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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Newly Proposed</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0150-voting-while-delegating.html">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0154-multi-slot-aura.html">RFC-0154: AURA Multi-Slot Collation </a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0155-pUSD.html">RFC-0155: pUSD (Polkadot USD over-collateralised debt token)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0156-bls-signatures.html">RFC-0156: Add BLS12-381 Host Functions</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Approved</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0001-agile-coretime.html">RFC-1: Agile Coretime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0005-coretime-interface.html">RFC-5: Coretime Interface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0007-system-collator-selection.html">RFC-0007: System Collator Selection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0008-parachain-bootnodes-dht.html">RFC-0008: Store parachain bootnodes in relay chain DHT</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0009-improved-net-light-client-requests.html">RFC-0009: Improved light client requests networking protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0010-burn-coretime-revenue.html">RFC-0010: Burn Coretime Revenue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0012-process-for-adding-new-collectives.html">RFC-0012: Process for Adding New System Collectives</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0013-prepare-blockbuilder-and-core-runtime-apis-for-mbms.html">RFC-0013: Prepare Core runtime API for MBMs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0014-improve-locking-mechanism-for-parachains.html">RFC-0014: Improve locking mechanism for parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0017-coretime-market-redesign.html">RFC-0017: Coretime Market Redesign</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0022-adopt-encointer-runtime.html">RFC-0022: Adopt Encointer Runtime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0026-sassafras-consensus.html">RFC-0026: Sassafras Consensus Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0032-minimal-relay.html">RFC-0032: Minimal Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0042-extrinsics-state-version.html">RFC-0042: Add System version that replaces StateVersion on RuntimeVersion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0043-storage-proof-size-hostfunction.html">RFC-0043: Introduce storage_proof_size Host Function for Improved Parachain Block Utilization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0045-nft-deposits-asset-hub.html">RFC-0045: Lowering NFT Deposits on Asset Hub</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0047-assignment-of-availability-chunks.html">RFC-0047: Assignment of availability chunks to validators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0048-session-keys-runtime-api.html">RFC-0048: Generate ownership proof for SessionKeys</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0050-fellowship-salaries.html">RFC-0050: Fellowship Salaries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0056-one-transaction-per-notification.html">RFC-0056: Enforce only one transaction per notification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0059-nodes-capabilities-discovery.html">RFC-0059: Add a discovery mechanism for nodes based on their capabilities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0078-merkleized-metadata.html">RFC-0078: Merkleized Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.html">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0091-dht-record-creation-time.html">RFC-0091: DHT Authority discovery record creation time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0097-unbonding_queue.html">RFC-0097: Unbonding Queue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0099-transaction-extension-version.html">RFC-0099: Introduce a transaction extension version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0100-xcm-multi-type-asset-transfer.html">RFC-0100: New XCM instruction: InitiateAssetsTransfer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0101-xcm-transact-remove-max-weight-param.html">RFC-0101: XCM Transact remove require_weight_at_most parameter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0103-introduce-core-index-commitment.html">RFC-0103: Introduce a CoreIndex commitment and a SessionIndex field in candidate receipts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0105-xcm-improved-fee-mechanism.html">RFC-0105: XCM improved fee mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0107-xcm-execution-hints.html">RFC-0107: XCM Execution hints</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0108-xcm-remove-testnet-ids.html">RFC-0108: Remove XCM testnet NetworkIds</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0122-alias-origin-on-asset-transfers.html">RFC-0122: Asset transfers can alias XCM origin on destination to original origin</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0123-pending-code-as-storage-location-for-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0123: Introduce :pending_code as intermediate storage key for the runtime code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0125-xcm-asset-metadata.html">RFC-0125: XCM Asset Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0126-introduce-pvq.html">RFC-0126: Introduce PVQ (PolkaVM Query)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0135-compressed-blob-prefixes.html">RFC-0135: Compressed Blob Prefixes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0139-faster-erasure-coding.html">RFC-0139: Faster Erasure Coding</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0146-deflationary-fee-proposal.html">RFC-0146: Deflationary Transaction Fee Model for the Relay Chain and its System Parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0149-rfc-1-renewal-adjustment.html">RFC-0149: Renewal Adjustment</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Stale</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-pre-elves_soft.html">RFC-0000: Pre-ELVES soft concensus</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-rewards.html">RFC-0000: Validator Rewards</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0004-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0004: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0006-dynamic-pricing-for-bulk-coretime-sales.html">RFC-0006: