diff --git a/substrate/.gitignore b/substrate/.gitignore
index 1b70fb7bcb..2e0651ba43 100644
--- a/substrate/.gitignore
+++ b/substrate/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/target/
+**/target/
 **/*.rs.bk
 *.swp
 .wasm-binaries
diff --git a/substrate/Cargo.lock b/substrate/Cargo.lock
index feca17eb64..21e7829a7b 100644
--- a/substrate/Cargo.lock
+++ b/substrate/Cargo.lock
@@ -252,11 +252,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cid"
 version = "0.2.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "integer-encoding 1.0.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "multibase 0.6.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multihash 0.8.1-pre (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multihash 0.8.1-pre (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "datastore"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "base64 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "chashmap 2.2.1 (git+https://github.com/redox-os/tfs)",
@@ -603,11 +603,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tiny-keccak 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ethcore-bytes"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ethcore-crypto"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -724,17 +719,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fixed-hash"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm#8dc457899afdaf968ff7f16140b03d1e37b01d71"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
+ "heapsize 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.41 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rand 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fixed-hash"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "heapsize 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "libc 0.2.41 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -829,11 +826,10 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashdb"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1044,15 +1040,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tiny-keccak 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "keccak-hash"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
-dependencies = [
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "tiny-keccak 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "kernel32-sys"
 version = "0.2.2"
@@ -1065,35 +1052,34 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "kvdb"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "error-chain 0.12.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethcore-bytes 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "parity-bytes 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kvdb-memorydb"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
- "kvdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "parking_lot 0.5.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "kvdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kvdb-rocksdb"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "fs-swap 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "interleaved-ordered 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "kvdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "kvdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "num_cpus 1.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "parking_lot 0.5.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "regex 0.2.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rocksdb 0.4.5 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/rust-rocksdb)",
 ]
@@ -1126,26 +1112,26 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-dns 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-floodsub 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-identify 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-kad 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-mplex 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-peerstore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-ping 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-ratelimit 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-relay 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-secio 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-tcp-transport 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-transport-timeout 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-websocket 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-yamux 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-dns 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-floodsub 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-identify 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-kad 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-mplex 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-peerstore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-ping 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-ratelimit 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-relay 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-secio 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-tcp-transport 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-transport-timeout 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-websocket 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-yamux 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "stdweb 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-current-thread 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1155,20 +1141,20 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-core"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "multihash 0.8.1-pre (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "multistream-select 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "multihash 0.8.1-pre (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "multistream-select 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "protobuf 2.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "quick-error 1.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "smallvec 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@@ -1176,12 +1162,12 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-dns"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "tokio-dns-unofficial 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@@ -1189,60 +1175,60 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-floodsub"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "protobuf 2.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "smallvec 0.6.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-identify"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-peerstore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-peerstore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "protobuf 2.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-kad"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
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  "bigint 4.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "bs58 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "datastore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "datastore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-identify 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-ping 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-identify 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-ping 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "protobuf 2.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rand 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1250,35 +1236,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-timer 0.2.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-mplex"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
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  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-peerstore"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bs58 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "datastore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "datastore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "owning_ref 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde_derive 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1287,14 +1273,14 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-ping"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "multistream-select 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "multistream-select 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "parking_lot 0.6.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rand 0.5.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1304,11 +1290,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-ratelimit"
 version = "0.1.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "aio-limited 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/aio-limited.git)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-executor 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1317,37 +1303,37 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-relay"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "libp2p-peerstore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "libp2p-peerstore 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "protobuf 2.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rand 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-codec 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-secio"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
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  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "eth-secp256k1 0.5.7 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/rust-secp256k1)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "protobuf 2.0.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rand 0.3.22 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "ring 0.12.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "untrusted 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@@ -1355,12 +1341,12 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-tcp-transport"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "tk-listen 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-tcp 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1369,10 +1355,10 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-transport-timeout"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-timer 0.2.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@@ -1380,13 +1366,13 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-websocket"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
