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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Newly Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../new/0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism.html" class="active">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../new/0121-iterable-referenda-tracks.html">RFC-0121: Iterable Referenda Tracks</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../new/0122-alias-origin-on-asset-transfers.html">RFC-0122: Asset transfers can alias XCM origin on destination to original origin</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0000-rewards.html">RFC-0000: Validator Rewards</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0004-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0004: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0006-dynamic-pricing-for-bulk-coretime-sales.html">RFC-0006: Dynamic Pricing for Bulk Coretime Sales</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0009-improved-net-light-client-requests.html">RFC-0009: Improved light client requests networking protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0015-market-design-revisit.html">RFC-0015: Market Design Revisit</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0034-xcm-absolute-location-account-derivation.html">RFC-34: XCM Absolute Location Account Derivation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0035-conviction-voting-delegation-modifications.html"> RFC-0035: Conviction Voting Delegation Modifications</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0044-rent-based-registration.html">RFC-0044: Rent based registration model</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0054-remove-heap-pages.html">RFC-0054: Remove the concept of "heap pages" from the client</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0070-x-track-kusamanetwork.html">RFC-0070: X Track for @kusamanetwork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0073-referedum-deposit-track.html">RFC-0073: Decision Deposit Referendum Track</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0074-stateful-multisig-pallet.html">RFC-0074: Stateful Multisig Pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0077-increase-max-length-of-identity-pgp-fingerprint-value.html">RFC-0077: Increase maximum length of identity PGP fingerprint values from 20 bytes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0088-broker-pallet-slashable-deposit-purchaser-reputation-reserved-cores.html">RFC-0088: Add slashable locked deposit, purchaser reputation, and reserved cores for on-chain identities to broker pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0089-flexible-inflation.html">RFC-0089: Flexible Inflation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/00xx-secondary-marketplace-for-regions.html">RFC-0001: Secondary Market for Regions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/00xx-smart-contracts-coretime-chain.html">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0106-xcm-remove-fees-mode.html">RFC-0106: Remove XCM fees mode</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0111-pure-proxy-replication.html">RFC-0111: Pure Proxy Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0112-compress-state-response-message-in-state-sync.html">RFC-0112: Compress the State Response Message in State Sync</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0117-unbrick-collective.html">RFC-0117: The Unbrick Collective</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Approved</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0001-agile-coretime.html">RFC-1: Agile Coretime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0005-coretime-interface.html">RFC-5: Coretime Interface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0007-system-collator-selection.html">RFC-0007: System Collator Selection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0008-parachain-bootnodes-dht.html">RFC-0008: Store parachain bootnodes in relay chain DHT</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0010-burn-coretime-revenue.html">RFC-0010: Burn Coretime Revenue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0012-process-for-adding-new-collectives.html">RFC-0012: Process for Adding New System Collectives</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0013-prepare-blockbuilder-and-core-runtime-apis-for-mbms.html">RFC-0013: Prepare Core runtime API for MBMs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0014-improve-locking-mechanism-for-parachains.html">RFC-0014: Improve locking mechanism for parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0022-adopt-encointer-runtime.html">RFC-0022: Adopt Encointer Runtime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0026-sassafras-consensus.html">RFC-0026: Sassafras Consensus Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0032-minimal-relay.html">RFC-0032: Minimal Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0042-extrinsics-state-version.html">RFC-0042: Add System version that replaces StateVersion on RuntimeVersion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0043-storage-proof-size-hostfunction.html">RFC-0043: Introduce storage_proof_size Host Function for Improved Parachain Block Utilization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0045-nft-deposits-asset-hub.html">RFC-0045: Lowering NFT Deposits on Asset Hub</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0047-assignment-of-availability-chunks.html">RFC-0047: Assignment of availability chunks to validators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0048-session-keys-runtime-api.html">RFC-0048: Generate ownership proof for SessionKeys</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0050-fellowship-salaries.html">RFC-0050: Fellowship Salaries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0056-one-transaction-per-notification.html">RFC-0056: Enforce only one transaction per notification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0059-nodes-capabilities-discovery.html">RFC-0059: Add a discovery mechanism for nodes based on their capabilities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0078-merkleized-metadata.html">RFC-0078: Merkleized Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.html">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0091-dht-record-creation-time.html">RFC-0091: DHT Authority discovery record creation time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0097-unbonding_queue.html">RFC-0097: Unbonding Queue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0099-transaction-extension-version.html">RFC-0099: Introduce a transaction extension version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0100-xcm-multi-type-asset-transfer.html">RFC-0100: New XCM instruction: InitiateAssetsTransfer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0101-xcm-transact-remove-max-weight-param.html">RFC-0101: XCM Transact remove require_weight_at_most parameter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0103-introduce-core-index-commitment.html">RFC-0103: Introduce a CoreIndex commitment and a SessionIndex field in candidate receipts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0105-xcm-improved-fee-mechanism.html">RFC-0105: