feat: Rebrand Polkadot/Substrate references to PezkuwiChain

This commit systematically rebrands various references from Parity Technologies'
Polkadot/Substrate ecosystem to PezkuwiChain within the kurdistan-sdk.

Key changes include:
- Updated external repository URLs (zombienet-sdk, parity-db, parity-scale-codec, wasm-instrument) to point to pezkuwichain forks.
- Modified internal documentation and code comments to reflect PezkuwiChain naming and structure.
- Replaced direct references to  with  or specific paths within the  for XCM, Pezkuwi, and other modules.
- Cleaned up deprecated  issue and PR references in various  and  files, particularly in  and  modules.
- Adjusted image and logo URLs in documentation to point to PezkuwiChain assets.
- Removed or rephrased comments related to external Polkadot/Substrate PRs and issues.

This is a significant step towards fully customizing the SDK for the PezkuwiChain ecosystem.

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+[package]
+name = "pezpallet-offences"
+version = "27.0.0"
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+homepage.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+description = "FRAME offences pallet"
+readme = "README.md"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+
+[dependencies]
+codec = { features = ["derive"], workspace = true }
+pezframe-support = { workspace = true }
+pezframe-system = { workspace = true }
+log = { workspace = true }
+scale-info = { features = ["derive"], workspace = true }
+serde = { optional = true, workspace = true, default-features = true }
+pezsp-runtime = { workspace = true }
+pezsp-staking = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+pezsp-core = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+pezsp-io = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = [
+	"codec/std",
+	"pezframe-support/std",
+	"pezframe-system/std",
+	"log/std",
+	"scale-info/std",
+	"serde",
+	"pezsp-core/std",
+	"pezsp-io/std",
+	"pezsp-runtime/std",
+	"pezsp-staking/std",
+]
+runtime-benchmarks = [
+	"pezframe-support/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezframe-system/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezsp-io/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezsp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezsp-staking/runtime-benchmarks",
+]
+try-runtime = [
+	"pezframe-support/try-runtime",
+	"pezframe-system/try-runtime",
+	"pezsp-runtime/try-runtime",
+]

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Offences Module
+
+Tracks reported offences
+
+License: Apache-2.0

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/benchmarking/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+[package]
+name = "pezpallet-offences-benchmarking"
+version = "28.0.0"
+authors.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+homepage.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+description = "FRAME offences pallet benchmarking"
+readme = "README.md"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+
+[dependencies]
+codec = { workspace = true }
+pezframe-benchmarking = { workspace = true }
+pezframe-election-provider-support = { workspace = true }
+pezframe-support = { workspace = true }
+pezframe-system = { workspace = true }
+log = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-babe = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-balances = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-grandpa = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-im-online = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-offences = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-session = { workspace = true }
+pezpallet-staking = { workspace = true }
+scale-info = { features = ["derive"], workspace = true }
+pezsp-runtime = { workspace = true }
+pezsp-staking = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+pezpallet-staking-reward-curve = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+pezpallet-timestamp = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+pezsp-core = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+pezsp-io = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+pezsp-tracing = { workspace = true, default-features = true }
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = [
+	"codec/std",
+	"pezframe-benchmarking/std",
+	"pezframe-election-provider-support/std",
+	"pezframe-support/std",
+	"pezframe-system/std",
+	"log/std",
+	"pezpallet-babe/std",
+	"pezpallet-balances/std",
+	"pezpallet-grandpa/std",
+	"pezpallet-im-online/std",
+	"pezpallet-offences/std",
+	"pezpallet-session/std",
+	"pezpallet-staking/std",
+	"pezpallet-timestamp/std",
+	"scale-info/std",
+	"pezsp-core/std",
+	"pezsp-io/std",
+	"pezsp-runtime/std",
+	"pezsp-staking/std",
+]
+runtime-benchmarks = [
+	"pezframe-benchmarking/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezframe-election-provider-support/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezframe-support/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezframe-system/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-babe/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-balances/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-grandpa/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-im-online/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-offences/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-session/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-staking-reward-curve/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-staking/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezpallet-timestamp/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezsp-io/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezsp-runtime/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pezsp-staking/runtime-benchmarks",
+]

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/benchmarking/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Offences pallet benchmarking.
+
+License: Apache-2.0

