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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Newly Proposed</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0150-voting-while-delegating.html" class="active">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0154-multi-slot-aura.html">RFC-0154: AURA Multi-Slot Collation </a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0155-pUSD.html">RFC-0155: pUSD (Polkadot USD over-collateralised debt token)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0156-bls-signatures.html">RFC-0156: Add BLS12-381 Host Functions</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Approved</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0001-agile-coretime.html">RFC-1: Agile Coretime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0005-coretime-interface.html">RFC-5: Coretime Interface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0007-system-collator-selection.html">RFC-0007: System Collator Selection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0008-parachain-bootnodes-dht.html">RFC-0008: Store parachain bootnodes in relay chain DHT</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0009-improved-net-light-client-requests.html">RFC-0009: Improved light client requests networking protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0010-burn-coretime-revenue.html">RFC-0010: Burn Coretime Revenue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0012-process-for-adding-new-collectives.html">RFC-0012: Process for Adding New System Collectives</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0013-prepare-blockbuilder-and-core-runtime-apis-for-mbms.html">RFC-0013: Prepare Core runtime API for MBMs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0014-improve-locking-mechanism-for-parachains.html">RFC-0014: Improve locking mechanism for parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0017-coretime-market-redesign.html">RFC-0017: Coretime Market Redesign</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0022-adopt-encointer-runtime.html">RFC-0022: Adopt Encointer Runtime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0026-sassafras-consensus.html">RFC-0026: Sassafras Consensus Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0032-minimal-relay.html">RFC-0032: Minimal Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0042-extrinsics-state-version.html">RFC-0042: Add System version that replaces StateVersion on RuntimeVersion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0043-storage-proof-size-hostfunction.html">RFC-0043: Introduce storage_proof_size Host Function for Improved Parachain Block Utilization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0045-nft-deposits-asset-hub.html">RFC-0045: Lowering NFT Deposits on Asset Hub</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0047-assignment-of-availability-chunks.html">RFC-0047: Assignment of availability chunks to validators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0048-session-keys-runtime-api.html">RFC-0048: Generate ownership proof for SessionKeys</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0050-fellowship-salaries.html">RFC-0050: Fellowship Salaries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0056-one-transaction-per-notification.html">RFC-0056: Enforce only one transaction per notification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0059-nodes-capabilities-discovery.html">RFC-0059: Add a discovery mechanism for nodes based on their capabilities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0078-merkleized-metadata.html">RFC-0078: Merkleized Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.html">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0091-dht-record-creation-time.html">RFC-0091: DHT Authority discovery record creation time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0097-unbonding_queue.html">RFC-0097: Unbonding Queue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0099-transaction-extension-version.html">RFC-0099: Introduce a transaction extension version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0100-xcm-multi-type-asset-transfer.html">RFC-0100: New XCM instruction: InitiateAssetsTransfer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0101-xcm-transact-remove-max-weight-param.html">RFC-0101: XCM Transact remove require_weight_at_most parameter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0103-introduce-core-index-commitment.html">RFC-0103: Introduce a CoreIndex commitment and a SessionIndex field in candidate receipts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0105-xcm-improved-fee-mechanism.html">RFC-0105: XCM improved fee mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0107-xcm-execution-hints.html">RFC-0107: XCM Execution hints</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0108-xcm-remove-testnet-ids.html">RFC-0108: Remove XCM testnet NetworkIds</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0122-alias-origin-on-asset-transfers.html">RFC-0122: Asset transfers can alias XCM origin on destination to original origin</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0123-pending-code-as-storage-location-for-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0123: Introduce :pending_code as intermediate storage key for the runtime code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0125-xcm-asset-metadata.html">RFC-0125: XCM Asset Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0126-introduce-pvq.html">RFC-0126: Introduce PVQ (PolkaVM Query)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0135-compressed-blob-prefixes.html">RFC-0135: Compressed Blob Prefixes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0139-faster-erasure-coding.html">RFC-0139: Faster Erasure Coding</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0146-deflationary-fee-proposal.html">RFC-0146: Deflationary Transaction Fee Model for the Relay Chain and its System Parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0149-rfc-1-renewal-adjustment.html">RFC-0149: Renewal Adjustment</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Stale</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-pre-elves_soft.html">RFC-0000: Pre-ELVES soft concensus</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-rewards.html">RFC-0000: Validator Rewards</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0004-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0004: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0006-dynamic-pricing-for-bulk-coretime-sales.html">RFC-0006: Dynamic Pricing for Bulk Coretime Sales</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0034-xcm-absolute-location-account-derivation.html">RFC-34: XCM Absolute Location Account