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<title>RFC-0151: Crowdsourced Decision Deposits - Polkadot Fellowship RFCs</title>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Newly Proposed</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0000-rewards.html">RFC-0000: Validator Rewards</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0151-crowdsourced-decision-deposits.html" class="active">RFC-0151: Crowdsourced Decision Deposits</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0152-decentralized-convex-preference-coretime-market-for-polkadot.html">RFC-0152: Decentralized Convex-Preference Coretime Market for Polkadot</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Approved</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0001-agile-coretime.html">RFC-1: Agile Coretime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0005-coretime-interface.html">RFC-5: Coretime Interface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0007-system-collator-selection.html">RFC-0007: System Collator Selection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0008-parachain-bootnodes-dht.html">RFC-0008: Store parachain bootnodes in relay chain DHT</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0009-improved-net-light-client-requests.html">RFC-0009: Improved light client requests networking protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0010-burn-coretime-revenue.html">RFC-0010: Burn Coretime Revenue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0012-process-for-adding-new-collectives.html">RFC-0012: Process for Adding New System Collectives</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0013-prepare-blockbuilder-and-core-runtime-apis-for-mbms.html">RFC-0013: Prepare Core runtime API for MBMs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0014-improve-locking-mechanism-for-parachains.html">RFC-0014: Improve locking mechanism for parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0017-coretime-market-redesign.html">RFC-0017: Coretime Market Redesign</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0022-adopt-encointer-runtime.html">RFC-0022: Adopt Encointer Runtime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0026-sassafras-consensus.html">RFC-0026: Sassafras Consensus Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0032-minimal-relay.html">RFC-0032: Minimal Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0042-extrinsics-state-version.html">RFC-0042: Add System version that replaces StateVersion on RuntimeVersion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0043-storage-proof-size-hostfunction.html">RFC-0043: Introduce storage_proof_size Host Function for Improved Parachain Block Utilization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0045-nft-deposits-asset-hub.html">RFC-0045: Lowering NFT Deposits on Asset Hub</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0047-assignment-of-availability-chunks.html">RFC-0047: Assignment of availability chunks to validators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0048-session-keys-runtime-api.html">RFC-0048: Generate ownership proof for SessionKeys</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0050-fellowship-salaries.html">RFC-0050: Fellowship Salaries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0056-one-transaction-per-notification.html">RFC-0056: Enforce only one transaction per notification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0059-nodes-capabilities-discovery.html">RFC-0059: Add a discovery mechanism for nodes based on their capabilities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0078-merkleized-metadata.html">RFC-0078: Merkleized Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.html">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0091-dht-record-creation-time.html">RFC-0091: DHT Authority discovery record creation time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0097-unbonding_queue.html">RFC-0097: Unbonding Queue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0099-transaction-extension-version.html">RFC-0099: Introduce a transaction extension version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0100-xcm-multi-type-asset-transfer.html">RFC-0100: New XCM instruction: InitiateAssetsTransfer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0101-xcm-transact-remove-max-weight-param.html">RFC-0101: XCM Transact remove require_weight_at_most parameter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0103-introduce-core-index-commitment.html">RFC-0103: Introduce a CoreIndex commitment and a SessionIndex field in candidate receipts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0105-xcm-improved-fee-mechanism.html">RFC-0105: XCM improved fee mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0107-xcm-execution-hints.html">RFC-0107: XCM Execution hints</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0108-xcm-remove-testnet-ids.html">RFC-0108: Remove XCM testnet NetworkIds</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0122-alias-origin-on-asset-transfers.html">RFC-0122: Asset transfers can alias XCM origin on destination to original origin</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0123-pending-code-as-storage-location-for-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0123: Introduce :pending_code as intermediate storage key for the runtime code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0125-xcm-asset-metadata.html">RFC-0125: XCM Asset Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0126-introduce-pvq.html">RFC-0126: Introduce PVQ (PolkaVM Query)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0135-compressed-blob-prefixes.html">RFC-0135: Compressed Blob Prefixes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0139-faster-erasure-coding.html">RFC-0139: Faster Erasure Coding</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0146-deflationary-fee-proposal.html">RFC-0146: Deflationary Transaction Fee Model for the Relay Chain and its System Parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0149-rfc-1-renewal-adjustment.html">RFC-0149: Renewal Adjustment</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Stale</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-pre-elves_soft.html">RFC-0000: Pre-ELVES soft concensus</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0004-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0004: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0006-dynamic-pricing-for-bulk-coretime-sales.html">RFC-0006: Dynamic Pricing for Bulk Coretime Sales</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0034-xcm-absolute-location-account-derivation.html">RFC-34: XCM Absolute Location Account Derivation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0035-conviction-voting-delegation-modifications.html"> RFC-0035: Conviction Voting Delegation