Ensure MultiLocation always has a canonical representation (#3404)

* MultiAsset TWO * Ensure MultiLocation always has a canonical representation * Remove v1 module * Draft next MultiAsset API. * Implement custom encoding/decoding scheme for MultiLocation * Properly implement IntoIterator for Junctions * Implement TryFrom<MultiLocation> for Junctions * Fix spelling mistakes * Fix tests in xcm-executor * XCM core builds * XCM Executor builds * XCM Builder builds * Fix xcm-builder tests and compilation * Make pallet-xcm compile * Use MultiLocation::default() * Make polkadot-runtime-common compile * Make rococo-runtime compile * Change return type of parent_count to u8 * Change MAX_MULTILOCATION_LENGTH to 255 * Make kusama-runtime compile * Fix logic in pallet-xcm * Use MultiLocation::empty() * Fix logic in location_conversion * Fix logic in origin_conversion.rs * Make westend-runtime compile * Rename prefixes and suffixes variables * Rename non_parent to interior * Rename non_parent to interior * Add test for encode/decode roundtrip and fix decode algorithm * API changes making their way throughout * Some TODOs * Further build fixes * Rename non_parent/junctions to interior * Basic compile builds * First test fixed * All executor tests fixed * Typo * Optimize subsume_assets and add test * Optimize checked_sub * XCM Builder first test fixed * Fix builder tests * Fix doc test * Make xcm-simulator compile * Make xcm-simulator-example compile * Make spellcheck happy * cargo fmt * fix some doc tests * spelling * named fields for AllOf * Fix subtle bug where Null is treated as an identifier * Add FIXME comment awaiting for const generics eval stabilization * Update xcm/src/v0/multiasset.rs Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io> * Update xcm/src/v0/multiasset.rs Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io> * Update xcm/src/v0/multiasset.rs Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io> * Update xcm/src/v0/multiasset.rs Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io> * Reformat * Move to XCM version 1 * Spelling * warnings * Replace some more v0->v1s * warnings * format * Add max_assets param * building * test fixes * tests * another test * final test * Update rustdocs and add debug_assert where sensible * Revert debug_assert in const fn len() * tests * Rename Null -> Here * Introduce * More ergonomics * More ergonomics * test fix * test fixes * docs * BuyExecution includes * Fix XCM extrinsics * fmt * Make Vec<MultiAsset>/MultiAssets conversions safe * More MultiAssets conversion safety * spelling * fix doc test * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Amar Singh <asinghchrony@protonmail.com> * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Amar Singh <asinghchrony@protonmail.com> * fmt * Add v0, remove VersionedMultiAsset * Remove VersionedMultiLocation * Update xcm/src/v1/order.rs Co-authored-by: Amar Singh <asinghchrony@protonmail.com> * Update xcm/src/v1/mod.rs Co-authored-by: Amar Singh <asinghchrony@protonmail.com> * XCM v0 backwards compatibility * Full compatibility * fmt * Update xcm/pallet-xcm/src/lib.rs * Update xcm/src/v0/order.rs Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <shawntabrizi@gmail.com> * Tweaks to versioning system * Fixes * fmt * Fix pallet-xcm tests * fix * Substitute with_parent with with_parents_const * Rename argument name from a to m * Rename split_last to split_last_interior * Allow adding multiple parents in MultiLocation * Rename pop_parent to dec_parent * Ensure relay chain XCM sender receives a MultiLocation without any parents * Block only when MultiLocation destination length is 8 * Cargo fmt * Remove reverse iterators, implement DoubleEndedIterator and add tests * Fix iter_rev lifetime requirements * Cargo fmt * Add an into() method for Junctions for conciseness in const context * Ensure parent count is 0 while executing who in RelayedFrom * Appease spellchecker * Use and_then instead of repeated map_err * Remove custom codec indices for v1 Junctions * Add convenience 'contains_parents_only' method to MultiLocation * Fix merge conflict * Use more convenience methods * Remove with_parachain_interior * Prefer matching against tuple instead of using match guards * Match against tuple instead of using more match guards * Update encode/decode test for MultiLocation * Minor tweaks * Fixes * Fixes * Fixes * Fix MultiLocation * Add deprecation note for iter_rev and into_iter_rev * Update some rustdocs * cargo fmt * Fix xcm-executor unit tests * Fix compilation and unit tests in xcm-builder * cargo fmt * Fix tests in xcm-simulator-example * Publicize MultiLocation fields * Match on the MultiLocation struct directly in xcm-builder * Do not dereference undereferenceable types * Add convenience MultiLocation conversions for tuples * Use clearer import paths * Remove unused dependency * fix junction + response * Import from latest opaque xcm module * Update xcm/src/v1/mod.rs * better comment * Fix ownership transfer * Fix merge * Fix merge * cargo fmt * Fix merge * Fix merge * Fix integration test * More readable Parent syntax * cleanup * cleanup * cleanup * cleanup * cleanup * cleanup * cleanup * cleanup * cargo fmt * Fixes * Fix doc test Co-authored-by: Gav Wood <gavin@parity.io> Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io> Co-authored-by: Amar Singh <asinghchrony@protonmail.com> Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <shawntabrizi@gmail.com>
2026-05-30 12:51:02 +00:00 · 2021-08-09 20:55:40 +02:00
parent 276dc1981e
commit 1556873060
36 changed files with 1683 additions and 952 deletions
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 use parity_scale_codec::Encode;
 use runtime_parachains::{configuration, dmp};
 use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
-use xcm::opaque::v1::{Error, Junction, MultiLocation, Result, SendXcm, Xcm};
+use xcm::opaque::latest::*;

 /// XCM sender for relay chain. It only sends downward message.
 pub struct ChildParachainRouter<T, W>(PhantomData<(T, W)>);
@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ impl<T: configuration::Config + dmp::Config, W: xcm::WrapVersion> SendXcm
 	for ChildParachainRouter<T, W>
 {
 	fn send_xcm(dest: MultiLocation, msg: Xcm) -> Result {
-		match &dest {
-			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) => {
+		match dest {
+			MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: Junctions::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) } => {
 				// Downward message passing.
 				let versioned_xcm =
 					W::wrap_version(&dest, msg).map_err(|()| Error::DestinationUnsupported)?;
 				let config = <configuration::Pallet<T>>::config();
 				<dmp::Pallet<T>>::queue_downward_message(
 					&config,
-					(*id).into(),
+					id.into(),
 					versioned_xcm.encode(),
 				)
 				.map_err(Into::<Error>::into)?;
 				Ok(())
 			},
-			_ => Err(Error::CannotReachDestination(dest, msg)),
+			dest => Err(Error::CannotReachDestination(dest, msg)),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1203,12 +1203,12 @@ parameter_types! {
 	/// The location of the KSM token, from the context of this chain. Since this token is native to this
 	/// chain, we make it synonymous with it and thus it is the `Here` location, which means "equivalent to
 	/// the context".
-	pub const KsmLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const KsmLocation: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	/// The Kusama network ID. This is named.
 	pub const KusamaNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Kusama;
 	/// Our XCM location ancestry - i.e. what, if anything, `Parent` means evaluated in our context. Since
 	/// Kusama is a top-level relay-chain, there is no ancestry.
-	pub const Ancestry: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const Ancestry: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	/// The check account, which holds any native assets that have been teleported out and not back in (yet).
 	pub CheckAccount: AccountId = XcmPallet::check_account();
 }
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ pub type XcmRouter = (

 parameter_types! {
 	pub const Kusama: MultiAssetFilter = Wild(AllOf { fun: WildFungible, id: Concrete(KsmLocation::get()) });
-	pub const KusamaForStatemint: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Kusama::get(), X1(Parachain(1000)));
+	pub const KusamaForStatemint: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Kusama::get(), Parachain(1000).into());
 }
 pub type TrustedTeleporters = (xcm_builder::Case<KusamaForStatemint>,);

@@ -583,9 +583,9 @@ impl parachains_paras::Config for Runtime {
 }

 parameter_types! {
-	pub const RocLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const RocLocation: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub const RococoNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Polkadot;
-	pub const Ancestry: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const Ancestry: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub CheckAccount: AccountId = XcmPallet::check_account();
 }

@@ -625,10 +625,10 @@ pub type XcmRouter = (

 parameter_types! {
 	pub const Rococo: MultiAssetFilter = Wild(AllOf { fun: WildFungible, id: Concrete(RocLocation::get()) });
-	pub const RococoForTick: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), X1(Parachain(100)));
-	pub const RococoForTrick: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), X1(Parachain(110)));
-	pub const RococoForTrack: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), X1(Parachain(120)));
-	pub const RococoForStatemint: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), X1(Parachain(1001)));
+	pub const RococoForTick: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), Parachain(100).into());
+	pub const RococoForTrick: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), Parachain(110).into());
+	pub const RococoForTrack: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), Parachain(120).into());
+	pub const RococoForStatemint: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) = (Rococo::get(), Parachain(1001).into());
 }
 pub type TrustedTeleporters = (
 	xcm_builder::Case<RococoForTick>,
@@ -640,10 +640,10 @@ pub type TrustedTeleporters = (
 parameter_types! {
 	pub AllowUnpaidFrom: Vec<MultiLocation> =
 		vec![
-			X1(Parachain(100)),
-			X1(Parachain(110)),
-			X1(Parachain(120)),
-			X1(Parachain(1001))
+			Parachain(100).into(),
+			Parachain(110).into(),
+			Parachain(120).into(),
+			Parachain(1001).into(),
 		];
 }

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@

 use frame_support::{parameter_types, traits::Everything, weights::Weight};
 use xcm::latest::{
-	Error as XcmError, Junction::*, MultiAsset, MultiLocation, MultiLocation::*, NetworkId,
+	Error as XcmError, Junctions::Here, MultiAsset, MultiLocation, NetworkId, Parent,
 	Result as XcmResult, SendXcm, Xcm,
 };
 use xcm_builder::{AllowUnpaidExecutionFrom, FixedWeightBounds, SignedToAccountId32};
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl TransactAsset for DummyAssetTransactor {
 	}

 	fn withdraw_asset(_what: &MultiAsset, _who: &MultiLocation) -> Result<Assets, XcmError> {
-		let asset: MultiAsset = (X1(Parent), 100_000).into();
+		let asset: MultiAsset = (Parent, 100_000).into();
 		Ok(asset.into())
 	}
 }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl WeightTrader for DummyWeightTrader {
 pub struct InvertNothing;
 impl InvertLocation for InvertNothing {
 	fn invert_location(_: &MultiLocation) -> MultiLocation {
-		MultiLocation::Here
+		Here.into()
 	}
 }

@@ -866,8 +866,8 @@ impl auctions::Config for Runtime {
 }

 parameter_types! {
-	pub const WndLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
-	pub const Ancestry: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const WndLocation: MultiLocation = Here.into();
+	pub const Ancestry: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub WestendNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Named(b"Westend".to_vec());
 	pub CheckAccount: AccountId = XcmPallet::check_account();
 }
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ pub type XcmRouter = (

 parameter_types! {
 	pub const WestendForWestmint: (MultiAssetFilter, MultiLocation) =
-		(Wild(AllOf { fun: WildFungible, id: Concrete(WndLocation::get()) }), X1(Parachain(1000)));
+		(Wild(AllOf { fun: WildFungible, id: Concrete(WndLocation::get()) }), Parachain(1000).into());
 }
 pub type TrustedTeleporters = (xcm_builder::Case<WestendForWestmint>,);

