mirror of
https://github.com/pezkuwichain/pezkuwi-subxt.git
synced 2026-06-14 06:21:11 +00:00
Offchain execution extensions (#4145)
* Pass Extensions instead of individual objects. * Move TransactionPool to a separate ExternalitiesExtension. * Fix compilation.? * Clean up. * Refactor testing utilities. * Add docs, fix tests. * Fix doctest. * Fix formatting and add some logs. * Add some docs. * Remove unused files.
This commit is contained in:
committed by
Gavin Wood
parent
f000392cc0
commit
86b6ac5571
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ use std::{
|
||||
thread::sleep,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
use client_api::OffchainStorage;
|
||||
use futures::{StreamExt as _, Future, FutureExt as _, future, channel::mpsc};
|
||||
use log::{info, debug, warn, error};
|
||||
use primitives::offchain::OffchainStorage;
|
||||
use futures::Future;
|
||||
use log::error;
|
||||
use network::{PeerId, Multiaddr, NetworkStateInfo};
|
||||
use codec::{Encode, Decode};
|
||||
use primitives::offchain::{
|
||||
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ use primitives::offchain::{
|
||||
OpaqueNetworkState, OpaquePeerId, OpaqueMultiaddr, StorageKind,
|
||||
};
|
||||
pub use offchain_primitives::STORAGE_PREFIX;
|
||||
use sr_primitives::{generic::BlockId, traits::{self, Extrinsic}};
|
||||
use transaction_pool::txpool::{Pool, ChainApi};
|
||||
|
||||
#[cfg(not(target_os = "unknown"))]
|
||||
mod http;
|
||||
@@ -44,19 +42,14 @@ mod http_dummy;
|
||||
|
||||
mod timestamp;
|
||||
|
||||
/// A message between the offchain extension and the processing thread.
|
||||
enum ExtMessage {
|
||||
SubmitExtrinsic(Vec<u8>),
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Asynchronous offchain API.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// NOTE this is done to prevent recursive calls into the runtime (which are not supported currently).
|
||||
pub(crate) struct Api<Storage, Block: traits::Block> {
|
||||
sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<ExtMessage>,
|
||||
pub(crate) struct Api<Storage> {
|
||||
/// Offchain Workers database.
|
||||
db: Storage,
|
||||
/// A NetworkState provider.
|
||||
network_state: Arc<dyn NetworkStateInfo + Send + Sync>,
|
||||
_at: BlockId<Block>,
|
||||
/// Is this node a potential validator?
|
||||
is_validator: bool,
|
||||
/// Everything HTTP-related is handled by a different struct.
|
||||
@@ -73,22 +66,11 @@ fn unavailable_yet<R: Default>(name: &str) -> R {
|
||||
|
||||
const LOCAL_DB: &str = "LOCAL (fork-aware) DB";
|
||||
|
||||
impl<Storage, Block> OffchainExt for Api<Storage, Block>
|
||||
where
|
||||
Storage: OffchainStorage,
|
||||
Block: traits::Block,
|
||||
{
|
||||
impl<Storage: OffchainStorage> OffchainExt for Api<Storage> {
|
||||
fn is_validator(&self) -> bool {
|
||||
self.is_validator
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn submit_transaction(&mut self, ext: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), ()> {
|
||||
self.sender
|
||||
.unbounded_send(ExtMessage::SubmitExtrinsic(ext))
|
||||
.map(|_| ())
|
||||
.map_err(|_| ())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn network_state(&self) -> Result<OpaqueNetworkState, ()> {
|
||||
let external_addresses = self.network_state.external_addresses();
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -260,40 +242,28 @@ impl TryFrom<OpaqueNetworkState> for NetworkState {
|
||||
/// Offchain extensions implementation API
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// This is the asynchronous processing part of the API.
|
||||
pub(crate) struct AsyncApi<A: ChainApi> {
|
||||
receiver: Option<mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<ExtMessage>>,
|
||||
transaction_pool: Arc<Pool<A>>,
|
||||
at: BlockId<A::Block>,
|
||||
pub(crate) struct AsyncApi {
|
||||
/// Everything HTTP-related is handled by a different struct.
|
||||
http: Option<http::HttpWorker>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl<A: ChainApi> AsyncApi<A> {
|
||||
impl AsyncApi {
|
||||
/// Creates new Offchain extensions API implementation an the asynchronous processing part.