- "rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "multiaddr 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
+ "rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "stdweb 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "websocket 0.20.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1395,11 +1381,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p-yamux"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p-core 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "yamux 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/yamux)",
@@ -1475,16 +1461,14 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memorydb"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "hashdb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "heapsize 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "keccak-hash 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "plain_hasher 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "plain_hasher 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1535,10 +1519,10 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "multiaddr"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "cid 0.2.3 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "cid 0.2.3 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "integer-encoding 1.0.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
@@ -1553,7 +1537,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "multihash"
 version = "0.8.1-pre"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "sha1 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "sha2 0.7.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -1563,14 +1547,14 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "multistream-select"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "smallvec 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio-io 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1685,6 +1669,23 @@ dependencies = [
  "stable_deref_trait 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-bytes"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parity-crypto"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
+dependencies = [
+ "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "quick-error 1.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "ring 0.12.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rust-crypto 0.2.36 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "parity-wasm"
 version = "0.31.0"
@@ -1743,20 +1744,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "patricia-trie"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethcore-bytes 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "ethcore-logger 1.12.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "hashdb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "keccak-hash 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "memorydb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "parity-bytes 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "rand 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "triehash 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1771,11 +1766,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "plain_hasher"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2021,7 +2015,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rlp"
 version = "0.2.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2104,7 +2098,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "rw-stream-sink"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2388,6 +2382,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "substrate-runtime-primitives 0.1.0",
  "substrate-service 0.3.0",
  "substrate-telemetry 0.3.0",
+ "sysinfo 0.5.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "time 0.1.40 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
@@ -2400,9 +2395,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "error-chain 0.12.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "heapsize 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "hex-literal 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "parking_lot 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "patricia-trie 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "slog 2.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "substrate-bft 0.1.0",
  "substrate-codec 0.1.0",
@@ -2422,15 +2421,13 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "substrate-client-db"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "hashdb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "kvdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "kvdb-memorydb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "kvdb-rocksdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "kvdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "kvdb-memorydb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "kvdb-rocksdb 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "memorydb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "memorydb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "parking_lot 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "patricia-trie 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
  "substrate-client 0.1.0",
  "substrate-codec 0.1.0",
  "substrate-codec-derive 0.1.0",
@@ -2467,6 +2464,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "ed25519 0.1.0",
  "error-chain 0.12.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "hex-literal 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "lazy_static 1.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2479,6 +2477,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "substrate-runtime-version 0.1.0",
  "substrate-serializer 0.1.0",
  "substrate-state-machine 0.1.0",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "triehash 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "twox-hash 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "wabt 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2495,7 +2494,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde_derive 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "transaction-pool 1.12.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "transaction-pool 1.12.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2513,8 +2512,8 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "ed25519 0.1.0",
  "error-chain 0.12.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethcore-crypto 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
  "hex 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "parity-crypto 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "rand 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde_derive 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2567,7 +2566,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "assert_matches 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "bytes 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "error-chain 0.12.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethcore-bytes 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
  "ethcore-io 1.12.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
  "ethcore-logger 1.12.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
  "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2575,8 +2573,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "futures 0.1.21 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "libc 0.2.41 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libp2p 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)",
+ "libp2p 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "parity-bytes 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "parking_lot 0.5.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rand 0.5.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "tokio 0.1.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2592,8 +2591,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "blake2-rfc 0.2.18 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "fixed-hash 0.1.3 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)",
+ "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "fixed-hash 0.2.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "heapsize 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "patricia-trie 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "plain_hasher 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "pretty_assertions 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "rustc-hex 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde_derive 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -2601,8 +2606,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "substrate-codec-derive 0.1.0",
  "substrate-runtime-std 0.1.0",
  "substrate-serializer 0.1.0",
+ "tiny-keccak 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "twox-hash 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "uint 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)",
+ "uint 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "wasmi 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
@@ -2638,6 +2644,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jsonrpc-pubsub 8.0.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git)",
  "jsonrpc-ws-server 8.0.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "serde 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "substrate-rpc 0.1.0",
  "substrate-runtime-primitives 0.1.0",
 ]
@@ -2668,6 +2675,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde_derive 1.0.70 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "substrate-codec 0.1.0",
+ "substrate-primitives 0.1.0",
  "substrate-runtime-consensus 0.1.0",
  "substrate-runtime-io 0.1.0",
  "substrate-runtime-primitives 0.1.0",
@@ -2959,15 +2967,16 @@ name = "substrate-state-machine"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "hashdb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "heapsize 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "hex-literal 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "memorydb 0.1.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "memorydb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "parking_lot 0.4.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "patricia-trie 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
+ "patricia-trie 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "substrate-primitives 0.1.0",
- "triehash 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "triehash 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2988,6 +2997,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "substrate-test-client"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "rhododendron 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "substrate-bft 0.1.0",
