Mmr persist state (#12822)

client/mmr: persisting gadget state across runs

Fixes #12780

* client/mmr: on init do canonicalization catch-up

* client/mmr: add more tests

* client/mmr: persist gadget progress in aux db

* client/mmr: add more tests

* client/mmr: replace async_std with tokio

* remove leftover comment

* address review comments

Signed-off-by: acatangiu <adrian@parity.io>

substrate/Cargo.lock

@@ -4137,6 +4137,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "log",
  "parity-scale-codec",
+ "parking_lot 0.12.1",
  "sc-block-builder",
  "sc-client-api",
  "sc-offchain",
@@ -4148,6 +4149,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "sp-io",
  "sp-mmr-primitives",
  "sp-runtime",
+ "sp-tracing",
  "substrate-test-runtime-client",
  "tokio",
 ]

substrate/client/merkle-mountain-range/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ sc-offchain = { version = "4.0.0-dev", path = "../offchain" }
 sp-runtime = { version = "7.0.0", path = "../../primitives/runtime" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-tokio = "1.17.0"
+parking_lot = "0.12.1"
 sc-block-builder = { version = "0.10.0-dev", path = "../block-builder" }
+sp-tracing = { version = "6.0.0", path = "../../primitives/tracing" }
 substrate-test-runtime-client = { version = "2.0.0", path = "../../test-utils/runtime/client" }
+tokio = "1.17.0"

