Introduce first groundwork for Wasm executor (#27)

* Introduce first groundwork for Wasm executor.

* Remove old Rust-runtime code.

* Avoid commiting compled files.

* Add runtime precompile.

* Rename so module makes more sense.

* Further renaming.

* Ensure tests work.

* Allow bringing in of externalities.

- Add util functions/macros.
- Add uncompacted runtime.
- Add some external crates from pwasm-std for managing allocs/memory
stuff.

* Nice macros for imports.

* Allow passing in of data through allocators.

Make memcpy and malloc work.
Basic allocator.

* Can now pass in bytes to WasmExecutor.

* Additional cleanup.

* Switch usages of `OutData` to `u64`

No need to be able to return bytes anymore.

* convert to safe but extremely verbose type conversion.

@rphmeier any more concise way of doing this?

* Remove StaticExternalities distinction.

* Remove another unused use.

* Refactor wasm utils out

* Remove extraneous copies that weren't really testing anything.

* Try to use wasm 0.15

* Make it work!

* Call-time externalities working.

* Add basic externalities.

* Fix grumbles and note unwraps to be sorted.

* Test storage externality.

Unforunately had to change signatures of externalities to avoid
immutable function returning a reference. Not sure what to do about
this...

* Fix nits.

* Compile collation logic.

* Move back to refs. Yey.

* Remove "object" id for storage access.

* Fix test.

* Fix up rest of tests.

* remove unwrap.

* Expose set/get code in externalities

Also improve tests and add nice wrappers in rust-wasm.

* Add validator set.

* Introduce validator set into externalities and test.

* Add another external function.

* Remove code and validators; use storage for everything.

* Introduce validators function.

* Tests (and a fix) for the validators getter.

* Allow calls into runtime to return data.

* Remove unneeded trace.

* Make runtime printing a bit nicer.

* Create separate runtimes for testing and polkadot.

* Remove commented code.

* Use new path.

* Refactor into shared support module.

* Fix warning.

* Remove unwraps.

* Make macro a little less unhygenic.

* Add wasm files.

substrate/runtime/pwasm-alloc/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "pwasm-alloc"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Nikolay Volf <nikvolf@gmail.com>"]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+readme = "README.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-std"
+homepage = "https://github.com/paritytech/pwasm-std"
+documentation = "https://paritytech.github.io/pwasm-std/pwasm_std/"
+description = "Parity WebAssembly standard library internal allocator"
+keywords = ["wasm", "parity", "webassembly", "blockchain"]
+categories = ["no-std", "embedded"]
+
+[dependencies]
+pwasm-libc = { path = "../pwasm-libc", version = "0.1" }
+
+[features]
+strict = []

substrate/runtime/pwasm-alloc/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# pwasm-libc
+
+Parity WASM contracts standard library libc bindings
+
+[Documentation](https://paritytech.github.io/pwasm-std/pwasm_alloc/)
+
+# License
+
+`pwasm_alloc` is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT
+license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), at your choice.
+
+See LICENSE-APACHE, and LICENSE-MIT for details.

substrate/runtime/pwasm-alloc/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#![warn(missing_docs)]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "strict", deny(warnings))]
+#![no_std]
+#![crate_type = "rlib"]
+#![feature(global_allocator)]
+#![feature(alloc)]
+#![feature(allocator_api)]
+
+//! Custom allocator crate for wasm
+
+extern crate alloc;
+extern crate pwasm_libc;
+
+use alloc::heap::{Alloc, Layout, AllocErr};
+
+/// Wasm allocator
+pub struct WasmAllocator;
+
+unsafe impl<'a> Alloc for &'a WasmAllocator {
+	unsafe fn alloc(&mut self, layout: Layout) -> Result<*mut u8, AllocErr> {
+		Ok(pwasm_libc::malloc(layout.size()))
+	}
+
+	unsafe fn dealloc(&mut self, ptr: *mut u8, _layout: Layout) {
+		pwasm_libc::free(ptr)
+	}
+}
+
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOCATOR: WasmAllocator = WasmAllocator;