feat: initialize Kurdistan SDK - independent fork of Polkadot SDK

pezkuwi/node/test/service/src/chain_spec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Pezkuwi.
+
+// Pezkuwi is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Pezkuwi is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Pezkuwi.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Chain specifications for the test runtime.
+
+use pallet_staking::Forcing;
+use pezkuwi_primitives::{
+	node_features, AccountId, AssignmentId, NodeFeatures, SchedulerParams, ValidatorId,
+	MAX_CODE_SIZE, MAX_POV_SIZE,
+};
+use pezkuwi_service::chain_spec::Extensions;
+use pezkuwi_test_runtime::BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG;
+use sc_chain_spec::{ChainSpec, ChainType};
+use sc_consensus_grandpa::AuthorityId as GrandpaId;
+use sp_authority_discovery::AuthorityId as AuthorityDiscoveryId;
+use sp_consensus_babe::AuthorityId as BabeId;
+use sp_core::{crypto::get_public_from_string_or_panic, sr25519};
+use sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
+use sp_runtime::Perbill;
+use test_runtime_constants::currency::DOTS;
+
+const DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ID: &str = "hez";
+
+/// The `ChainSpec` parameterized for pezkuwi test runtime.
+pub type PezkuwiChainSpec = sc_service::GenericChainSpec<Extensions>;
+
+/// Returns the properties for the [`PezkuwiChainSpec`].
+pub fn pezkuwi_chain_spec_properties() -> serde_json::map::Map<String, serde_json::Value> {
+	serde_json::json!({
+		"tokenDecimals": 10,
+	})
+	.as_object()
+	.expect("Map given; qed")
+	.clone()
+}
+
+/// Local testnet config (multivalidator Alice + Bob)
+pub fn pezkuwi_local_testnet_config() -> PezkuwiChainSpec {
+	PezkuwiChainSpec::builder(
+		pezkuwi_test_runtime::WASM_BINARY.expect("Wasm binary must be built for testing"),
+		Default::default(),
+	)
+	.with_name("Local Testnet")
+	.with_id("local_testnet")
+	.with_chain_type(ChainType::Local)
+	.with_genesis_config_patch(pezkuwi_local_testnet_genesis())
+	.with_protocol_id(DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ID)
+	.with_properties(pezkuwi_chain_spec_properties())
+	.build()
+}
+
+/// Local testnet genesis config (multivalidator Alice + Bob)
+pub fn pezkuwi_local_testnet_genesis() -> serde_json::Value {
+	pezkuwi_testnet_genesis(
+		vec![get_authority_keys_from_seed("Alice"), get_authority_keys_from_seed("Bob")],
+		Sr25519Keyring::Alice.to_account_id(),
+		None,
+	)
+}
+
+/// Helper function to generate stash, controller and session key from seed
+fn get_authority_keys_from_seed(
+	seed: &str,
+) -> (AccountId, AccountId, BabeId, GrandpaId, ValidatorId, AssignmentId, AuthorityDiscoveryId) {
+	(
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<sr25519::Public>(&format!("{}//stash", seed)).into(),
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<sr25519::Public>(seed).into(),
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<BabeId>(seed),
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<GrandpaId>(seed),
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<ValidatorId>(seed),
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<AssignmentId>(seed),
+		get_public_from_string_or_panic::<AuthorityDiscoveryId>(seed),
+	)
+}
+
+fn testnet_accounts() -> Vec<AccountId> {
+	Sr25519Keyring::well_known().map(|k| k.to_account_id()).collect()
+}
+
+/// Helper function to create pezkuwi `RuntimeGenesisConfig` for testing
+fn pezkuwi_testnet_genesis(
+	initial_authorities: Vec<(
+		AccountId,
+		AccountId,
+		BabeId,
+		GrandpaId,
+		ValidatorId,
+		AssignmentId,
+		AuthorityDiscoveryId,
+	)>,
+	root_key: AccountId,
+	endowed_accounts: Option<Vec<AccountId>>,
+) -> serde_json::Value {
+	use pezkuwi_test_runtime as runtime;
+
+	let endowed_accounts: Vec<AccountId> = endowed_accounts.unwrap_or_else(testnet_accounts);
+
+	const ENDOWMENT: u128 = 1_000_000 * DOTS;
+	const STASH: u128 = 100 * DOTS;
+
+	// Prepare node features with V2 receipts
+	// and elastic scaling enabled.