substrate/client/merkle-mountain-range/src/aux_schema.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// This file is part of Substrate.
+
+// Copyright (C) 2019-2022 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Schema for MMR-gadget state persisted in the aux-db.
+
+use crate::LOG_TARGET;
+use codec::{Decode, Encode};
+use log::{info, trace};
+use sc_client_api::backend::AuxStore;
+use sp_blockchain::{Error as ClientError, Result as ClientResult};
+use sp_runtime::traits::{Block, NumberFor};
+
+const VERSION_KEY: &[u8] = b"mmr_auxschema_version";
+const GADGET_STATE: &[u8] = b"mmr_gadget_state";
+
+const CURRENT_VERSION: u32 = 1;
+pub(crate) type PersistedState<B> = NumberFor<B>;
+
+pub(crate) fn write_current_version<B: AuxStore>(backend: &B) -> ClientResult<()> {
+	info!(target: LOG_TARGET, "write aux schema version {:?}", CURRENT_VERSION);
+	AuxStore::insert_aux(backend, &[(VERSION_KEY, CURRENT_VERSION.encode().as_slice())], &[])
+}
+
+/// Write gadget state.
+pub(crate) fn write_gadget_state<B: Block, BE: AuxStore>(
+	backend: &BE,
+	state: &PersistedState<B>,
+) -> ClientResult<()> {
+	trace!(target: LOG_TARGET, "persisting {:?}", state);
+	backend.insert_aux(&[(GADGET_STATE, state.encode().as_slice())], &[])
+}
+
+fn load_decode<B: AuxStore, T: Decode>(backend: &B, key: &[u8]) -> ClientResult<Option<T>> {
+	match backend.get_aux(key)? {
+		None => Ok(None),
+		Some(t) => T::decode(&mut &t[..])
+			.map_err(|e| ClientError::Backend(format!("MMR aux DB is corrupted: {}", e)))
+			.map(Some),
+	}
+}
+
+/// Load or initialize persistent data from backend.
+pub(crate) fn load_persistent<B, BE>(backend: &BE) -> ClientResult<Option<PersistedState<B>>>
+where
+	B: Block,
+	BE: AuxStore,
+{
+	let version: Option<u32> = load_decode(backend, VERSION_KEY)?;
+
+	match version {
+		None => (),
+		Some(1) => return load_decode::<_, PersistedState<B>>(backend, GADGET_STATE),
+		other =>
+			return Err(ClientError::Backend(format!("Unsupported MMR aux DB version: {:?}", other))),
+	}
+
+	// No persistent state found in DB.
+	Ok(None)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+	use crate::test_utils::{
+		run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client, MmrBlock, MockClient, OffchainKeyType,
+	};
+	use parking_lot::Mutex;
+	use sp_core::offchain::{DbExternalities, StorageKind};
+	use sp_mmr_primitives::utils::NodesUtils;
+	use sp_runtime::generic::BlockId;
+	use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+	use substrate_test_runtime_client::{runtime::Block, Backend};
+
+	#[test]
+	fn should_load_persistent_sanity_checks() {
+		let client = MockClient::new();
+		let backend = &*client.backend;
+
+		// version not available in db -> None
+		assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(backend).unwrap(), None);
+
+		// populate version in db
+		write_current_version(backend).unwrap();
+		// verify correct version is retrieved
+		assert_eq!(load_decode(backend, VERSION_KEY).unwrap(), Some(CURRENT_VERSION));
+
+		// version is available in db but state isn't -> None
+		assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(backend).unwrap(), None);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn should_persist_progress_across_runs() {
+		sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+
+		let client = Arc::new(MockClient::new());
+		let backend = client.backend.clone();
+
+		// version not available in db -> None
+		assert_eq!(load_decode::<Backend, Option<u32>>(&*backend, VERSION_KEY).unwrap(), None);
+		// state not available in db -> None
+		assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(&*backend).unwrap(), None);
+		// run the gadget while importing and finalizing 3 blocks
+		run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client(
+			client.clone(),
+			|_| async {},
+			|client| async move {
+				let a1 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(0), b"a1", Some(0)).await;
+				let a2 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(1), b"a2", Some(1)).await;
+				let a3 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(2), b"a3", Some(2)).await;
+				client.finalize_block(a3.hash(), Some(3));
+				tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+				// a1, a2, a3 were canonicalized
+				client.assert_canonicalized(&[&a1, &a2, &a3]);
+			},
+		);
+
+		// verify previous progress was persisted and run the gadget again
+		run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client(
+			client.clone(),
+			|client| async move {
+				let backend = &*client.backend;
+				// check there is both version and best canon available in db before running gadget
+				assert_eq!(load_decode(backend, VERSION_KEY).unwrap(), Some(CURRENT_VERSION));
+				assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(backend).unwrap(), Some(3));
+			},
+			|client| async move {
+				let a4 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(3), b"a4", Some(3)).await;
+				let a5 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(4), b"a5", Some(4)).await;
+				let a6 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(5), b"a6", Some(5)).await;
+				client.finalize_block(a6.hash(), Some(6));
+				tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+
+				// a4, a5, a6 were canonicalized
+				client.assert_canonicalized(&[&a4, &a5, &a6]);
+				// check persisted best canon was updated
+				assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(&*client.backend).unwrap(), Some(6));
+			},
+		);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn should_resume_from_persisted_state() {
+		sp_tracing::try_init_simple();
+
+		let client = Arc::new(MockClient::new());
+		let blocks = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::<MmrBlock>::new()));
+		let blocks_clone = blocks.clone();
+
+		// run the gadget while importing and finalizing 3 blocks
+		run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client(
+			client.clone(),
+			|_| async {},
+			|client| async move {
+				let mut blocks = blocks_clone.lock();
+				blocks.push(client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(0), b"a1", Some(0)).await);
+				blocks.push(client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(1), b"a2", Some(1)).await);
+				blocks.push(client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(2), b"a3", Some(2)).await);
+				client.finalize_block(blocks.last().unwrap().hash(), Some(3));
+				tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+				// a1, a2, a3 were canonicalized
+				let slice: Vec<&MmrBlock> = blocks.iter().collect();
+				client.assert_canonicalized(&slice);
+
+				// now manually move them back to non-canon/temp location
+				let mut offchain_db = client.offchain_db();
+				for mmr_block in slice {
+					for node in NodesUtils::right_branch_ending_in_leaf(mmr_block.leaf_idx.unwrap())
+					{
+						let canon_key = mmr_block.get_offchain_key(node, OffchainKeyType::Canon);
+						let val = offchain_db
+							.local_storage_get(StorageKind::PERSISTENT, &canon_key)
+							.unwrap();
+						offchain_db.local_storage_clear(StorageKind::PERSISTENT, &canon_key);
+
+						let temp_key = mmr_block.get_offchain_key(node, OffchainKeyType::Temp);
+						offchain_db.local_storage_set(StorageKind::PERSISTENT, &temp_key, &val);
+					}
+				}
+			},
+		);
+
+		let blocks_clone = blocks.clone();
+		// verify new gadget continues from block 4 and ignores 1, 2, 3 based on persisted state
+		run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client(
+			client.clone(),
+			|client| async move {
+				let blocks = blocks_clone.lock();
+				let slice: Vec<&MmrBlock> = blocks.iter().collect();
+
+				// verify persisted state says a1, a2, a3 were canonicalized,
+				assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(&*client.backend).unwrap(), Some(3));
+				// but actually they are NOT canon (we manually reverted them earlier).
+				client.assert_not_canonicalized(&slice);
+			},
+			|client| async move {
+				let a4 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(3), b"a4", Some(3)).await;
+				let a5 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(4), b"a5", Some(4)).await;
+				let a6 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(5), b"a6", Some(5)).await;
+				client.finalize_block(a6.hash(), Some(6));
+				tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+
+				let block_1_to_3 = blocks.lock();
+				let slice: Vec<&MmrBlock> = block_1_to_3.iter().collect();
+				// verify a1, a2, a3 are still NOT canon (skipped by gadget based on data in aux db)
+				client.assert_not_canonicalized(&slice);
+				// but a4, a5, a6 were canonicalized
+				client.assert_canonicalized(&[&a4, &a5, &a6]);
+				// check persisted best canon was updated
+				assert_eq!(load_persistent::<Block, Backend>(&*client.backend).unwrap(), Some(6));
+			},
+		);
+	}
+}

