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<title>RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain - Polkadot Fellowship RFCs</title>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Newly Proposed</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0000-rewards.html">RFC-0000: Validator Rewards</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0150-voting-while-delegating.html">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/xxxx-improve-the-security-of-proof-of-possession.html">RFC-XXXX: Adding customized mandatory context to proof of possession statement</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Approved</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0001-agile-coretime.html">RFC-1: Agile Coretime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0005-coretime-interface.html">RFC-5: Coretime Interface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0007-system-collator-selection.html">RFC-0007: System Collator Selection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0008-parachain-bootnodes-dht.html">RFC-0008: Store parachain bootnodes in relay chain DHT</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0009-improved-net-light-client-requests.html">RFC-0009: Improved light client requests networking protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0010-burn-coretime-revenue.html">RFC-0010: Burn Coretime Revenue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0012-process-for-adding-new-collectives.html">RFC-0012: Process for Adding New System Collectives</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0013-prepare-blockbuilder-and-core-runtime-apis-for-mbms.html">RFC-0013: Prepare Core runtime API for MBMs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0014-improve-locking-mechanism-for-parachains.html">RFC-0014: Improve locking mechanism for parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0017-coretime-market-redesign.html">RFC-0017: Coretime Market Redesign</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0022-adopt-encointer-runtime.html">RFC-0022: Adopt Encointer Runtime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0026-sassafras-consensus.html">RFC-0026: Sassafras Consensus Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0032-minimal-relay.html">RFC-0032: Minimal Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0042-extrinsics-state-version.html">RFC-0042: Add System version that replaces StateVersion on RuntimeVersion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0043-storage-proof-size-hostfunction.html">RFC-0043: Introduce storage_proof_size Host Function for Improved Parachain Block Utilization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0045-nft-deposits-asset-hub.html">RFC-0045: Lowering NFT Deposits on Asset Hub</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0047-assignment-of-availability-chunks.html">RFC-0047: Assignment of availability chunks to validators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0048-session-keys-runtime-api.html">RFC-0048: Generate ownership proof for SessionKeys</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0050-fellowship-salaries.html">RFC-0050: Fellowship Salaries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0056-one-transaction-per-notification.html">RFC-0056: Enforce only one transaction per notification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0059-nodes-capabilities-discovery.html">RFC-0059: Add a discovery mechanism for nodes based on their capabilities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0078-merkleized-metadata.html">RFC-0078: Merkleized Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.html">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0091-dht-record-creation-time.html">RFC-0091: DHT Authority discovery record creation time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0097-unbonding_queue.html">RFC-0097: Unbonding Queue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0099-transaction-extension-version.html">RFC-0099: Introduce a transaction extension version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0100-xcm-multi-type-asset-transfer.html">RFC-0100: New XCM instruction: InitiateAssetsTransfer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0101-xcm-transact-remove-max-weight-param.html">RFC-0101: XCM Transact remove require_weight_at_most parameter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0103-introduce-core-index-commitment.html">RFC-0103: Introduce a CoreIndex commitment and a SessionIndex field in candidate receipts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0105-xcm-improved-fee-mechanism.html">RFC-0105: XCM improved fee mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0107-xcm-execution-hints.html">RFC-0107: XCM Execution hints</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0108-xcm-remove-testnet-ids.html">RFC-0108: Remove XCM testnet NetworkIds</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0122-alias-origin-on-asset-transfers.html">RFC-0122: Asset transfers can alias XCM origin on destination to original origin</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0123-pending-code-as-storage-location-for-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0123: Introduce :pending_code as intermediate storage key for the runtime code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0125-xcm-asset-metadata.html">RFC-0125: XCM Asset Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0126-introduce-pvq.html">RFC-0126: Introduce PVQ (PolkaVM Query)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0135-compressed-blob-prefixes.html">RFC-0135: Compressed Blob Prefixes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0139-faster-erasure-coding.html">RFC-0139: Faster Erasure Coding</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0146-deflationary-fee-proposal.html">RFC-0146: Deflationary Transaction Fee Model for the Relay Chain and its System Parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0149-rfc-1-renewal-adjustment.html">RFC-0149: Renewal Adjustment</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Stale</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-pre-elves_soft.html">RFC-0000: Pre-ELVES soft concensus</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0004-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0004: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0006-dynamic-pricing-for-bulk-coretime-sales.html">RFC-0006: Dynamic Pricing for Bulk Coretime Sales</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0034-xcm-absolute-location-account-derivation.html">RFC-34: XCM Absolute Location Account