+	let mut node_features = NodeFeatures::new();
+	node_features.resize(node_features::FeatureIndex::FirstUnassigned as usize + 1, false);
+
+	node_features.set(node_features::FeatureIndex::CandidateReceiptV2 as u8 as usize, true);
+	node_features.set(node_features::FeatureIndex::ElasticScalingMVP as u8 as usize, true);
+
+	serde_json::json!({
+		"balances": {
+			"balances": endowed_accounts.iter().map(|k| (k.clone(), ENDOWMENT)).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+		},
+		"session": {
+			"keys": initial_authorities
+				.iter()
+				.map(|x| {
+					(
+						x.0.clone(),
+						x.0.clone(),
+						runtime::SessionKeys {
+							babe: x.2.clone(),
+							grandpa: x.3.clone(),
+							para_validator: x.4.clone(),
+							para_assignment: x.5.clone(),
+							authority_discovery: x.6.clone(),
+						},
+					)
+				})
+				.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+		},
+		"staking": {
+			"minimumValidatorCount": 1,
+			"validatorCount": 2,
+			"stakers": initial_authorities
+				.iter()
+				.map(|x| (x.0.clone(), x.0.clone(), STASH, runtime::StakerStatus::<AccountId>::Validator))
+				.collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+			"invulnerables": initial_authorities.iter().map(|x| x.0.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+			"forceEra": Forcing::NotForcing,
+			"slashRewardFraction": Perbill::from_percent(10),
+		},
+		"babe": {
+			"epochConfig": Some(BABE_GENESIS_EPOCH_CONFIG),
+		},
+		"sudo": { "key": Some(root_key) },
+		"configuration": {
+			"config": pezkuwi_runtime_teyrchains::configuration::HostConfiguration {
+				validation_upgrade_cooldown: 10u32,
+				validation_upgrade_delay: 5,
+				code_retention_period: 1200,
+				max_code_size: MAX_CODE_SIZE,
+				max_pov_size: MAX_POV_SIZE,
+				max_head_data_size: 32 * 1024,
+				no_show_slots: 10,
+				minimum_validation_upgrade_delay: 5,
+				max_downward_message_size: 1024,
+				node_features,
+				scheduler_params: SchedulerParams {
+					group_rotation_frequency: 20,
+					paras_availability_period: 4,
+					..Default::default()
+				},
+				..Default::default()
+			},
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+/// Can be called for a `Configuration` to check if it is a configuration for the `Test` network.
+pub trait IdentifyVariant {
+	/// Returns if this is a configuration for the `Test` network.
+	fn is_test(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+impl IdentifyVariant for Box<dyn ChainSpec> {
+	fn is_test(&self) -> bool {
+		self.id().starts_with("test")
+	}
+}

pezkuwi/node/test/service/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Pezkuwi.
+
+// Pezkuwi is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Pezkuwi is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Pezkuwi.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Pezkuwi test service only.
+
+#![warn(missing_docs)]
+
+pub mod chain_spec;
+
+pub use chain_spec::*;
+use futures::{future::Future, stream::StreamExt};
+use pezkuwi_node_primitives::{CollationGenerationConfig, CollatorFn};
+use pezkuwi_node_subsystem::messages::{CollationGenerationMessage, CollatorProtocolMessage};
+use pezkuwi_overseer::Handle;
+use pezkuwi_primitives::{Balance, CollatorPair, HeadData, Id as ParaId, ValidationCode};
+use pezkuwi_runtime_common::BlockHashCount;
+use pezkuwi_runtime_teyrchains::paras::{ParaGenesisArgs, ParaKind};
+use pezkuwi_service::{Error, FullClient, IsTeyrchainNode, NewFull, OverseerGen, PrometheusConfig};
+use pezkuwi_test_runtime::{
+	ParasCall, ParasSudoWrapperCall, Runtime, SignedPayload, SudoCall, TxExtension,
+	UncheckedExtrinsic, VERSION,
+};
+
+use sc_chain_spec::ChainSpec;
+use sc_client_api::BlockchainEvents;
+use sc_network::{
+	config::{NetworkConfiguration, TransportConfig},
+	multiaddr,
+	service::traits::NetworkService,
+	NetworkStateInfo,
+};
+use sc_service::{
+	config::{
+		DatabaseSource, KeystoreConfig, MultiaddrWithPeerId, RpcBatchRequestConfig,
+		WasmExecutionMethod, WasmtimeInstantiationStrategy,
+	},
+	BasePath, BlocksPruning, Configuration, Role, RpcHandlers, TaskManager,
+};
+use sp_arithmetic::traits::SaturatedConversion;
+use sp_blockchain::HeaderBackend;
+use sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
+use sp_runtime::{codec::Encode, generic, traits::IdentifyAccount, MultiSigner};
+use sp_state_machine::BasicExternalities;
+use std::{
+	collections::HashSet,
+	net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr},
+	path::PathBuf,
+	sync::Arc,
+};
+use substrate_test_client::{
+	BlockchainEventsExt, RpcHandlersExt, RpcTransactionError, RpcTransactionOutput,
+};
+
+/// The client type being used by the test service.