Derivation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0035-conviction-voting-delegation-modifications.html"> RFC-0035: Conviction Voting Delegation Modifications</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0044-rent-based-registration.html">RFC-0044: Rent based registration model</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0054-remove-heap-pages.html">RFC-0054: Remove the concept of "heap pages" from the client</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0070-x-track-kusamanetwork.html">RFC-0070: X Track for @kusamanetwork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0073-referedum-deposit-track.html">RFC-0073: Decision Deposit Referendum Track</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0074-stateful-multisig-pallet.html">RFC-0074: Stateful Multisig Pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0077-increase-max-length-of-identity-pgp-fingerprint-value.html">RFC-0077: Increase maximum length of identity PGP fingerprint values from 20 bytes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0088-broker-pallet-slashable-deposit-purchaser-reputation-reserved-cores.html">RFC-0088: Add slashable locked deposit, purchaser reputation, and reserved cores for on-chain identities to broker pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-secondary-marketplace-for-regions.html">RFC-0001: Secondary Market for Regions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-smart-contracts-coretime-chain.html">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0102-offchain-parachain-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0000: Feature Name Here</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0106-xcm-remove-fees-mode.html">RFC-0106: Remove XCM fees mode</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0111-pure-proxy-replication.html">RFC-0111: Pure Proxy Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0112-compress-state-response-message-in-state-sync.html">RFC-0112: Compress the State Response Message in State Sync</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0114-secp256r1-hostfunction.html">RFC-0114: Introduce secp256r1_ecdsa_verify_prehashed Host Function to verify NIST-P256 elliptic curve signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0117-unbrick-collective.html">RFC-0117: The Unbrick Collective</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism.html">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0124-extrinsic-version-5.html">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0138-invulnerable-collator-election.html">RFC-0138: Election mechanism for invulnerable collators on system chains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0152-decentralized-convex-preference-coretime-market-for-polkadot.html">RFC-0152: Decentralized Convex-Preference Coretime Market for Polkadot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/RFC-114 Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods.html">RFC-114: Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/TODO-stale-nomination-reward-curve.html">RFC-TODO: Stale Nomination Reward Curve</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/xxxx-improve-the-security-of-proof-of-possession.html">RFC-XXXX: Adding customized mandatory context to proof of possession statement</a></li></ol>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/150">(source)</a></p>
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rfc-150-allow-voting-while-delegating">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#motivation">Motivation</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#backdrop">Backdrop</a></li>
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<li><a href="#the-issue">The Issue</a></li>
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<li><a href="#factors-limiting-delegation">Factors Limiting Delegation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#an-aside">An Aside</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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<li><a href="#explanation">Explanation</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#new-data--runtime-logic">New Data & Runtime Logic</a></li>
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<li><a href="#locked-balance">Locked Balance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#migrations">Migrations</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#an-unbounded-rate-of-change-of-the-voter-preferences-function">An unbounded rate of change of the voter preferences function</a></li>
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<li><a href="#lessened-value-in-becoming-a-delegate">Lessened value in becoming a delegate</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></li>
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<li><a href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li>
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<li><a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="rfc-150-allow-voting-while-delegating"><a class="header" href="#rfc-150-allow-voting-while-delegating">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a></h1>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><strong>Start Date</strong></td><td>June 5th, 2025</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Description</strong></td><td>Allow voters to simultaneously delegate and vote</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Authors</strong></td><td>polka.dom (polkadotdom)</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary"><a class="header" href="#summary">Summary</a></h2>
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<p>This RFC proposes changes to <code>pallet-conviction-voting</code> that allow for simultaneous voting and delegation. For example, Alice could delegate to Bob, then later vote on a referendum while keeping their delegation to Bob intact. It is a strict subset of Leemo's <a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/35">RFC 35</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2>
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<h3 id="backdrop"><a class="header" href="#backdrop">Backdrop</a></h3>
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<p>Under our current voting system, a voter can either vote or delegate. To vote, they must first ensure they have no delegate, and to delegate, they must first clear their current votes.</p>
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<h3 id="the-issue"><a class="header" href="#the-issue">The Issue</a></h3>
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<p>Empirically, the vast majority of people do not vote on day to day policy. This was foreseen and is the reason governance has delegation. However, more worriedly, it has also been observed that most people do not delegate either, leaving a large percentage of our voting population unrepresented.</p>