Derivation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0035-conviction-voting-delegation-modifications.html"> RFC-0035: Conviction Voting Delegation Modifications</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0044-rent-based-registration.html">RFC-0044: Rent based registration model</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0054-remove-heap-pages.html">RFC-0054: Remove the concept of "heap pages" from the client</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0070-x-track-kusamanetwork.html">RFC-0070: X Track for @kusamanetwork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0073-referedum-deposit-track.html">RFC-0073: Decision Deposit Referendum Track</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0074-stateful-multisig-pallet.html">RFC-0074: Stateful Multisig Pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0077-increase-max-length-of-identity-pgp-fingerprint-value.html">RFC-0077: Increase maximum length of identity PGP fingerprint values from 20 bytes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0088-broker-pallet-slashable-deposit-purchaser-reputation-reserved-cores.html">RFC-0088: Add slashable locked deposit, purchaser reputation, and reserved cores for on-chain identities to broker pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-secondary-marketplace-for-regions.html">RFC-0001: Secondary Market for Regions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-smart-contracts-coretime-chain.html" class="active">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0102-offchain-parachain-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0000: Feature Name Here</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0106-xcm-remove-fees-mode.html">RFC-0106: Remove XCM fees mode</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0111-pure-proxy-replication.html">RFC-0111: Pure Proxy Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0112-compress-state-response-message-in-state-sync.html">RFC-0112: Compress the State Response Message in State Sync</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0114-secp256r1-hostfunction.html">RFC-0114: Introduce secp256r1_ecdsa_verify_prehashed Host Function to verify NIST-P256 elliptic curve signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0117-unbrick-collective.html">RFC-0117: The Unbrick Collective</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism.html">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0124-extrinsic-version-5.html">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0138-invulnerable-collator-election.html">RFC-0138: Election mechanism for invulnerable collators on system chains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0145-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0145: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/RFC-114 Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods.html">RFC-114: Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/TODO-stale-nomination-reward-curve.html">RFC-TODO: Stale Nomination Reward Curve</a></li></ol>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/96">(source)</a></p>
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rfc-0002-smart-contracts-on-the-coretime-chain">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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<li><a href="#explanation">Explanation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></li>
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<li><a href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li>
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<li><a href="#security">Security</a></li>
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<li><a href="#privacy">Privacy</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li>
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<li><a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="rfc-0002-smart-contracts-on-the-coretime-chain"><a class="header" href="#rfc-0002-smart-contracts-on-the-coretime-chain">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></h1>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><strong>Start Date</strong></td><td>2024-06-09</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Description</strong></td><td>Implement smart contracts on the Coretime chain</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Authors</strong></td><td><a href="https://github.com/poppyseedDev/">Aurora Poppyseed</a>, <a href="https://github.com/phillux">Phil Lucksok</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary"><a class="header" href="#summary">Summary</a></h2>
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<p>This RFC proposes the integration of smart contracts on the Coretime chain to enhance flexibility and enable complex decentralized applications, including secondary market functionalities.</p>
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<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2>
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<p>Currently, the Coretime chain lacks the capability to support smart contracts, which limits the range of decentralized applications that can be developed and deployed. By enabling smart contracts, the Coretime chain can facilitate more sophisticated functionalities such as automated region trading, dynamic pricing mechanisms, and other decentralized applications that require programmable logic. This will enhance the utility of the Coretime chain, attract more developers, and create more opportunities for innovation.</p>
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<p>Additionally, while there is a proposal (#885) to allow EVM-compatible contracts on Polkadot’s Asset Hub, the implementation of smart contracts directly on the Coretime chain will provide synchronous interactions and avoid the complexities of asynchronous operations via XCM. </p>
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<h2 id="stakeholders"><a class="header" href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></h2>
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<p>Primary stakeholders include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Developers working on the Coretime chain.</li>
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<li>Users who want to deploy decentralized applications on the Coretime chain.</li>
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<li>Community members interested in expanding the capabilities of the Coretime chain.</li>
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<li>Secondary Coretime marketplaces.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="explanation"><a class="header" href="#explanation">Explanation</a></h2>