+pub type Client = FullClient;
+
+pub use pezkuwi_service::{FullBackend, GetLastTimestamp};
+use sc_service::config::{ExecutorConfiguration, RpcConfiguration};
+
+/// Create a new full node.
+#[sc_tracing::logging::prefix_logs_with(custom_log_prefix.unwrap_or(config.network.node_name.as_str()))]
+pub fn new_full<OverseerGenerator: OverseerGen>(
+	config: Configuration,
+	is_teyrchain_node: IsTeyrchainNode,
+	workers_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+	overseer_gen: OverseerGenerator,
+	custom_log_prefix: Option<&'static str>,
+) -> Result<NewFull, Error> {
+	let workers_path = Some(workers_path.unwrap_or_else(get_relative_workers_path_for_test));
+
+	let params = pezkuwi_service::NewFullParams {
+		is_teyrchain_node,
+		enable_beefy: true,
+		force_authoring_backoff: false,
+		telemetry_worker_handle: None,
+		node_version: None,
+		secure_validator_mode: false,
+		workers_path,
+		workers_names: None,
+		overseer_gen,
+		overseer_message_channel_capacity_override: None,
+		malus_finality_delay: None,
+		hwbench: None,
+		execute_workers_max_num: None,
+		prepare_workers_hard_max_num: None,
+		prepare_workers_soft_max_num: None,
+		keep_finalized_for: None,
+		invulnerable_ah_collators: HashSet::new(),
+		collator_protocol_hold_off: None,
+	};
+
+	match config.network.network_backend {
+		sc_network::config::NetworkBackendType::Libp2p =>
+			pezkuwi_service::new_full::<_, sc_network::NetworkWorker<_, _>>(config, params),
+		sc_network::config::NetworkBackendType::Litep2p =>
+			pezkuwi_service::new_full::<_, sc_network::Litep2pNetworkBackend>(config, params),
+	}
+}
+
+fn get_relative_workers_path_for_test() -> PathBuf {
+	// If no explicit worker path is passed in, we need to specify it ourselves as test binaries
+	// are in the "deps/" directory, one level below where the worker binaries are generated.
+	let mut exe_path = std::env::current_exe()
+		.expect("for test purposes it's reasonable to expect that this will not fail");
+	let _ = exe_path.pop();
+	let _ = exe_path.pop();
+	exe_path
+}
+
+/// Returns a prometheus config usable for testing.
+pub fn test_prometheus_config(port: u16) -> PrometheusConfig {
+	PrometheusConfig::new_with_default_registry(
+		SocketAddr::new(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST.into(), port),
+		"test-chain".to_string(),
+	)
+}
+
+/// Create a Pezkuwi `Configuration`.
+///
+/// By default a TCP socket will be used, therefore you need to provide boot
+/// nodes if you want the future node to be connected to other nodes.
+///
+/// The `storage_update_func` function will be executed in an externalities provided environment
+/// and can be used to make adjustments to the runtime genesis storage.