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<h3 id="factors-limiting-delegation"><a class="header" href="#factors-limiting-delegation">Factors Limiting Delegation</a></h3>
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<p>One could think of three major reasons for this lack of delegation. </p>
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<ul>
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<li>The voter does not know of anyone who accurately represents them. </li>
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<li>The voter does not want their right to vote stripped, in consideration of some yet unknown, highly important, referendum.</li>
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<li>The voter does not want to clear their voting data so as to delegate.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>This RFC aims to solve the second and third issue and thus more accurately align governance to the true voter preferences.</p>
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<h3 id="an-aside"><a class="header" href="#an-aside">An Aside</a></h3>
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<p>One may ask, could a voter not just undelegate, vote, then delegate again? Could this just be built into the user interface? Unfortunately, this does not work due to the need to clear their votes before redelegation. In practice the voter would undelegate, vote, wait until the referendum is closed, hope that there's no other referenda they would like to vote on, then redelegate. At best it's a temporally extended friction. At worst the voter goes unrepresented in voting for the duration of the vote clearing period.</p>
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<h2 id="stakeholders"><a class="header" href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></h2>
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<p><code>Runtime developers</code>: If runtime developers are relying on the previous assumptions for their <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/939fc198daaf5e8ae319419f112dacbc1ea7aefe/substrate/frame/conviction-voting/src/lib.rs#L159">VotingHooks</a> implementations, they will need to rethink their approach. In addition, a runtime migration is needed. Lastly, it is a serious change in governance that requires some consideration beyond the technical. </p>
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<p><code>App developers</code>: Apps like Subsquare and Polkassembly would need to update their user interface logic. They will also need to handle the new error.</p>
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<p><code>Users</code>: We will want users to be aware of the new functionality, though not required.</p>
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<p><code>Technical Writers</code>: This change will require rewrites of documentation and tutorials. </p>
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<h2 id="explanation"><a class="header" href="#explanation">Explanation</a></h2>
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<h3 id="new-data--runtime-logic"><a class="header" href="#new-data--runtime-logic">New Data & Runtime Logic</a></h3>
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<p>The new logic allows a delegator's vote on a specific poll to override their delegation for that poll only. When a delegator votes, their delegated voting power is temporarily "clawed back" from their delegate for that single referendum. This ensures a delegator's direct vote takes precedence.</p>
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<p>The core of the algorithm is as follows:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Calculating a User's Voting Power:</strong> A user's total voting power on any given poll is their own balance plus the total balance delegated to them, minus the total amount retracted by any of their delegators who chose to vote directly on that poll.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<p><strong>Tracking Clawbacks:</strong> When a delegator votes, the system records the full amount of their delegated stake as "retracted" on their delegate's account for that specific poll. This clawback is always for the delegator's full delegated amount, regardless of the amount they personally vote with. This is for simplicity and to avoid making assumptions about the delegator's intent. Crucially, clawbacks from multiple delegators can be accumulated, such that only one tracking entry per referendum is necessary.</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Here is how the logic plays out in different scenarios:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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|
<p><strong>When a Delegator Votes:</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>Alice delegates 10 UNITS to Bob. She then votes 'Aye' on Referendum #5 with her own 5 UNITS.</li>
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<li>The system adds Alice's 5 UNITS to the 'Aye' tally for Referendum #5.</li>
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<li>Simultaneously, the system creates a "retracted votes" entry on <em>Bob's</em> account, specific to Referendum #5, for the full 10 UNITS. If he had already voted, the tally would be adjusted to remove Alice's 10 UNITS.</li>
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<li>If Bob now votes, or changes his previous vote, his voting power will be his own balance plus all delegations <em>except</em> for Alice's 10 UNITS for this specific poll.</li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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|
<li>
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|
<p><strong>When a Delegator Removes Their Vote:</strong></p>
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|
<ol>
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|
<li>Following the above, Alice removes her vote from Referendum #5.</li>
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<li>The system removes her 5 UNITS from the 'Aye' tally.</li>
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<li>The system also removes the "retracted votes" entry from Bob's account. This action "returns" the 10 UNITS of voting power to Bob for Referendum #5. If Bob has a vote, the poll tally is updated accordingly.</li>