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<p>This RFC introduces the following key components:</p>
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<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Smart Contract Support</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Integrate support for deploying and executing smart contracts on the Coretime chain.</li>
|
||
<li>Use a well-established smart contract platform, such as Ethereum’s Solidity or Polkadot's Ink!, to ensure compatibility and ease of use.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Storage and Execution</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Define a storage structure for smart contracts and their associated data.</li>
|
||
<li>Ensure efficient and secure execution of smart contracts, with proper resource management and gas fee mechanisms.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Integration with Existing Pallets</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Ensure that smart contracts can interact with existing pallets on the Coretime chain, such as the broker pallet.</li>
|
||
<li>Provide APIs and interfaces for seamless integration and interaction.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><strong>Security and Auditing</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Implement robust security measures to prevent vulnerabilities and exploits in smart contracts.</li>
|
||
<li>Conduct thorough security audits and testing before deployment.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h2 id="drawbacks"><a class="header" href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></h2>
|
||
<p>There are several drawbacks to consider:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Complexity</strong>: Adding smart contracts introduces significant complexity to the Coretime chain, which may increase maintenance overhead and the potential for bugs.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Performance</strong>: The execution of smart contracts can be resource-intensive, potentially affecting the performance of the Coretime chain.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Security</strong>: Smart contracts are prone to vulnerabilities and exploits, necessitating rigorous security measures and continuous monitoring.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="testing-security-and-privacy"><a class="header" href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="testing"><a class="header" href="#testing">Testing</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Comprehensive unit tests and integration tests should be developed to ensure the correct functionality of smart contracts.</li>
|
||
<li>Test scenarios should include various use cases and edge cases to validate the robustness of the implementation.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="security"><a class="header" href="#security">Security</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Security audits should be performed to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities.</li>
|
||
<li>Implement best practices for smart contract development to minimize the risk of exploits.</li>
|
||
<li>Continuous monitoring and updates will be necessary to address new security threats.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="privacy"><a class="header" href="#privacy">Privacy</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The proposal does not introduce new privacy concerns as it extends existing functionalities with programmable logic.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="performance"><a class="header" href="#performance">Performance</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The introduction of smart contracts may impact performance due to the additional computational overhead.</li>
|
||
<li>Optimization techniques, such as efficient gas fee mechanisms and resource management, should be employed to minimize performance degradation.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="ergonomics"><a class="header" href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The new functionality should be designed to be intuitive and easy to use for developers, with comprehensive documentation and examples.</li>
|
||
<li>Provide developer tools and SDKs to facilitate the creation and deployment of smart contracts.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="compatibility"><a class="header" href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>This proposal should maintain compatibility with existing interfaces and functionalities of the Coretime chain.</li>
|
||
<li>Ensure backward compatibility and provide migration paths if necessary.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="prior-art-and-references"><a class="header" href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Ethereum’s implementation of smart contracts using Solidity.</li>
|
||
<li>Polkadot’s Ink! smart contract platform.</li>
|
||
<li>Existing decentralized applications and use cases on other blockchain platforms.</li>
|
||
<li>Proposal #885: EVM-compatible contracts on Asset Hub, which highlights the community's interest in integrating smart contracts within the Polkadot ecosystem.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="unresolved-questions"><a class="header" href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>What specific security measures should be implemented to prevent smart contract vulnerabilities?</li>
|
||
<li>How can we ensure optimal performance while supporting complex smart contracts?</li>
|
||
<li>What are the best practices for integrating smart contracts with existing pallets on the Coretime chain?</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="future-directions-and-related-material"><a class="header" href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Further enhancements could include advanced developer tools and SDKs for smart contract development.</li>
|
||
<li>Integration with external decentralized applications and platforms to expand the ecosystem.</li>
|
||
<li>Continuous updates and improvements to the smart contract platform based on community feedback and emerging best practices.</li>
|
||
<li>Exploration of additional use cases for smart contracts on the Coretime chain, such as decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, voting systems, and more.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>By enabling smart contracts on the Coretime chain, we can significantly expand its capabilities and attract a wider range of developers and users, fostering innovation and growth in the ecosystem.</p>
|
||
|
||
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