+pub fn node_config(
+	storage_update_func: impl Fn(),
+	tokio_handle: tokio::runtime::Handle,
+	key: Sr25519Keyring,
+	boot_nodes: Vec<MultiaddrWithPeerId>,
+	is_validator: bool,
+) -> Configuration {
+	let base_path = BasePath::new_temp_dir().expect("could not create temporary directory");
+	let root = base_path.path().join(key.to_string());
+	let role = if is_validator { Role::Authority } else { Role::Full };
+	let key_seed = key.to_seed();
+	let mut spec = pezkuwi_local_testnet_config();
+	let mut storage = spec.as_storage_builder().build_storage().expect("could not build storage");
+
+	BasicExternalities::execute_with_storage(&mut storage, storage_update_func);
+	spec.set_storage(storage);
+
+	let mut network_config = NetworkConfiguration::new(
+		key_seed.to_string(),
+		"network/test/0.1",
+		Default::default(),
+		None,
+	);
+
+	network_config.boot_nodes = boot_nodes;
+
+	network_config.allow_non_globals_in_dht = true;
+
+	// Libp2p needs to know the local address on which it should listen for incoming connections,
+	// while Litep2p will use `/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/0` by default.
+	let addr: multiaddr::Multiaddr = "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/0".parse().expect("valid address; qed");
+	network_config.listen_addresses.push(addr.clone());
+	network_config.public_addresses.push(addr);
+	network_config.transport =
+		TransportConfig::Normal { enable_mdns: false, allow_private_ip: true };
+
+	Configuration {
+		impl_name: "pezkuwi-test-node".to_string(),
+		impl_version: "0.1".to_string(),
+		role,
+		tokio_handle,
+		transaction_pool: Default::default(),
+		network: network_config,
+		keystore: KeystoreConfig::InMemory,
+		database: DatabaseSource::RocksDb { path: root.join("db"), cache_size: 128 },
+		trie_cache_maximum_size: Some(64 * 1024 * 1024),
+		warm_up_trie_cache: None,
+		state_pruning: Default::default(),
+		blocks_pruning: BlocksPruning::KeepFinalized,
+		chain_spec: Box::new(spec),
+		executor: ExecutorConfiguration {
+			wasm_method: WasmExecutionMethod::Compiled {
+				instantiation_strategy: WasmtimeInstantiationStrategy::PoolingCopyOnWrite,
+			},
+			..ExecutorConfiguration::default()
+		},
+		wasm_runtime_overrides: Default::default(),
+		rpc: RpcConfiguration {
+			addr: Default::default(),
+			max_request_size: Default::default(),
+			max_response_size: Default::default(),
+			max_connections: Default::default(),
+			cors: None,
+			methods: Default::default(),
+			id_provider: None,
+			max_subs_per_conn: Default::default(),
+			port: 9944,
+			message_buffer_capacity: Default::default(),
+			batch_config: RpcBatchRequestConfig::Unlimited,
+			rate_limit: None,
+			rate_limit_whitelisted_ips: Default::default(),
+			rate_limit_trust_proxy_headers: Default::default(),
+			request_logger_limit: 1024,
+		},
+		prometheus_config: None,
+		telemetry_endpoints: None,
+		offchain_worker: Default::default(),
+		force_authoring: false,
+		disable_grandpa: false,
+		dev_key_seed: Some(key_seed),
+		tracing_targets: None,
+		tracing_receiver: Default::default(),
+		announce_block: true,
+		data_path: root,
+		base_path,
+	}
+}
+
+/// Get the listen multiaddr from the network service.
+///
+/// The address is used to connect to the node.
+pub async fn get_listen_address(network: Arc<dyn NetworkService>) -> sc_network::Multiaddr {
+	loop {
+		// Litep2p provides instantly the listen address of the TCP protocol and
+		// ditched the `/0` port used by the `node_config` function.
+		//
+		// Libp2p backend needs to be polled in a separate tokio task a few times
+		// before the listen address is available. The address is made available
+		// through the `SwarmEvent::NewListenAddr` event.
+		let listen_addresses = network.listen_addresses();
+
+		// The network backend must produce a valid TCP port.
+		match listen_addresses.into_iter().find(|addr| {
+			addr.iter().any(|protocol| match protocol {
+				multiaddr::Protocol::Tcp(port) => port > 0,
+				_ => false,
+			})
+		}) {
+			Some(multiaddr) => return multiaddr,
+			None => {
+				tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+				continue;
+			},
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/// Run a test validator node that uses the test runtime and specified `config`.