XCM improved fee mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0107-xcm-execution-hints.html">RFC-0107: XCM Execution hints</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0108-xcm-remove-testnet-ids.html">RFC-0108: Remove XCM testnet NetworkIds</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Stale</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0102-offchain-parachain-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0000: Feature Name Here</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0114-secp256r1-hostfunction.html">RFC-0114: Introduce secp256r1_ecdsa_verify_prehashed Host Function to verify NIST-P256 elliptic curve signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/RFC-114 Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods.html">RFC-114: Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/TODO-stale-nomination-reward-curve.html">RFC-TODO: Stale Nomination Reward Curve</a></li></ol>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Polkadot Fellowship RFCs</h1>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/120">(source)</a></p>
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rfc-0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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<li><a href="#explanation">Explanation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></li>
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<li><a href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></li>
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<li><a href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li>
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<li><a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="rfc-0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism"><a class="header" href="#rfc-0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></h1>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><strong>Start Date</strong></td><td>22 March 2024</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Description</strong></td><td>Proposal to decide polls after confirm period via a mechanism similar to a candle auction</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Authors</strong></td><td>Pablo Dorado, Daniel Olano</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary"><a class="header" href="#summary">Summary</a></h2>
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<p>In an attempt to mitigate risks derived from unwanted behaviours around long decision periods on
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referenda, this proposal describes how to finalize and decide a result of a poll via a
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mechanism similar to candle auctions.</p>
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<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2>
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<p>Referenda protocol provide permissionless and efficient mechanisms to enable governance actors to
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decide the future of the blockchains around Polkadot network. However, they pose a series of risks
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derived from the game theory perspective around these mechanisms. One of them being where an actor
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uses the the public nature of the tally of a poll as a way of determining the best point in time to
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alter a poll in a meaningful way.</p>
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<p>While this behaviour is expected based on the current design of the referenda logic, given the
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recent extension of ongoing times (up to 1 month), the incentives for a bad actor to cause losses
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on a proposer, reflected as wasted cost of opportunity increase, and thus, this otherwise
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reasonable outcome becomes an attack vector, a potential risk to mitigate, especially when such
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attack can compromise critical guarantees of the protocol (such as its upgradeability).</p>
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<p>To mitigate this, the referenda underlying mechanisms should incentive actors to cast their votes
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on a poll as early as possible. This proposal's approach suggests using a Candle Auction that will
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be determined right after the confirm period finishes, thus decreasing the chances of actors to
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alter the results of a poll on confirming state, and instead incentivizing them to cast their votes
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earlier, on deciding state.</p>
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<h2 id="stakeholders"><a class="header" href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Governance actors</strong>: Tokenholders and Collectives that vote on polls that have this mechanism
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enabled should be aware this change affects the outcome of failing a poll on its confirm period.</li>
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<li><strong>Runtime Developers</strong>: This change requires runtime developers to change configuration
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parameters for the Referenda Pallet.</li>
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<li><strong>Tooling and UI developers</strong>: Applications that interact with referenda must update to reflect
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the new <code>Finalizing</code> state.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="explanation"><a class="header" href="#explanation">Explanation</a></h2>
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<p>Currently, the process of a referendum/poll is defined as an sequence between an ongoing state
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(where accounts can vote), comprised by a with a preparation period, a decision period, and a
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confirm period. If the poll is passing before the decision period ends, it's possible to push
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forward to confirm period, and still, go back in case the poll fails. Once the decision period
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ends, a failure of the poll in the confirm period will lead to the poll to ultimately be rejected.</p>
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<pre><code class="language-mermaid">stateDiagram-v2
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sb: Submission
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pp: Preparation Period
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dp: Decision Period
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cp: Confirmation Period