substrate/client/merkle-mountain-range/src/lib.rs

@@ -37,15 +37,15 @@
 
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 
+mod aux_schema;
 mod offchain_mmr;
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod test_utils;
 
-use std::{marker::PhantomData, sync::Arc};
+use crate::offchain_mmr::OffchainMmr;
-
+use beefy_primitives::MmrRootHash;
 use futures::StreamExt;
-use log::{error, trace, warn};
+use log::{debug, error, trace, warn};
-
 use sc_client_api::{Backend, BlockchainEvents, FinalityNotifications};
 use sc_offchain::OffchainDb;
 use sp_api::ProvideRuntimeApi;
@@ -55,50 +55,75 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 	generic::BlockId,
 	traits::{Block, Header, NumberFor},
 };
-
+use std::{marker::PhantomData, sync::Arc};
-use crate::offchain_mmr::OffchainMMR;
-use beefy_primitives::MmrRootHash;
-use sp_core::offchain::OffchainStorage;
 
 /// Logging target for the mmr gadget.
 pub const LOG_TARGET: &str = "mmr";
 
-struct OffchainMmrBuilder<B: Block, C, S> {
+struct OffchainMmrBuilder<B: Block, BE: Backend<B>, C> {
+	backend: Arc<BE>,
 	client: Arc<C>,
-	offchain_db: OffchainDb<S>,
+	offchain_db: OffchainDb<BE::OffchainStorage>,
 	indexing_prefix: Vec<u8>,
 