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/benchmarking/src/inner.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Offences pallet benchmarking.
+
+use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
+use codec::Decode;
+use pezframe_benchmarking::v2::*;
+use pezframe_support::traits::Get;
+use pezframe_system::{Config as SystemConfig, Pallet as System, RawOrigin};
+use pezpallet_babe::EquivocationOffence as BabeEquivocationOffence;
+use pezpallet_balances::Config as BalancesConfig;
+use pezpallet_grandpa::{
+	EquivocationOffence as GrandpaEquivocationOffence, TimeSlot as GrandpaTimeSlot,
+};
+use pezpallet_offences::{Config as OffencesConfig, Pallet as Offences};
+use pezpallet_session::{
+	historical::{Config as HistoricalConfig, IdentificationTuple},
+	Config as SessionConfig, Pallet as Session,
+};
+use pezpallet_staking::{
+	Config as StakingConfig, Exposure, IndividualExposure, MaxNominationsOf, Pallet as Staking,
+	RewardDestination, ValidatorPrefs,
+};
+use pezsp_runtime::{
+	traits::{Convert, Saturating, StaticLookup},
+	Perbill,
+};
+use pezsp_staking::offence::ReportOffence;
+
+const SEED: u32 = 0;
+
+const MAX_NOMINATORS: u32 = 100;
+
+pub struct Pallet<T: Config>(Offences<T>);
+
+pub trait Config:
+	SessionConfig<ValidatorId = <Self as pezframe_system::Config>::AccountId>
+	+ StakingConfig
+	+ OffencesConfig
+	+ HistoricalConfig
+	+ BalancesConfig
+	+ IdTupleConvert<Self>
+{
+}
+
+/// A helper trait to make sure we can convert `IdentificationTuple` coming from historical
+/// and the one required by offences.
+pub trait IdTupleConvert<T: HistoricalConfig + OffencesConfig> {
+	/// Convert identification tuple from `historical` trait to the one expected by `offences`.
+	fn convert(id: IdentificationTuple<T>) -> <T as OffencesConfig>::IdentificationTuple;
+}
+
+impl<T: HistoricalConfig + OffencesConfig> IdTupleConvert<T> for T
+where
+	<T as OffencesConfig>::IdentificationTuple: From<IdentificationTuple<T>>,
+{
+	fn convert(id: IdentificationTuple<T>) -> <T as OffencesConfig>::IdentificationTuple {
+		id.into()
+	}
+}
+
+type LookupSourceOf<T> = <<T as SystemConfig>::Lookup as StaticLookup>::Source;
+type BalanceOf<T> = <T as StakingConfig>::CurrencyBalance;
+
+struct Offender<T: Config> {
+	pub controller: T::AccountId,
+	#[allow(dead_code)]
+	pub stash: T::AccountId,
+	#[allow(dead_code)]
+	pub nominator_stashes: Vec<T::AccountId>,
+}
+
+fn bond_amount<T: Config>() -> BalanceOf<T> {
+	pezpallet_staking::asset::existential_deposit::<T>().saturating_mul(10_000u32.into())
+}
+
+fn create_offender<T: Config>(n: u32, nominators: u32) -> Result<Offender<T>, &'static str> {
+	let stash: T::AccountId = account("stash", n, SEED);
+	let stash_lookup: LookupSourceOf<T> = T::Lookup::unlookup(stash.clone());
+	let reward_destination = RewardDestination::Staked;
+	let amount = bond_amount::<T>();
+	// add twice as much balance to prevent the account from being killed.
+	let free_amount = amount.saturating_mul(2u32.into());
+	pezpallet_staking::asset::set_stakeable_balance::<T>(&stash, free_amount);
+	Staking::<T>::bond(
+		RawOrigin::Signed(stash.clone()).into(),
+		amount,
+		reward_destination.clone(),
+	)?;
+
+	let validator_prefs =
+		ValidatorPrefs { commission: Perbill::from_percent(50), ..Default::default() };
+	Staking::<T>::validate(RawOrigin::Signed(stash.clone()).into(), validator_prefs)?;
+
+	// set some fake keys for the validators.
+	let keys =
+		<T as SessionConfig>::Keys::decode(&mut pezsp_runtime::traits::TrailingZeroInput::zeroes())
+			.unwrap();
+	let proof: Vec<u8> = vec![0, 1, 2, 3];
+	Session::<T>::ensure_can_pay_key_deposit(&stash)?;
+	Session::<T>::set_keys(RawOrigin::Signed(stash.clone()).into(), keys, proof)?;
+
+	let mut individual_exposures = vec![];
+	let mut nominator_stashes = vec![];
+	// Create n nominators
+	for i in 0..nominators {
+		let nominator_stash: T::AccountId =
+			account("nominator stash", n * MAX_NOMINATORS + i, SEED);
+		pezpallet_staking::asset::set_stakeable_balance::<T>(&nominator_stash, free_amount);
+
+		Staking::<T>::bond(
+			RawOrigin::Signed(nominator_stash.clone()).into(),
+			amount,
+			reward_destination.clone(),
+		)?;
+
+		let selected_validators: Vec<LookupSourceOf<T>> = vec![stash_lookup.clone()];
+		Staking::<T>::nominate(
+			RawOrigin::Signed(nominator_stash.clone()).into(),
+			selected_validators,
+		)?;
+
+		individual_exposures
+			.push(IndividualExposure { who: nominator_stash.clone(), value: amount });
+		nominator_stashes.push(nominator_stash.clone());
+	}
+
+	let exposure = Exposure { total: amount * n.into(), own: amount, others: individual_exposures };
+	let current_era = 0u32;
+	Staking::<T>::add_era_stakers(current_era, stash.clone(), exposure);
+
+	Ok(Offender { controller: stash.clone(), stash, nominator_stashes })
+}
+
+fn make_offenders<T: Config>(
+	num_offenders: u32,
+	num_nominators: u32,
+) -> Result<Vec<IdentificationTuple<T>>, &'static str> {
+	let mut offenders = vec![];
+	for i in 0..num_offenders {
+		let offender = create_offender::<T>(i + 1, num_nominators)?;
+		// add them to the session validators -- this is needed since `FullIdentificationOf` usually
+		// checks this.
+		pezpallet_session::Validators::<T>::mutate(|v| v.push(offender.controller.clone()));
+		offenders.push(offender);
+	}
+
+	let id_tuples = offenders
+		.iter()
+		.map(|offender| {
+			<T as SessionConfig>::ValidatorIdOf::convert(offender.controller.clone())
+				.expect("failed to get validator id from account id")
+		})
+		.map(|validator_id| {
+			<T as HistoricalConfig>::FullIdentificationOf::convert(validator_id.clone())
+				.map(|full_id| (validator_id, full_id))
+				.unwrap()
+		})
+		.collect::<Vec<IdentificationTuple<T>>>();
+
+	if pezpallet_staking::ActiveEra::<T>::get().is_none() {
+		pezpallet_staking::ActiveEra::<T>::put(pezpallet_staking::ActiveEraInfo {
+			index: 0,
+			start: Some(0),
+		});
+	}
+
+	Ok(id_tuples)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn assert_all_slashes_applied<T>(offender_count: usize)
+where
+	T: Config,
+	<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezpallet_staking::Event<T>>,
+	<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezpallet_balances::Event<T>>,
+	<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezpallet_offences::Event>,
+	<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezframe_system::Event<T>>,
+{
+	// make sure that all slashes have been applied and TotalIssuance adjusted(BurnedDebt).
+	// deposit to reporter + reporter account endowed.
+	assert_eq!(System::<T>::read_events_for_pallet::<pezpallet_balances::Event<T>>().len(), 3);
+	// (n nominators + one validator) * slashed + Slash Reported + Slash Computed
+	assert_eq!(
+		System::<T>::read_events_for_pallet::<pezpallet_staking::Event<T>>().len(),
+		1 * (offender_count + 1) as usize + 1
+	);
+	// offence
+	assert_eq!(System::<T>::read_events_for_pallet::<pezpallet_offences::Event>().len(), 1);
+	// reporter new account
+	assert_eq!(System::<T>::read_events_for_pallet::<pezframe_system::Event<T>>().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[benchmarks(
+	where
+		<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezpallet_staking::Event<T>>,
+		<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezpallet_balances::Event<T>>,
+		<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezpallet_offences::Event>,
+		<T as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent: TryInto<pezframe_system::Event<T>>,
+)]
+mod benchmarks {
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[benchmark]
+	pub fn report_offence_grandpa(
+		n: Linear<0, { MAX_NOMINATORS.min(MaxNominationsOf::<T>::get()) }>,
+	) -> Result<(), BenchmarkError> {
+		// for grandpa equivocation reports the number of reporters
+		// and offenders is always 1
+		let reporters = vec![account("reporter", 1, SEED)];
+
+		// make sure reporters actually get rewarded
+		Staking::<T>::set_slash_reward_fraction(Perbill::one());
+
+		let mut offenders = make_offenders::<T>(1, n)?;
+		let validator_set_count = Session::<T>::validators().len() as u32;
+
+		let offence = GrandpaEquivocationOffence {
+			time_slot: GrandpaTimeSlot { set_id: 0, round: 0 },
+			session_index: 0,
+			validator_set_count,
+			offender: T::convert(offenders.pop().unwrap()),
+		};
+		assert_eq!(System::<T>::event_count(), 0);
+
+		#[block]
+		{
+			let _ = Offences::<T>::report_offence(reporters, offence);
+		}
+
+		#[cfg(test)]
+		{
+			assert_all_slashes_applied::<T>(n as usize);
+		}
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	#[benchmark]
+	fn report_offence_babe(
+		n: Linear<0, { MAX_NOMINATORS.min(MaxNominationsOf::<T>::get()) }>,
+	) -> Result<(), BenchmarkError> {
+		// for babe equivocation reports the number of reporters
+		// and offenders is always 1
+		let reporters = vec![account("reporter", 1, SEED)];
+
+		// make sure reporters actually get rewarded
+		Staking::<T>::set_slash_reward_fraction(Perbill::one());
+
+		let mut offenders = make_offenders::<T>(1, n)?;
+		let validator_set_count = Session::<T>::validators().len() as u32;
+
+		let offence = BabeEquivocationOffence {
+			slot: 0u64.into(),
+			session_index: 0,
+			validator_set_count,
+			offender: T::convert(offenders.pop().unwrap()),
+		};
+		assert_eq!(System::<T>::event_count(), 0);
+
+		#[block]
+		{
+			let _ = Offences::<T>::report_offence(reporters, offence);
+		}
+		#[cfg(test)]
+		{
+			assert_all_slashes_applied::<T>(n as usize);
+		}
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	impl_benchmark_test_suite!(Pallet, crate::mock::new_test_ext(), crate::mock::Test);
+}