Dynamic Pricing for Bulk Coretime Sales</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0034-xcm-absolute-location-account-derivation.html">RFC-34: XCM Absolute Location Account Derivation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0035-conviction-voting-delegation-modifications.html"> RFC-0035: Conviction Voting Delegation Modifications</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0044-rent-based-registration.html">RFC-0044: Rent based registration model</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0054-remove-heap-pages.html">RFC-0054: Remove the concept of "heap pages" from the client</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0070-x-track-kusamanetwork.html">RFC-0070: X Track for @kusamanetwork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0073-referedum-deposit-track.html">RFC-0073: Decision Deposit Referendum Track</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0074-stateful-multisig-pallet.html">RFC-0074: Stateful Multisig Pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0077-increase-max-length-of-identity-pgp-fingerprint-value.html">RFC-0077: Increase maximum length of identity PGP fingerprint values from 20 bytes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0088-broker-pallet-slashable-deposit-purchaser-reputation-reserved-cores.html">RFC-0088: Add slashable locked deposit, purchaser reputation, and reserved cores for on-chain identities to broker pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-secondary-marketplace-for-regions.html">RFC-0001: Secondary Market for Regions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-smart-contracts-coretime-chain.html">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0102-offchain-parachain-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0000: Feature Name Here</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0106-xcm-remove-fees-mode.html">RFC-0106: Remove XCM fees mode</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0111-pure-proxy-replication.html">RFC-0111: Pure Proxy Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0112-compress-state-response-message-in-state-sync.html">RFC-0112: Compress the State Response Message in State Sync</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0114-secp256r1-hostfunction.html">RFC-0114: Introduce secp256r1_ecdsa_verify_prehashed Host Function to verify NIST-P256 elliptic curve signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0117-unbrick-collective.html">RFC-0117: The Unbrick Collective</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism.html">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0124-extrinsic-version-5.html" class="active">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0138-invulnerable-collator-election.html">RFC-0138: Election mechanism for invulnerable collators on system chains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0152-decentralized-convex-preference-coretime-market-for-polkadot.html">RFC-0152: Decentralized Convex-Preference Coretime Market for Polkadot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/RFC-114 Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods.html">RFC-114: Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/TODO-stale-nomination-reward-curve.html">RFC-TODO: Stale Nomination Reward Curve</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/xxxx-improve-the-security-of-proof-of-possession.html">RFC-XXXX: Adding customized mandatory context to proof of possession statement</a></li></ol>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Polkadot Fellowship RFCs</h1>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/124">(source)</a></p>
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rfc-0124-extrinsic-version-5">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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<li><a href="#explanation">Explanation</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#changes-to-extrinsic-authorization">Changes to extrinsic authorization</a></li>
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<li><a href="#encoding-format-for-version-5">Encoding format for version 5</a></li>
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<li><a href="#signatures-on-polkadot-in-general-transactions">Signatures on Polkadot in General transactions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#summary-of-changes-in-version-5">Summary of changes in version 5</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></li>
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<li><a href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></li>
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<li><a href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li>
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<li><a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="rfc-0124-extrinsic-version-5"><a class="header" href="#rfc-0124-extrinsic-version-5">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a></h1>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><strong>Start Date</strong></td><td>18 October 2024</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Description</strong></td><td>Definition and specification of version 5 extrinsics</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Authors</strong></td><td>George Pisaltu</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary"><a class="header" href="#summary">Summary</a></h2>
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<p>This RFC proposes the definition of version 5 extrinsics along with changes to the specification and
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encoding from version 4.</p>
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<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/main/text/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.md">RFC84</a>
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introduced the specification of <code>General</code> transactions, a new type of extrinsic besides the <code>Signed</code>
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and <code>Unsigned</code> variants available previously in version 4. Additionally,
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<a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/main/text/0099-transaction-extension-version.md">RFC99</a>
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introduced versioning of transaction extensions through an extra byte in the extrinsic encoding.