 	_phantom: PhantomData<B>,
 }
 
-impl<B, C, S> OffchainMmrBuilder<B, C, S>
+impl<B, BE, C> OffchainMmrBuilder<B, BE, C>
 where
 	B: Block,
+	BE: Backend<B>,
 	C: ProvideRuntimeApi<B> + HeaderBackend<B> + HeaderMetadata<B>,
 	C::Api: MmrApi<B, MmrRootHash, NumberFor<B>>,
-	S: OffchainStorage,
 {
 	async fn try_build(
 		self,
 		finality_notifications: &mut FinalityNotifications<B>,
-	) -> Option<OffchainMMR<C, B, S>> {
+	) -> Option<OffchainMmr<B, BE, C>> {
 		while let Some(notification) = finality_notifications.next().await {
 			let best_block = *notification.header.number();
 			match self.client.runtime_api().mmr_leaf_count(&BlockId::number(best_block)) {
 				Ok(Ok(mmr_leaf_count)) => {
+					debug!(
+						target: LOG_TARGET,
+						"pallet-mmr detected at block {:?} with mmr size {:?}",
+						best_block,
+						mmr_leaf_count
+					);
 					match utils::first_mmr_block_num::<B::Header>(best_block, mmr_leaf_count) {
 						Ok(first_mmr_block) => {
-							let mut offchain_mmr = OffchainMMR {
+							debug!(
+								target: LOG_TARGET,
+								"pallet-mmr genesis computed at block {:?}", first_mmr_block,
+							);
+							let best_canonicalized =
+								match offchain_mmr::load_or_init_best_canonicalized::<B, BE>(
+									&*self.backend,
+									first_mmr_block,
+								) {
+									Ok(best) => best,
+									Err(e) => {
+										error!(
+											target: LOG_TARGET,
+											"Error loading state from aux db: {:?}", e
+										);
+										return None
+									},
+								};
+							let mut offchain_mmr = OffchainMmr {
+								backend: self.backend,
 								client: self.client,
 								offchain_db: self.offchain_db,
 								indexing_prefix: self.indexing_prefix,
 								first_mmr_block,
-
+								best_canonicalized,
-								_phantom: Default::default(),
 							};
+							// We need to make sure all blocks leading up to current notification
+							// have also been canonicalized.
+							offchain_mmr.canonicalize_catch_up(&notification);
 							// We have to canonicalize and prune the blocks in the finality
 							// notification that lead to building the offchain-mmr as well.
-							offchain_mmr.canonicalize_and_prune(&notification);
+							offchain_mmr.canonicalize_and_prune(notification);
 							return Some(offchain_mmr)
 						},
 						Err(e) => {
@@ -143,14 +168,14 @@ where
 	C: BlockchainEvents<B> + HeaderBackend<B> + HeaderMetadata<B> + ProvideRuntimeApi<B>,
 	C::Api: MmrApi<B, MmrRootHash, NumberFor<B>>,
 {
-	async fn run(mut self, builder: OffchainMmrBuilder<B, C, BE::OffchainStorage>) {
+	async fn run(mut self, builder: OffchainMmrBuilder<B, BE, C>) {
 		let mut offchain_mmr = match builder.try_build(&mut self.finality_notifications).await {
 			Some(offchain_mmr) => offchain_mmr,
 			None => return,
 		};
 
 		while let Some(notification) = self.finality_notifications.next().await {
-			offchain_mmr.canonicalize_and_prune(&notification);
+			offchain_mmr.canonicalize_and_prune(notification);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -174,6 +199,7 @@ where
 		};
 		mmr_gadget
 			.run(OffchainMmrBuilder {
+				backend,
 				client,
 				offchain_db,
 				indexing_prefix,

substrate/client/merkle-mountain-range/src/offchain_mmr.rs

@@ -21,33 +21,57 @@
 
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 
-use std::{marker::PhantomData, sync::Arc};
+use crate::{aux_schema, LOG_TARGET};
-
+use log::{debug, error, info, warn};
-use log::{debug, error, warn};
+use sc_client_api::{AuxStore, Backend, FinalityNotification};
-
-use sc_client_api::FinalityNotification;
 use sc_offchain::OffchainDb;
 use sp_blockchain::{CachedHeaderMetadata, ForkBackend, HeaderBackend, HeaderMetadata};
-use sp_core::offchain::{DbExternalities, OffchainStorage, StorageKind};
+use sp_core::offchain::{DbExternalities, StorageKind};
 use sp_mmr_primitives::{utils, utils::NodesUtils, NodeIndex};
-use sp_runtime::traits::{Block, Header};
+use sp_runtime::{
+	traits::{Block, NumberFor, One},
+	Saturating,
+};
+use std::{collections::VecDeque, sync::Arc};
 