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/benchmarking/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Offences pallet benchmarking.
+
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
+pub mod inner;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
+pub use inner::*;
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "runtime-benchmarks", test))]
+pub(crate) mod mock;

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/benchmarking/src/mock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Mock file for offences benchmarking.
+
+use pezframe_election_provider_support::{
+	bounds::{ElectionBounds, ElectionBoundsBuilder},
+	onchain, SequentialPhragmen,
+};
+use pezframe_support::{
+	derive_impl, parameter_types,
+	traits::{ConstU32, ConstU64},
+};
+use pezframe_system as system;
+use pezpallet_session::historical as pezpallet_session_historical;
+use pezsp_runtime::{
+	testing::{Header, UintAuthorityId},
+	BuildStorage, KeyTypeId, Perbill,
+};
+
+type AccountId = u64;
+
+#[derive_impl(pezframe_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pezframe_system::Config for Test {
+	type Block = Block;
+	type AccountData = pezpallet_balances::AccountData<u64>;
+}
+
+#[derive_impl(pezpallet_balances::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pezpallet_balances::Config for Test {
+	type ExistentialDeposit = ConstU64<10>;
+	type AccountStore = System;
+}
+
+impl pezpallet_timestamp::Config for Test {
+	type Moment = u64;
+	type OnTimestampSet = ();
+	type MinimumPeriod = ConstU64<5>;
+	type WeightInfo = ();
+}
+impl pezpallet_session::historical::Config for Test {
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type FullIdentification = ();
+	type FullIdentificationOf = pezpallet_staking::UnitIdentificationOf<Self>;
+}
+
+pezsp_runtime::impl_opaque_keys! {
+	pub struct SessionKeys {
+		pub foo: pezsp_runtime::testing::UintAuthorityId,
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct TestSessionHandler;
+impl pezpallet_session::SessionHandler<AccountId> for TestSessionHandler {
+	// corresponds to the opaque key id above
+	const KEY_TYPE_IDS: &'static [KeyTypeId] = &[KeyTypeId([100u8, 117u8, 109u8, 121u8])];
+
+	fn on_genesis_session<Ks: pezsp_runtime::traits::OpaqueKeys>(_validators: &[(AccountId, Ks)]) {}
+
+	fn on_new_session<Ks: pezsp_runtime::traits::OpaqueKeys>(
+		_: bool,
+		_: &[(AccountId, Ks)],
+		_: &[(AccountId, Ks)],
+	) {
+	}
+
+	fn on_disabled(_: u32) {}
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+	pub const Period: u64 = 1;
+	pub const Offset: u64 = 0;
+}
+
+impl pezpallet_session::Config for Test {
+	type SessionManager = pezpallet_session::historical::NoteHistoricalRoot<Test, Staking>;
+	type Keys = SessionKeys;
+	type ShouldEndSession = pezpallet_session::PeriodicSessions<Period, Offset>;
+	type NextSessionRotation = pezpallet_session::PeriodicSessions<Period, Offset>;
+	type SessionHandler = TestSessionHandler;
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type ValidatorId = AccountId;
+	type ValidatorIdOf = pezsp_runtime::traits::ConvertInto;
+	type DisablingStrategy = ();
+	type WeightInfo = ();
+	type Currency = Balances;
+	type KeyDeposit = ();
+}
+
+pezpallet_staking_reward_curve::build! {
+	const I_NPOS: pezsp_runtime::curve::PiecewiseLinear<'static> = curve!(
+		min_inflation: 0_025_000,
+		max_inflation: 0_100_000,
+		ideal_stake: 0_500_000,
+		falloff: 0_050_000,
+		max_piece_count: 40,
+		test_precision: 0_005_000,
+	);
+}
+parameter_types! {
+	pub const RewardCurve: &'static pezsp_runtime::curve::PiecewiseLinear<'static> = &I_NPOS;
+	pub static ElectionsBounds: ElectionBounds = ElectionBoundsBuilder::default().build();
+	pub const Sort: bool = true;
+}
+
+pub struct OnChainSeqPhragmen;
+impl onchain::Config for OnChainSeqPhragmen {
+	type System = Test;
+	type Solver = SequentialPhragmen<AccountId, Perbill>;
+	type DataProvider = Staking;
+	type WeightInfo = ();
+	type MaxWinnersPerPage = ConstU32<100>;
+	type MaxBackersPerWinner = ConstU32<100>;
+	type Sort = Sort;
+	type Bounds = ElectionsBounds;
+}
+
+#[derive_impl(pezpallet_staking::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pezpallet_staking::Config for Test {
+	type OldCurrency = Balances;
+	type Currency = Balances;
+	type CurrencyBalance = <Self as pezpallet_balances::Config>::Balance;
+	type UnixTime = pezpallet_timestamp::Pallet<Self>;
+	type AdminOrigin = pezframe_system::EnsureRoot<Self::AccountId>;
+	type SessionInterface = Self;
+	type EraPayout = pezpallet_staking::ConvertCurve<RewardCurve>;
+	type NextNewSession = Session;
+	type ElectionProvider = onchain::OnChainExecution<OnChainSeqPhragmen>;
+	type GenesisElectionProvider = Self::ElectionProvider;
+	type VoterList = pezpallet_staking::UseNominatorsAndValidatorsMap<Self>;
+	type TargetList = pezpallet_staking::UseValidatorsMap<Self>;
+}
+
+impl pezpallet_im_online::Config for Test {
+	type AuthorityId = UintAuthorityId;
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type ValidatorSet = Historical;
+	type NextSessionRotation = pezpallet_session::PeriodicSessions<Period, Offset>;
+	type ReportUnresponsiveness = Offences;
+	type UnsignedPriority = ();
+	type WeightInfo = ();
+	type MaxKeys = ConstU32<10_000>;
+	type MaxPeerInHeartbeats = ConstU32<10_000>;
+}
+
+impl pezpallet_offences::Config for Test {
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type IdentificationTuple = pezpallet_session::historical::IdentificationTuple<Self>;
+	type OnOffenceHandler = Staking;
+}
+
+impl<T> pezframe_system::offchain::CreateTransactionBase<T> for Test
+where
+	RuntimeCall: From<T>,
+{
+	type Extrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic;
+	type RuntimeCall = RuntimeCall;
+}
+
+impl<T> pezframe_system::offchain::CreateBare<T> for Test
+where
+	RuntimeCall: From<T>,
+{
+	fn create_bare(call: Self::RuntimeCall) -> Self::Extrinsic {
+		UncheckedExtrinsic::new_bare(call)
+	}
+}
+
+impl crate::Config for Test {}
+
+pub type Block = pezsp_runtime::generic::Block<Header, UncheckedExtrinsic>;
+pub type UncheckedExtrinsic = pezsp_runtime::generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<u32, RuntimeCall, u64, ()>;
+
+pezframe_support::construct_runtime!(
+	pub enum Test
+	{
+		System: system::{Pallet, Call, Event<T>},
+		Balances: pezpallet_balances,
+		Staking: pezpallet_staking,
+		Session: pezpallet_session,
+		ImOnline: pezpallet_im_online::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Event<T>, ValidateUnsigned, Config<T>},
+		Offences: pezpallet_offences::{Pallet, Storage, Event},
+		Historical: pezpallet_session_historical::{Pallet, Event<T>},
+	}
+);
+
+pub fn new_test_ext() -> pezsp_io::TestExternalities {
+	pezsp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+	let t = pezframe_system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
+	pezsp_io::TestExternalities::new(t)
+}