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
 		UnweighableMessage,
 		/// The assets to be sent are empty.
 		Empty,
-		/// Could not reanchor the assets to declare the fees for the destination chain.
+		/// Could not re-anchor the assets to declare the fees for the destination chain.
 		CannotReanchor,
 		/// Too many assets have been attempted for transfer.
 		TooManyAssets,
@@ -306,9 +306,10 @@ pub mod pallet {
 			dest: MultiLocation,
 			message: Xcm<()>,
 		) -> Result<(), XcmError> {
-			let message = match interior {
-				MultiLocation::Here => message,
-				who => Xcm::<()>::RelayedFrom { who, message: Box::new(message) },
+			let message = if interior.is_here() {
+				message
+			} else {
+				Xcm::<()>::RelayedFrom { who: interior, message: Box::new(message) }
 			};
 			log::trace!(target: "xcm::send_xcm", "dest: {:?}, message: {:?}", &dest, &message);
 			T::XcmRouter::send_xcm(dest, message)
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@ where

 	#[cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
 	fn successful_origin() -> O {
-		O::from(Origin::Xcm(MultiLocation::Here))
+		O::from(Origin::Xcm(Here.into()))
 	}
 }

@@ -393,9 +394,9 @@ where
 pub struct XcmPassthrough<Origin>(PhantomData<Origin>);
 impl<Origin: From<crate::Origin>> ConvertOrigin<Origin> for XcmPassthrough<Origin> {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
-		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Xcm, l) => Ok(crate::Origin::Xcm(l).into()),
-			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
+		match kind {
+			OriginKind::Xcm => Ok(crate::Origin::Xcm(origin).into()),
+			_ => Err(origin),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl SendXcm for TestSendXcm {
 pub struct TestSendXcmErrX8;
 impl SendXcm for TestSendXcmErrX8 {
 	fn send_xcm(dest: MultiLocation, msg: Xcm) -> XcmResult {
-		if let MultiLocation::X8(..) = dest {
+		if dest.len() == 8 {
 			Err(XcmError::Undefined)
 		} else {
 			SENT_XCM.with(|q| q.borrow_mut().push((dest, msg)));
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ impl pallet_balances::Config for Test {
 }

 parameter_types! {
-	pub const RelayLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const RelayLocation: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub const AnyNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Any;
-	pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub UnitWeightCost: Weight = 1_000;
 }

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn send_works() {
 		let sender: MultiLocation =
 			AccountId32 { network: AnyNetwork::get(), id: ALICE.into() }.into();
 		let message = Xcm::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-			assets: (X1(Parent), SEND_AMOUNT).into(),
+			assets: (Parent, SEND_AMOUNT).into(),
 			effects: vec![
 				buy_execution((Parent, SEND_AMOUNT), weight),
 				DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: sender.clone() },
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ fn send_works() {
 		assert_eq!(
 			sent_xcm(),
 			vec![(
-				MultiLocation::Here,
+				Here.into(),
 				RelayedFrom { who: sender.clone(), message: Box::new(message.clone()) }
 			)]
 		);
@@ -87,16 +87,7 @@ fn send_fails_when_xcm_router_blocks() {
 		assert_noop!(
 			XcmPallet::send(
 				Origin::signed(ALICE),
-				Box::new(X8(
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent,
-					Junction::Parent
-				)),
+				Box::new(MultiLocation::ancestor(8)),
 				Box::new(message.clone())
 			),
 			crate::Error::<Test>::SendFailure
@@ -118,7 +109,7 @@ fn teleport_assets_works() {
 		assert_ok!(XcmPallet::teleport_assets(
 			Origin::signed(ALICE),
 			Box::new(RelayLocation::get()),
-			Box::new(X1(AccountId32 { network: Any, id: BOB.into() })),
+			Box::new(AccountId32 { network: Any, id: BOB.into() }.into()),
 			(Here, SEND_AMOUNT).into(),
 			0,
 			weight,
@@ -162,7 +153,7 @@ fn reserve_transfer_assets_works() {
 			vec![(
 				Parachain(PARA_ID).into(),
 				Xcm::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-					assets: (X1(Parent), SEND_AMOUNT).into(),
+					assets: (Parent, SEND_AMOUNT).into(),
 					effects: vec![
 						buy_execution((Parent, SEND_AMOUNT), weight),
 						DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: dest },
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 //! Support data structures for `MultiLocation`, primarily the `Junction` datatype.

 use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use parity_scale_codec::{self, Decode, Encode};
+use parity_scale_codec::{Decode, Encode};

 /// A global identifier of an account-bearing consensus system.
 #[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Encode, Decode, Debug)]
@@ -140,10 +140,7 @@ pub enum Junction {
 	/// Usage will vary widely owing to its generality.
 	///
 	/// NOTE: Try to avoid using this and instead use a more specific item.
-	GeneralIndex {
-		#[codec(compact)]
-		id: u128,
-	},
+	GeneralIndex(#[codec(compact)] u128),
 	/// A nondescript datum acting as a key within the context location.
 	///
 	/// Usage will vary widely owing to its generality.
@@ -161,6 +158,23 @@ pub enum Junction {
 	Plurality { id: BodyId, part: BodyPart },
 }

+impl From<crate::v1::Junction> for Junction {
+	fn from(v1: crate::v1::Junction) -> Junction {
+		use crate::v1::Junction::*;
+		match v1 {
+			Parachain(id) => Self::Parachain(id),
+			AccountId32 { network, id } => Self::AccountId32 { network, id },
+			AccountIndex64 { network, index } => Self::AccountIndex64 { network, index },
+			AccountKey20 { network, key } => Self::AccountKey20 { network, key },
+			PalletInstance(index) => Self::PalletInstance(index),
+			GeneralIndex(index) => Self::GeneralIndex(index),
+			GeneralKey(key) => Self::GeneralKey(key),
+			OnlyChild => Self::OnlyChild,
+			Plurality { id, part } => Self::Plurality { id, part },
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 impl Junction {
 	/// Returns true if this junction is a `Parent` item.
 	pub fn is_parent(&self) -> bool {
@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@ mod traits;
 use super::v1::{Response as Response1, Xcm as Xcm1};
 pub use junction::{BodyId, BodyPart, Junction, NetworkId};
 pub use multi_asset::{AssetInstance, MultiAsset};
-pub use multi_location::MultiLocation;
+pub use multi_location::MultiLocation::{self, *};
 pub use order::Order;
 pub use traits::{Error, ExecuteXcm, Outcome, Result, SendXcm};

 /// A prelude for importing all types typically used when interacting with XCM messages.
 pub mod prelude {
 	pub use super::{
+		junction::{BodyId, Junction::*},
 		multi_asset::{
 			AssetInstance::{self, *},
 			MultiAsset::{self, *},
@@ -47,9 +48,8 @@ pub mod prelude {
 		multi_location::MultiLocation::{self, *},
 		order::Order::{self, *},
 		traits::{Error as XcmError, ExecuteXcm, Outcome, Result as XcmResult, SendXcm},
-		BodyId, BodyPart,
 		Junction::*,
-		NetworkId, OriginKind,
+		OriginKind,
 		Xcm::{self, *},
 	};
 }
@@ -321,11 +321,12 @@ pub mod opaque {
 }

 // Convert from a v1 response to a v0 response
-impl From<Response1> for Response {
-	fn from(new_response: Response1) -> Self {
-		match new_response {
-			Response1::Assets(assets) => Self::Assets(assets.into()),
-		}
+impl TryFrom<Response1> for Response {
+	type Error = ();
+	fn try_from(new_response: Response1) -> result::Result<Self, ()> {
+		Ok(match new_response {
+			Response1::Assets(assets) => Self::Assets(assets.try_into()?),
+		})
 	}
 }

@@ -335,33 +336,33 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Xcm1<Call>> for Xcm<Call> {
 		use Xcm::*;
 		Ok(match x {
 			Xcm1::WithdrawAsset { assets, effects } => WithdrawAsset {
-				assets: assets.into(),
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 			},
 			Xcm1::ReserveAssetDeposited { assets, effects } => ReserveAssetDeposit {
-				assets: assets.into(),
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 			},
 			Xcm1::ReceiveTeleportedAsset { assets, effects } => TeleportAsset {
-				assets: assets.into(),
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 			},
 			Xcm1::QueryResponse { query_id: u64, response } =>
-				QueryResponse { query_id: u64, response: response.into() },
+				QueryResponse { query_id: u64, response: response.try_into()? },
 			Xcm1::TransferAsset { assets, beneficiary } =>
-				TransferAsset { assets: assets.into(), dest: beneficiary.into() },
+				TransferAsset { assets: assets.try_into()?, dest: beneficiary.try_into()? },
 			Xcm1::TransferReserveAsset { assets, dest, effects } => TransferReserveAsset {
-				assets: assets.into(),
-				dest: dest.into(),
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
+				dest: dest.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::try_from)
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Xcm1<Call>> for Xcm<Call> {
 			Xcm1::Transact { origin_type, require_weight_at_most, call } =>
 				Transact { origin_type, require_weight_at_most, call: call.into() },
 			Xcm1::RelayedFrom { who, message } => RelayedFrom {
-				who: who.into(),
+				who: who.try_into()?,
 				message: alloc::boxed::Box::new((*message).try_into()?),
 			},
 		})
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@
 //! Cross-Consensus Message format data structures.

 use super::MultiLocation;
-use crate::v1::{MultiAsset as MultiAsset1, MultiAssetFilter, MultiAssets, WildMultiAsset};
+use crate::v1::{MultiAssetFilter, MultiAssets, WildMultiAsset};
 use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
+use core::{
+	convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
+	result,
+};
 use parity_scale_codec::{self, Decode, Encode};

 pub use crate::v1::AssetInstance;
@@ -290,53 +294,64 @@ impl MultiAsset {
 	}
 }

-impl From<MultiAsset1> for MultiAsset {
-	fn from(a: MultiAsset1) -> MultiAsset {
+impl TryFrom<crate::v1::MultiAsset> for MultiAsset {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(m: crate::v1::MultiAsset) -> result::Result<MultiAsset, ()> {
 		use crate::v1::{AssetId::*, Fungibility::*};
 		use MultiAsset::*;
-		match (a.id, a.fun) {
-			(Concrete(id), Fungible(amount)) => ConcreteFungible { id: id.into(), amount },
+		Ok(match (m.id, m.fun) {
+			(Concrete(id), Fungible(amount)) => ConcreteFungible { id: id.try_into()?, amount },
 			(Concrete(class), NonFungible(instance)) =>
-				ConcreteNonFungible { class: class.into(), instance },
+				ConcreteNonFungible { class: class.try_into()?, instance },
 			(Abstract(id), Fungible(amount)) => AbstractFungible { id, amount },
 			(Abstract(class), NonFungible(instance)) => AbstractNonFungible { class, instance },
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl From<MultiAssets> for Vec<MultiAsset> {
-	fn from(a: MultiAssets) -> Vec<MultiAsset> {
-		a.drain().into_iter().map(MultiAsset::from).collect()
+		})
 	}
 }