-use crate::LOG_TARGET;
+pub(crate) fn load_or_init_best_canonicalized<B, BE>(
-
+	backend: &BE,
-/// `OffchainMMR` exposes MMR offchain canonicalization and pruning logic.
+	first_mmr_block: NumberFor<B>,
-pub struct OffchainMMR<C, B: Block, S> {
+) -> sp_blockchain::Result<NumberFor<B>>
-	pub client: Arc<C>,
+where
-	pub offchain_db: OffchainDb<S>,
+	BE: AuxStore,
-	pub indexing_prefix: Vec<u8>,
+	B: Block,
-	pub first_mmr_block: <B::Header as Header>::Number,
+{
-
+	// Initialize gadget best_canon from AUX DB or from pallet genesis.
-	pub _phantom: PhantomData<B>,
+	if let Some(best) = aux_schema::load_persistent::<B, BE>(backend)? {
+		info!(target: LOG_TARGET, "Loading MMR best canonicalized state from db: {:?}.", best);
+		Ok(best)
+	} else {
+		let best = first_mmr_block.saturating_sub(One::one());
+		info!(
+			target: LOG_TARGET,
+			"Loading MMR from pallet genesis on what appears to be the first startup: {:?}.", best
+		);
+		aux_schema::write_current_version(backend)?;
+		aux_schema::write_gadget_state::<B, BE>(backend, &best)?;
+		Ok(best)
+	}
 }
 
-impl<C, S, B> OffchainMMR<C, B, S>
+/// `OffchainMMR` exposes MMR offchain canonicalization and pruning logic.
+pub struct OffchainMmr<B: Block, BE: Backend<B>, C> {
+	pub backend: Arc<BE>,
+	pub client: Arc<C>,
+	pub offchain_db: OffchainDb<BE::OffchainStorage>,
+	pub indexing_prefix: Vec<u8>,
+	pub first_mmr_block: NumberFor<B>,
+	pub best_canonicalized: NumberFor<B>,
+}
+
+impl<B, BE, C> OffchainMmr<B, BE, C>
 where
 	C: HeaderBackend<B> + HeaderMetadata<B>,
-	S: OffchainStorage,
+	BE: Backend<B>,
 	B: Block,
 {
 	fn node_temp_offchain_key(&self, pos: NodeIndex, parent_hash: B::Hash) -> Vec<u8> {
@@ -77,7 +101,7 @@ where
 
 	fn right_branch_ending_in_block_or_log(
 		&self,
-		block_num: <B::Header as Header>::Number,
+		block_num: NumberFor<B>,
 		action: &str,
 	) -> Option<Vec<NodeIndex>> {
 		match utils::block_num_to_leaf_index::<B::Header>(block_num, self.first_mmr_block) {
@@ -128,9 +152,9 @@ where
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn canonicalize_branch(&mut self, block_hash: &B::Hash) {
+	fn canonicalize_branch(&mut self, block_hash: B::Hash) {
 		let action = "canonicalize";
-		let header = match self.header_metadata_or_log(*block_hash, action) {
+		let header = match self.header_metadata_or_log(block_hash, action) {
 			Some(header) => header,
 			_ => return,
 		};
@@ -148,6 +172,7 @@ where
 			None => {
 				// If we can't convert the block number to a leaf index, the chain state is probably
 				// corrupted. We only log the error, hoping that the chain state will be fixed.
+				self.best_canonicalized = header.number;
 				return
 			},
 		};
@@ -174,16 +199,58 @@ where
 				);
 			}
 		}
+		if self.best_canonicalized != header.number.saturating_sub(One::one()) {
+			warn!(
+				target: LOG_TARGET,
+				"Detected canonicalization skip: best {:?} current {:?}.",
+				self.best_canonicalized,
+				header.number,
+			);
+		}
+		self.best_canonicalized = header.number;
+	}
+
+	/// In case of missed finality notifications (node restarts for example),
+	/// make sure to also canon everything leading up to `notification.tree_route`.
+	pub fn canonicalize_catch_up(&mut self, notification: &FinalityNotification<B>) {
+		let first = notification.tree_route.first().unwrap_or(&notification.hash);
+		if let Some(mut header) = self.header_metadata_or_log(*first, "canonicalize") {
+			let mut to_canon = VecDeque::<<B as Block>::Hash>::new();
+			// Walk up the chain adding all blocks newer than `self.best_canonicalized`.
+			loop {
+				header = match self.header_metadata_or_log(header.parent, "canonicalize") {
+					Some(header) => header,
+					_ => break,
+				};
+				if header.number <= self.best_canonicalized {
+					break
+				}
+				to_canon.push_front(header.hash);
+			}
+			// Canonicalize all blocks leading up to current finality notification.
+			for hash in to_canon.drain(..) {
+				self.canonicalize_branch(hash);
+			}
+			if let Err(e) =
+				aux_schema::write_gadget_state::<B, BE>(&*self.backend, &self.best_canonicalized)
+			{
+				debug!(target: LOG_TARGET, "error saving state: {:?}", e);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/// Move leafs and nodes added by finalized blocks in offchain db from _fork-aware key_ to
 	/// _canonical key_.
 	/// Prune leafs and nodes added by stale blocks in offchain db from _fork-aware key_.
-	pub fn canonicalize_and_prune(&mut self, notification: &FinalityNotification<B>) {
+	pub fn canonicalize_and_prune(&mut self, notification: FinalityNotification<B>) {
 		// Move offchain MMR nodes for finalized blocks to canonical keys.
-		for block_hash in notification.tree_route.iter().chain(std::iter::once(&notification.hash))
+		for hash in notification.tree_route.iter().chain(std::iter::once(&notification.hash)) {
+			self.canonicalize_branch(*hash);
+		}
+		if let Err(e) =
+			aux_schema::write_gadget_state::<B, BE>(&*self.backend, &self.best_canonicalized)
 		{
-			self.canonicalize_branch(block_hash);
+			debug!(target: LOG_TARGET, "error saving state: {:?}", e);
 		}
 