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! # Offences Pallet
+//!
+//! Tracks reported offences
+
+// Ensure we're `no_std` when compiling for Wasm.
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
+
+pub mod migration;
+mod mock;
+mod tests;
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use codec::Encode;
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use pezframe_support::weights::Weight;
+use pezsp_runtime::{traits::Hash, Perbill};
+use pezsp_staking::{
+	offence::{Kind, Offence, OffenceDetails, OffenceError, OnOffenceHandler, ReportOffence},
+	SessionIndex,
+};
+
+pub use pallet::*;
+
+/// A binary blob which represents a SCALE codec-encoded `O::TimeSlot`.
+type OpaqueTimeSlot = Vec<u8>;
+
+/// A type alias for a report identifier.
+type ReportIdOf<T> = <T as pezframe_system::Config>::Hash;
+
+const LOG_TARGET: &str = "runtime::offences";
+
+#[pezframe_support::pallet]
+pub mod pallet {
+	use super::*;
+	use pezframe_support::pezpallet_prelude::*;
+
+	const STORAGE_VERSION: StorageVersion = StorageVersion::new(1);
+
+	#[pallet::pallet]
+	#[pallet::storage_version(STORAGE_VERSION)]
+	#[pallet::without_storage_info]
+	pub struct Pallet<T>(_);
+
+	/// The pallet's config trait.
+	#[pallet::config]
+	pub trait Config: pezframe_system::Config {
+		/// The overarching event type.
+		#[allow(deprecated)]
+		type RuntimeEvent: From<Event> + IsType<<Self as pezframe_system::Config>::RuntimeEvent>;
+		/// Full identification of the validator.
+		type IdentificationTuple: Parameter;
+		/// A handler called for every offence report.
+		type OnOffenceHandler: OnOffenceHandler<Self::AccountId, Self::IdentificationTuple, Weight>;
+	}
+
+	/// The primary structure that holds all offence records keyed by report identifiers.
+	#[pallet::storage]
+	pub type Reports<T: Config> = StorageMap<
+		_,
+		Twox64Concat,
+		ReportIdOf<T>,
+		OffenceDetails<T::AccountId, T::IdentificationTuple>,
+	>;
+
+	/// A vector of reports of the same kind that happened at the same time slot.
+	#[pallet::storage]
+	pub type ConcurrentReportsIndex<T: Config> = StorageDoubleMap<
+		_,
+		Twox64Concat,
+		Kind,
+		Twox64Concat,
+		OpaqueTimeSlot,
+		Vec<ReportIdOf<T>>,
+		ValueQuery,
+	>;
+
+	/// Events type.
+	#[pallet::event]
+	#[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
+	pub enum Event {
+		/// There is an offence reported of the given `kind` happened at the `session_index` and
+		/// (kind-specific) time slot. This event is not deposited for duplicate slashes.
+		/// \[kind, timeslot\].
+		Offence { kind: Kind, timeslot: OpaqueTimeSlot },
+	}
+}
+
+impl<T, O> ReportOffence<T::AccountId, T::IdentificationTuple, O> for Pallet<T>
+where
+	T: Config,
+	O: Offence<T::IdentificationTuple>,
+{
+	fn report_offence(reporters: Vec<T::AccountId>, offence: O) -> Result<(), OffenceError> {
+		let offenders = offence.offenders();
+		let time_slot = offence.time_slot();
+
+		// Go through all offenders in the offence report and find all offenders that were spotted
+		// in unique reports.
+		let TriageOutcome { concurrent_offenders } =
+			match Self::triage_offence_report::<O>(reporters, &time_slot, offenders) {
+				Some(triage) => triage,
+				// The report contained only duplicates, so there is no need to slash again.
+				None => return Err(OffenceError::DuplicateReport),
+			};
+
+		let offenders_count = concurrent_offenders.len() as u32;
+
+		// The amount new offenders are slashed
+		let new_fraction = offence.slash_fraction(offenders_count);
+
+		let slash_perbill: Vec<_> = (0..concurrent_offenders.len()).map(|_| new_fraction).collect();
+
+		T::OnOffenceHandler::on_offence(
+			&concurrent_offenders,
+			&slash_perbill,
+			offence.session_index(),
+		);
+
+		// Deposit the event.
+		Self::deposit_event(Event::Offence { kind: O::ID, timeslot: time_slot.encode() });
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	fn is_known_offence(offenders: &[T::IdentificationTuple], time_slot: &O::TimeSlot) -> bool {
+		let any_unknown = offenders.iter().any(|offender| {
+			let report_id = Self::report_id::<O>(time_slot, offender);
+			!<Reports<T>>::contains_key(&report_id)
+		});
+
+		!any_unknown
+	}
+}
+
+impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
+	/// Get the offence details from reports of given ID.
+	pub fn reports(
+		report_id: ReportIdOf<T>,
+	) -> Option<OffenceDetails<T::AccountId, T::IdentificationTuple>> {
+		Reports::<T>::get(report_id)
+	}
+
+	/// Compute the ID for the given report properties.
+	///
+	/// The report id depends on the offence kind, time slot and the id of offender.
+	fn report_id<O: Offence<T::IdentificationTuple>>(
+		time_slot: &O::TimeSlot,
+		offender: &T::IdentificationTuple,
+	) -> ReportIdOf<T> {
+		(O::ID, time_slot.encode(), offender).using_encoded(T::Hashing::hash)
+	}
+
+	/// Triages the offence report and returns the set of offenders that was involved in unique
+	/// reports along with the list of the concurrent offences.
+	fn triage_offence_report<O: Offence<T::IdentificationTuple>>(
+		reporters: Vec<T::AccountId>,
+		time_slot: &O::TimeSlot,
+		offenders: Vec<T::IdentificationTuple>,
+	) -> Option<TriageOutcome<T>> {
+		let mut storage = ReportIndexStorage::<T, O>::load(time_slot);
+
+		let mut any_new = false;
+		for offender in offenders {
+			let report_id = Self::report_id::<O>(time_slot, &offender);
+
+			if !<Reports<T>>::contains_key(&report_id) {
+				any_new = true;
+				<Reports<T>>::insert(
+					&report_id,
+					OffenceDetails { offender, reporters: reporters.clone() },
+				);
+
+				storage.insert(report_id);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if any_new {
+			// Load report details for the all reports happened at the same time.
+			let concurrent_offenders = storage
+				.concurrent_reports
+				.iter()
+				.filter_map(<Reports<T>>::get)
+				.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+			storage.save();
+
+			Some(TriageOutcome { concurrent_offenders })
+		} else {
+			None
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct TriageOutcome<T: Config> {
+	/// Other reports for the same report kinds.
+	concurrent_offenders: Vec<OffenceDetails<T::AccountId, T::IdentificationTuple>>,
+}
+
+/// An auxiliary struct for working with storage of indexes localized for a specific offence
+/// kind (specified by the `O` type parameter).
+///
+/// This struct is responsible for aggregating storage writes and the underlying storage should not
+/// accessed directly meanwhile.
+#[must_use = "The changes are not saved without called `save`"]
+struct ReportIndexStorage<T: Config, O: Offence<T::IdentificationTuple>> {
+	opaque_time_slot: OpaqueTimeSlot,
+	concurrent_reports: Vec<ReportIdOf<T>>,
+	_phantom: PhantomData<O>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Config, O: Offence<T::IdentificationTuple>> ReportIndexStorage<T, O> {
+	/// Preload indexes from the storage for the specific `time_slot` and the kind of the offence.
+	fn load(time_slot: &O::TimeSlot) -> Self {
+		let opaque_time_slot = time_slot.encode();
+
+		let concurrent_reports = <ConcurrentReportsIndex<T>>::get(&O::ID, &opaque_time_slot);
+
+		Self { opaque_time_slot, concurrent_reports, _phantom: Default::default() }
+	}
+
+	/// Insert a new report to the index.
+	fn insert(&mut self, report_id: ReportIdOf<T>) {
+		// Update the list of concurrent reports.
+		self.concurrent_reports.push(report_id);
+	}
+
+	/// Dump the indexes to the storage.
+	fn save(self) {
+		<ConcurrentReportsIndex<T>>::insert(
+			&O::ID,
+			&self.opaque_time_slot,
+			&self.concurrent_reports,
+		);
+	}
+}