|
||||
pub fn new<S: OffchainStorage>(
|
||||
transaction_pool: Arc<Pool<A>>,
|
||||
db: S,
|
||||
at: BlockId<A::Block>,
|
||||
network_state: Arc<dyn NetworkStateInfo + Send + Sync>,
|
||||
is_validator: bool,
|
||||
) -> (Api<S, A::Block>, AsyncApi<A>) {
|
||||
let (sender, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
|
||||
|
||||
) -> (Api<S>, AsyncApi) {
|
||||
let (http_api, http_worker) = http::http();
|
||||
|
||||
let api = Api {
|
||||
sender,
|
||||
db,
|
||||
network_state,
|
||||
_at: at,
|
||||
is_validator,
|
||||
http: http_api,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
let async_api = AsyncApi {
|
||||
receiver: Some(rx),
|
||||
transaction_pool,
|
||||
at,
|
||||
http: Some(http_worker),
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -302,35 +272,9 @@ impl<A: ChainApi> AsyncApi<A> {
|
||||
|
||||
/// Run a processing task for the API
|
||||
pub fn process(mut self) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
|
||||
let receiver = self.receiver.take().expect("Take invoked only once.");
|
||||
let http = self.http.take().expect("Take invoked only once.");
|
||||
|
||||
let extrinsics = receiver.for_each(move |msg| {
|
||||
match msg {
|
||||
ExtMessage::SubmitExtrinsic(ext) => self.submit_extrinsic(ext),
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
future::join(extrinsics, http)
|
||||
.map(|((), ())| ())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn submit_extrinsic(&mut self, ext: Vec<u8>) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
|
||||
let xt = match <A::Block as traits::Block>::Extrinsic::decode(&mut &*ext) {
|
||||
Ok(xt) => xt,
|
||||
Err(e) => {
|
||||
warn!("Unable to decode extrinsic: {:?}: {}", ext, e.what());
|
||||
return future::Either::Left(future::ready(()))
|
||||
},
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
info!("Submitting transaction to the pool: {:?} (isSigned: {:?})", xt, xt.is_signed());
|
||||
future::Either::Right(self.transaction_pool
|
||||
.submit_one(&self.at, xt.clone())
|
||||
.map(|result| match result {
|
||||
Ok(hash) => { debug!("[{:?}] Offchain transaction added to the pool.", hash); },
|
||||
Err(e) => { warn!("Couldn't submit offchain transaction: {:?}", e); },
|
||||
}))
|
||||
http
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -338,10 +282,8 @@ impl<A: ChainApi> AsyncApi<A> {
|
||||
mod tests {
|
||||
use super::*;
|
||||
use std::{convert::{TryFrom, TryInto}, time::SystemTime};
|
||||
use sr_primitives::traits::Zero;
|
||||
use client_db::offchain::LocalStorage;
|
||||
use network::PeerId;
|
||||
use test_client::runtime::Block;
|
||||
|
||||
struct MockNetworkStateInfo();
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -355,19 +297,13 @@ mod tests {
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn offchain_api() -> (Api<LocalStorage, Block>, AsyncApi<impl ChainApi>) {
|
||||
fn offchain_api() -> (Api<LocalStorage>, AsyncApi) {
|
||||
let _ = env_logger::try_init();
|
||||
let db = LocalStorage::new_test();
|
||||
let client = Arc::new(test_client::new());
|
||||
let pool = Arc::new(
|
||||
Pool::new(Default::default(), transaction_pool::FullChainApi::new(client.clone()))
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
let mock = Arc::new(MockNetworkStateInfo());
|
||||
|
||||
AsyncApi::new(
|
||||
pool,
|
||||
db,
|
||||
BlockId::Number(Zero::zero()),
|
||||
mock,
|
||||
false,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -41,15 +41,11 @@ use sr_api::ApiExt;
|
||||
use futures::future::Future;
|
||||
use log::{debug, warn};
|
||||
use network::NetworkStateInfo;
|
||||
use primitives::{offchain, ExecutionContext};
|
||||
use primitives::{offchain::{self, OffchainStorage}, ExecutionContext};
|
||||
use sr_primitives::{generic::BlockId, traits::{self, ProvideRuntimeApi}};
|
||||
use transaction_pool::txpool::{Pool, ChainApi};
|
||||
use client_api::{OffchainStorage};
|
||||
|
||||
mod api;
|
||||
|
||||
pub mod testing;
|
||||
|
||||
pub use offchain_primitives::{OffchainWorkerApi, STORAGE_PREFIX};
|
||||
|
||||
/// An offchain workers manager.
