contracts: Add storage deposits (#10082)

* Frame no longer needs to be mutable (refactoring artifact)

* Remove Contract/Tombstone deposit

* Add StorageMeter

* cargo fmt

* Fix weight annotation

* cargo run --quiet --release --features=runtime-benchmarks --manifest-path=bin/node/cli/Cargo.toml -- benchmark --chain=dev --steps=50 --repeat=20 --pallet=pallet_contracts --extrinsic=* --execution=wasm --wasm-execution=compiled --heap-pages=4096 --output=./frame/contracts/src/weights.rs --template=./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs

* Simplify keep check for contract accounts

- Make sure that the "base deposit" for each contract >= ed
- Remove now obsolete checks when sneding away free balance

* Remove unused imports and functions

* Rename storage_limit to storage_deposit_limit

* cargo fmt

* Fix typo

Co-authored-by: Michael Müller <michi@parity.io>

* Finish up rename of storage_limit

* Fix rpc tests

* Make use of `StorageDepositLimitTooHigh`

* Add tests and fix bugs discovered by tests

* Add storage migration

* Don't use u128 in RPC

* Fix weight of migration

* Rename `endowment` to `value`

* Fix bug where contract couldn't get funded by a storage deposit

- Make sure that contract gets funded from deposits before value is transferred
- Don't reserve value at origin because otherwise funding isn't possible
	- Just transfer free balance and reserve it after the transfer
- When refunding make sure that this refund can't dust the contract
	- Can only happen after a runtime upgrade where costs where upped
- Add more tests

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <ascjones@gmail.com>

* Remove unused `fn storage_meter`

* Fix copy pasta doc error

* Import `MaxEncodeLen` from codec

* Beautify RPC trait bounds

* Add re-instrument behaviour to dispatchable doc

* Make sure a account won't be destroyed a refund after a slash

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <ascjones@gmail.com>

* Update `Storage::write` docs

* Improve doc

* Remove superflous conditional

* Typos

* Remove superflous clone (refactoring artifact)

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <ascjones@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Parity Bot <admin@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Michael Müller <michi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Jones <ascjones@gmail.com>

substrate/bin/node/runtime/src/lib.rs

@@ -897,10 +897,8 @@ impl pallet_tips::Config for Runtime {
 }
 
 parameter_types! {
-	pub ContractDeposit: Balance = deposit(
-		1,
-		<pallet_contracts::Pallet<Runtime>>::contract_info_size(),
-	);
+	pub const DepositPerItem: Balance = deposit(1, 0);
+	pub const DepositPerByte: Balance = deposit(0, 1);
 	pub const MaxValueSize: u32 = 16 * 1024;
 	// The lazy deletion runs inside on_initialize.
 	pub DeletionWeightLimit: Weight = AVERAGE_ON_INITIALIZE_RATIO *
@@ -927,7 +925,8 @@ impl pallet_contracts::Config for Runtime {
 	/// change because that would break already deployed contracts. The `Call` structure itself
 	/// is not allowed to change the indices of existing pallets, too.
 	type CallFilter = Nothing;
-	type ContractDeposit = ContractDeposit;
+	type DepositPerItem = DepositPerItem;
+	type DepositPerByte = DepositPerByte;
 	type CallStack = [pallet_contracts::Frame<Self>; 31];
 	type WeightPrice = pallet_transaction_payment::Pallet<Self>;
 	type WeightInfo = pallet_contracts::weights::SubstrateWeight<Self>;
@@ -1522,21 +1521,32 @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
 			dest: AccountId,
 			value: Balance,
 			gas_limit: u64,
+			storage_deposit_limit: Option<Balance>,
 			input_data: Vec<u8>,
-		) -> pallet_contracts_primitives::ContractExecResult {
-			Contracts::bare_call(origin, dest, value, gas_limit, input_data, true)
+		) -> pallet_contracts_primitives::ContractExecResult<Balance> {
+			Contracts::bare_call(origin, dest, value, gas_limit, storage_deposit_limit, input_data, true)
 		}
 
 		fn instantiate(
 			origin: AccountId,
-			endowment: Balance,
+			value: Balance,
 			gas_limit: u64,
+			storage_deposit_limit: Option<Balance>,
 			code: pallet_contracts_primitives::Code<Hash>,
 			data: Vec<u8>,
 			salt: Vec<u8>,
-		) -> pallet_contracts_primitives::ContractInstantiateResult<AccountId>
+		) -> pallet_contracts_primitives::ContractInstantiateResult<AccountId, Balance>
 		{
-			Contracts::bare_instantiate(origin, endowment, gas_limit, code, data, salt, true)
+			Contracts::bare_instantiate(origin, value, gas_limit, storage_deposit_limit, code, data, salt, true)
+		}
+
+		fn upload_code(
+			origin: AccountId,
+			code: Vec<u8>,
+			storage_deposit_limit: Option<Balance>,
+		) -> pallet_contracts_primitives::CodeUploadResult<Hash, Balance>
+		{
+			Contracts::bare_upload_code(origin, code, storage_deposit_limit)
 		}
 
 		fn get_storage(