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/src/migration.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use super::{Config, Kind, OffenceDetails, Pallet, Perbill, SessionIndex, LOG_TARGET};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use pezframe_support::{
+	pezpallet_prelude::ValueQuery,
+	storage_alias,
+	traits::{Get, GetStorageVersion, OnRuntimeUpgrade},
+	weights::Weight,
+	Twox64Concat,
+};
+use pezsp_staking::offence::OnOffenceHandler;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "try-runtime")]
+use pezframe_support::ensure;
+#[cfg(feature = "try-runtime")]
+use pezsp_runtime::TryRuntimeError;
+
+mod v0 {
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[storage_alias]
+	pub type ReportsByKindIndex<T: Config> = StorageMap<
+		Pallet<T>,
+		Twox64Concat,
+		Kind,
+		Vec<u8>, // (O::TimeSlot, ReportIdOf<T>)
+		ValueQuery,
+	>;
+}
+
+pub mod v1 {
+	use pezframe_support::traits::StorageVersion;
+
+	use super::*;
+
+	pub struct MigrateToV1<T>(core::marker::PhantomData<T>);
+	impl<T: Config> OnRuntimeUpgrade for MigrateToV1<T> {
+		#[cfg(feature = "try-runtime")]
+		fn pre_upgrade() -> Result<Vec<u8>, TryRuntimeError> {
+			log::info!(
+				target: LOG_TARGET,
+				"Number of reports to refund and delete: {}",
+				v0::ReportsByKindIndex::<T>::iter_keys().count()
+			);
+
+			Ok(Vec::new())
+		}
+
+		fn on_runtime_upgrade() -> Weight {
+			if Pallet::<T>::on_chain_storage_version() > 0 {
+				log::info!(target: LOG_TARGET, "pezpallet_offences::MigrateToV1 should be removed");
+				return T::DbWeight::get().reads(1);
+			}
+
+			let keys_removed = v0::ReportsByKindIndex::<T>::clear(u32::MAX, None).unique as u64;
+			StorageVersion::new(1).put::<Pallet<T>>();
+
+			// + 1 for reading/writing the new storage version
+			T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(keys_removed + 1, keys_removed + 1)
+		}
+
+		#[cfg(feature = "try-runtime")]
+		fn post_upgrade(_state: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), TryRuntimeError> {
+			let onchain = Pallet::<T>::on_chain_storage_version();
+			ensure!(onchain == 1, "pezpallet_offences::MigrateToV1 needs to be run");
+			ensure!(
+				v0::ReportsByKindIndex::<T>::iter_keys().count() == 0,
+				"there are some dangling reports that need to be destroyed and refunded"
+			);
+			Ok(())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/// Type of data stored as a deferred offence
+type DeferredOffenceOf<T> = (
+	Vec<OffenceDetails<<T as pezframe_system::Config>::AccountId, <T as Config>::IdentificationTuple>>,
+	Vec<Perbill>,
+	SessionIndex,
+);
+
+// Deferred reports that have been rejected by the offence handler and need to be submitted
+// at a later time.
+#[storage_alias]
+type DeferredOffences<T: Config> =
+	StorageValue<crate::Pallet<T>, Vec<DeferredOffenceOf<T>>, ValueQuery>;
+
+pub fn remove_deferred_storage<T: Config>() -> Weight {
+	let mut weight = T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1);
+	let deferred = <DeferredOffences<T>>::take();
+	log::info!(target: LOG_TARGET, "have {} deferred offences, applying.", deferred.len());
+	for (offences, perbill, session) in deferred.iter() {
+		let consumed = T::OnOffenceHandler::on_offence(offences, perbill, *session);
+		weight = weight.saturating_add(consumed);
+	}
+
+	weight
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+	use super::*;
+	use crate::mock::{new_test_ext, with_on_offence_fractions, Runtime as T, KIND};
+	use codec::Encode;
+	use pezsp_runtime::Perbill;
+	use pezsp_staking::offence::OffenceDetails;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn migration_to_v1_works() {
+		let mut ext = new_test_ext();
+
+		ext.execute_with(|| {
+			<v0::ReportsByKindIndex<T>>::insert(KIND, 2u32.encode());
+			assert!(<v0::ReportsByKindIndex<T>>::iter_values().count() > 0);
+		});
+
+		ext.commit_all().unwrap();
+
+		ext.execute_with(|| {
+			assert_eq!(
+				v1::MigrateToV1::<T>::on_runtime_upgrade(),
+				<T as pezframe_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(2, 2),
+			);
+
+			assert!(<v0::ReportsByKindIndex<T>>::iter_values().count() == 0);
+		})
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn should_resubmit_deferred_offences() {
+		new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+			// given
+			assert_eq!(<DeferredOffences<T>>::get().len(), 0);
+			with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+				assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![]);
+			});
+
+			let offence_details = OffenceDetails::<
+				<T as pezframe_system::Config>::AccountId,
+				<T as Config>::IdentificationTuple,
+			> {
+				offender: 5,
+				reporters: vec![],
+			};
+
+			// push deferred offence
+			<DeferredOffences<T>>::append((
+				vec![offence_details],
+				vec![Perbill::from_percent(5 + 1 * 100 / 5)],
+				1,
+			));
+
+			// when
+			assert_eq!(
+				remove_deferred_storage::<T>(),
+				<T as pezframe_system::Config>::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1),
+			);
+
+			// then
+			assert!(!<DeferredOffences<T>>::exists());
+			with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+				assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(5 + 1 * 100 / 5)]);
+			});
+		})
+	}
+}