|
||||
@@ -94,13 +90,12 @@ impl<Client, Storage, Block> OffchainWorkers<
|
||||
{
|
||||
/// Start the offchain workers after given block.
|
||||
#[must_use]
|
||||
pub fn on_block_imported<A>(
|
||||
pub fn on_block_imported(
|
||||
&self,
|
||||
number: &<Block::Header as traits::Header>::Number,
|
||||
pool: &Arc<Pool<A>>,
|
||||
network_state: Arc<dyn NetworkStateInfo + Send + Sync>,
|
||||
is_validator: bool,
|
||||
) -> impl Future<Output = ()> where A: ChainApi<Block=Block> + 'static {
|
||||
) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
|
||||
let runtime = self.client.runtime_api();
|
||||
let at = BlockId::number(*number);
|
||||
let has_api = runtime.has_api::<dyn OffchainWorkerApi<Block, Error = ()>>(&at);
|
||||
@@ -108,9 +103,7 @@ impl<Client, Storage, Block> OffchainWorkers<
|
||||
|
||||
if has_api.unwrap_or(false) {
|
||||
let (api, runner) = api::AsyncApi::new(
|
||||
pool.clone(),
|
||||
self.db.clone(),
|
||||
at.clone(),
|
||||
network_state.clone(),
|
||||
is_validator,
|
||||
);
|
||||
@@ -153,6 +146,8 @@ impl<Client, Storage, Block> OffchainWorkers<
|
||||
mod tests {
|
||||
use super::*;
|
||||
use network::{Multiaddr, PeerId};
|
||||
use std::sync::Arc;
|
||||
use transaction_pool::txpool::Pool;
|
||||
|
||||
struct MockNetworkStateInfo();
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -171,13 +166,18 @@ mod tests {
|
||||
// given
|
||||
let _ = env_logger::try_init();
|
||||
let client = Arc::new(test_client::new());
|
||||
let pool = Arc::new(Pool::new(Default::default(), transaction_pool::FullChainApi::new(client.clone())));
|
||||
let pool = Arc::new(Pool::new(
|
||||
Default::default(),
|
||||
transaction_pool::FullChainApi::new(client.clone())
|
||||
));
|
||||
client.execution_extensions()
|
||||
.register_transaction_pool(Arc::downgrade(&pool.clone()) as _);
|
||||
let db = client_db::offchain::LocalStorage::new_test();
|
||||
let network_state = Arc::new(MockNetworkStateInfo());
|
||||
|
||||
// when
|
||||
let offchain = OffchainWorkers::new(client, db);
|
||||
futures::executor::block_on(offchain.on_block_imported(&0u64, &pool, network_state, false));
|
||||
futures::executor::block_on(offchain.on_block_imported(&0u64, network_state, false));
|
||||
|
||||
// then
|
||||
assert_eq!(pool.status().ready, 1);
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
|
||||
// Copyright 2019 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
|
||||
// This file is part of Substrate.
|
||||
|
||||
// Substrate is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||||
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||||
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
||||
// (at your option) any later version.
|
||||
|
||||
// Substrate is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||||
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||||
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||||
// GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||||
// along with Substrate. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||||
|
||||
//! Offchain Externalities implementation for tests.
|
||||
|
||||
use std::{
|
||||
collections::BTreeMap,
|
||||
sync::Arc,
|
||||
};
|
||||
use client_api::{OffchainStorage, InMemOffchainStorage};
|
||||
use parking_lot::RwLock;
|
||||
use primitives::offchain::{
|
||||
self,
|
||||
HttpError,
|
||||
HttpRequestId as RequestId,
|
||||
HttpRequestStatus as RequestStatus,
|
||||
Timestamp,
|
||||
StorageKind,
|
||||
OpaqueNetworkState,
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/// Pending request.
|
||||
#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
|
||||
pub struct PendingRequest {
|
||||
/// HTTP method
|
||||
pub method: String,
|
||||
/// URI
|
||||
pub uri: String,
|
||||
/// Encoded Metadata
|
||||
pub meta: Vec<u8>,
|
||||
/// Request headers
|
||||
pub headers: Vec<(String, String)>,
|
||||
/// Request body
|
||||
pub body: Vec<u8>,
|
||||
/// Has the request been sent already.