-impl From<WildMultiAsset> for MultiAsset {
-	fn from(a: WildMultiAsset) -> MultiAsset {
+impl TryFrom<MultiAssets> for Vec<MultiAsset> {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(m: MultiAssets) -> result::Result<Vec<MultiAsset>, ()> {
+		m.drain().into_iter().map(MultiAsset::try_from).collect()
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<WildMultiAsset> for MultiAsset {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(m: WildMultiAsset) -> result::Result<MultiAsset, ()> {
 		use crate::v1::{AssetId::*, WildFungibility::*};
 		use MultiAsset::*;
-		match a {
+		Ok(match m {
 			WildMultiAsset::All => All,
 			WildMultiAsset::AllOf { id, fun } => match (id, fun) {
-				(Concrete(id), Fungible) => AllConcreteFungible { id: id.into() },
-				(Concrete(class), NonFungible) => AllConcreteNonFungible { class: class.into() },
+				(Concrete(id), Fungible) => AllConcreteFungible { id: id.try_into()? },
+				(Concrete(class), NonFungible) =>
+					AllConcreteNonFungible { class: class.try_into()? },
 				(Abstract(id), Fungible) => AllAbstractFungible { id },
 				(Abstract(class), NonFungible) => AllAbstractNonFungible { class },
 			},
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-impl From<WildMultiAsset> for Vec<MultiAsset> {
-	fn from(a: WildMultiAsset) -> Vec<MultiAsset> {
-		vec![a.into()]
+		})
 	}
 }

-impl From<MultiAssetFilter> for Vec<MultiAsset> {
-	fn from(a: MultiAssetFilter) -> Vec<MultiAsset> {
-		match a {
-			MultiAssetFilter::Definite(assets) => assets.into(),
-			MultiAssetFilter::Wild(wildcard) => wildcard.into(),
+impl TryFrom<WildMultiAsset> for Vec<MultiAsset> {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(m: WildMultiAsset) -> result::Result<Vec<MultiAsset>, ()> {
+		Ok(vec![m.try_into()?])
+	}
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<MultiAssetFilter> for Vec<MultiAsset> {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(m: MultiAssetFilter) -> result::Result<Vec<MultiAsset>, ()> {
+		match m {
+			MultiAssetFilter::Definite(assets) => assets.try_into(),
+			MultiAssetFilter::Wild(wildcard) => wildcard.try_into(),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@

 //! Cross-Consensus Message format data structures.

-use core::{mem, result};
-
-use super::{super::v1::MultiLocation as MultiLocation1, Junction};
+use super::Junction;
+use crate::v1::MultiLocation as MultiLocation1;
+use core::{convert::TryFrom, mem, result};
 use parity_scale_codec::{self, Decode, Encode};

 /// A relative path between state-bearing consensus systems.
@@ -696,20 +696,68 @@ impl MultiLocation {
 	}
 }

-impl From<MultiLocation1> for MultiLocation {
-	fn from(old: MultiLocation1) -> Self {
-		use MultiLocation::*;
-		match old {
-			MultiLocation1::Here => Null,
-			MultiLocation1::X1(j0) => X1(j0),
-			MultiLocation1::X2(j0, j1) => X2(j0, j1),
-			MultiLocation1::X3(j0, j1, j2) => X3(j0, j1, j2),
-			MultiLocation1::X4(j0, j1, j2, j3) => X4(j0, j1, j2, j3),
-			MultiLocation1::X5(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4) => X5(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4),
-			MultiLocation1::X6(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5) => X6(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5),
-			MultiLocation1::X7(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6) => X7(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6),
-			MultiLocation1::X8(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6, j7) =>
-				X8(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6, j7),
+impl TryFrom<MultiLocation1> for MultiLocation {
+	type Error = ();
+	fn try_from(v1: MultiLocation1) -> result::Result<Self, ()> {
+		use crate::v1::Junctions::*;
+		let mut res = Self::Null;
+
+		for _ in 0..v1.parents {
+			res.push(Junction::Parent)?;
+		}
+
+		match v1.interior {
+			Here => Ok(res),
+			X1(j0) => res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0)).map_err(|_| ()),
+			X2(j0, j1) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
+			X3(j0, j1, j2) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j2)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
+			X4(j0, j1, j2, j3) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j2)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j3)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
+			X5(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j2)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j3)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j4)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
+			X6(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j2)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j3)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j4)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j5)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
+			X7(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j2)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j3)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j4)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j5)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j6)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
+			X8(j0, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6, j7) => res
+				.pushed_with(Junction::from(j0))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j1)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j2)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j3)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j4)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j5)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j6)))
+				.and_then(|res| res.pushed_with(Junction::from(j7)))
+				.map_err(|_| ()),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@

 use super::{super::v1::Order as Order1, MultiAsset, MultiLocation, Xcm};
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use core::{convert::TryFrom, result};
+use core::{
+	convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
+	result,
+};
 use derivative::Derivative;
 use parity_scale_codec::{self, Decode, Encode};

@@ -161,36 +164,36 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Order1<Call>> for Order<Call> {
 		Ok(match old {
 			Order1::Noop => Null,
 			Order1::DepositAsset { assets, beneficiary, .. } =>
-				DepositAsset { assets: assets.into(), dest: beneficiary.into() },
+				DepositAsset { assets: assets.try_into()?, dest: beneficiary.try_into()? },
 			Order1::DepositReserveAsset { assets, dest, effects, .. } => DepositReserveAsset {
-				assets: assets.into(),
-				dest: dest.into(),
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
+				dest: dest.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::<()>::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 			},
 			Order1::ExchangeAsset { give, receive } =>
-				ExchangeAsset { give: give.into(), receive: receive.into() },
+				ExchangeAsset { give: give.try_into()?, receive: receive.try_into()? },
 			Order1::InitiateReserveWithdraw { assets, reserve, effects } =>
 				InitiateReserveWithdraw {
-					assets: assets.into(),
-					reserve: reserve.into(),
+					assets: assets.try_into()?,
+					reserve: reserve.try_into()?,
 					effects: effects
 						.into_iter()
 						.map(Order::<()>::try_from)
 						.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 				},
 			Order1::InitiateTeleport { assets, dest, effects } => InitiateTeleport {
-				assets: assets.into(),
-				dest: dest.into(),
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
+				dest: dest.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::<()>::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 			},
 			Order1::QueryHolding { query_id, dest, assets } =>
-				QueryHolding { query_id, dest: dest.into(), assets: assets.into() },
+				QueryHolding { query_id, dest: dest.try_into()?, assets: assets.try_into()? },
 			Order1::BuyExecution { fees, weight, debt, halt_on_error, orders, instructions } => {
 				if !orders.is_empty() {
 					return Err(())
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Order1<Call>> for Order<Call> {
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Xcm::<Call>::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?;
-				BuyExecution { fees: fees.into(), weight, debt, halt_on_error, xcm }
+				BuyExecution { fees: fees.try_into()?, weight, debt, halt_on_error, xcm }
 			},
 		})
 	}
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2020 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Cumulus.
+
+// Substrate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Substrate is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Cumulus.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Support data structures for `MultiLocation`, primarily the `Junction` datatype.
+
+use super::{BodyId, BodyPart, Junctions, MultiLocation, NetworkId};
+use crate::v0::Junction as Junction0;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::convert::TryFrom;
+use parity_scale_codec::{self, Decode, Encode};
+
+/// A single item in a path to describe the relative location of a consensus system.
+///
+/// Each item assumes a pre-existing location as its context and is defined in terms of it.
+#[derive(Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Encode, Decode, Debug)]
+pub enum Junction {
+	/// An indexed parachain belonging to and operated by the context.
+	///
+	/// Generally used when the context is a Polkadot Relay-chain.
+	Parachain(#[codec(compact)] u32),
+	/// A 32-byte identifier for an account of a specific network that is respected as a sovereign endpoint within
+	/// the context.
+	///
+	/// Generally used when the context is a Substrate-based chain.
+	AccountId32 { network: NetworkId, id: [u8; 32] },
+	/// An 8-byte index for an account of a specific network that is respected as a sovereign endpoint within
+	/// the context.
+	///
+	/// May be used when the context is a Frame-based chain and includes e.g. an indices pallet.
+	AccountIndex64 {
+		network: NetworkId,
+		#[codec(compact)]
+		index: u64,
+	},
+	/// A 20-byte identifier for an account of a specific network that is respected as a sovereign endpoint within
+	/// the context.
+	///
+	/// May be used when the context is an Ethereum or Bitcoin chain or smart-contract.
+	AccountKey20 { network: NetworkId, key: [u8; 20] },
+	/// An instanced, indexed pallet that forms a constituent part of the context.
+	///
+	/// Generally used when the context is a Frame-based chain.
+	PalletInstance(u8),
+	/// A non-descript index within the context location.
+	///
+	/// Usage will vary widely owing to its generality.
+	///
+	/// NOTE: Try to avoid using this and instead use a more specific item.
+	GeneralIndex(#[codec(compact)] u128),
+	/// A nondescript datum acting as a key within the context location.
+	///
+	/// Usage will vary widely owing to its generality.
+	///
+	/// NOTE: Try to avoid using this and instead use a more specific item.
+	GeneralKey(Vec<u8>),
+	/// The unambiguous child.
+	///
+	/// Not currently used except as a fallback when deriving ancestry.
+	OnlyChild,
+	/// A pluralistic body existing within consensus.
+	///
+	/// Typical to be used to represent a governance origin of a chain, but could in principle be used to represent
+	/// things such as multisigs also.
+	Plurality { id: BodyId, part: BodyPart },
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Junction0> for Junction {
+	type Error = ();
+
+	fn try_from(value: Junction0) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+		match value {
+			Junction0::Parent => Err(()),
+			Junction0::Parachain(id) => Ok(Self::Parachain(id)),
+			Junction0::AccountId32 { network, id } => Ok(Self::AccountId32 { network, id }),
+			Junction0::AccountIndex64 { network, index } =>
+				Ok(Self::AccountIndex64 { network, index }),
+			Junction0::AccountKey20 { network, key } => Ok(Self::AccountKey20 { network, key }),
+			Junction0::PalletInstance(index) => Ok(Self::PalletInstance(index)),
+			Junction0::GeneralIndex(id) => Ok(Self::GeneralIndex(id)),
+			Junction0::GeneralKey(key) => Ok(Self::GeneralKey(key)),
+			Junction0::OnlyChild => Ok(Self::OnlyChild),
+			Junction0::Plurality { id, part } => Ok(Self::Plurality { id: id.into(), part }),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Junction {
+	/// Convert `self` into a `MultiLocation` containing 0 parents.
+	///
+	/// Similar to `Into::into`, except that this method can be used in a const evaluation context.
+	pub const fn into(self) -> MultiLocation {
+		MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: Junctions::X1(self) }
+	}
+
+	/// Convert `self` into a `MultiLocation` containing `n` parents.
+	///
+	/// Similar to `Self::into`, with the added ability to specify the number of parent junctions.
+	pub const fn into_exterior(self, n: u8) -> MultiLocation {
+		MultiLocation { parents: n, interior: Junctions::X1(self) }
+	}
+}
@@ -27,30 +27,32 @@ use core::{
 use derivative::Derivative;
 use parity_scale_codec::{self, Decode, Encode};

+mod junction;
 pub mod multiasset;
 mod multilocation;
 mod order;
 mod traits; // the new multiasset.