 		// Remove offchain MMR nodes for stale forks.
@@ -201,9 +268,10 @@ where
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-	use crate::test_utils::run_test_with_mmr_gadget;
+	use crate::test_utils::{run_test_with_mmr_gadget, run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post};
+	use parking_lot::Mutex;
 	use sp_runtime::generic::BlockId;
-	use std::time::Duration;
+	use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 
 	#[test]
 	fn canonicalize_and_prune_works_correctly() {
@@ -243,4 +311,51 @@ mod tests {
 			client.assert_pruned(&[&b1, &b2, &b3, &a4]);
 		})
 	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn canonicalize_catchup_works_correctly() {
+		let mmr_blocks = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![]));
+		let mmr_blocks_ref = mmr_blocks.clone();
+		run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post(
+			|client| async move {
+				// G -> A1 -> A2
+				//      |     |
+				//      |     | -> finalized without gadget (missed notification)
+				//      |
+				//      | -> first mmr block
+
+				let a1 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Number(0), b"a1", Some(0)).await;
+				let a2 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Hash(a1.hash()), b"a2", Some(1)).await;
+
+				client.finalize_block(a2.hash(), Some(2));
+
+				{
+					let mut mmr_blocks = mmr_blocks_ref.lock();
+					mmr_blocks.push(a1);
+					mmr_blocks.push(a2);
+				}
+			},
+			|client| async move {
+				// G -> A1 -> A2 -> A3 -> A4
+				//      |     |     |     |
+				//      |     |     |     | -> finalized after starting gadget
+				//      |     |     |
+				//      |     |     | -> gadget start
+				//      |     |
+				//      |     | -> finalized before starting gadget (missed notification)
+				//      |
+				//      | -> first mmr block
+				let blocks = mmr_blocks.lock();
+				let a1 = blocks[0].clone();
+				let a2 = blocks[1].clone();
+				let a3 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Hash(a2.hash()), b"a3", Some(2)).await;
+				let a4 = client.import_block(&BlockId::Hash(a3.hash()), b"a4", Some(3)).await;
+
+				client.finalize_block(a4.hash(), Some(4));
+				tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+				// expected finalized heads: a1, a2 _and_ a3, a4.
+				client.assert_canonicalized(&[&a1, &a2, &a3, &a4]);
+			},
+		)
+	}
 }