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<li>The cleanup of the delegate's state is handled by the delegator's transaction to ensure no orphaned data remains.</li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>A key consequence of this design is that a delegator's vote can alter their delegate's storage. If adding a "retracted votes" entry pushes the delegate's voting data beyond the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/939fc198daaf5e8ae319419f112dacbc1ea7aefe/substrate/frame/conviction-voting/src/lib.rs#L138">MaxVotes</a> limit, the delegator's transaction will fail. A new error will be introduced to signal this specific case. While a constraint, this will incentivize delegates to regularly clear their voting data for concluded referenda, and given our current referenda rates and MaxVotes set to <a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/blob/34ecb949660704ccf139a06afb075c6a729b1295/relay/polkadot/src/governance/mod.rs#L43">512</a>, this scenario is unlikely to occur.</p>
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<h3 id="locked-balance"><a class="header" href="#locked-balance">Locked Balance</a></h3>
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<p>A user's locked balance will be the greater of the delegation lock and the voting lock.</p>
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<h3 id="migrations"><a class="header" href="#migrations">Migrations</a></h3>
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|
<p>A multi-block runtime migration is necessary. It would iterate over the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/939fc198daaf5e8ae319419f112dacbc1ea7aefe/substrate/frame/conviction-voting/src/lib.rs#L165">VotingFor</a> storage item and convert the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/939fc198daaf5e8ae319419f112dacbc1ea7aefe/substrate/frame/conviction-voting/src/vote.rs#L256-L264">old vote data structure</a> to the <a href="https://github.com/PolkadotDom/polkadot-sdk/blob/dom/vote-while-delegating/substrate/frame/conviction-voting/src/vote.rs#L227-L243">new structure</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="drawbacks"><a class="header" href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></h2>
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<p>There are two potential drawbacks to this system -</p>
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|
<h3 id="an-unbounded-rate-of-change-of-the-voter-preferences-function"><a class="header" href="#an-unbounded-rate-of-change-of-the-voter-preferences-function">An unbounded rate of change of the voter preferences function</a></h3>
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|
<p>If implemented, there will be no friction in delegating, undelegating, and voting. Therefore, there could be large and immediate shifts in the voter preferences function. In other voting systems we see bounds added to the rate of change (voting cycles, etc). That said, it is unclear whether this is desired or advantageous. Additionally, there are more easily parameterized and analytically tractable ways to handle this than what we currently have. See future directions.</p>
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<h3 id="lessened-value-in-becoming-a-delegate"><a class="header" href="#lessened-value-in-becoming-a-delegate">Lessened value in becoming a delegate</a></h3>
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<p>If a delegate's voting power can be stripped from them at any point, then there is necessarily a reduction in their power within the system. This provides less incentive to become a delegate. But again, there are more customizable ways to handle this if it proves necessary. </p>
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<h2 id="testing-security-and-privacy"><a class="header" href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></h2>
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<p>The changes herein would allow for a cost-symmetric grief in which a delegator votes on every referendum, adding more votes to the delegate's record, then accepts the lock and waits until the delegate themselves pays to remove the vote from their record-- costing the delegate <code>cost_of_removal_per_ref * number_of_refs_not_voted_on</code>. This cost will inevitably be small and accepted by aspirational delegates, considering they'll be voting on most refs anyway. However, for those who don't want to incur the possibility of this cost, we introduce a per voting class flag that toggles delegator voting on/off.</p>
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<p>In addition, these changes would mean a more complicated STF, which would increase the difficulty of hardening. Though sufficient unit testing should handle this with ease.</p>
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<h2 id="performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a></h2>
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<h3 id="performance"><a class="header" href="#performance">Performance</a></h3>
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|
<p>The proposed changes would increase both the compute and storage requirements by about 2x for all voting functions. No change in complexity.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="ergonomics"><a class="header" href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Voting and delegation will both become more ergonomic for users, as there are no longer hard constraints affecting what you can do and when you can do it.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="compatibility"><a class="header" href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Runtime developers will need to add the migration and ensure their hooks still work.</p>
|
|
<p>App developers will need to update their user interfaces to accommodate the new functionality. They will need to handle the new error as well.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="prior-art-and-references"><a class="header" href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></h2>
|
|
<p>A current implementation can be found <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/9026">here</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="unresolved-questions"><a class="header" href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></h2>
|
|
<p>None</p>
|
|
<h2 id="future-directions-and-related-material"><a class="header" href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></h2>
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|
<p>It is possible we would like to add a system parameter for the rate of change of the voting/delegation system. This could prevent wild swings in the voter preferences function and motivate/shield delegates by solidifying their positions over some amount of time. However, it's unclear that this would be valuable or even desirable.</p>
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