+pub use junction::Junction;
 pub use multiasset::{
 	AssetId, AssetInstance, Fungibility, MultiAsset, MultiAssetFilter, MultiAssets,
 	WildFungibility, WildMultiAsset,
 };
-pub use multilocation::MultiLocation;
+pub use multilocation::{Ancestor, AncestorThen, Junctions, MultiLocation, Parent, ParentThen};
 pub use order::Order;
 pub use traits::{Error, ExecuteXcm, Outcome, Result, SendXcm};

 // These parts of XCM v0 have been unchanged in XCM v1, and are re-imported here.
-pub use super::v0::{BodyId, BodyPart, Junction, NetworkId, OriginKind};
+pub use super::v0::{BodyId, BodyPart, NetworkId, OriginKind};

 /// A prelude for importing all types typically used when interacting with XCM messages.
 pub mod prelude {
 	pub use super::{
 		super::v0::{
 			BodyId, BodyPart,
-			Junction::*,
 			NetworkId::{self, *},
 		},
+		junction::Junction::{self, *},
 		multiasset::{
 			AssetId::{self, *},
 			AssetInstance::{self, *},
@@ -61,7 +63,11 @@ pub mod prelude {
 			WildFungibility::{self, Fungible as WildFungible, NonFungible as WildNonFungible},
 			WildMultiAsset::{self, *},
 		},
-		multilocation::MultiLocation::{self, *},
+		multilocation::{
+			Ancestor, AncestorThen,
+			Junctions::{self, *},
+			MultiLocation, Parent, ParentThen,
+		},
 		opaque,
 		order::Order::{self, *},
 		traits::{Error as XcmError, ExecuteXcm, Outcome, Result as XcmResult, SendXcm},
@@ -352,10 +358,10 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Xcm0<Call>> for Xcm<Call> {
 			Xcm0::QueryResponse { query_id: u64, response } =>
 				QueryResponse { query_id: u64, response: response.try_into()? },
 			Xcm0::TransferAsset { assets, dest } =>
-				TransferAsset { assets: assets.try_into()?, beneficiary: dest.into() },
+				TransferAsset { assets: assets.try_into()?, beneficiary: dest.try_into()? },
 			Xcm0::TransferReserveAsset { assets, dest, effects } => TransferReserveAsset {
 				assets: assets.try_into()?,
-				dest: dest.into(),
+				dest: dest.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::try_from)
@@ -369,7 +375,7 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Xcm0<Call>> for Xcm<Call> {
 			Xcm0::Transact { origin_type, require_weight_at_most, call } =>
 				Transact { origin_type, require_weight_at_most, call: call.into() },
 			Xcm0::RelayedFrom { who, message } => RelayedFrom {
-				who: who.into(),
+				who: who.try_into()?,
 				message: alloc::boxed::Box::new((*message).try_into()?),
 			},
 		})
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@
 //! - `MultiAssetFilter`: A combination of `Wild` and `MultiAssets` designed for efficiently filtering an XCM holding
 //!   account.

-use super::{
-	Junction,
-	MultiLocation::{self, X1},
-};
+use super::MultiLocation;
 use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
 use core::{
 	cmp::Ordering,
@@ -104,15 +101,9 @@ pub enum AssetId {
 	Abstract(Vec<u8>),
 }

-impl From<MultiLocation> for AssetId {
-	fn from(x: MultiLocation) -> Self {
-		Self::Concrete(x)
-	}
-}
-
-impl From<Junction> for AssetId {
-	fn from(x: Junction) -> Self {
-		Self::Concrete(X1(x))
+impl<T: Into<MultiLocation>> From<T> for AssetId {
+	fn from(x: T) -> Self {
+		Self::Concrete(x.into())
 	}
 }

@@ -242,9 +233,9 @@ impl TryFrom<super::super::v0::MultiAsset> for MultiAsset {
 		use AssetId::*;
 		use Fungibility::*;
 		let (id, fun) = match old {
-			V0::ConcreteFungible { id, amount } => (Concrete(id.into()), Fungible(amount)),
+			V0::ConcreteFungible { id, amount } => (Concrete(id.try_into()?), Fungible(amount)),
 			V0::ConcreteNonFungible { class, instance } =>
-				(Concrete(class.into()), NonFungible(instance)),
+				(Concrete(class.try_into()?), NonFungible(instance)),
 			V0::AbstractFungible { id, amount } => (Abstract(id), Fungible(amount)),
 			V0::AbstractNonFungible { class, instance } => (Abstract(class), NonFungible(instance)),
 			_ => return Err(()),
@@ -456,8 +447,8 @@ impl TryFrom<super::super::v0::MultiAsset> for WildMultiAsset {
 		use WildFungibility::*;
 		let (id, fun) = match old {
 			V0::All => return Ok(WildMultiAsset::All),
-			V0::AllConcreteFungible { id } => (Concrete(id.into()), Fungible),
-			V0::AllConcreteNonFungible { class } => (Concrete(class.into()), NonFungible),
+			V0::AllConcreteFungible { id } => (Concrete(id.try_into()?), Fungible),
+			V0::AllConcreteNonFungible { class } => (Concrete(class.try_into()?), NonFungible),
 			V0::AllAbstractFungible { id } => (Abstract(id), Fungible),
 			V0::AllAbstractNonFungible { class } => (Abstract(class), NonFungible),
 			_ => return Err(()),
@@ -194,12 +194,15 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Order0<Call>> for Order<Call> {
 		use Order::*;
 		Ok(match old {
 			Order0::Null => Noop,
-			Order0::DepositAsset { assets, dest } =>
-				DepositAsset { assets: assets.try_into()?, max_assets: 1, beneficiary: dest.into() },
+			Order0::DepositAsset { assets, dest } => DepositAsset {
+				assets: assets.try_into()?,
+				max_assets: 1,
+				beneficiary: dest.try_into()?,
+			},
 			Order0::DepositReserveAsset { assets, dest, effects } => DepositReserveAsset {
 				assets: assets.try_into()?,
 				max_assets: 1,
-				dest: dest.into(),
+				dest: dest.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::<()>::try_from)
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Order0<Call>> for Order<Call> {
 			Order0::InitiateReserveWithdraw { assets, reserve, effects } =>
 				InitiateReserveWithdraw {
 					assets: assets.try_into()?,
-					reserve: reserve.into(),
+					reserve: reserve.try_into()?,
 					effects: effects
 						.into_iter()
 						.map(Order::<()>::try_from)
@@ -218,14 +221,14 @@ impl<Call> TryFrom<Order0<Call>> for Order<Call> {
 				},
 			Order0::InitiateTeleport { assets, dest, effects } => InitiateTeleport {
 				assets: assets.try_into()?,
-				dest: dest.into(),
+				dest: dest.try_into()?,
 				effects: effects
 					.into_iter()
 					.map(Order::<()>::try_from)
 					.collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?,
 			},
 			Order0::QueryHolding { query_id, dest, assets } =>
-				QueryHolding { query_id, dest: dest.into(), assets: assets.try_into()? },
+				QueryHolding { query_id, dest: dest.try_into()?, assets: assets.try_into()? },
 			Order0::BuyExecution { fees, weight, debt, halt_on_error, xcm } => {
 				let instructions =
 					xcm.into_iter().map(Xcm::<Call>::try_from).collect::<result::Result<_, _>>()?;
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ impl<C> ExecuteXcm<C> for () {
 ///
 /// # Example
 /// ```rust
-/// # use xcm::v1::{MultiLocation, Xcm, Junction, Error, OriginKind, SendXcm, Result};
+/// # use xcm::v1::{MultiLocation, Xcm, Junction, Junctions, Error, OriginKind, SendXcm, Result, Parent};
 /// # use parity_scale_codec::Encode;
 ///
 /// /// A sender that only passes the message through and does nothing.
@@ -203,7 +203,9 @@ impl<C> ExecuteXcm<C> for () {
 /// struct Sender2;
 /// impl SendXcm for Sender2 {
 ///     fn send_xcm(destination: MultiLocation, message: Xcm<()>) -> Result {
-///         if let MultiLocation::X2(j1, j2) = destination {
+///         if matches!(destination.interior(), Junctions::X2(j1, j2))
+///             && destination.parent_count() == 0
+///         {
 ///             Ok(())
 ///         } else {
 ///             Err(Error::Undefined)
@@ -215,9 +217,12 @@ impl<C> ExecuteXcm<C> for () {
 /// struct Sender3;
 /// impl SendXcm for Sender3 {
 ///     fn send_xcm(destination: MultiLocation, message: Xcm<()>) -> Result {
-///         match destination {
-///             MultiLocation::X1(j) if j == Junction::Parent => Ok(()),
-///             _ => Err(Error::CannotReachDestination(destination, message)),
+///         if matches!(destination.interior(), Junctions::Here)
+///             && destination.parent_count() == 1
+///         {
+///             Ok(())
+///         } else {
+///             Err(Error::CannotReachDestination(destination, message))
 ///         }
 ///     }
 /// }
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@ impl<C> ExecuteXcm<C> for () {
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let call: Vec<u8> = ().encode();
 /// let message = Xcm::Transact { origin_type: OriginKind::Superuser, require_weight_at_most: 0, call: call.into() };
-/// let destination = MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parent);
+/// let destination: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
 ///
 /// assert!(
 ///     // Sender2 will block this.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 use frame_support::{ensure, traits::Contains, weights::Weight};
 use polkadot_parachain::primitives::IsSystem;
 use sp_std::{marker::PhantomData, result::Result};
-use xcm::latest::{Junction, MultiLocation, Order, Xcm};
+use xcm::latest::{Junction, Junctions, MultiLocation, Order, Xcm};
 use xcm_executor::traits::{OnResponse, ShouldExecute};

 /// Execution barrier that just takes `shallow_weight` from `weight_credit`.
@@ -84,7 +84,11 @@ impl<T: Contains<MultiLocation>> ShouldExecute for AllowUnpaidExecutionFrom<T> {
 pub struct IsChildSystemParachain<ParaId>(PhantomData<ParaId>);
 impl<ParaId: IsSystem + From<u32>> Contains<MultiLocation> for IsChildSystemParachain<ParaId> {
 	fn contains(l: &MultiLocation) -> bool {
-		matches!(l, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) if ParaId::from(*id).is_system())
+		matches!(
+			l.interior(),
+			Junctions::X1(Junction::Parachain(id))
+				if ParaId::from(*id).is_system() && l.parent_count() == 0,
+		)
 	}
 }