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Both of these changes require an extrinsic format version bump as both the semantics around
|
|
extensions as well as the actual encoding of extrinsics need to change to accommodate these new
|
|
features.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="stakeholders"><a class="header" href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Runtime users</li>
|
|
<li>Runtime devs</li>
|
|
<li>Wallet devs</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="explanation"><a class="header" href="#explanation">Explanation</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="changes-to-extrinsic-authorization"><a class="header" href="#changes-to-extrinsic-authorization">Changes to extrinsic authorization</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The introduction of <code>General</code> transactions allows the authorization of any and all origins through
|
|
extensions. This means that, with the appropriate extension, <code>General</code> transactions can replicate
|
|
the same behavior present-day v4 <code>Signed</code> transactions. Specifically for Polkadot chains, an example
|
|
implementation for such an extension is
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/substrate/frame/verify-signature"><code>VerifySignature</code></a>,
|
|
introduced in the Transaction Extension
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3685">PR3685</a>. Other extensions can be inserted
|
|
into the extension pipeline to authorize different custom origins. Therefore, a <code>Signed</code> extrinsic
|
|
variant is redundant to a <code>General</code> one strictly in terms of user functionality and could eventually
|
|
be deprecated and removed.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="encoding-format-for-version-5"><a class="header" href="#encoding-format-for-version-5">Encoding format for version 5</a></h3>
|
|
<p>As with version 4, the encoded extrinsic v5 is a SCALE encoded vector of bytes (<code>u8</code>), therefore
|
|
starting with the encoded length of the following bytes in compact format. The leading byte after
|
|
the length determines the version and type of extrinsic, as specified by
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/main/text/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.md">RFC84</a>.
|
|
For reasons mentioned above, this RFC removes the <code>Signed</code> variant for v5 extrinsics.</p>
|
|
<p>For <code>Bare</code> extrinsics, the following bytes will just be the encoded call and nothing else.</p>
|
|
<p>For <code>General</code> transactions, as stated in
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/main/text/0099-transaction-extension-version.md">RFC99</a>,
|
|
an extension version byte must be added to the extrinsic format. This byte should allow runtimes to
|
|
expose more than one set of extensions which can be used for a transaction. As far as the v5
|
|
extrinsic encoding is concerned, this extension byte should be encoded immediately after the leading
|
|
encoding byte. The extension version byte should be included in payloads to be signed by all
|
|
extensions configured by runtime devs to ensure a user's extension version choice cannot be altered
|
|
by third parties.</p>
|
|
<p>After the extension version byte, the extensions will be encoded next, followed by the call itself.</p>
|
|
<p>A quick visualization of the encoding:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>Bare</code> extrinsics: <code>(extrinsic_encoded_len, 0b0000_0101, call)</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>General</code> transactions: <code>(extrinsic_encoded_len, , 0b0100_0101, extension_version_byte, extensions, call)</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="signatures-on-polkadot-in-general-transactions"><a class="header" href="#signatures-on-polkadot-in-general-transactions">Signatures on Polkadot in General transactions</a></h3>
|
|
<p>In order to run a transaction with a signed origin in extrinsic version 5, a user must create the
|
|
transaction with an instance of at least one extension responsible for authorizing <code>Signed</code> origins
|
|
with a provided signature.</p>
|
|
<p>As stated before, <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3685">PR3685</a> comes with a
|
|
Transaction Extension which replicates the current <code>Signed</code> transactions in v5 extrinsics, namely
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/tree/master/substrate/frame/verify-signature"><code>VerifySignature</code></a>.