  "substrate-client 0.1.0",
@@ -3035,6 +3045,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-xid 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sysinfo"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.41 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rayon 1.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "winapi 0.3.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "take"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -3340,26 +3361,15 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "transaction-pool"
-version = "1.12.1"
+version = "1.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
  "error-chain 0.12.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "log 0.3.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "log 0.4.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "smallvec 0.4.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "trace-time 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "triehash"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git#4145be863bec10038fc0ac5d36a41365b5087344"
-dependencies = [
- "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ethereum-types 0.3.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "keccak-hash 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
- "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "triehash"
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -3371,6 +3381,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "rlp 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "triehash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
+dependencies = [
+ "elastic-array 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "try-lock"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -3399,16 +3419,6 @@ name = "ucd-util"
 version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "uint"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm#8dc457899afdaf968ff7f16140b03d1e37b01d71"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rustc-hex 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "rustc_version 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "uint"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -3420,6 +3430,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustc_version 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uint"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#22209e14805e5764f7fe81259324d34eab179264"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder 1.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "rustc-hex 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicase"
 version = "1.4.2"
@@ -3500,7 +3520,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 [[package]]
 name = "varint"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
+source = "git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294#6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294"
 dependencies = [
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 "checksum proc-macro-hack 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3ba8d4f9257b85eb6cdf13f055cea3190520aab1409ca2ab43493ea4820c25f0"
 "checksum proc-macro-hack-impl 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d5cb6f960ad471404618e9817c0e5d10b1ae74cfdf01fab89ea0641fe7fb2892"
@@ -3875,7 +3895,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum remove_dir_all 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3488ba1b9a2084d38645c4c08276a1752dcbf2c7130d74f1569681ad5d2799c5"
 "checksum rhododendron 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3d2b4c928dfb981e491432f0809e93c99857112b0a348a93eee6b13e0bf0f0f3"
 "checksum ring 0.12.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6f7d28b30a72c01b458428e0ae988d4149c20d902346902be881e3edc4bb325c"
-"checksum rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum rlp 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
 "checksum rlp 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "89db7f8dfdd5eb7ab3ac3ece7a07fd273a680b4b224cb231181280e8996f9f0b"
 "checksum rocksdb 0.4.5 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/rust-rocksdb)" = "<none>"
 "checksum rocksdb-sys 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/rust-rocksdb)" = "<none>"
@@ -3885,7 +3905,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum rustc-hex 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d2b03280c2813907a030785570c577fb27d3deec8da4c18566751ade94de0ace"
 "checksum rustc-serialize 0.3.24 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "dcf128d1287d2ea9d80910b5f1120d0b8eede3fbf1abe91c40d39ea7d51e6fda"
 "checksum rustc_version 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a54aa04a10c68c1c4eacb4337fd883b435997ede17a9385784b990777686b09a"
-"checksum rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)" = "<none>"
+"checksum rw-stream-sink 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)" = "<none>"
 "checksum safe-mix 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "7f7bf422d23a88c16d5090d455f182bc99c60af4df6a345c63428acf5129e347"
 "checksum safemem 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e27a8b19b835f7aea908818e871f5cc3a5a186550c30773be987e155e8163d8f"
 "checksum schannel 0.1.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "85fd9df495640643ad2d00443b3d78aae69802ad488debab4f1dd52fc1806ade"
@@ -3919,6 +3939,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum strsim 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "bb4f380125926a99e52bc279241539c018323fab05ad6368b56f93d9369ff550"
 "checksum subtle 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "dc7f6353c2ee5407358d063a14cccc1630804527090a6fb5a9489ce4924280fb"
 "checksum syn 0.14.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6dfd71b2be5a58ee30a6f8ea355ba8290d397131c00dfa55c3d34e6e13db5101"
+"checksum sysinfo 0.5.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "394abcf30852ac00878ab01642b13668db48d166d945f250c7bdbb9e12d75ad0"
 "checksum take 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "b157868d8ac1f56b64604539990685fa7611d8fa9e5476cf0c02cf34d32917c5"
 "checksum take_mut 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f764005d11ee5f36500a149ace24e00e3da98b0158b3e2d53a7495660d3f4d60"
 "checksum target_info 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "c63f48baada5c52e65a29eef93ab4f8982681b67f9e8d29c7b05abcfec2b9ffe"
@@ -3949,16 +3970,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum tokio-udp 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "137bda266504893ac4774e0ec4c2108f7ccdbcb7ac8dced6305fe9e4e0b5041a"
 "checksum trace-time 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "5aea07da6582e957c6e737eeb63a5af79e648eeeaaaba8fd9a417f1124bafa41"
 "checksum traitobject 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "efd1f82c56340fdf16f2a953d7bda4f8fdffba13d93b00844c25572110b26079"
-"checksum transaction-pool 1.12.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "be1efb673ddf49ab4a99893eb3af02f6563636033fb832c2b7f937641ad62b17"
-"checksum triehash 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git)" = "<none>"
+"checksum transaction-pool 1.12.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "0f1fc049d9f039d3e9264f97f978309b94b5a5c56a5c18d28f91f469cef2b367"
 "checksum triehash 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "2033893a813c70e7d8a739ca6c36dc0a7a2c913ec718d7cbf84a3837bbe3c7ce"
+"checksum triehash 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
 "checksum try-lock 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "ee2aa4715743892880f70885373966c83d73ef1b0838a664ef0c76fffd35e7c2"
 "checksum twox-hash 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "475352206e7a290c5fccc27624a163e8d0d115f7bb60ca18a64fc9ce056d7435"
 "checksum typeable 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "1410f6f91f21d1612654e7cc69193b0334f909dcf2c790c4826254fbb86f8887"
 "checksum typenum 1.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "612d636f949607bdf9b123b4a6f6d966dedf3ff669f7f045890d3a4a73948169"
 "checksum ucd-util 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "fd2be2d6639d0f8fe6cdda291ad456e23629558d466e2789d2c3e9892bda285d"
-"checksum uint 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)" = "<none>"
 "checksum uint 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "38051a96565903d81c9a9210ce11076b2218f3b352926baa1f5f6abbdfce8273"
+"checksum uint 0.3.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
 "checksum unicase 1.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "7f4765f83163b74f957c797ad9253caf97f103fb064d3999aea9568d09fc8a33"
 "checksum unicase 2.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "284b6d3db520d67fbe88fd778c21510d1b0ba4a551e5d0fbb023d33405f6de8a"
 "checksum unicode-bidi 0.3.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "49f2bd0c6468a8230e1db229cff8029217cf623c767ea5d60bfbd42729ea54d5"
@@ -3970,7 +3991,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "checksum untrusted 0.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f392d7819dbe58833e26872f5f6f0d68b7bbbe90fc3667e98731c4a15ad9a7ae"
 "checksum url 1.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "f808aadd8cfec6ef90e4a14eb46f24511824d1ac596b9682703c87056c8678b7"
 "checksum utf8-ranges 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "662fab6525a98beff2921d7f61a39e7d59e0b425ebc7d0d9e66d316e55124122"
-"checksum varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?branch=polkadot-2)" = "<none>"
+"checksum varint 0.1.0 (git+https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs?rev=6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294)" = "<none>"
 "checksum vcpkg 0.2.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "7ed0f6789c8a85ca41bbc1c9d175422116a9869bd1cf31bb08e1493ecce60380"
 "checksum vec_map 0.8.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "05c78687fb1a80548ae3250346c3db86a80a7cdd77bda190189f2d0a0987c81a"
 "checksum version_check 0.1.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "6b772017e347561807c1aa192438c5fd74242a670a6cffacc40f2defd1dc069d"
diff --git a/substrate/demo/cli/src/lib.rs b/substrate/demo/cli/src/lib.rs
index 7a8869db84..27a317e45f 100644
--- a/substrate/demo/cli/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/demo/cli/src/lib.rs
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ use demo_executor::NativeExecutor;
 struct DummyPool;
 impl extrinsic_pool::api::ExtrinsicPool<UncheckedExtrinsic, BlockId, Hash> for DummyPool {
 	type Error = extrinsic_pool::txpool::Error;
+	type InPool = ();
 