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl From<Error> for XcmError {
 /// # Example
 /// ```
 /// use frame_support::parameter_types;
-/// use xcm::latest::{MultiLocation, Junction};
+/// use xcm::latest::prelude::*;
 /// use xcm_builder::{ParentIsDefault, CurrencyAdapter, IsConcrete};
 ///
 /// /// Our chain's account id.
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl From<Error> for XcmError {
 ///
 /// /// Our relay chain's location.
 /// parameter_types! {
-///     RelayChain: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parent);
+///     RelayChain: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
 ///     CheckingAccount: AccountId = Default::default();
 /// }
 ///
@@ -38,18 +38,24 @@ impl<Prefix: Get<MultiLocation>, AssetId: Clone, ConvertAssetId: Convert<u128, A
 	fn convert_ref(id: impl Borrow<MultiLocation>) -> result::Result<AssetId, ()> {
 		let prefix = Prefix::get();
 		let id = id.borrow();
-		if !prefix.iter().enumerate().all(|(index, item)| id.at(index) == Some(item)) {
+		if prefix.parent_count() != id.parent_count() ||
+			prefix
+				.interior()
+				.iter()
+				.enumerate()
+				.any(|(index, junction)| id.interior().at(index) != Some(junction))
+		{
 			return Err(())
 		}
-		match id.at(prefix.len()) {
-			Some(Junction::GeneralIndex { id }) => ConvertAssetId::convert_ref(id),
+		match id.interior().at(prefix.interior().len()) {
+			Some(Junction::GeneralIndex(id)) => ConvertAssetId::convert_ref(id),
 			_ => Err(()),
 		}
 	}
 	fn reverse_ref(what: impl Borrow<AssetId>) -> result::Result<MultiLocation, ()> {
 		let mut location = Prefix::get();
 		let id = ConvertAssetId::reverse_ref(what)?;
-		location.push(Junction::GeneralIndex { id }).map_err(|_| ())?;
+		location.push_interior(Junction::GeneralIndex(id))?;
 		Ok(location)
 	}
 }
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use parity_scale_codec::Encode;
 use sp_io::hashing::blake2_256;
 use sp_runtime::traits::AccountIdConversion;
 use sp_std::{borrow::Borrow, marker::PhantomData};
-use xcm::latest::{Junction, MultiLocation, NetworkId};
+use xcm::latest::{Junction::*, Junctions::*, MultiLocation, NetworkId, Parent};
 use xcm_executor::traits::{Convert, InvertLocation};

 pub struct Account32Hash<Network, AccountId>(PhantomData<(Network, AccountId)>);
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl<AccountId: Default + Eq + Clone> Convert<MultiLocation, AccountId>
 	for ParentIsDefault<AccountId>
 {
 	fn convert_ref(location: impl Borrow<MultiLocation>) -> Result<AccountId, ()> {
-		if let &MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parent) = location.borrow() {
+		if location.borrow().contains_parents_only(1) {
 			Ok(AccountId::default())
 		} else {
 			Err(())
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<AccountId: Default + Eq + Clone> Convert<MultiLocation, AccountId>

 	fn reverse_ref(who: impl Borrow<AccountId>) -> Result<MultiLocation, ()> {
 		if who.borrow() == &AccountId::default() {
-			Ok(Junction::Parent.into())
+			Ok(Parent.into())
 		} else {
 			Err(())
 		}
@@ -63,16 +63,16 @@ impl<ParaId: From<u32> + Into<u32> + AccountIdConversion<AccountId>, AccountId:
 	Convert<MultiLocation, AccountId> for ChildParachainConvertsVia<ParaId, AccountId>
 {
 	fn convert_ref(location: impl Borrow<MultiLocation>) -> Result<AccountId, ()> {
-		if let &MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) = location.borrow() {
-			Ok(ParaId::from(id).into_account())
-		} else {
-			Err(())
+		match location.borrow() {
+			MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Parachain(id)) } =>
+				Ok(ParaId::from(*id).into_account()),
+			_ => Err(()),
 		}
 	}

 	fn reverse_ref(who: impl Borrow<AccountId>) -> Result<MultiLocation, ()> {
 		if let Some(id) = ParaId::try_from_account(who.borrow()) {
-			Ok(Junction::Parachain(id.into()).into())
+			Ok(Parachain(id.into()).into())
 		} else {
 			Err(())
 		}
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ impl<ParaId: From<u32> + Into<u32> + AccountIdConversion<AccountId>, AccountId:
 	Convert<MultiLocation, AccountId> for SiblingParachainConvertsVia<ParaId, AccountId>
 {
 	fn convert_ref(location: impl Borrow<MultiLocation>) -> Result<AccountId, ()> {
-		if let &MultiLocation::X2(Junction::Parent, Junction::Parachain(id)) = location.borrow() {
-			Ok(ParaId::from(id).into_account())
-		} else {
-			Err(())
+		match location.borrow() {
+			MultiLocation { parents: 1, interior: X1(Parachain(id)) } =>
+				Ok(ParaId::from(*id).into_account()),
+			_ => Err(()),
 		}
 	}

 	fn reverse_ref(who: impl Borrow<AccountId>) -> Result<MultiLocation, ()> {
 		if let Some(id) = ParaId::try_from_account(who.borrow()) {
-			Ok([Junction::Parent, Junction::Parachain(id.into())].into())
+			Ok(MultiLocation::new(1, X1(Parachain(id.into()))))
 		} else {
 			Err(())
 		}
@@ -107,17 +107,20 @@ impl<Network: Get<NetworkId>, AccountId: From<[u8; 32]> + Into<[u8; 32]> + Clone
 {
 	fn convert(location: MultiLocation) -> Result<AccountId, MultiLocation> {
 		let id = match location {
-			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::AccountId32 { id, network: NetworkId::Any }) => id,
-			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::AccountId32 { id, network })
-				if &network == &Network::get() =>
+			MultiLocation {
+				parents: 0,
+				interior: X1(AccountId32 { id, network: NetworkId::Any }),
+			} => id,
+			MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(AccountId32 { id, network }) }
+				if network == Network::get() =>
 				id,
-			l => return Err(l),
+			_ => return Err(location),
 		};
 		Ok(id.into())
 	}

 	fn reverse(who: AccountId) -> Result<MultiLocation, AccountId> {
-		Ok(Junction::AccountId32 { id: who.into(), network: Network::get() }.into())
+		Ok(AccountId32 { id: who.into(), network: Network::get() }.into())
 	}
 }

@@ -127,17 +130,20 @@ impl<Network: Get<NetworkId>, AccountId: From<[u8; 20]> + Into<[u8; 20]> + Clone
 {
 	fn convert(location: MultiLocation) -> Result<AccountId, MultiLocation> {
 		let key = match location {
-			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::AccountKey20 { key, network: NetworkId::Any }) => key,
-			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::AccountKey20 { key, network })
-				if &network == &Network::get() =>
+			MultiLocation {
+				parents: 0,
+				interior: X1(AccountKey20 { key, network: NetworkId::Any }),
+			} => key,
+			MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(AccountKey20 { key, network }) }
+				if network == Network::get() =>
 				key,
-			l => return Err(l),
+			_ => return Err(location),
 		};
 		Ok(key.into())
 	}

 	fn reverse(who: AccountId) -> Result<MultiLocation, AccountId> {
-		let j = Junction::AccountKey20 { key: who.into(), network: Network::get() };
+		let j = AccountKey20 { key: who.into(), network: Network::get() };
 		Ok(j.into())
 	}
 }
@@ -155,7 +161,7 @@ impl<Network: Get<NetworkId>, AccountId: From<[u8; 20]> + Into<[u8; 20]> + Clone
 /// ```
 /// ```rust
 /// # use frame_support::parameter_types;
-/// # use xcm::latest::{MultiLocation::{self, *}, Junction::*, NetworkId::Any};
+/// # use xcm::latest::{MultiLocation, Junction::*, Junctions::{self, *}, NetworkId::Any};
 /// # use xcm_builder::LocationInverter;
 /// # use xcm_executor::traits::InvertLocation;
 /// # fn main() {
@@ -163,16 +169,14 @@ impl<Network: Get<NetworkId>, AccountId: From<[u8; 20]> + Into<[u8; 20]> + Clone
 ///     pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X2(
 ///         Parachain(1),
 ///         AccountKey20 { network: Any, key: Default::default() },
-///     );
+///     ).into();
 /// }
 ///
-/// let input = X4(Parent, Parent, Parachain(2), AccountId32 { network: Any, id: Default::default() });
+/// let input = MultiLocation::new(2, X2(Parachain(2), AccountId32 { network: Any, id: Default::default() }));
 /// let inverted = LocationInverter::<Ancestry>::invert_location(&input);
-/// assert_eq!(inverted, X4(
-///     Parent,
-///     Parent,
-///     Parachain(1),
-///     AccountKey20 { network: Any, key: Default::default() },
+/// assert_eq!(inverted, MultiLocation::new(
+///     2,
+///     X2(Parachain(1), AccountKey20 { network: Any, key: Default::default() }),
 /// ));
 /// # }
 /// ```
@@ -180,18 +184,14 @@ pub struct LocationInverter<Ancestry>(PhantomData<Ancestry>);
 impl<Ancestry: Get<MultiLocation>> InvertLocation for LocationInverter<Ancestry> {
 	fn invert_location(location: &MultiLocation) -> MultiLocation {
 		let mut ancestry = Ancestry::get();
-		let mut result = location.clone();
-		for (i, j) in location
-			.iter_rev()
-			.map(|j| match j {
-				Junction::Parent => ancestry.take_first().unwrap_or(Junction::OnlyChild),
-				_ => Junction::Parent,
-			})
-			.enumerate()
-		{
-			*result.at_mut(i).expect("location and result begin equal; same size; qed") = j;
+		let mut junctions = Here;
+		for _ in 0..location.parent_count() {
+			junctions = junctions
+				.pushed_with(ancestry.take_first_interior().unwrap_or(OnlyChild))
+				.expect("ancestry is well-formed and has less than 8 non-parent junctions; qed");
 		}
-		result
+		let parents = location.interior().len() as u8;
+		MultiLocation::new(parents, junctions)
 	}
 }

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use super::*;

 	use frame_support::parameter_types;
-	use xcm::latest::{Junction::*, MultiLocation::*, NetworkId::Any};
+	use xcm::latest::{Junction, NetworkId::Any};

 	fn account20() -> Junction {
 		AccountKey20 { network: Any, key: Default::default() }
@@ -225,12 +225,12 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn inverter_works_in_tree() {
 		parameter_types! {
-			pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X3(Parachain(1), account20(), account20());
+			pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X3(Parachain(1), account20(), account20()).into();
 		}

-		let input = X5(Parent, Parent, Parent, Parachain(2), account32());
+		let input = MultiLocation::new(3, X2(Parachain(2), account32()));
 		let inverted = LocationInverter::<Ancestry>::invert_location(&input);
-		assert_eq!(inverted, X5(Parent, Parent, Parachain(1), account20(), account20()));
+		assert_eq!(inverted, MultiLocation::new(2, X3(Parachain(1), account20(), account20())));
 	}

 	// Network Topology
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn inverter_uses_ancestry_as_inverted_location() {
 		parameter_types! {
-			pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X2(account20(), account20());
+			pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X2(account20(), account20()).into();
 		}

-		let input = X2(Parent, Parent);
+		let input = MultiLocation::grandparent();
 		let inverted = LocationInverter::<Ancestry>::invert_location(&input);
-		assert_eq!(inverted, X2(account20(), account20()));
+		assert_eq!(inverted, X2(account20(), account20()).into());
 	}