Modifications</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0044-rent-based-registration.html">RFC-0044: Rent based registration model</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0054-remove-heap-pages.html">RFC-0054: Remove the concept of "heap pages" from the client</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0070-x-track-kusamanetwork.html">RFC-0070: X Track for @kusamanetwork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0073-referedum-deposit-track.html">RFC-0073: Decision Deposit Referendum Track</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0074-stateful-multisig-pallet.html">RFC-0074: Stateful Multisig Pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0077-increase-max-length-of-identity-pgp-fingerprint-value.html">RFC-0077: Increase maximum length of identity PGP fingerprint values from 20 bytes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0088-broker-pallet-slashable-deposit-purchaser-reputation-reserved-cores.html">RFC-0088: Add slashable locked deposit, purchaser reputation, and reserved cores for on-chain identities to broker pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-secondary-marketplace-for-regions.html">RFC-0001: Secondary Market for Regions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-smart-contracts-coretime-chain.html">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0102-offchain-parachain-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0000: Feature Name Here</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0106-xcm-remove-fees-mode.html">RFC-0106: Remove XCM fees mode</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0111-pure-proxy-replication.html">RFC-0111: Pure Proxy Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0112-compress-state-response-message-in-state-sync.html">RFC-0112: Compress the State Response Message in State Sync</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0114-secp256r1-hostfunction.html">RFC-0114: Introduce secp256r1_ecdsa_verify_prehashed Host Function to verify NIST-P256 elliptic curve signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0117-unbrick-collective.html">RFC-0117: The Unbrick Collective</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism.html">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0124-extrinsic-version-5.html">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0138-invulnerable-collator-election.html">RFC-0138: Election mechanism for invulnerable collators on system chains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0145-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0145: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0150-voting-while-delegating.html">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/RFC-114 Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods.html">RFC-114: Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/TODO-stale-nomination-reward-curve.html">RFC-TODO: Stale Nomination Reward Curve</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/xxxx-improve-the-security-of-proof-of-possession.html">RFC-XXXX: Adding customized mandatory context to proof of possession statement</a></li></ol>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/pull/151">(source)</a></p>
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rfc-0151-crowdsourced-decision-deposits">RFC-0151: Crowdsourced Decision Deposits</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#motivation">Motivation</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#backdrop">Backdrop</a></li>
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<li><a href="#the-issue">The Issue</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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<li><a href="#explanation">Explanation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></li>
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<li><a href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></li>
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<li><a href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li>
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<li><a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="rfc-0151-crowdsourced-decision-deposits"><a class="header" href="#rfc-0151-crowdsourced-decision-deposits">RFC-0151: Crowdsourced Decision Deposits</a></h1>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><strong>Start Date</strong></td><td>July 7th, 2025</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Description</strong></td><td>Allow decision deposits to be crowdsourced.</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Authors</strong></td><td>polka.dom & Phunky</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary"><a class="header" href="#summary">Summary</a></h2>
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<p>This RFC proposes changes to <code>pallet-referenda</code> that would allow for many people to contribute to a single referendum's decision deposit.</p>
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<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2>
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<h3 id="backdrop"><a class="header" href="#backdrop">Backdrop</a></h3>
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<p>Currently there are two types of deposits that must be placed for an OpenGov referendum to begin its deciding stage - the submission deposit, which is <a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/blob/34ecb949660704ccf139a06afb075c6a729b1295/relay/polkadot/src/governance/mod.rs#L53">miniscule</a>, and the decision deposit. Each of these can only be placed lump sum by a single account.</p>
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<h3 id="the-issue"><a class="header" href="#the-issue">The Issue</a></h3>
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<p>The decision deposit can be (by design) quite large, reaching values up to <a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/blob/34ecb949660704ccf139a06afb075c6a729b1295/relay/polkadot/src/governance/tracks.rs#L77">100k DOT</a> on the relay chain. Perhaps unsurprisingly, it can be observed that we are incurring voter signal loss due to this high barrier of entry, seen <a href="https://polkadot.subsquare.io/referenda/1394">here</a> and <a href="https://x.com/alice_und_bob/status/1930615911649567055">here</a>. </p>
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<p>The primary motivation of this RFC is then to reduce that signal loss while still retaining high security assumptions.</p>
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<h2 id="stakeholders"><a class="header" href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></h2>
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<p><code>Governance Actors</code>: All actors in governance would be affected by this RFC, as it changes the dynamics of our federal and local voting systems.</p>