 	fn submit(&self, _block: BlockId, _: Vec<UncheckedExtrinsic>)
 		-> Result<Vec<Hash>, Self::Error>
@@ -79,6 +80,10 @@ impl extrinsic_pool::api::ExtrinsicPool<UncheckedExtrinsic, BlockId, Hash> for D
 	fn import_notification_stream(&self) -> extrinsic_pool::api::EventStream {
 		unreachable!()
 	}
+
+	fn all(&self) -> Self::InPool {
+		unreachable!()
+	}
 }
 
 struct DummySystem;
@@ -176,7 +181,7 @@ pub fn run<I, T>(args: I) -> error::Result<()> where
 			let state = rpc::apis::state::State::new(client.clone(), runtime.executor());
 			let chain = rpc::apis::chain::Chain::new(client.clone(), runtime.executor());
 			let author = rpc::apis::author::Author::new(client.clone(), Arc::new(DummyPool), runtime.executor());
-			rpc::rpc_handler::<Block, _, _, _, _>(state, chain, author, DummySystem)
+			rpc::rpc_handler::<Block, _, _, _, _, _>(state, chain, author, DummySystem)
 		};
 		let http_address = "127.0.0.1:9933".parse().unwrap();
 		let ws_address = "127.0.0.1:9944".parse().unwrap();
diff --git a/substrate/demo/executor/src/lib.rs b/substrate/demo/executor/src/lib.rs
index 5ebece1f60..ed028a5c20 100644
--- a/substrate/demo/executor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/demo/executor/src/lib.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use keyring::Keyring;
 	use runtime_support::{Hashable, StorageValue, StorageMap};
 	use state_machine::{CodeExecutor, TestExternalities};
-	use primitives::twox_128;
+	use primitives::{twox_128, KeccakHasher};
 	use demo_primitives::{Hash, BlockNumber, AccountId};
 	use runtime_primitives::traits::Header as HeaderT;
 	use runtime_primitives::{ApplyOutcome, ApplyError, ApplyResult, MaybeUnsigned};
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn panic_execution_with_foreign_code_gives_error() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(&<staking::FreeBalance<Concrete>>::key_for(alice())).to_vec() => vec![69u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionBaseFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![70u8; 8],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionByteFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn bad_extrinsic_with_native_equivalent_code_gives_error() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(&<staking::FreeBalance<Concrete>>::key_for(alice())).to_vec() => vec![69u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionBaseFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![70u8; 8],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionByteFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn successful_execution_with_native_equivalent_code_gives_ok() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(&<staking::FreeBalance<Concrete>>::key_for(alice())).to_vec() => vec![111u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionBaseFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionByteFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn successful_execution_with_foreign_code_gives_ok() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(&<staking::FreeBalance<Concrete>>::key_for(alice())).to_vec() => vec![111u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionBaseFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionByteFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ mod tests {
 		});
 	}
 