 	// Network Topology
@@ -255,11 +255,11 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn inverter_uses_only_child_on_missing_ancestry() {
 		parameter_types! {
-			pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X1(PalletInstance(5));
+			pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = X1(PalletInstance(5)).into();
 		}

-		let input = X2(Parent, Parent);
+		let input = MultiLocation::grandparent();
 		let inverted = LocationInverter::<Ancestry>::invert_location(&input);
-		assert_eq!(inverted, X2(PalletInstance(5), OnlyChild));
+		assert_eq!(inverted, X2(PalletInstance(5), OnlyChild).into());
 	}
 }
@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ use xcm_executor::traits::MatchesFungible;
 /// # Example
 ///
 /// ```
-/// use xcm::latest::prelude::*;
+/// use xcm::latest::{MultiLocation, Parent};
 /// use xcm_builder::IsConcrete;
 /// use xcm_executor::traits::MatchesFungible;
 ///
 /// frame_support::parameter_types! {
-/// 	pub TargetLocation: MultiLocation = X1(Parent);
+/// 	pub TargetLocation: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
 /// }
 ///
 /// # fn main() {
-/// let asset = (X1(Parent), 999).into();
+/// let asset = (Parent, 999).into();
 /// // match `asset` if it is a concrete asset in `TargetLocation`.
 /// assert_eq!(<IsConcrete<TargetLocation> as MatchesFungible<u128>>::matches_fungible(&asset), Some(999));
 /// # }
@@ -146,16 +146,16 @@ impl TransactAsset for TestAssetTransactor {
 pub fn to_account(l: MultiLocation) -> Result<u64, MultiLocation> {
 	Ok(match l {
 		// Siblings at 2000+id
-		X2(Parent, Parachain(id)) => 2000 + id as u64,
+		MultiLocation { parents: 1, interior: X1(Parachain(id)) } => 2000 + id as u64,
 		// Accounts are their number
-		X1(AccountIndex64 { index, .. }) => index,
+		MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(AccountIndex64 { index, .. }) } => index,
 		// Children at 1000+id
-		X1(Parachain(id)) => 1000 + id as u64,
+		MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Parachain(id)) } => 1000 + id as u64,
 		// Self at 3000
-		Here => 3000,
+		MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: Here } => 3000,
 		// Parent at 3001
-		X1(Parent) => 3001,
-		l => return Err(l),
+		MultiLocation { parents: 1, interior: Here } => 3001,
+		_ => return Err(l),
 	})
 }

@@ -169,9 +169,11 @@ impl ConvertOrigin<TestOrigin> for TestOriginConverter {
 		match (kind, origin) {
 			(Superuser, _) => Ok(TestOrigin::Root),
 			(SovereignAccount, l) => Ok(TestOrigin::Signed(to_account(l)?)),
-			(Native, X1(Parachain(id))) => Ok(TestOrigin::Parachain(id)),
-			(Native, X1(Parent)) => Ok(TestOrigin::Relay),
-			(Native, X1(AccountIndex64 { index, .. })) => Ok(TestOrigin::Signed(index)),
+			(Native, MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Parachain(id)) }) =>
+				Ok(TestOrigin::Parachain(id)),
+			(Native, MultiLocation { parents: 1, interior: Here }) => Ok(TestOrigin::Relay),
+			(Native, MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(AccountIndex64 { index, .. }) }) =>
+				Ok(TestOrigin::Signed(index)),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
 	}
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ pub fn response(query_id: u64) -> Option<Response> {
 }

 parameter_types! {
-	pub TestAncestry: MultiLocation = X1(Parachain(42));
+	pub TestAncestry: MultiLocation = X1(Parachain(42)).into();
 	pub UnitWeightCost: Weight = 10;
 }
 parameter_types! {
@@ -255,7 +257,7 @@ parameter_types! {
 	pub static AllowUnpaidFrom: Vec<MultiLocation> = vec![];
 	pub static AllowPaidFrom: Vec<MultiLocation> = vec![];
 	// 1_000_000_000_000 => 1 unit of asset for 1 unit of Weight.
-	pub static WeightPrice: (AssetId, u128) = (Here.into(), 1_000_000_000_000);
+	pub static WeightPrice: (AssetId, u128) = (From::from(Here), 1_000_000_000_000);
 }

 pub type TestBarrier = (
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use frame_support::traits::{EnsureOrigin, Get, GetBacking, OriginTrait};
 use frame_system::RawOrigin as SystemRawOrigin;
 use polkadot_parachain::primitives::IsSystem;
 use sp_std::{convert::TryInto, marker::PhantomData};
-use xcm::latest::{BodyId, BodyPart, Junction, MultiLocation, NetworkId, OriginKind};
+use xcm::latest::{BodyId, BodyPart, Junction, Junctions::*, MultiLocation, NetworkId, OriginKind};
 use xcm_executor::traits::{Convert, ConvertOrigin};

 /// Sovereign accounts use the system's `Signed` origin with an account ID derived from the `LocationConverter`.
@@ -45,9 +45,10 @@ where
 pub struct ParentAsSuperuser<Origin>(PhantomData<Origin>);
 impl<Origin: OriginTrait> ConvertOrigin<Origin> for ParentAsSuperuser<Origin> {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
-		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Superuser, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parent)) => Ok(Origin::root()),
-			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
+		if kind == OriginKind::Superuser && origin.contains_parents_only(1) {
+			Ok(Origin::root())
+		} else {
+			Err(origin)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -58,9 +59,10 @@ impl<ParaId: IsSystem + From<u32>, Origin: OriginTrait> ConvertOrigin<Origin>
 {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
 		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Superuser, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)))
-				if ParaId::from(id).is_system() =>
-				Ok(Origin::root()),
+			(
+				OriginKind::Superuser,
+				MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) },
+			) if ParaId::from(id).is_system() => Ok(Origin::root()),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
 	}
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ impl<ParaId: IsSystem + From<u32>, Origin: OriginTrait> ConvertOrigin<Origin>
 		match (kind, origin) {
 			(
 				OriginKind::Superuser,
-				MultiLocation::X2(Junction::Parent, Junction::Parachain(id)),
+				MultiLocation { parents: 1, interior: X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) },
 			) if ParaId::from(id).is_system() => Ok(Origin::root()),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
@@ -87,8 +89,10 @@ impl<ParachainOrigin: From<u32>, Origin: From<ParachainOrigin>> ConvertOrigin<Or
 {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
 		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Native, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id))) =>
-				Ok(Origin::from(ParachainOrigin::from(id))),
+			(
+				OriginKind::Native,
+				MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) },
+			) => Ok(Origin::from(ParachainOrigin::from(id))),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
 	}
@@ -102,8 +106,10 @@ impl<ParachainOrigin: From<u32>, Origin: From<ParachainOrigin>> ConvertOrigin<Or
 {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
 		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Native, MultiLocation::X2(Junction::Parent, Junction::Parachain(id))) =>
-				Ok(Origin::from(ParachainOrigin::from(id))),
+			(
+				OriginKind::Native,
+				MultiLocation { parents: 1, interior: X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) },
+			) => Ok(Origin::from(ParachainOrigin::from(id))),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
 	}
@@ -115,9 +121,10 @@ impl<RelayOrigin: Get<Origin>, Origin> ConvertOrigin<Origin>
 	for RelayChainAsNative<RelayOrigin, Origin>
 {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
-		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Native, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parent)) => Ok(RelayOrigin::get()),
-			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
+		if kind == OriginKind::Native && origin.contains_parents_only(1) {
+			Ok(RelayOrigin::get())
+		} else {
+			Err(origin)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -130,8 +137,10 @@ where
 {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
 		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Native, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::AccountId32 { id, network }))
-				if matches!(network, NetworkId::Any) || network == Network::get() =>
+			(
+				OriginKind::Native,
+				MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Junction::AccountId32 { id, network }) },
+			) if matches!(network, NetworkId::Any) || network == Network::get() =>
 				Ok(Origin::signed(id.into())),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
@@ -146,8 +155,10 @@ where
 {
 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, kind: OriginKind) -> Result<Origin, MultiLocation> {
 		match (kind, origin) {
-			(OriginKind::Native, MultiLocation::X1(Junction::AccountKey20 { key, network }))
-				if matches!(network, NetworkId::Any) || network == Network::get() =>
+			(
+				OriginKind::Native,
+				MultiLocation { parents: 0, interior: X1(Junction::AccountKey20 { key, network }) },
+			) if (matches!(network, NetworkId::Any) || network == Network::get()) =>
 				Ok(Origin::signed(key.into())),
 			(_, origin) => Err(origin),
 		}
@@ -170,7 +181,7 @@ where
 		// We institute a root fallback so root can always represent the context. This
 		// guarantees that `successful_origin` will work.
 		if o.caller() == Origin::root().caller() {
-			Ok(MultiLocation::Here)
+			Ok(Here.into())
 		} else {
 			Err(o)
 		}
@@ -20,35 +20,41 @@ use xcm_executor::{traits::*, Config, XcmExecutor};

 #[test]
 fn basic_setup_works() {
-	add_reserve(X1(Parent), Wild((X1(Parent), WildFungible).into()));
+	add_reserve(Parent.into(), Wild((Parent, WildFungible).into()));
 	assert!(<TestConfig as Config>::IsReserve::filter_asset_location(
-		&(X1(Parent), 100).into(),
-		&X1(Parent),
+		&(Parent, 100).into(),
+		&Parent.into(),
 	));

-	assert_eq!(to_account(X1(Parachain(1))), Ok(1001));
-	assert_eq!(to_account(X1(Parachain(50))), Ok(1050));
-	assert_eq!(to_account(X2(Parent, Parachain(1))), Ok(2001));
-	assert_eq!(to_account(X2(Parent, Parachain(50))), Ok(2050));
-	assert_eq!(to_account(X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 1, network: Any })), Ok(1));
-	assert_eq!(to_account(X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 42, network: Any })), Ok(42));
-	assert_eq!(to_account(Here), Ok(3000));
+	assert_eq!(to_account(X1(Parachain(1)).into()), Ok(1001));
+	assert_eq!(to_account(X1(Parachain(50)).into()), Ok(1050));
+	assert_eq!(to_account(MultiLocation::new(1, X1(Parachain(1)))), Ok(2001));
+	assert_eq!(to_account(MultiLocation::new(1, X1(Parachain(50)))), Ok(2050));
+	assert_eq!(
+		to_account(MultiLocation::new(0, X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 1, network: Any }))),
+		Ok(1),
+	);
+	assert_eq!(
+		to_account(MultiLocation::new(0, X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 42, network: Any }))),
+		Ok(42),
+	);
+	assert_eq!(to_account(Here.into()), Ok(3000));
 }