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/src/mock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Test utilities
+
+#![cfg(test)]
+
+use crate as offences;
+use crate::Config;
+use codec::Encode;
+use pezframe_support::{
+	derive_impl, parameter_types,
+	traits::ConstU32,
+	weights::{constants::RocksDbWeight, Weight},
+};
+use pezsp_runtime::{traits::IdentityLookup, BuildStorage, Perbill};
+use pezsp_staking::{
+	offence::{self, Kind, OffenceDetails},
+	SessionIndex,
+};
+
+pub struct OnOffenceHandler;
+
+parameter_types! {
+	pub static OnOffencePerbill: Vec<Perbill> = Default::default();
+	pub static OffenceWeight: Weight = Default::default();
+}
+
+impl<Reporter, Offender> offence::OnOffenceHandler<Reporter, Offender, Weight>
+	for OnOffenceHandler
+{
+	fn on_offence(
+		_offenders: &[OffenceDetails<Reporter, Offender>],
+		slash_fraction: &[Perbill],
+		_offence_session: SessionIndex,
+	) -> Weight {
+		OnOffencePerbill::mutate(|f| {
+			*f = slash_fraction.to_vec();
+		});
+
+		OffenceWeight::get()
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn with_on_offence_fractions<R, F: FnOnce(&mut Vec<Perbill>) -> R>(f: F) -> R {
+	OnOffencePerbill::mutate(|fractions| f(fractions))
+}
+
+type Block = pezframe_system::mocking::MockBlock<Runtime>;
+
+pezframe_support::construct_runtime!(
+	pub enum Runtime {
+		System: pezframe_system,
+		Offences: offences,
+	}
+);
+
+#[derive_impl(pezframe_system::config_preludes::TestDefaultConfig)]
+impl pezframe_system::Config for Runtime {
+	type Nonce = u64;
+	type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
+	type Block = Block;
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type DbWeight = RocksDbWeight;
+	type MaxConsumers = ConstU32<16>;
+}
+
+impl Config for Runtime {
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type IdentificationTuple = u64;
+	type OnOffenceHandler = OnOffenceHandler;
+}
+
+pub fn new_test_ext() -> pezsp_io::TestExternalities {
+	let t = pezframe_system::GenesisConfig::<Runtime>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
+	let mut ext = pezsp_io::TestExternalities::new(t);
+	ext.execute_with(|| System::set_block_number(1));
+	ext
+}
+
+pub const KIND: [u8; 16] = *b"test_report_1234";
+
+/// Returns all offence details for the specific `kind` happened at the specific time slot.
+pub fn offence_reports(kind: Kind, time_slot: u128) -> Vec<OffenceDetails<u64, u64>> {
+	<crate::ConcurrentReportsIndex<Runtime>>::get(&kind, &time_slot.encode())
+		.into_iter()
+		.map(|report_id| {
+			<crate::Reports<Runtime>>::get(&report_id)
+				.expect("dangling report id is found in ConcurrentReportsIndex")
+		})
+		.collect()
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Offence {
+	pub validator_set_count: u32,
+	pub offenders: Vec<u64>,
+	pub time_slot: u128,
+}
+
+impl offence::Offence<u64> for Offence {
+	const ID: offence::Kind = KIND;
+	type TimeSlot = u128;
+
+	fn offenders(&self) -> Vec<u64> {
+		self.offenders.clone()
+	}
+
+	fn validator_set_count(&self) -> u32 {
+		self.validator_set_count
+	}
+
+	fn time_slot(&self) -> u128 {
+		self.time_slot
+	}
+
+	fn session_index(&self) -> SessionIndex {
+		1
+	}
+
+	fn slash_fraction(&self, offenders_count: u32) -> Perbill {
+		Perbill::from_percent(5 + offenders_count * 100 / self.validator_set_count)
+	}
+}