-	fn new_test_ext() -> TestExternalities {
+	fn new_test_ext() -> TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		use keyring::Keyring::*;
 		let three = [3u8; 32].into();
 		GenesisConfig {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ mod tests {
 			democracy: Some(Default::default()),
 			council: Some(Default::default()),
 			timestamp: Some(Default::default()),
-		}.build_storage().unwrap()
+		}.build_storage().unwrap().into()
 	}
 
 	fn construct_block(number: BlockNumber, parent_hash: Hash, state_root: Hash, extrinsics: Vec<BareExtrinsic>) -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
@@ -247,7 +247,10 @@ mod tests {
 		construct_block(
 			1,
 			[69u8; 32].into(),
-			hex!("b97d52254fc967bb94bed485de6a738e9fad05decfda3453711677b8becf6d0a").into(),
+			// Blake
+			// hex!("3437bf4b182ab17bb322af5c67e55f6be487a77084ad2b4e27ddac7242e4ad21").into(),
+			// Keccak
+			hex!("c563199c60df7d914262b1775b284870f3a5da2f24b56d2c6288b37c815a6cd9").into(),
 			vec![BareExtrinsic {
 				signed: alice(),
 				index: 0,
@@ -260,7 +263,43 @@ mod tests {
 		construct_block(
 			2,
 			block1().1,
-			hex!("a1f018d2faa339f72f5ee29050b4670d971e2e271cc06c41ee9cbe1f4c6feec9").into(),
+			// Blake
+			// hex!("741fcb660e6fa9f625fbcd993b49f6c1cc4040f5e0cc8727afdedf11fd3c464b").into(),
+			// Keccak
+			hex!("83f71d5475f63350825b0301de322233d3711a9f3fcfd74050d1534af47a36b3").into(),
+			vec![
+				BareExtrinsic {
+					signed: bob(),
+					index: 0,
+					function: Call::Staking(staking::Call::transfer(alice().into(), 5)),
+				},
+				BareExtrinsic {
+					signed: alice(),
+					index: 1,
+					function: Call::Staking(staking::Call::transfer(bob().into(), 15)),
+				}
+			]
+		)
+	}
+
+	fn block1_wasm() -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
+		construct_block(
+			1,
+			[69u8; 32].into(),
+			hex!("b97d52254fc967bb94bed485de6a738e9fad05decfda3453711677b8becf6d0a").into(),
+			vec![BareExtrinsic {
+				signed: alice(),
+				index: 0,
+				function: Call::Staking(staking::Call::transfer(bob().into(), 69)),
+			}]
+		)
+	}
+
+	fn block2_wasm() -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
+		construct_block(
+			2,
+			block1().1,
+			hex!("b820fe09935dba41d200b627c11bd7dd9ebff39c319dee18be3ee4f99fc1eab4").into(),
 			vec![
 				BareExtrinsic {
 					signed: bob(),
@@ -280,7 +319,10 @@ mod tests {
 		construct_block(
 			1,
 			[69u8; 32].into(),
-			hex!("41d07010f49aa29b2c9aca542cbaa6f59aafd3dda53cdf711c51ddb7d386912e").into(),
+			// Blake
+			// hex!("2c7231a9c210a7aa4bea169d944bc4aaacd517862b244b8021236ffa7f697991").into(),
+			// Keccak
+			hex!("06d026c0d687ec583660a6052de6f89acdb24ea964d06be3831c837c3c426966").into(),
 			vec![BareExtrinsic {
 				signed: alice(),
 				index: 0,
@@ -312,14 +354,14 @@ mod tests {
 	fn full_wasm_block_import_works() {
 		let mut t = new_test_ext();
 
-		WasmExecutor::new(8).call(&mut t, COMPACT_CODE, "execute_block", &block1().0).unwrap();
+		WasmExecutor::new(8).call(&mut t, COMPACT_CODE, "execute_block", &block1_wasm().0).unwrap();
 
 		runtime_io::with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&alice()), 41);
 			assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&bob()), 69);
 		});
 