|
||||
pub sent: bool,
|
||||
/// Response body
|
||||
pub response: Option<Vec<u8>>,
|
||||
/// Number of bytes already read from the response body.
|
||||
pub read: usize,
|
||||
/// Response headers
|
||||
pub response_headers: Vec<(String, String)>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Internal state of the externalities.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// This can be used in tests to respond or assert stuff about interactions.
|
||||
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
|
||||
pub struct State {
|
||||
/// A list of pending requests.
|
||||
pub requests: BTreeMap<RequestId, PendingRequest>,
|
||||
expected_requests: BTreeMap<RequestId, PendingRequest>,
|
||||
/// Persistent local storage
|
||||
pub persistent_storage: InMemOffchainStorage,
|
||||
/// Local storage
|
||||
pub local_storage: InMemOffchainStorage,
|
||||
/// A vector of transactions submitted from the runtime.
|
||||
pub transactions: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl State {
|
||||
/// Asserts that pending request has been submitted and fills it's response.
|
||||
pub fn fulfill_pending_request(
|
||||
&mut self,
|
||||
id: u16,
|
||||
expected: PendingRequest,
|
||||
response: impl Into<Vec<u8>>,
|
||||
response_headers: impl IntoIterator<Item=(String, String)>,
|
||||
) {
|
||||
match self.requests.get_mut(&RequestId(id)) {
|
||||
None => {
|
||||
panic!("Missing pending request: {:?}.\n\nAll: {:?}", id, self.requests);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Some(req) => {
|
||||
assert_eq!(
|
||||
*req,
|
||||
expected,
|
||||
);
|
||||
req.response = Some(response.into());
|
||||
req.response_headers = response_headers.into_iter().collect();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn fulfill_expected(&mut self, id: u16) {
|
||||
if let Some(mut req) = self.expected_requests.remove(&RequestId(id)) {
|
||||
let response = req.response.take().expect("Response checked while added.");
|
||||
let headers = std::mem::replace(&mut req.response_headers, vec![]);
|
||||
self.fulfill_pending_request(id, req, response, headers);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Add expected HTTP request.
|
||||
///
|
||||
/// This method can be used to initialize expected HTTP requests and their responses
|
||||
/// before running the actual code that utilizes them (for instance before calling into runtime).
|
||||
/// Expected request has to be fulfilled before this struct is dropped,
|
||||
/// the `response` and `response_headers` fields will be used to return results to the callers.
|
||||
pub fn expect_request(&mut self, id: u16, expected: PendingRequest) {
|
||||
if expected.response.is_none() {
|
||||
panic!("Expected request needs to have a response.");
|
||||
}
|
||||
self.expected_requests.insert(RequestId(id), expected);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl Drop for State {
|
||||
fn drop(&mut self) {
|
||||
// If we panic! while we are already in a panic, the test dies with an illegal instruction.
|
||||
if !self.expected_requests.is_empty() && !std::thread::panicking() {
|
||||
panic!("Unfulfilled expected requests: {:?}", self.expected_requests);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// Implementation of offchain externalities used for tests.
|
||||
#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
|
||||
pub struct TestOffchainExt(pub Arc<RwLock<State>>);
|
||||
|
||||
impl TestOffchainExt {
|
||||
/// Create new `TestOffchainExt` and a reference to the internal state.