|
|
I will use this extension as an example on how to replicate current <code>Signed</code> transaction
|
|
functionality in the new v5 extrinsic format, though the runtime logic is not constrained to this
|
|
particular implementation.</p>
|
|
<p>This extension leverages the new inherited implication functionality introduced in
|
|
<code>TransactionExtension</code> and creates a payload to be signed using the data of all extensions after
|
|
itself in the extension pipeline. This extension can be configured to accept a <code>MultiSignature</code>,
|
|
which makes it compatible with all signature types currently used in Polkadot.</p>
|
|
<p>In the context of using an extension such as <code>VerifySignature</code>, for example, to replicate current
|
|
<code>Signed</code> transaction functionality, the steps to generate the payload to be signed would be:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>The extension version byte, call, extension and extension implicit should be encoded (by
|
|
"extension" and its implicit we mean only the data associated with extensions that follow this
|
|
one in the composite extension type);</li>
|
|
<li>The result of the encoding should then be hashed using the <code>BLAKE2_256</code> hasher;</li>
|
|
<li>The result of the hash should then be signed with the signature type specified in the extension definition.</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
</span>// Step 1: encode the bytes
|
|
let encoded = (extension_version_byte, call, transaction_extension, transaction_extension_implicit).encode();
|
|
// Step 2: hash them
|
|
let payload = blake2_256(&encoded[..]);
|
|
// Step 3: sign the payload
|
|
let signature = keyring.sign(&payload[..]);
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
<h3 id="summary-of-changes-in-version-5"><a class="header" href="#summary-of-changes-in-version-5">Summary of changes in version 5</a></h3>
|
|
<p>In order to minimize the number of changes to the extrinsic format version and also to help all
|
|
consumers downstream in the transition period between these extrinsic versions, we should:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Remove the <code>Signed</code> variant starting with v5 extrinsics</li>
|
|
<li>Add the <code>General</code> variant starting with v5 extrinsics</li>
|
|
<li>Enable runtimes to support both v4 and v5 extrinsics</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="drawbacks"><a class="header" href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The metadata will have to accommodate two distinct extrinsic format versions at a given point in
|
|
time in order to provide the new functionality in a non-breaking way for users and tooling.</p>
|
|
<p>Although having to support multiple extrinsic versions in metadata involves extra work, the change
|
|
is ultimately an improvement to metadata and the extra functionality may be useful in other future
|
|
scenarios.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="testing-security-and-privacy"><a class="header" href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></h2>
|
|
<p>There is no impact on testing, security or privacy.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a></h2>
|
|
<p>This change makes the authorization through signatures configurable by runtime devs in version 5
|
|
extrinsics, as opposed to version 4 where the signing payload algorithm and signatures were
|
|
hardcoded. This moves the responsibility of ensuring proper authentication through
|
|
<code>TransactionExtension</code> to the runtime devs, but a sensible default which closely resembles the
|
|
present day behavior will be provided in <code>VerifySignature</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="performance"><a class="header" href="#performance">Performance</a></h3>
|
|
<p>There is no performance impact.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="ergonomics"><a class="header" href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></h3>
|
|
<p>Tooling will have to adapt to be able to tell which authorization scheme is used by a particular
|
|
transaction by decoding the extension and checking which particular <code>TransactionExtension</code> in the
|
|
pipeline is enabled to do the origin authorization. Previously, this was done by simply checking
|
|
whether the transaction is signed or unsigned, as there was only one method of authentication.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="compatibility"><a class="header" href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></h3>
|
|
<p>As long as extrinsic version 4 is still exposed in the metadata when version 5 will be introduced,
|
|
the changes will not break existing infrastructure. This should give enough time for tooling to
|
|
support version 5 and to remove version 4 in the future.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="prior-art-and-references"><a class="header" href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></h2>
|
|
<p>This is a result of the work in <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415">Extrinsic
|
|
Horizon</a> and
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/main/text/0099-transaction-extension-version.md">RFC99</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="unresolved-questions"><a class="header" href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></h2>
|
|
<p>None.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="future-directions-and-related-material"><a class="header" href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Following this change, extrinsic version 5 will be introduced as part of the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415">Extrinsic
|
|
Horizon</a> effort, which will shape future
|
|
work.</p>
|
|
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