-		WasmExecutor::new(8).call(&mut t, COMPACT_CODE, "execute_block", &block2().0).unwrap();
+		WasmExecutor::new(8).call(&mut t, COMPACT_CODE, "execute_block", &block2_wasm().0).unwrap();
 
 		runtime_io::with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&alice()), 30);
@@ -353,7 +395,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn panic_execution_gives_error() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(&<staking::FreeBalance<Concrete>>::key_for(alice())).to_vec() => vec![69u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionBaseFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![70u8; 8],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionByteFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
@@ -373,7 +415,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn successful_execution_gives_ok() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(&<staking::FreeBalance<Concrete>>::key_for(alice())).to_vec() => vec![111u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionBaseFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
 			twox_128(<staking::TransactionByteFee<Concrete>>::key()).to_vec() => vec![0u8; 8],
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/cli/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/cli/Cargo.toml
index 723c568ba3..176d59bbe7 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ tokio = "0.1.7"
 futures = "0.1.17"
 fdlimit = "0.1"
 exit-future = "0.1"
+sysinfo = "0.5.7"
 substrate-client = { path = "../../substrate/client" }
 substrate-extrinsic-pool = { path = "../../substrate/extrinsic-pool" }
 substrate-network = { path = "../../substrate/network" }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/cli/src/informant.rs b/substrate/substrate/cli/src/informant.rs
index d980e74bb8..2cc61a8e83 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/cli/src/informant.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/cli/src/informant.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use futures::{Future, Stream};
 use service::{Service, Components};
 use tokio::runtime::TaskExecutor;
 use tokio::timer::Interval;
+use sysinfo::{get_current_pid, ProcessExt, System, SystemExt};
 use network::{SyncState, SyncProvider};
 use client::BlockchainEvents;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Header, As};
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ pub fn start<C>(service: &Service<C>, exit: ::exit_future::Exit, handle: TaskExe
 	let txpool = service.extrinsic_pool();
 	let mut last_number = None;
 
+	let mut sys = System::new();
+	let self_pid = get_current_pid();
+
 	let display_notifications = interval.map_err(|e| debug!("Timer error: {:?}", e)).for_each(move |_| {
 		let sync_status = network.status();
 
@@ -65,17 +69,27 @@ pub fn start<C>(service: &Service<C>, exit: ::exit_future::Exit, handle: TaskExe
 				Colour::White.paint(format!("{}", best_number)),
 				hash
 			);
+
+			// get cpu usage and memory usage of this process
+			let (cpu_usage, memory) = if sys.refresh_process(self_pid) {
+				let proc = sys.get_process(self_pid).expect("Above refresh_process succeeds, this should be Some(), qed");
+				(proc.cpu_usage(), proc.memory())
+			} else { (0.0, 0) };
+
 			telemetry!(
 				"system.interval";
 				"status" => format!("{}{}", status, target),
 				"peers" => num_peers,
 				"height" => best_number,
 				"best" => ?hash,
-				"txcount" => txpool_status.transaction_count
+				"txcount" => txpool_status.transaction_count,
+				"cpu" => cpu_usage,
+				"memory" => memory
 			);
 		} else {
 			warn!("Error getting best block information");
 		}
+
 		Ok(())
 	});
 
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/cli/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/cli/src/lib.rs
index a1064cccc4..f2dee51e45 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/cli/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/cli/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ extern crate futures;
 extern crate tokio;
 extern crate names;
 extern crate backtrace;
+extern crate sysinfo;
 
 extern crate substrate_client as client;
 extern crate substrate_network as network;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/client/Cargo.toml
index 5b34739576..59ab16ba48 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ hex-literal = "0.1"
 futures = "0.1.17"
 ed25519 = { path = "../ed25519" }
 slog = "^2"
+heapsize = "0.4"
 substrate-bft = { path = "../bft" }
 substrate-codec = { path = "../codec" }
 substrate-executor = { path = "../executor" }
@@ -23,6 +24,9 @@ substrate-runtime-primitives = { path = "../runtime/primitives" }
 substrate-state-machine = { path = "../state-machine" }
 substrate-keyring = { path = "../../substrate/keyring" }
 substrate-telemetry = { path = "../telemetry" }
+hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+patricia-trie = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+rlp = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 substrate-test-client = { path = "../test-client" }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/db/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/client/db/Cargo.toml
index 52805843aa..6fc8242335 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/db/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/db/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 [dependencies]
 parking_lot = "0.4"
 log = "0.3"
-kvdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
-kvdb-rocksdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
-ethereum-types = "0.3"
-hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
-patricia-trie = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
-memorydb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
+kvdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+kvdb-rocksdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+memorydb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
 substrate-primitives = { path = "../../../substrate/primitives" }
 substrate-runtime-primitives = { path = "../../../substrate/runtime/primitives" }
 substrate-client = { path = "../../../substrate/client" }
@@ -23,4 +21,4 @@ substrate-executor = { path = "../../../substrate/executor" }
 substrate-state-db = { path = "../../../substrate/state-db" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-kvdb-memorydb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
+kvdb-memorydb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/lib.rs
index 46ab7e654b..2fa5fb6151 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,19 +46,21 @@ mod utils;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::io;
 