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state dpd <<choice>>
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state ps <<choice>>
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cf: Approved
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rj: Rejected
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[*] --> sb
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sb --> pp
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pp --> dp: decision period starts
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dp --> cp: poll is passing
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dp --> ps: decision period ends
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ps --> cp: poll is passing
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cp --> dpd: poll fails
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|
dpd --> dp: decision period not deadlined
|
|
ps --> rj: poll is failing
|
|
dpd --> rj: decision period deadlined
|
|
cp --> cf
|
|
cf --> [*]
|
|
rj --> [*]
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p>This specification proposes three changes to implement this candle mechanism:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>This mechanism MUST be enabled via a configuration parameter. Once enabled, the referenda system
|
|
MAY record the next poll ID from which to start enabling this mechanism. This is to preserve
|
|
backwards compatibility with currently ongoing polls.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A record of the poll status (whether it is passing or not) is stored once the decision period is
|
|
finished.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Including a <strong>Finalization</strong> period as part of the ongoing state. From this point, the poll MUST
|
|
be immutable at this point.</p>
|
|
<p>This period begins the moment after confirm period ends, and extends the decision for a couple
|
|
of blocks, until the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verifiable_random_function">VRF</a> seed used to determine the candle block can be considered
|
|
<em>"good enough"</em>. This is, not known before the ongoing period (decision/confirmation) was over.</p>
|
|
<p>Once that happens, a random block within the confirm period is chosen, and the decision of
|
|
approving or rejecting the poll is based on the status immediately before the block where the
|
|
candle was <em>"lit-off"</em>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>When enabled, the state diagram for the referenda system is the following:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-mermaid">stateDiagram-v2
|
|
sb: Submission
|
|
pp: Preparation Period
|
|
dp: Decision Period
|
|
cp: Confirmation Period
|
|
cds: Finalization
|
|
state dpd <<choice>>
|
|
state ps <<choice>>
|
|
state cd <<choice>>
|
|
cf: Approved
|
|
rj: Rejected
|
|
|
|
[*] --> sb
|
|
sb --> pp
|
|
pp --> dp: decision period starts
|
|
dp --> cp: poll is passing
|
|
ps --> cp: poll is passing
|
|
dp --> ps: decision period ends
|
|
ps --> rj: poll is failing
|
|
cp --> dpd: poll fails
|
|
dpd --> cp: decision period over
|
|
dpd --> dp: decision period not over
|
|
cp --> cds: confirmation period ends
|
|
cds --> cd: define moment when candle lit-off
|
|
cd --> cf: poll passed
|
|
cd --> rj: poll failed
|
|
cf --> [*]
|
|
rj --> [*]
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<h2 id="drawbacks"><a class="header" href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></h2>
|
|
<p>This approach doesn't include a mechanism to determine whether a change of the poll status in the
|
|
confirming period is due to a legitimate change of mind of the voters, or an exploitation of its
|
|
aforementioned vulnerabilities (like a sniping attack), instead treating all of them as potential
|
|
attacks.</p>
|
|
<p>This is an issue that can be addressed by additional mechanisms, and heuristics that can help
|
|
determine the probability of a change of poll status to happen as a result of a legitimate behaviour.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="testing-security-and-privacy"><a class="header" href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The implementation of this RFC will be tested on testnets (Paseo and Westend) first. Furthermore, it
|
|
should be enabled in a canary network (like Kusama) to ensure the behaviours it is trying to address
|
|
is indeed avoided.</p>
|
|
<p>An audit will be required to ensure the implementation doesn't introduce unwanted side effects.</p>
|
|
<p>There are no privacy related concerns.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="performance"><a class="header" href="#performance">Performance</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The added steps imply pessimization, necessary to meet the expected changes. An implementation MUST
|
|
exit from the <strong>Finalization</strong> period as early as possible to minimize this impact.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="ergonomics"><a class="header" href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></h3>
|
|
<p>This proposal does not alter the already exposed interfaces or developers or end users. However, they
|
|
must be aware of the changes in the additional overhead the new period might incur (these depend on the
|
|
implemented VRF).</p>
|
|
<h3 id="compatibility"><a class="header" href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></h3>
|
|
<p>This proposal does not break compatibility with existing interfaces, older versions, but it alters the
|
|
previous implementation of the referendum processing algorithm.</p>
|
|
<p>An acceptable upgrade strategy that can be applied is defining a point in time (block number, poll index)
|
|
from which to start applying the new mechanism, thus, not affecting the already ongoing referenda.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="prior-art-and-references"><a class="header" href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="https://docs.rs/polkadot-runtime-common/16.0.0/polkadot_runtime_common/auctions/index.html">Auctions pallet</a> in <a href="https://crates.io/crates/polkadot-runtime-common"><code>polkadot-runtime-commont</code></a>: Defines the mechanism of candle auctions.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>PBA Book</strong>: A good place to read about <a href="https://polkadot-blockchain-academy.github.io/pba-book/cryptography/exotic-primitives/page.html?highlight=vrf#verifiable-random-functionsvrfs">VRFs</a>.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="unresolved-questions"><a class="header" href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>How to determine in a statistically meaningful way that a change in the poll status corresponds to an
|
|
organic behaviour, and not an unwanted, malicious behaviour?</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="future-directions-and-related-material"><a class="header" href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></h2>
|
|
<p>A proposed implementation of this change can be seen on this <a href="https://github.com/virto-network/polkadot-sdk/pull/4">Pull Request</a>.</p>
|
|
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