 #[test]
 fn weigher_should_work() {
 	let mut message = opaque::Xcm::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-		assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+		assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 		effects: vec![
 			Order::BuyExecution {
-				fees: (X1(Parent), 1).into(),
+				fees: (Parent, 1).into(),
 				weight: 0,
 				debt: 30,
 				halt_on_error: true,
 				orders: vec![],
 				instructions: vec![],
 			},
-			Order::DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: Here },
+			Order::DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: Here.into() },
 		],
 	}
 	.into();
@@ -58,16 +64,26 @@ fn weigher_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn take_weight_credit_barrier_should_work() {
 	let mut message =
-		opaque::Xcm::TransferAsset { assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(), beneficiary: Here };
+		opaque::Xcm::TransferAsset { assets: (Parent, 100).into(), beneficiary: Here.into() };

 	let mut weight_credit = 10;
-	let r =
-		TakeWeightCredit::should_execute(&X1(Parent), true, &mut message, 10, &mut weight_credit);
+	let r = TakeWeightCredit::should_execute(
+		&Parent.into(),
+		true,
+		&mut message,
+		10,
+		&mut weight_credit,
+	);
 	assert_eq!(r, Ok(()));
 	assert_eq!(weight_credit, 0);

-	let r =
-		TakeWeightCredit::should_execute(&X1(Parent), true, &mut message, 10, &mut weight_credit);
+	let r = TakeWeightCredit::should_execute(
+		&Parent.into(),
+		true,
+		&mut message,
+		10,
+		&mut weight_credit,
+	);
 	assert_eq!(r, Err(()));
 	assert_eq!(weight_credit, 0);
 }
@@ -75,12 +91,12 @@ fn take_weight_credit_barrier_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn allow_unpaid_should_work() {
 	let mut message =
-		opaque::Xcm::TransferAsset { assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(), beneficiary: Here };
+		opaque::Xcm::TransferAsset { assets: (Parent, 100).into(), beneficiary: Here.into() };

-	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parent)]);
+	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![Parent.into()]);

 	let r = AllowUnpaidExecutionFrom::<IsInVec<AllowUnpaidFrom>>::should_execute(
-		&X1(Parachain(1)),
+		&Parachain(1).into(),
 		true,
 		&mut message,
 		10,
@@ -89,7 +105,7 @@ fn allow_unpaid_should_work() {
 	assert_eq!(r, Err(()));

 	let r = AllowUnpaidExecutionFrom::<IsInVec<AllowUnpaidFrom>>::should_execute(
-		&X1(Parent),
+		&Parent.into(),
 		true,
 		&mut message,
 		10,
@@ -100,13 +116,13 @@ fn allow_unpaid_should_work() {

 #[test]
 fn allow_paid_should_work() {
-	AllowPaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parent)]);
+	AllowPaidFrom::set(vec![Parent.into()]);

 	let mut message =
-		opaque::Xcm::TransferAsset { assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(), beneficiary: Here };
+		opaque::Xcm::TransferAsset { assets: (Parent, 100).into(), beneficiary: Here.into() };

 	let r = AllowTopLevelPaidExecutionFrom::<IsInVec<AllowPaidFrom>>::should_execute(
-		&X1(Parachain(1)),
+		&Parachain(1).into(),
 		true,
 		&mut message,
 		10,
@@ -114,9 +130,9 @@ fn allow_paid_should_work() {
 	);
 	assert_eq!(r, Err(()));

-	let fees = (X1(Parent), 1).into();
+	let fees = (Parent, 1).into();
 	let mut underpaying_message = opaque::Xcm::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-		assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+		assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 		effects: vec![
 			Order::BuyExecution {
 				fees,
@@ -126,12 +142,12 @@ fn allow_paid_should_work() {
 				orders: vec![],
 				instructions: vec![],
 			},
-			Order::DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: Here },
+			Order::DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: Here.into() },
 		],
 	};

 	let r = AllowTopLevelPaidExecutionFrom::<IsInVec<AllowPaidFrom>>::should_execute(
-		&X1(Parent),
+		&Parent.into(),
 		true,
 		&mut underpaying_message,
 		30,
@@ -139,9 +155,9 @@ fn allow_paid_should_work() {
 	);
 	assert_eq!(r, Err(()));

-	let fees = (X1(Parent), 1).into();
+	let fees = (Parent, 1).into();
 	let mut paying_message = opaque::Xcm::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-		assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+		assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 		effects: vec![
 			Order::BuyExecution {
 				fees,
@@ -151,12 +167,12 @@ fn allow_paid_should_work() {
 				orders: vec![],
 				instructions: vec![],
 			},
-			Order::DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: Here },
+			Order::DepositAsset { assets: All.into(), max_assets: 1, beneficiary: Here.into() },
 		],
 	};

 	let r = AllowTopLevelPaidExecutionFrom::<IsInVec<AllowPaidFrom>>::should_execute(
-		&X1(Parachain(1)),
+		&Parachain(1).into(),
 		true,
 		&mut paying_message,
 		30,
@@ -165,7 +181,7 @@ fn allow_paid_should_work() {
 	assert_eq!(r, Err(()));

 	let r = AllowTopLevelPaidExecutionFrom::<IsInVec<AllowPaidFrom>>::should_execute(
-		&X1(Parent),
+		&Parent.into(),
 		true,
 		&mut paying_message,
 		30,
@@ -176,14 +192,14 @@ fn allow_paid_should_work() {

 #[test]
 fn paying_reserve_deposit_should_work() {
-	AllowPaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parent)]);
-	add_reserve(X1(Parent), (Parent, WildFungible).into());
+	AllowPaidFrom::set(vec![Parent.into()]);
+	add_reserve(Parent.into(), (Parent, WildFungible).into());
 	WeightPrice::set((Parent.into(), 1_000_000_000_000));

-	let origin = X1(Parent);
-	let fees = (X1(Parent), 30).into();
+	let origin = Parent.into();
+	let fees = (Parent, 30).into();
 	let message = Xcm::<TestCall>::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-		assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+		assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 		effects: vec![
 			Order::<TestCall>::BuyExecution {
 				fees,
@@ -196,28 +212,28 @@ fn paying_reserve_deposit_should_work() {
 			Order::<TestCall>::DepositAsset {
 				assets: All.into(),
 				max_assets: 1,
-				beneficiary: Here,
+				beneficiary: Here.into(),
 			},
 		],
 	};
 	let weight_limit = 50;
 	let r = XcmExecutor::<TestConfig>::execute_xcm(origin, message, weight_limit);
 	assert_eq!(r, Outcome::Complete(30));
-	assert_eq!(assets(3000), vec![(X1(Parent), 70).into()]);
+	assert_eq!(assets(3000), vec![(Parent, 70).into()]);
 }

 #[test]
 fn transfer_should_work() {
 	// we'll let them have message execution for free.
-	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parachain(1))]);
+	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parachain(1)).into()]);
 	// Child parachain #1 owns 1000 tokens held by us in reserve.
 	add_asset(1001, (Here, 1000).into());
 	// They want to transfer 100 of them to their sibling parachain #2
 	let r = XcmExecutor::<TestConfig>::execute_xcm(
-		X1(Parachain(1)),
+		Parachain(1).into(),
 		Xcm::TransferAsset {
 			assets: (Here, 100).into(),
-			beneficiary: X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 3, network: Any }),
+			beneficiary: X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 3, network: Any }).into(),
 		},
 		50,
 	);
@@ -229,19 +245,19 @@ fn transfer_should_work() {

 #[test]
 fn reserve_transfer_should_work() {
-	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parachain(1))]);
+	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parachain(1)).into()]);
 	// Child parachain #1 owns 1000 tokens held by us in reserve.
 	add_asset(1001, (Here, 1000).into());
 	// The remote account owned by gav.
-	let three = X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 3, network: Any });
+	let three: MultiLocation = X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 3, network: Any }).into();

 	// They want to transfer 100 of our native asset from sovereign account of parachain #1 into #2
 	// and let them know to hand it to account #3.
 	let r = XcmExecutor::<TestConfig>::execute_xcm(
-		X1(Parachain(1)),
+		Parachain(1).into(),
 		Xcm::TransferReserveAsset {
 			assets: (Here, 100).into(),
-			dest: X1(Parachain(2)),
+			dest: Parachain(2).into(),
 			effects: vec![Order::DepositAsset {
 				assets: All.into(),
 				max_assets: 1,
@@ -256,9 +272,9 @@ fn reserve_transfer_should_work() {
 	assert_eq!(
 		sent_xcm(),
 		vec![(
-			X1(Parachain(2)),
+			Parachain(2).into(),
 			Xcm::ReserveAssetDeposited {
-				assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+				assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 				effects: vec![Order::DepositAsset {
 					assets: All.into(),
 					max_assets: 1,
@@ -271,9 +287,9 @@ fn reserve_transfer_should_work() {

 #[test]
 fn transacting_should_work() {
-	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parent)]);
+	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![Parent.into()]);

-	let origin = X1(Parent);
+	let origin = Parent.into();
 	let message = Xcm::<TestCall>::Transact {
 		origin_type: OriginKind::Native,
 		require_weight_at_most: 50,
@@ -286,9 +302,9 @@ fn transacting_should_work() {

 #[test]
 fn transacting_should_respect_max_weight_requirement() {
-	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parent)]);
+	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![Parent.into()]);

-	let origin = X1(Parent);
+	let origin = Parent.into();
 	let message = Xcm::<TestCall>::Transact {
 		origin_type: OriginKind::Native,
 		require_weight_at_most: 40,
@@ -301,9 +317,9 @@ fn transacting_should_respect_max_weight_requirement() {

 #[test]
 fn transacting_should_refund_weight() {
-	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![X1(Parent)]);
+	AllowUnpaidFrom::set(vec![Parent.into()]);

-	let origin = X1(Parent);
+	let origin = Parent.into();
 	let message = Xcm::<TestCall>::Transact {
 		origin_type: OriginKind::Native,
 		require_weight_at_most: 50,
@@ -316,15 +332,15 @@ fn transacting_should_refund_weight() {

 #[test]
 fn paid_transacting_should_refund_payment_for_unused_weight() {
-	let one = X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 1, network: Any });
+	let one: MultiLocation = X1(AccountIndex64 { index: 1, network: Any }).into();
 	AllowPaidFrom::set(vec![one.clone()]);
 	add_asset(1, (Parent, 100).into());
 	WeightPrice::set((Parent.into(), 1_000_000_000_000));

 	let origin = one.clone();
-	let fees = (X1(Parent), 100).into();
+	let fees = (Parent, 100).into();
 	let message = Xcm::<TestCall>::WithdrawAsset {
-		assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(), // enough for 100 units of weight.
+		assets: (Parent, 100).into(), // enough for 100 units of weight.
 		effects: vec![
 			Order::<TestCall>::BuyExecution {
 				fees,
@@ -349,17 +365,17 @@ fn paid_transacting_should_refund_payment_for_unused_weight() {
 	let weight_limit = 100;
 	let r = XcmExecutor::<TestConfig>::execute_xcm(origin, message, weight_limit);
 	assert_eq!(r, Outcome::Complete(50));
-	assert_eq!(assets(1), vec![(X1(Parent), 50).into()]);
+	assert_eq!(assets(1), vec![(Parent, 50).into()]);
 }

 #[test]
 fn prepaid_result_of_query_should_get_free_execution() {
 	let query_id = 33;
-	let origin = X1(Parent);
+	let origin: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
 	// We put this in manually here, but normally this would be done at the point of crafting the message.
 	expect_response(query_id, origin.clone());

-	let the_response = Response::Assets((X1(Parent), 100).into());
+	let the_response = Response::Assets((Parent, 100).into());
 	let message = Xcm::<TestCall>::QueryResponse { query_id, response: the_response.clone() };
 	let weight_limit = 10;