 use codec::{Decode, Encode};
+use hashdb::Hasher;
 use kvdb::{KeyValueDB, DBTransaction};
 use memorydb::MemoryDB;
 use parking_lot::RwLock;
-use primitives::{H256, AuthorityId};
+use primitives::{H256, AuthorityId, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use runtime_primitives::bft::Justification;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT, As, Hash, HashFor, NumberFor, Zero};
 use runtime_primitives::BuildStorage;
 use state_machine::backend::Backend as StateBackend;
 use executor::RuntimeInfo;
-use state_machine::{CodeExecutor, TrieH256, DBValue, ExecutionStrategy};
+use state_machine::{CodeExecutor, DBValue, ExecutionStrategy};
 use utils::{Meta, db_err, meta_keys, number_to_db_key, open_database, read_db, read_id, read_meta};
 use state_db::StateDb;
 pub use state_db::PruningMode;
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ pub use state_db::PruningMode;
 const FINALIZATION_WINDOW: u64 = 32;
 
 /// DB-backed patricia trie state, transaction type is an overlay of changes to commit.
-pub type DbState = state_machine::TrieBackend;
+pub type DbState = state_machine::TrieBackend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>;
 
 /// Database settings.
 pub struct DatabaseSettings {
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ pub fn new_client<E, S, Block>(
 ) -> Result<client::Client<Backend<Block>, client::LocalCallExecutor<Backend<Block>, E>, Block>, client::error::Error>
 	where
 		Block: BlockT,
-		E: CodeExecutor + RuntimeInfo,
+		E: CodeExecutor<KeccakHasher> + RuntimeInfo,
 		S: BuildStorage,
 {
 	let backend = Arc::new(Backend::new(settings, FINALIZATION_WINDOW)?);
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ struct PendingBlock<Block: BlockT> {
 struct StateMetaDb<'a>(&'a KeyValueDB);
 
 impl<'a> state_db::MetaDb for StateMetaDb<'a> {
-	type Error = kvdb::Error;
+	type Error = io::Error;
 
 	fn get_meta(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
 		self.0.get(columns::STATE_META, key).map(|r| r.map(|v| v.to_vec()))
@@ -215,13 +217,16 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> client::blockchain::Backend<Block> for BlockchainDb<Block> {
 }
 
 /// Database transaction
-pub struct BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT> {
+pub struct BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT, H: Hasher> {
 	old_state: DbState,
-	updates: MemoryDB,
+	updates: MemoryDB<H>,
 	pending_block: Option<PendingBlock<Block>>,
 }
 
-impl<Block: BlockT> client::backend::BlockImportOperation<Block> for BlockImportOperation<Block> {
+impl<Block> client::backend::BlockImportOperation<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>
+for BlockImportOperation<Block, KeccakHasher>
+where Block: BlockT,
+{
 	type State = DbState;
 
 	fn state(&self) -> Result<Option<&Self::State>, client::error::Error> {
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> client::backend::BlockImportOperation<Block> for BlockImport
 		// currently authorities are not cached on full nodes
 	}
 
-	fn update_storage(&mut self, update: MemoryDB) -> Result<(), client::error::Error> {
+	fn update_storage(&mut self, update: MemoryDB<KeccakHasher>) -> Result<(), client::error::Error> {
 		self.updates = update;
 		Ok(())
 	}
@@ -261,15 +266,15 @@ struct StorageDb<Block: BlockT> {
 	pub state_db: StateDb<Block::Hash, H256>,
 }
 
-impl<Block: BlockT> state_machine::Storage for StorageDb<Block> {
-	fn get(&self, key: &TrieH256) -> Result<Option<DBValue>, String> {
+impl<Block: BlockT> state_machine::Storage<KeccakHasher> for StorageDb<Block> {
+	fn get(&self, key: &H256) -> Result<Option<DBValue>, String> {
 		self.state_db.get(&key.0.into(), self).map(|r| r.map(|v| DBValue::from_slice(&v)))
 			.map_err(|e| format!("Database backend error: {:?}", e))
 	}
 }
 
 impl<Block: BlockT> state_db::HashDb for StorageDb<Block> {
-	type Error = kvdb::Error;
+	type Error = io::Error;
 	type Hash = H256;
 
 	fn get(&self, key: &H256) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> Backend<Block> {
 
 	fn from_kvdb(db: Arc<KeyValueDB>, pruning: PruningMode, finalization_window: u64) -> Result<Self, client::error::Error> {
 		let blockchain = BlockchainDb::new(db.clone())?;
-		let map_e = |e: state_db::Error<kvdb::Error>| ::client::error::Error::from(format!("State database error: {:?}", e));
+		let map_e = |e: state_db::Error<io::Error>| ::client::error::Error::from(format!("State database error: {:?}", e));
 		let state_db: StateDb<Block::Hash, H256> = StateDb::new(pruning, &StateMetaDb(&*db)).map_err(map_e)?;
 		let storage_db = StorageDb {
 			db,
@@ -335,8 +340,8 @@ fn apply_state_commit(transaction: &mut DBTransaction, commit: state_db::CommitS
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Block: BlockT> client::backend::Backend<Block> for Backend<Block> {
-	type BlockImportOperation = BlockImportOperation<Block>;
+impl<Block> client::backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> for Backend<Block> where Block: BlockT {
+	type BlockImportOperation = BlockImportOperation<Block, KeccakHasher>;
 	type Blockchain = BlockchainDb<Block>;
 	type State = DbState;
 
