Introduce basic skeleton for Polkadot runtime. (#32)

* Introduce basic skeleton for Polkador runtime.

* Clean up the runtime skeleton.

* Make initial runtime skeleton compile.

* Compile polkadot-runtime both for Wasm ad native, allowing for testing and direct usage.

* More fleshing out on runtime.

* Update native support.

* Fix warning.

* Update gitignore

* Update path.

* Fix path.

* Remove accidentally committed files.

* Add wasm binaries.

* Fix test.

* Native storage support API.

* Add environmental module

* Add native environment to make native source-code compatible with wasm.

Also tests.

* Finish up & polish environment stuff.

* Avoid using reentrancy issues.

* Add some docs and a test.

* Remove unneeded function.

* Documentation

* Tweak docs

* Remove TODOs.

* Balance transfers + util methods.

* Rejig tests and ensure authorities are addressed consistently.

* Add marshaller for xfer function

* Transaction dispatch test.

* Minor fix.

* Add test for ser/de transaction.

* Add ser/de for header.

* Add tests for header ser/de

* Introduce basic block decoding/execution framework.

* Introduce block decoding/execution framework (p2)

* Big refactor.

* Split out joiner.

* Hide away support modules.

* Fix up wasm runtime.

* use externalities for chain_id

* Clean up (Test)Externalities.

* Repot and introduce keccak-256 external.

* Signing with crypto.

* fix unsafety hole in environmental using function

* Introduce Ed25519 crypto.

* Repotting.

* Add ed25519_verify external.

* Introduce Ed25519 verify as an external.

* fix unsafety hole around unwinding

* Compile fixes.

* use new environmental API

* Tests for ed25519 verify.

* Polish

* Introduce UncheckedTransaction & test.

* Implement basic block and tx processing

* Introduce static hex and valid signature for block test.

* Repot session.

* comments.

* Refactor and timestamp test

* Remove fluff

* Remove fluff.

* Staking eras and tests.

* Implement sessions.

* Polish

* Test sessions.

* Introduce better hashing.

- Blake2 for secure hashing
- XX for fast hashing

* Fix tests.

* Introduce staking.

* Tests for simple staking system.

* Build fix for wasm.

* Fix tests.

* Repotting and docs.

* Docs and licence.

* Documentation.

* Remove superfluous code.

* Remove dummy key.

* Remove other superfluous file.

* Optimise with swap_remove

substrate/state_machine/src/ext.rs

@@ -73,4 +73,8 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a> Externalities for Ext<'a, B>
 	fn set_storage(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>, value: Vec<u8>) {
 		self.overlay.set_storage(key, value);
 	}
+
+	fn chain_id(&self) -> u64 {
+		42
+	}
 }

substrate/state_machine/src/lib.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ extern crate polkadot_primitives as primitives;
 
 extern crate hashdb;
 extern crate memorydb;
-extern crate keccak_hash;
 
 extern crate patricia_trie;
 extern crate triehash;
@@ -114,13 +113,9 @@ impl OverlayedChanges {
 pub trait Error: 'static + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + Send {}
 impl<E> Error for E where E: 'static + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + Send {}
 
-fn value_vec(mut value: usize, initial: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
-	let mut acc = initial;
-	while value > 0 {
-		acc.push(value as u8);
-		value /= 256;
-	}
-	acc
+fn to_keyed_vec(value: u32, mut prepend: Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
+	prepend.extend((0..::std::mem::size_of::<u32>()).into_iter().map(|i| (value >> (i * 8)) as u8));
+	prepend
 }
 
 /// Externalities: pinned to specific active address.
@@ -134,12 +129,15 @@ pub trait Externalities {
 	/// Set storage of current contract being called (effective immediately).
 	fn set_storage(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>, value: Vec<u8>);
 
-	/// Get the current set of validators.
-	fn validators(&self) -> Result<Vec<&[u8]>, Self::Error> {
-		(0..self.storage(b"\0validator_count")?.into_iter()
+	/// Get the identity of the chain.
+	fn chain_id(&self) -> u64;
+
+	/// Get the current set of authorities from storage.
+	fn authorities(&self) -> Result<Vec<&[u8]>, Self::Error> {
+		(0..self.storage(b"con:aut:len")?.into_iter()
 				.rev()
-				.fold(0, |acc, &i| (acc << 8) + (i as usize)))
-			.map(|i| self.storage(&value_vec(i, b"\0validator".to_vec())))
+				.fold(0, |acc, &i| (acc << 8) + (i as u32)))
+			.map(|i| self.storage(&to_keyed_vec(i, b"con:aut:".to_vec())))
 			.collect()
 	}
 }
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@ pub fn execute<B: backend::Backend, Exec: CodeExecutor>(
 			overlay: &mut *overlay
 		};
 		// make a copy.
-		let code = externalities.storage(b"\0code").unwrap_or(&[]).to_vec();
+		let code = externalities.storage(b":code").unwrap_or(&[]).to_vec();
 
 		exec.call(
 			&mut externalities,
@@ -245,25 +243,27 @@ mod tests {
 		fn set_storage(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>, value: Vec<u8>) {
 			self.storage.insert(key, value);
 		}
+
+		fn chain_id(&self) -> u64 { 42 }
 	}
 
 	#[test]
-	fn validators_call_works() {
+	fn authorities_call_works() {
 		let mut ext = TestExternalities::default();
 
-		assert_eq!(ext.validators(), Ok(vec![]));
+		assert_eq!(ext.authorities(), Ok(vec![]));
 
-		ext.set_storage(b"\0validator_count".to_vec(), vec![]);
-		assert_eq!(ext.validators(), Ok(vec![]));
+		ext.set_storage(b"con:aut:len".to_vec(), vec![0u8; 4]);
+		assert_eq!(ext.authorities(), Ok(vec![]));
 
-		ext.set_storage(b"\0validator_count".to_vec(), vec![1]);
-		assert_eq!(ext.validators(), Ok(vec![&[][..]]));
+		ext.set_storage(b"con:aut:len".to_vec(), vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0]);
+		assert_eq!(ext.authorities(), Ok(vec![&[][..]]));
 
-		ext.set_storage(b"\0validator".to_vec(), b"first".to_vec());
-		assert_eq!(ext.validators(), Ok(vec![&b"first"[..]]));
+		ext.set_storage(b"con:aut:\0\0\0\0".to_vec(), b"first".to_vec());
+		assert_eq!(ext.authorities(), Ok(vec![&b"first"[..]]));
 
-		ext.set_storage(b"\0validator_count".to_vec(), vec![2]);
-		ext.set_storage(b"\0validator\x01".to_vec(), b"second".to_vec());
-		assert_eq!(ext.validators(), Ok(vec![&b"first"[..], &b"second"[..]]));
+		ext.set_storage(b"con:aut:len".to_vec(), vec![2u8, 0, 0, 0]);
+		ext.set_storage(b"con:aut:\x01\0\0\0".to_vec(), b"second".to_vec());
+		assert_eq!(ext.authorities(), Ok(vec![&b"first"[..], &b"second"[..]]));
 	}
 }