+pub async fn run_validator_node(
+	config: Configuration,
+	worker_program_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> PezkuwiTestNode {
+	let NewFull { task_manager, client, network, rpc_handlers, overseer_handle, .. } = new_full(
+		config,
+		IsTeyrchainNode::No,
+		worker_program_path,
+		pezkuwi_service::ValidatorOverseerGen,
+		None,
+	)
+	.expect("could not create Pezkuwi test service");
+
+	let overseer_handle = overseer_handle.expect("test node must have an overseer handle");
+	let peer_id = network.local_peer_id();
+	let multiaddr = get_listen_address(network).await;
+
+	let addr = MultiaddrWithPeerId { multiaddr, peer_id };
+
+	PezkuwiTestNode { task_manager, client, overseer_handle, addr, rpc_handlers }
+}
+
+/// Run a test collator node that uses the test runtime.
+///
+/// The node will be using an in-memory socket, therefore you need to provide boot nodes if you
+/// want it to be connected to other nodes.
+///
+/// The `storage_update_func` function will be executed in an externalities provided environment
+/// and can be used to make adjustments to the runtime genesis storage.
+///
+/// # Note
+///
+/// The collator functionality still needs to be registered at the node! This can be done using
+/// [`PezkuwiTestNode::register_collator`].
+pub async fn run_collator_node(
+	tokio_handle: tokio::runtime::Handle,
+	key: Sr25519Keyring,
+	storage_update_func: impl Fn(),
+	boot_nodes: Vec<MultiaddrWithPeerId>,
+	collator_pair: CollatorPair,
+) -> PezkuwiTestNode {
+	let config = node_config(storage_update_func, tokio_handle, key, boot_nodes, false);
+	let NewFull { task_manager, client, network, rpc_handlers, overseer_handle, .. } = new_full(
+		config,
+		IsTeyrchainNode::Collator(collator_pair),
+		None,
+		pezkuwi_service::CollatorOverseerGen,
+		None,
+	)
+	.expect("could not create Pezkuwi test service");
+
+	let overseer_handle = overseer_handle.expect("test node must have an overseer handle");
+	let peer_id = network.local_peer_id();
+
+	let multiaddr = get_listen_address(network).await;
+	let addr = MultiaddrWithPeerId { multiaddr, peer_id };
+
+	PezkuwiTestNode { task_manager, client, overseer_handle, addr, rpc_handlers }
+}
+
+/// A Pezkuwi test node instance used for testing.
+pub struct PezkuwiTestNode {
+	/// `TaskManager`'s instance.
+	pub task_manager: TaskManager,
+	/// Client's instance.
+	pub client: Arc<Client>,
+	/// A handle to Overseer.
+	pub overseer_handle: Handle,
+	/// The `MultiaddrWithPeerId` to this node. This is useful if you want to pass it as "boot
+	/// node" to other nodes.
+	pub addr: MultiaddrWithPeerId,
+	/// `RPCHandlers` to make RPC queries.
+	pub rpc_handlers: RpcHandlers,
+}
+
+impl PezkuwiTestNode {
+	/// Send a sudo call to this node.
+	async fn send_sudo(
+		&self,
+		call: impl Into<pezkuwi_test_runtime::RuntimeCall>,
+		caller: Sr25519Keyring,
+		nonce: u32,
+	) -> Result<(), RpcTransactionError> {
+		let sudo = SudoCall::sudo { call: Box::new(call.into()) };
+
+		let extrinsic = construct_extrinsic(&self.client, sudo, caller, nonce);
+		self.rpc_handlers.send_transaction(extrinsic.into()).await.map(drop)
+	}
+
+	/// Send an extrinsic to this node.
+	pub async fn send_extrinsic(
+		&self,
+		function: impl Into<pezkuwi_test_runtime::RuntimeCall>,
+		caller: Sr25519Keyring,
+	) -> Result<RpcTransactionOutput, RpcTransactionError> {
+		let extrinsic = construct_extrinsic(&self.client, function, caller, 0);
+
+		self.rpc_handlers.send_transaction(extrinsic.into()).await
+	}
+
+	/// Register a teyrchain at this relay chain.
+	pub async fn register_teyrchain(
+		&self,
+		id: ParaId,
+		validation_code: impl Into<ValidationCode>,
+		genesis_head: impl Into<HeadData>,
+	) -> Result<(), RpcTransactionError> {
+		let validation_code: ValidationCode = validation_code.into();
+		let call = ParasSudoWrapperCall::sudo_schedule_para_initialize {
+			id,
+			genesis: ParaGenesisArgs {
+				genesis_head: genesis_head.into(),
+				validation_code: validation_code.clone(),
+				para_kind: ParaKind::Teyrchain,
+			},
+		};
+
+		self.send_sudo(call, Sr25519Keyring::Alice, 0).await?;
+
+		// Bypass pvf-checking.