substrate/client/merkle-mountain-range/src/test_utils.rs

@@ -16,12 +16,8 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-use std::{
+use crate::MmrGadget;
-	future::Future,
+use parking_lot::Mutex;
-	sync::{Arc, Mutex},
-	time::Duration,
-};
-
 use sc_block_builder::BlockBuilderProvider;
 use sc_client_api::{
 	Backend as BackendT, BlockchainEvents, FinalityNotifications, ImportNotifications,
@@ -41,33 +37,34 @@ use sp_runtime::{
 	generic::BlockId,
 	traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT},
 };
+use std::{future::Future, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
 use substrate_test_runtime_client::{
 	runtime::{Block, BlockNumber, Hash, Header},
 	Backend, BlockBuilderExt, Client, ClientBlockImportExt, ClientExt, DefaultTestClientBuilderExt,
 	TestClientBuilder, TestClientBuilderExt,
 };
-
+use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
-use crate::MmrGadget;
 
 type MmrHash = H256;
 
-struct MockRuntimeApiData {
+pub(crate) struct MockRuntimeApiData {
-	num_blocks: BlockNumber,
+	pub(crate) num_blocks: BlockNumber,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MockRuntimeApi {
+pub(crate) struct MockRuntimeApi {
-	data: Arc<Mutex<MockRuntimeApiData>>,
+	pub(crate) data: Arc<Mutex<MockRuntimeApiData>>,
 }
 
 impl MockRuntimeApi {
-	pub const INDEXING_PREFIX: &'static [u8] = b"mmr_test";
+	pub(crate) const INDEXING_PREFIX: &'static [u8] = b"mmr_test";
 }
 
-pub struct MmrBlock {
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-	block: Block,
+pub(crate) struct MmrBlock {
-	leaf_idx: Option<LeafIndex>,
+	pub(crate) block: Block,
-	leaf_data: Vec<u8>,
+	pub(crate) leaf_idx: Option<LeafIndex>,
+	pub(crate) leaf_data: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ impl MmrBlock {
 			OffchainKeyType::Temp => NodesUtils::node_temp_offchain_key::<Header>(
 				MockRuntimeApi::INDEXING_PREFIX,
 				node,
-				*self.block.header.parent_hash(),
+				self.parent_hash(),
 			),
 			OffchainKeyType::Canon =>
 				NodesUtils::node_canon_offchain_key(MockRuntimeApi::INDEXING_PREFIX, node),
@@ -98,14 +95,14 @@ impl MmrBlock {
 	}
 }
 
-pub struct MockClient {
+pub(crate) struct MockClient {
-	client: Mutex<Client<Backend>>,
+	pub(crate) client: Mutex<Client<Backend>>,
-	backend: Arc<Backend>,
+	pub(crate) backend: Arc<Backend>,
-	runtime_api_params: Arc<Mutex<MockRuntimeApiData>>,
+	pub(crate) runtime_api_params: Arc<Mutex<MockRuntimeApiData>>,
 }
 
 impl MockClient {
-	fn new() -> Self {
+	pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
 		let client_builder = TestClientBuilder::new().enable_offchain_indexing_api();
 		let (client, backend) = client_builder.build_with_backend();
 		MockClient {
@@ -115,7 +112,7 @@ impl MockClient {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn offchain_db(&self) -> OffchainDb<<Backend as BackendT<Block>>::OffchainStorage> {
+	pub(crate) fn offchain_db(&self) -> OffchainDb<<Backend as BackendT<Block>>::OffchainStorage> {
 		OffchainDb::new(self.backend.offchain_storage().unwrap())
 	}
 
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ impl MockClient {
 		name: &[u8],
 		maybe_leaf_idx: Option<LeafIndex>,
 	) -> MmrBlock {
-		let mut client = self.client.lock().unwrap();
+		let mut client = self.client.lock();
 
 		let mut block_builder = client.new_block_at(at, Default::default(), false).unwrap();
 		// Make sure the block has a different hash than its siblings
@@ -157,9 +154,9 @@ impl MockClient {
 	}
 
 	pub fn finalize_block(&self, hash: Hash, maybe_num_mmr_blocks: Option<BlockNumber>) {
-		let client = self.client.lock().unwrap();
+		let client = self.client.lock();
 		if let Some(num_mmr_blocks) = maybe_num_mmr_blocks {
-			self.runtime_api_params.lock().unwrap().num_blocks = num_mmr_blocks;
+			self.runtime_api_params.lock().num_blocks = num_mmr_blocks;
 		}
 