|
||||
pub fn new() -> (Self, Arc<RwLock<State>>) {
|
||||
let ext = Self::default();
|
||||
let state = ext.0.clone();
|
||||
(ext, state)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
impl offchain::Externalities for TestOffchainExt {
|
||||
fn is_validator(&self) -> bool {
|
||||
unimplemented!("not needed in tests so far")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn submit_transaction(&mut self, ex: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), ()> {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
state.transactions.push(ex);
|
||||
Ok(())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn network_state(&self) -> Result<OpaqueNetworkState, ()> {
|
||||
Ok(OpaqueNetworkState {
|
||||
peer_id: Default::default(),
|
||||
external_addresses: vec![],
|
||||
})
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn timestamp(&mut self) -> Timestamp {
|
||||
unimplemented!("not needed in tests so far")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn sleep_until(&mut self, _deadline: Timestamp) {
|
||||
unimplemented!("not needed in tests so far")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn random_seed(&mut self) -> [u8; 32] {
|
||||
unimplemented!("not needed in tests so far")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn local_storage_set(&mut self, kind: StorageKind, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
match kind {
|
||||
StorageKind::LOCAL => &mut state.local_storage,
|
||||
StorageKind::PERSISTENT => &mut state.persistent_storage,
|
||||
}.set(b"", key, value);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn local_storage_compare_and_set(
|
||||
&mut self,
|
||||
kind: StorageKind,
|
||||
key: &[u8],
|
||||
old_value: Option<&[u8]>,
|
||||
new_value: &[u8]
|
||||
) -> bool {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
match kind {
|
||||
StorageKind::LOCAL => &mut state.local_storage,
|
||||
StorageKind::PERSISTENT => &mut state.persistent_storage,
|
||||
}.compare_and_set(b"", key, old_value, new_value)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn local_storage_get(&mut self, kind: StorageKind, key: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
|
||||
let state = self.0.read();
|
||||
match kind {
|
||||
StorageKind::LOCAL => &state.local_storage,
|
||||
StorageKind::PERSISTENT => &state.persistent_storage,
|
||||
}.get(b"", key)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn http_request_start(&mut self, method: &str, uri: &str, meta: &[u8]) -> Result<RequestId, ()> {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
let id = RequestId(state.requests.len() as u16);
|
||||
state.requests.insert(id.clone(), PendingRequest {
|
||||
method: method.into(),
|
||||
uri: uri.into(),
|
||||
meta: meta.into(),
|
||||
..Default::default()
|
||||
});
|
||||
Ok(id)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn http_request_add_header(
|
||||
&mut self,
|
||||
request_id: RequestId,
|
||||
name: &str,
|
||||
value: &str,
|
||||
) -> Result<(), ()> {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
if let Some(req) = state.requests.get_mut(&request_id) {
|
||||
req.headers.push((name.into(), value.into()));
|
||||
Ok(())
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
Err(())
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn http_request_write_body(
|
||||
&mut self,
|
||||
request_id: RequestId,
|
||||
chunk: &[u8],
|
||||
_deadline: Option<Timestamp>
|
||||
) -> Result<(), HttpError> {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
|
||||
let sent = {
|
||||
let req = state.requests.get_mut(&request_id).ok_or(HttpError::IoError)?;
|
||||
req.body.extend(chunk);
|
||||
if chunk.is_empty() {
|
||||
req.sent = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
req.sent
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
if sent {
|
||||
state.fulfill_expected(request_id.0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Ok(())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn http_response_wait(
|
||||
&mut self,
|
||||
ids: &[RequestId],
|
||||
_deadline: Option<Timestamp>,
|
||||
) -> Vec<RequestStatus> {
|
||||
let state = self.0.read();
|
||||
|
||||
ids.iter().map(|id| match state.requests.get(id) {
|
||||
Some(req) if req.response.is_none() =>
|
||||
panic!("No `response` provided for request with id: {:?}", id),
|
||||
None => RequestStatus::Invalid,
|
||||
_ => RequestStatus::Finished(200),
|
||||
}).collect()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn http_response_headers(&mut self, request_id: RequestId) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
|
||||
let state = self.0.read();
|
||||
if let Some(req) = state.requests.get(&request_id) {
|
||||
req.response_headers
|
||||
.clone()
|
||||
.into_iter()
|
||||
.map(|(k, v)| (k.into_bytes(), v.into_bytes()))
|
||||
.collect()
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
Default::default()
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn http_response_read_body(
|
||||
&mut self,
|
||||
request_id: RequestId,
|
||||
buffer: &mut [u8],
|
||||
_deadline: Option<Timestamp>
|
||||
) -> Result<usize, HttpError> {
|
||||
let mut state = self.0.write();
|
||||
if let Some(req) = state.requests.get_mut(&request_id) {
|
||||
let response = req.response
|
||||
.as_mut()
|
||||
.expect(&format!("No response provided for request: {:?}", request_id));
|
||||
|
||||
if req.read >= response.len() {
|
||||
// Remove the pending request as per spec.
|
||||
state.requests.remove(&request_id);
|
||||
Ok(0)
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
let read = std::cmp::min(buffer.len(), response[req.read..].len());
|
||||
buffer[0..read].copy_from_slice(&response[req.read..read]);
|
||||
req.read += read;
|
||||
Ok(read)
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
Err(HttpError::IoError)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user