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use polkadot_test_client::{
 use polkadot_test_service::construct_extrinsic;
 use sp_runtime::{generic::BlockId, traits::Block};
 use sp_state_machine::InspectState;
-use xcm::latest::{Error as XcmError, Junction::*, MultiLocation::*, Order, Outcome, Xcm::*};
+use xcm::latest::prelude::*;
 use xcm_executor::MAX_RECURSION_LIMIT;

 // This is the inflection point where the test should either fail or pass.
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ fn execute_within_recursion_limit() {
 		.set_execution_strategy(ExecutionStrategy::AlwaysWasm)
 		.build();

-	let mut msg = WithdrawAsset { assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(), effects: vec![] };
+	let mut msg = WithdrawAsset { assets: (Parent, 100).into(), effects: vec![] };
 	for _ in 0..MAX_RECURSION_CHECK {
 		msg = WithdrawAsset {
-			assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+			assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 			effects: vec![Order::BuyExecution {
-				fees: (X1(Parent), 1).into(),
+				fees: (Parent, 1).into(),
 				weight: 0,
 				debt: 0,
 				halt_on_error: true,
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ fn exceed_recursion_limit() {
 		.set_execution_strategy(ExecutionStrategy::AlwaysWasm)
 		.build();

-	let mut msg = WithdrawAsset { assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(), effects: vec![] };
+	let mut msg = WithdrawAsset { assets: (Parent, 100).into(), effects: vec![] };
 	for _ in 0..(MAX_RECURSION_CHECK + 1) {
 		msg = WithdrawAsset {
-			assets: (X1(Parent), 100).into(),
+			assets: (Parent, 100).into(),
 			effects: vec![Order::BuyExecution {
-				fees: (X1(Parent), 1).into(),
+				fees: (Parent, 1).into(),
 				weight: 0,
 				debt: 0,
 				halt_on_error: true,
@@ -430,7 +430,6 @@ impl Assets {
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use xcm::latest::prelude::*;
-	use MultiLocation::Here;
 	#[allow(non_snake_case)]
 	/// Abstract fungible constructor
 	fn AF(id: u8, amount: u128) -> MultiAsset {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ impl<Config: config::Config> XcmExecutor<Config> {
 				None
 			},
 			(origin, Xcm::RelayedFrom { who, message }) => {
-				ensure!(who.is_interior(), XcmError::EscalationOfPrivilege);
+				ensure!(who.parent_count() == 0, XcmError::EscalationOfPrivilege);
 				let mut origin = origin;
 				origin.append_with(who).map_err(|_| XcmError::MultiLocationFull)?;
 				let surplus = Self::do_execute_xcm(
@@ -139,15 +139,15 @@ impl<T: Clone + Encode + Decode> Convert<Vec<u8>, T> for Decoded {
 /// which is passed to the next convert item.
 ///
 /// ```rust
-/// # use xcm::latest::{MultiLocation, Junction, OriginKind};
+/// # use xcm::latest::{MultiLocation, Junctions, Junction, OriginKind};
 /// # use xcm_executor::traits::ConvertOrigin;
 /// // A convertor that will bump the para id and pass it to the next one.
 /// struct BumpParaId;
 /// impl ConvertOrigin<u32> for BumpParaId {
 /// 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, _: OriginKind) -> Result<u32, MultiLocation> {
-/// 		match origin {
-/// 			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) => {
-/// 				Err(MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id + 1)))
+/// 		match origin.interior() {
+/// 			Junctions::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) if origin.parent_count() == 0 => {
+/// 				Err(Junctions::X1(Junction::Parachain(id + 1)).into())
 /// 			}
 /// 			_ => unreachable!()
 /// 		}
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ impl<T: Clone + Encode + Decode> Convert<Vec<u8>, T> for Decoded {
 /// struct AcceptPara7;
 /// impl ConvertOrigin<u32> for AcceptPara7 {
 /// 	fn convert_origin(origin: MultiLocation, _: OriginKind) -> Result<u32, MultiLocation> {
-/// 		match origin {
-/// 			MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) if id == 7 => {
+/// 		match origin.interior() {
+/// 			Junctions::X1(Junction::Parachain(id)) if id == &7 && origin.parent_count() == 0 => {
 /// 				Ok(7)
 /// 			}
 /// 			_ => Err(origin)
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl<T: Clone + Encode + Decode> Convert<Vec<u8>, T> for Decoded {
 /// 	}
 /// }
 /// # fn main() {
-/// let origin = MultiLocation::X1(Junction::Parachain(6));
+/// let origin: MultiLocation = Junctions::X1(Junction::Parachain(6)).into();
 /// assert!(
 /// 	<(BumpParaId, AcceptPara7) as ConvertOrigin<u32>>::convert_origin(origin, OriginKind::Native)
 /// 		.is_ok()
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl TransactAsset for Tuple {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
-	use MultiLocation::Here;
+	use xcm::latest::Junctions::Here;

 	pub struct UnimplementedTransactor;
 	impl TransactAsset for UnimplementedTransactor {}
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ mod tests {
 			(UnimplementedTransactor, NotFoundTransactor, UnimplementedTransactor);

 		assert_eq!(
-			MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here),
+			MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here.into()),
 			Err(XcmError::AssetNotFound)
 		);
 	}
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn unimplemented_and_not_found_continue_iteration() {
 		type MultiTransactor = (UnimplementedTransactor, NotFoundTransactor, SuccessfulTransactor);

-		assert_eq!(MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here), Ok(()));
+		assert_eq!(MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here.into()), Ok(()),);
 	}

 	#[test]
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ mod tests {
 		type MultiTransactor = (OverflowTransactor, SuccessfulTransactor);

 		assert_eq!(
-			MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here),
+			MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here.into()),
 			Err(XcmError::Overflow)
 		);
 	}
@@ -299,6 +299,6 @@ mod tests {
 	fn success_stops_iteration() {
 		type MultiTransactor = (SuccessfulTransactor, OverflowTransactor);

-		assert_eq!(MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here), Ok(()));
+		assert_eq!(MultiTransactor::deposit_asset(&(Here, 1).into(), &Here.into()), Ok(()),);
 	}
 }
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ mod tests {
 		);
 		Relay::execute_with(|| {
 			assert_ok!(RelayChainPalletXcm::send_xcm(
-				Here,
-				X1(Parachain(1)),
+				Here.into(),
+				Parachain(1).into(),
 				Transact {
 					origin_type: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
 					require_weight_at_most: INITIAL_BALANCE as u64,
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ mod tests {
 		);
 		ParaA::execute_with(|| {
 			assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(
-				Here,
-				X1(Parent),
+				Here.into(),
+				Parent.into(),
 				Transact {
 					origin_type: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
 					require_weight_at_most: INITIAL_BALANCE as u64,
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ mod tests {
 		);
 		ParaA::execute_with(|| {
 			assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(
-				Here,
-				X2(Parent, Parachain(2)),
+				Here.into(),
+				MultiLocation::new(1, X1(Parachain(2))),
 				Transact {
 					origin_type: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
 					require_weight_at_most: INITIAL_BALANCE as u64,
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ mod tests {
 		Relay::execute_with(|| {
 			assert_ok!(RelayChainPalletXcm::reserve_transfer_assets(
 				relay_chain::Origin::signed(ALICE),
-				Box::new(X1(Parachain(1))),
-				Box::new(X1(AccountId32 { network: Any, id: ALICE.into() })),
+				Box::new(X1(Parachain(1)).into()),
+				Box::new(X1(AccountId32 { network: Any, id: ALICE.into() }).into()),
 				(Here, 123).into(),
 				0,
 				3,
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ parameter_types! {
 }

 parameter_types! {
-	pub const KsmLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::X1(Parent);
+	pub const KsmLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::parent();
 	pub const RelayNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Kusama;
 	pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = Parachain(MsgQueue::parachain_id().into()).into();
 }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub type XcmOriginToCallOrigin = (

 parameter_types! {
 	pub const UnitWeightCost: Weight = 1;
-	pub KsmPerSecond: (AssetId, u128) = (Concrete(X1(Parent)), 1);
+	pub KsmPerSecond: (AssetId, u128) = (Concrete(Parent.into()), 1);
 }

 pub type LocalAssetTransactor =
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ pub mod mock_msg_queue {
 			let hash = Encode::using_encoded(&xcm, T::Hashing::hash);
 			let (result, event) = match Xcm::<T::Call>::try_from(xcm) {
 				Ok(xcm) => {
-					let location = (Parent, Parachain(sender.into()));
-					match T::XcmExecutor::execute_xcm(location.into(), xcm, max_weight) {
+					let location = MultiLocation::new(1, X1(Parachain(sender.into())));
+					match T::XcmExecutor::execute_xcm(location, xcm, max_weight) {
 						Outcome::Error(e) => (Err(e.clone()), Event::Fail(Some(hash), e)),
 						Outcome::Complete(w) => (Ok(w), Event::Success(Some(hash))),
 						// As far as the caller is concerned, this was dispatched without error, so
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ impl shared::Config for Runtime {}
 impl configuration::Config for Runtime {}

 parameter_types! {
-	pub const KsmLocation: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub const KsmLocation: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub const KusamaNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Kusama;
 	pub const AnyNetwork: NetworkId = NetworkId::Any;
-	pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = MultiLocation::Here;
+	pub Ancestry: MultiLocation = Here.into();
 	pub UnitWeightCost: Weight = 1_000;
 }

@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ macro_rules! decl_test_network {
 			fn send_xcm(destination: $crate::MultiLocation, message: $crate::Xcm<()>) -> $crate::XcmResult {
 				use $crate::{UmpSink, XcmpMessageHandlerT};

-				match destination {
-					$crate::X1($crate::Parent) => {
+				match destination.interior() {
+					$crate::Junctions::Here if destination.parent_count() == 1 => {
 						let encoded = $crate::encode_xcm(message, $crate::MessageKind::Ump);
 						let _ = <$relay_chain>::process_upward_message(
 							T::get(), &encoded[..],
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ macro_rules! decl_test_network {
 						Ok(())
 					},
 					$(
-						$crate::X2($crate::Parent, $crate::Parachain(id)) if id == $para_id => {
+						$crate::X1($crate::Parachain(id)) if *id == $para_id && destination.parent_count() == 1 => {
 							let encoded = $crate::encode_xcm(message, $crate::MessageKind::Xcmp);
 							let messages = vec![(T::get(), 1, &encoded[..])];
 							let _ = <$parachain>::handle_xcmp_messages(
@@ -226,9 +226,9 @@ macro_rules! decl_test_network {
 			fn send_xcm(destination: $crate::MultiLocation, message: $crate::Xcm<()>) -> $crate::XcmResult {
 				use $crate::DmpMessageHandlerT;

-				match destination {
+				match destination.interior() {
 					$(
-						$crate::X1($crate::Parachain(id)) if id == $para_id => {
+						$crate::X1($crate::Parachain(id)) if *id == $para_id && destination.parent_count() == 0 => {
 							let encoded = $crate::encode_xcm(message, $crate::MessageKind::Dmp);
 							let messages = vec![(1, encoded)];
 							let _ = <$parachain>::handle_dmp_messages(