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/src/tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Tests for the offences module.
+
+#![cfg(test)]
+
+use super::*;
+use crate::mock::{
+	new_test_ext, offence_reports, with_on_offence_fractions, Offence, Offences, Runtime,
+	RuntimeEvent, System, KIND,
+};
+use pezframe_system::{EventRecord, Phase};
+use pezsp_core::H256;
+use pezsp_runtime::Perbill;
+
+#[test]
+fn should_get_reports_with_storagemap_getter_and_function_getter() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let report_id: ReportIdOf<Runtime> = H256::from_low_u64_be(1);
+		let offence_details = OffenceDetails { offender: 1, reporters: vec![2, 3] };
+
+		Reports::<Runtime>::insert(report_id, offence_details.clone());
+
+		// when
+		let stored_offence_details = Offences::reports(report_id);
+		// then
+		assert_eq!(stored_offence_details, Some(offence_details.clone()));
+
+		// when
+		let stored_offence_details = Reports::<Runtime>::get(report_id);
+		// then
+		assert_eq!(stored_offence_details, Some(offence_details.clone()));
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_report_an_authority_and_trigger_on_offence() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let offence = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![5] };
+
+		// when
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence).unwrap();
+
+		// then
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(25)]);
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_not_report_the_same_authority_twice_in_the_same_slot() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let offence = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![5] };
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence.clone()).unwrap();
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(25)]);
+			f.clear();
+		});
+
+		// when
+		// report for the second time
+		assert_eq!(Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence), Err(OffenceError::DuplicateReport));
+
+		// then
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![]);
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_report_in_different_time_slot() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let mut offence = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![5] };
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence.clone()).unwrap();
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(25)]);
+			f.clear();
+		});
+
+		// when
+		// report for the second time
+		offence.time_slot += 1;
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence).unwrap();
+
+		// then
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(25)]);
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_deposit_event() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let offence = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![5] };
+
+		// when
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence).unwrap();
+
+		// then
+		assert_eq!(
+			System::events(),
+			vec![EventRecord {
+				phase: Phase::Initialization,
+				event: RuntimeEvent::Offences(crate::Event::Offence {
+					kind: KIND,
+					timeslot: time_slot.encode()
+				}),
+				topics: vec![],
+			}]
+		);
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn doesnt_deposit_event_for_dups() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let offence = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![5] };
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence.clone()).unwrap();
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(25)]);
+			f.clear();
+		});
+
+		// when
+		// report for the second time
+		assert_eq!(Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence), Err(OffenceError::DuplicateReport));
+
+		// then
+		// there is only one event.
+		assert_eq!(
+			System::events(),
+			vec![EventRecord {
+				phase: Phase::Initialization,
+				event: RuntimeEvent::Offences(crate::Event::Offence {
+					kind: KIND,
+					timeslot: time_slot.encode()
+				}),
+				topics: vec![],
+			}]
+		);
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn reports_if_an_offence_is_dup() {
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let offence =
+			|time_slot, offenders| Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders };
+
+		let mut test_offence = offence(time_slot, vec![0]);
+
+		// the report for authority 0 at time slot 42 should not be a known
+		// offence
+		assert!(!<Offences as ReportOffence<_, _, Offence>>::is_known_offence(
+			&test_offence.offenders,
+			&test_offence.time_slot
+		));
+
+		// we report an offence for authority 0 at time slot 42
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], test_offence.clone()).unwrap();
+
+		// the same report should be a known offence now
+		assert!(<Offences as ReportOffence<_, _, Offence>>::is_known_offence(
+			&test_offence.offenders,
+			&test_offence.time_slot
+		));
+
+		// and reporting it again should yield a duplicate report error
+		assert_eq!(
+			Offences::report_offence(vec![], test_offence.clone()),
+			Err(OffenceError::DuplicateReport)
+		);
+
+		// after adding a new offender to the offence report
+		test_offence.offenders.push(1);
+
+		// it should not be a known offence anymore
+		assert!(!<Offences as ReportOffence<_, _, Offence>>::is_known_offence(
+			&test_offence.offenders,
+			&test_offence.time_slot
+		));
+
+		// and reporting it again should work without any error
+		assert_eq!(Offences::report_offence(vec![], test_offence.clone()), Ok(()));
+
+		// creating a new offence for the same authorities on the next slot
+		// should be considered a new offence and therefore not known
+		let test_offence_next_slot = offence(time_slot + 1, vec![0, 1]);
+		assert!(!<Offences as ReportOffence<_, _, Offence>>::is_known_offence(
+			&test_offence_next_slot.offenders,
+			&test_offence_next_slot.time_slot
+		));
+	});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn should_properly_count_offences() {
+	// We report two different authorities for the same issue. Ultimately, the 1st authority
+	// should have `count` equal 2 and the count of the 2nd one should be equal to 1.
+	new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
+		// given
+		let time_slot = 42;
+		assert_eq!(offence_reports(KIND, time_slot), vec![]);
+
+		let offence1 = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![5] };
+		let offence2 = Offence { validator_set_count: 5, time_slot, offenders: vec![4] };
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence1).unwrap();
+		with_on_offence_fractions(|f| {
+			assert_eq!(f.clone(), vec![Perbill::from_percent(25)]);
+			f.clear();
+		});
+
+		// when
+		// report for the second time
+		Offences::report_offence(vec![], offence2).unwrap();
+
+		// then
+		// the 1st authority should have count 2 and the 2nd one should be reported only once.
+		assert_eq!(
+			offence_reports(KIND, time_slot),
+			vec![
+				OffenceDetails { offender: 5, reporters: vec![] },
+				OffenceDetails { offender: 4, reporters: vec![] },
+			]
+		);
+	});
+}

bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/src/weights.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// This file is part of Bizinikiwi.
+
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Autogenerated weights for `pezpallet_offences`
+//!
+//! THIS FILE WAS AUTO-GENERATED USING THE BIZINIKIWI BENCHMARK CLI VERSION 32.0.0
+//! DATE: 2025-02-21, STEPS: `50`, REPEAT: `20`, LOW RANGE: `[]`, HIGH RANGE: `[]`
+//! WORST CASE MAP SIZE: `1000000`
+//! HOSTNAME: `4563561839a5`, CPU: `Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU @ 2.60GHz`
+//! WASM-EXECUTION: `Compiled`, CHAIN: `None`, DB CACHE: `1024`
+
+// Executed Command:
+// frame-omni-bencher
+// v1
+// benchmark
+// pallet
+// --extrinsic=*
+// --runtime=target/production/wbuild/kitchensink-runtime/kitchensink_runtime.wasm
+// --pallet=pezpallet_offences
+// --header=/__w/pezkuwi-sdk/pezkuwi-sdk/bizinikiwi/HEADER-APACHE2
+// --output=/__w/pezkuwi-sdk/pezkuwi-sdk/bizinikiwi/pezframe/offences/src/weights.rs
+// --wasm-execution=compiled
+// --steps=50
+// --repeat=20
+// --heap-pages=4096
+// --template=bizinikiwi/.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs
+// --no-storage-info
+// --no-min-squares
+// --no-median-slopes
+// --genesis-builder-policy=none
+// --exclude-pallets=pezpallet_xcm,pezpallet_xcm_benchmarks::fungible,pezpallet_xcm_benchmarks::generic,pezpallet_nomination_pools,pezpallet_remark,pezpallet_transaction_storage,pezpallet_election_provider_multi_block,pezpallet_election_provider_multi_block::signed,pezpallet_election_provider_multi_block::unsigned,pezpallet_election_provider_multi_block::verifier
+
+#![cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
+#![allow(unused_parens)]
+#![allow(unused_imports)]
+#![allow(missing_docs)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use pezframe_support::{traits::Get, weights::{Weight, constants::RocksDbWeight}};
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+/// Weight functions needed for `pezpallet_offences`.
+pub trait WeightInfo {
+	fn report_offence_grandpa(n: u32, ) -> Weight;
+	fn report_offence_babe(n: u32, ) -> Weight;
+}
+
+/// Weights for `pezpallet_offences` using the Bizinikiwi node and recommended hardware.
+pub struct BizinikiwiWeight<T>(PhantomData<T>);
+impl<T: pezframe_system::Config> WeightInfo for BizinikiwiWeight<T> {
+	/// Storage: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Offences::Reports` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::Reports` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ActiveEra` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ActiveEra` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(13), added: 508, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(16), added: 2491, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::Invulnerables` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::Invulnerables` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(641), added: 1136, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(92), added: 2567, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::DisabledValidators` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Session::DisabledValidators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::Validators` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Session::Validators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(72), added: 2547, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(101), added: 2576, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(2690), added: 3185, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// The range of component `n` is `[0, 16]`.
+	fn report_offence_grandpa(n: u32, ) -> Weight {
+		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
+		//  Measured:  `424`
+		//  Estimated: `4175 + n * (1 ±0)`
+		// Minimum execution time: 39_455_000 picoseconds.
+		Weight::from_parts(41_709_372, 4175)
+			// Standard Error: 5_442
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(438_959, 0).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(11_u64))
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(6_u64))
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 1).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+	}
+	/// Storage: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Offences::Reports` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::Reports` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ActiveEra` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ActiveEra` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(13), added: 508, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(16), added: 2491, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::Invulnerables` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::Invulnerables` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(641), added: 1136, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(92), added: 2567, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::DisabledValidators` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Session::DisabledValidators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::Validators` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Session::Validators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(72), added: 2547, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(101), added: 2576, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(2690), added: 3185, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// The range of component `n` is `[0, 16]`.
+	fn report_offence_babe(n: u32, ) -> Weight {
+		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
+		//  Measured:  `424`
+		//  Estimated: `4175 + n * (1 ±0)`
+		// Minimum execution time: 39_396_000 picoseconds.
+		Weight::from_parts(41_490_043, 4175)
+			// Standard Error: 4_716
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(433_178, 0).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(11_u64))
+			.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(6_u64))
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 1).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+	}
+}
+
+// For backwards compatibility and tests.
+impl WeightInfo for () {
+	/// Storage: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Offences::Reports` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::Reports` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ActiveEra` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ActiveEra` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(13), added: 508, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(16), added: 2491, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::Invulnerables` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::Invulnerables` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(641), added: 1136, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(92), added: 2567, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::DisabledValidators` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Session::DisabledValidators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::Validators` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Session::Validators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(72), added: 2547, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(101), added: 2576, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(2690), added: 3185, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// The range of component `n` is `[0, 16]`.
+	fn report_offence_grandpa(n: u32, ) -> Weight {
+		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
+		//  Measured:  `424`
+		//  Estimated: `4175 + n * (1 ±0)`
+		// Minimum execution time: 39_455_000 picoseconds.
+		Weight::from_parts(41_709_372, 4175)
+			// Standard Error: 5_442
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(438_959, 0).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(11_u64))
+			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(6_u64))
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 1).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+	}
+	/// Storage: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::ConcurrentReportsIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Offences::Reports` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Offences::Reports` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ActiveEra` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ActiveEra` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(13), added: 508, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStartSessionIndex` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(16), added: 2491, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::Invulnerables` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::Invulnerables` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(641), added: 1136, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ErasStakersOverview` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(92), added: 2567, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::DisabledValidators` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Session::DisabledValidators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Session::Validators` (r:1 w:0)
+	/// Proof: `Session::Validators` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: None, mode: `Measured`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::ValidatorSlashInEra` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(72), added: 2547, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueue` (`max_values`: None, `max_size`: Some(101), added: 2576, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// Storage: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (r:1 w:1)
+	/// Proof: `Staking::OffenceQueueEras` (`max_values`: Some(1), `max_size`: Some(2690), added: 3185, mode: `MaxEncodedLen`)
+	/// The range of component `n` is `[0, 16]`.
+	fn report_offence_babe(n: u32, ) -> Weight {
+		// Proof Size summary in bytes:
+		//  Measured:  `424`
+		//  Estimated: `4175 + n * (1 ±0)`
+		// Minimum execution time: 39_396_000 picoseconds.
+		Weight::from_parts(41_490_043, 4175)
+			// Standard Error: 4_716
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(433_178, 0).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(11_u64))
+			.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(6_u64))
+			.saturating_add(Weight::from_parts(0, 1).saturating_mul(n.into()))
+	}
+}