 		client.finalize_block(hash, None).unwrap();
@@ -216,7 +213,7 @@ impl HeaderMetadata<Block> for MockClient {
 	type Error = <Client<Backend> as HeaderMetadata<Block>>::Error;
 
 	fn header_metadata(&self, hash: Hash) -> Result<CachedHeaderMetadata<Block>, Self::Error> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().header_metadata(hash)
+		self.client.lock().header_metadata(hash)
 	}
 
 	fn insert_header_metadata(&self, _hash: Hash, _header_metadata: CachedHeaderMetadata<Block>) {
@@ -230,23 +227,23 @@ impl HeaderMetadata<Block> for MockClient {
 
 impl HeaderBackend<Block> for MockClient {
 	fn header(&self, id: BlockId<Block>) -> sc_client_api::blockchain::Result<Option<Header>> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().header(&id)
+		self.client.lock().header(&id)
 	}
 
 	fn info(&self) -> Info<Block> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().info()
+		self.client.lock().info()
 	}
 
 	fn status(&self, id: BlockId<Block>) -> sc_client_api::blockchain::Result<BlockStatus> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().status(id)
+		self.client.lock().status(id)
 	}
 
 	fn number(&self, hash: Hash) -> sc_client_api::blockchain::Result<Option<BlockNumber>> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().number(hash)
+		self.client.lock().number(hash)
 	}
 
 	fn hash(&self, number: BlockNumber) -> sc_client_api::blockchain::Result<Option<Hash>> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().hash(number)
+		self.client.lock().hash(number)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -256,7 +253,7 @@ impl BlockchainEvents<Block> for MockClient {
 	}
 
 	fn finality_notification_stream(&self) -> FinalityNotifications<Block> {
-		self.client.lock().unwrap().finality_notification_stream()
+		self.client.lock().finality_notification_stream()
 	}
 
 	fn storage_changes_notification_stream(
@@ -283,7 +280,7 @@ sp_api::mock_impl_runtime_apis! {
 		}
 
 		fn mmr_leaf_count(&self) -> Result<LeafIndex, mmr::Error> {
-			Ok(self.data.lock().unwrap().num_blocks)
+			Ok(self.data.lock().num_blocks)
 		}
 
 		fn generate_proof(
@@ -310,13 +307,38 @@ sp_api::mock_impl_runtime_apis! {
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn run_test_with_mmr_gadget<F, Fut>(f: F)
+pub(crate) fn run_test_with_mmr_gadget<F, Fut>(post_gadget: F)
 where
 	F: FnOnce(Arc<MockClient>) -> Fut + 'static,
 	Fut: Future<Output = ()>,
 {
-	let runtime = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
+	run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post(|_| async {}, post_gadget);
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post<F, G, RetF, RetG>(pre_gadget: F, post_gadget: G)
+where
+	F: FnOnce(Arc<MockClient>) -> RetF + 'static,
+	G: FnOnce(Arc<MockClient>) -> RetG + 'static,
+	RetF: Future<Output = ()>,
+	RetG: Future<Output = ()>,
+{
 	let client = Arc::new(MockClient::new());
+	run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client(client, pre_gadget, post_gadget)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn run_test_with_mmr_gadget_pre_post_using_client<F, G, RetF, RetG>(
+	client: Arc<MockClient>,
+	pre_gadget: F,
+	post_gadget: G,
+) where
+	F: FnOnce(Arc<MockClient>) -> RetF + 'static,
+	G: FnOnce(Arc<MockClient>) -> RetG + 'static,
+	RetF: Future<Output = ()>,
+	RetG: Future<Output = ()>,
+{
+	let client_clone = client.clone();
+	let runtime = Runtime::new().unwrap();
+	runtime.block_on(async move { pre_gadget(client_clone).await });
 
 	let client_clone = client.clone();
 	runtime.spawn(async move {
@@ -327,6 +349,6 @@ where
 	runtime.block_on(async move {
 		tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
 
-		f(client).await
+		post_gadget(client).await
 	});
 }