+		let call = ParasCall::add_trusted_validation_code { validation_code };
+		self.send_sudo(call, Sr25519Keyring::Alice, 1).await
+	}
+
+	/// Wait for `count` blocks to be imported in the node and then exit. This function will not
+	/// return if no blocks are ever created, thus you should restrict the maximum amount of time of
+	/// the test execution.
+	pub fn wait_for_blocks(&self, count: usize) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
+		self.client.wait_for_blocks(count)
+	}
+
+	/// Wait for `count` blocks to be finalized and then exit. Similarly with `wait_for_blocks` this
+	/// function will not return if no block are ever finalized.
+	pub async fn wait_for_finalized_blocks(&self, count: usize) {
+		let mut import_notification_stream = self.client.finality_notification_stream();
+		let mut blocks = HashSet::new();
+
+		while let Some(notification) = import_notification_stream.next().await {
+			blocks.insert(notification.hash);
+			if blocks.len() == count {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Register the collator functionality in the overseer of this node.
+	pub async fn register_collator(
+		&mut self,
+		collator_key: CollatorPair,
+		para_id: ParaId,
+		collator: CollatorFn,
+	) {
+		let config =
+			CollationGenerationConfig { key: collator_key, collator: Some(collator), para_id };
+
+		self.overseer_handle
+			.send_msg(CollationGenerationMessage::Initialize(config), "Collator")
+			.await;
+
+		self.overseer_handle
+			.send_msg(CollatorProtocolMessage::CollateOn(para_id), "Collator")
+			.await;
+	}
+}
+
+/// Construct an extrinsic that can be applied to the test runtime.
+pub fn construct_extrinsic(
+	client: &Client,
+	function: impl Into<pezkuwi_test_runtime::RuntimeCall>,
+	caller: Sr25519Keyring,
+	nonce: u32,
+) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
+	let function = function.into();
+	let current_block_hash = client.info().best_hash;
+	let current_block = client.info().best_number.saturated_into();
+	let genesis_block = client.hash(0).unwrap().unwrap();
+	let period =
+		BlockHashCount::get().checked_next_power_of_two().map(|c| c / 2).unwrap_or(2) as u64;
+	let tip = 0;
+	let tx_ext: TxExtension = (
+		frame_system::AuthorizeCall::<Runtime>::new(),
+		frame_system::CheckNonZeroSender::<Runtime>::new(),
+		frame_system::CheckSpecVersion::<Runtime>::new(),
+		frame_system::CheckTxVersion::<Runtime>::new(),
+		frame_system::CheckGenesis::<Runtime>::new(),
+		frame_system::CheckEra::<Runtime>::from(generic::Era::mortal(period, current_block)),
+		frame_system::CheckNonce::<Runtime>::from(nonce),
+		frame_system::CheckWeight::<Runtime>::new(),
+		pallet_transaction_payment::ChargeTransactionPayment::<Runtime>::from(tip),
+		frame_system::WeightReclaim::<Runtime>::new(),
+	)
+		.into();
+	let raw_payload = SignedPayload::from_raw(
+		function.clone(),
+		tx_ext.clone(),
+		(
+			(),
+			(),
+			VERSION.spec_version,
+			VERSION.transaction_version,
+			genesis_block,
+			current_block_hash,
+			(),
+			(),
+			(),
+			(),
+		),
+	);
+	let signature = raw_payload.using_encoded(|e| caller.sign(e));
+	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
+		function.clone(),
+		pezkuwi_test_runtime::Address::Id(caller.public().into()),
+		pezkuwi_primitives::Signature::Sr25519(signature),
+		tx_ext.clone(),
+	)
+}
+
+/// Construct a transfer extrinsic.
+pub fn construct_transfer_extrinsic(
+	client: &Client,
+	origin: sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring,
+	dest: sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring,
+	value: Balance,
+) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
+	let function =
+		pezkuwi_test_runtime::RuntimeCall::Balances(pallet_balances::Call::transfer_allow_death {
+			dest: MultiSigner::from(dest.public()).into_account().into(),
+			value,
+		});
+
+	construct_extrinsic(client, function, origin, 0)
+}