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<p><code>Runtime Developers</code>: Runtime developers will need to update their sdk version and enact a runtime migration.</p>
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<p><code>DApp Developers</code>: App developers will need to integrate the new changes into their UI/UX.</p>
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<p><code>Technical Writers</code>: A rewrite of existing documentation is not needed, but documentation for the new features would be warranted.</p>
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<h2 id="explanation"><a class="header" href="#explanation">Explanation</a></h2>
|
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<p>The changes to <code>pallet-referenda</code> would be as follows:</p>
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<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A referendum's status must be modified to include a list of <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/types.rs#L134">deposits</a> instead of just <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/types.rs#L319">one</a>.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
<p>An additional extrinsic for contributing partially to a decision deposit should be created. Retrofitting the existing one would work as well, but at the cost of more breaking changes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/lib.rs#L616-L630">kill</a> and <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/lib.rs#L561-L581">refund_decision_deposit</a> extrinsics must be updated to deal with a list of deposits.</p>
|
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</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
<p>New <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/types.rs#L193-L215">per-track info</a> fields for the <code>minimum amount contributable</code> and the <code>maximum amount of contributors</code> must be added. The minimum contributable helps with griefing (see below), and the maximum contributors keeps the storage/compute bounded.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
<p>The last available slot for contribution must reserved only for those contributing what amount is remaining. This is to prevent griefing.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
<p>Any amount contributed greater than the remaining amount required should not be locked/used.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
<p>New errors must be created for <code>max contributors reached</code> and <code>contribution under the minimum</code>.</p>
|
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</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A new event for <code>partial decision deposit placed</code> should be created. The <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/lib.rs#L307-L314">current event</a> could be used, but may be confusing as it's known to mean the full amount.</p>
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</li>
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|
</ul>
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<h2 id="drawbacks"><a class="header" href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></h2>
|
|
<p>See performance section.</p>
|
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<h2 id="testing-security-and-privacy"><a class="header" href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></h2>
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|
<p>This RFC opens up referenda to a griefing attack if improperly structured. It goes as follows - Alice opens a referendum, Bob creates <code>n = MaxContributors</code> faux accounts and fills all contributor spots with dust contributions, ensuring a referendum never achieves it's full decision deposit and in turn never makes it to the deciding phase.</p>
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|
<p>One can avoid anything catastrophic by reserving the final contributor spot only for those contributing the remaining amount, but it is more difficult to keep antagonists from wasting contributor spots in general. A simple route is to make <code>minimum contribution = decision deposit / max contributors</code>; however, that might leave the barrier to contributing still too high. The tuning of this, or perhaps some unseen fix, is an open question.</p>
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<h2 id="performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a></h2>
|
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<h3 id="performance"><a class="header" href="#performance">Performance</a></h3>
|
|
<p>The decision deposit field would take up potentially <code>max_contributors</code> times more storage/PoV. However, with the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/master/substrate/frame/referenda/src/types.rs#L134-L137">decision deposit</a> being just a handful of bytes, this should be manageable. Similarly the <code>kill</code> and <code>refund_decision_deposit</code> extrinsics would become <code>max_contributors</code> times more compute intensive. All other metrics would be conserved or nominal.</p>
|
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<h3 id="ergonomics"><a class="header" href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></h3>
|
|
<p>This RFC will make our referenda pipeline more ergonomic and open.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="compatibility"><a class="header" href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></h3>
|
|
<p>DApps would need to account for the new decision deposit structure and potentially the new extrinsic if they so choose. In addition, for runtime developers, a storage migration is necessary to convert the old <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/56234513d1d1b3cc9fb85fcc1a9735ab9df22ef2/substrate/frame/referenda/src/types.rs#L295-L328">ReferendumStatus</a> to the <a href="https://github.com/PolkadotDom/polkadot-sdk/blob/2bee79f90c92ac1cf8fad12dbfcc93a7d3b948de/substrate/frame/referenda/src/types.rs#L320-L356">new</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="prior-art-and-references"><a class="header" href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></h2>
|
|
<p>N/A</p>
|
|
<h2 id="unresolved-questions"><a class="header" href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></h2>
|
|
<p>N/A</p>
|
|
<h2 id="future-directions-and-related-material"><a class="header" href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Find the current WIP <a href="https://github.com/PolkadotDom/polkadot-sdk/tree/dom/crowdsource-decision-deposit/substrate/frame/referenda/src">here</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Considering Governance will soon be in a smart contracts environment, this change could be further augmented through contracts.</p>
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