Storage chain: Runtime module (#8624)

* Transaction storage runtime module

* WIP: Tests

* Tests, benchmarks  and docs

* Made check_proof mandatory

* Typo

* Renamed a crate

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>

* Added weight for on_finalize

* Fixed counter mutations

* Reorganized tests

* Fixed build

* Update for the new inherent API

* Reworked for the new inherents API

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: cheme <emericchevalier.pro@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <shawntabrizi@gmail.com>

* Store transactions in a Vec

* Added FeeDestination

* Get rid of constants

* Fixed node runtime build

* Fixed benches

* Update frame/transaction-storage/src/lib.rs

Co-authored-by: cheme <emericchevalier.pro@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: cheme <emericchevalier.pro@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Popiak <alexander.popiak@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Shawn Tabrizi <shawntabrizi@gmail.com>

substrate/primitives/state-machine/src/overlayed_changes/mod.rs

@@ -118,8 +118,10 @@ pub enum IndexOperation {
 	Insert {
 		/// Extrinsic index in the current block.
 		extrinsic: u32,
-		/// Data offset in the extrinsic.
-		offset: u32,
+		/// Data content hash.
+		hash: Vec<u8>,
+		/// Indexed data size.
+		size: u32,
 	},
 	/// Renew existing transaction storage.
 	Renew {
@@ -127,8 +129,6 @@ pub enum IndexOperation {
 		extrinsic: u32,
 		/// Referenced index hash.
 		hash: Vec<u8>,
-		/// Expected data size.
-		size: u32,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -520,6 +520,11 @@ impl OverlayedChanges {
 		self.children.get(key).map(|(overlay, info)| (overlay.changes(), info))
 	}
 
+	/// Get an list of all index operations.
+	pub fn transaction_index_ops(&self) -> &[IndexOperation] {
+		&self.transaction_index_ops
+	}
+
 	/// Convert this instance with all changes into a [`StorageChanges`] instance.
 	#[cfg(feature = "std")]
 	pub fn into_storage_changes<