@@ -450,14 +455,14 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> client::backend::Backend<Block> for Backend<Block> {
 		}
 
 		self.blockchain.header(block).and_then(|maybe_hdr| maybe_hdr.map(|hdr| {
-			let root: TrieH256  = TrieH256::from_slice(hdr.state_root().as_ref());
+			let root: H256  = H256::from_slice(hdr.state_root().as_ref());
 			DbState::with_storage(self.storage.clone(), root)
 		}).ok_or_else(|| client::error::ErrorKind::UnknownBlock(format!("{:?}", block)).into()))
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Block: BlockT> client::backend::LocalBackend<Block> for Backend<Block>
-{}
+impl<Block> client::backend::LocalBackend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> for Backend<Block>
+where Block: BlockT {}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/utils.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/utils.rs
index ea5a8f2e77..cc735950db 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/utils.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/db/src/utils.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@
 //! full and light storages.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::io;
 
-use kvdb::{self, KeyValueDB, DBTransaction};
+use kvdb::{KeyValueDB, DBTransaction};
 use kvdb_rocksdb::{Database, DatabaseConfig};
 
 use client;
@@ -83,20 +84,15 @@ pub fn db_key_to_number<N>(key: &[u8]) -> client::error::Result<N> where N: As<u
 }
 
 /// Maps database error to client error
-pub fn db_err(err: kvdb::Error) -> client::error::Error {
+pub fn db_err(err: io::Error) -> client::error::Error {
 	use std::error::Error;
-	match err.kind() {
-		&kvdb::ErrorKind::Io(ref err) => client::error::ErrorKind::Backend(err.description().into()).into(),
-		&kvdb::ErrorKind::Msg(ref m) => client::error::ErrorKind::Backend(m.clone()).into(),
-		_ => client::error::ErrorKind::Backend("Unknown backend error".into()).into(),
-	}
+	client::error::ErrorKind::Backend(err.description().into()).into()
 }
 
 /// Open RocksDB database.
 pub fn open_database(config: &DatabaseSettings, db_type: &str) -> client::error::Result<Arc<KeyValueDB>> {
 	let mut db_config = DatabaseConfig::with_columns(Some(NUM_COLUMNS));
 	db_config.memory_budget = config.cache_size;
-	db_config.wal = true;
 	let path = config.path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| client::error::ErrorKind::Backend("Invalid database path".into()))?;
 	let db = Database::open(&db_config, &path).map_err(db_err)?;
 
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/backend.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/backend.rs
index 8de27a39b4..4509f3d190 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/backend.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/backend.rs
@@ -22,11 +22,18 @@ use runtime_primitives::bft::Justification;
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, NumberFor};
 use state_machine::backend::Backend as StateBackend;
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
 
 /// Block insertion operation. Keeps hold if the inserted block state and data.
-pub trait BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT> {
+pub trait BlockImportOperation<Block, H, C>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{
 	/// Associated state backend type.
-	type State: StateBackend;
+	type State: StateBackend<H, C>;
 
 	/// Returns pending state. Returns None for backends with locally-unavailable state data.
 	fn state(&self) -> error::Result<Option<&Self::State>>;
@@ -43,7 +50,7 @@ pub trait BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT> {
 	/// has been used to check justification of this block).
 	fn update_authorities(&mut self, authorities: Vec<AuthorityId>);
 	/// Inject storage data into the database.
-	fn update_storage(&mut self, update: <Self::State as StateBackend>::Transaction) -> error::Result<()>;
+	fn update_storage(&mut self, update: <Self::State as StateBackend<H, C>>::Transaction) -> error::Result<()>;
 	/// Inject storage data into the database replacing any existing data.
 	fn reset_storage<I: Iterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)>>(&mut self, iter: I) -> error::Result<()>;
 }
@@ -56,13 +63,18 @@ pub trait BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT> {
 ///
 /// The same applies for live `BlockImportOperation`s: while an import operation building on a parent `P`
 /// is alive, the state for `P` should not be pruned.
-pub trait Backend<Block: BlockT>: Send + Sync {
+pub trait Backend<Block, H, C>: Send + Sync
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{
 	/// Associated block insertion operation type.
-	type BlockImportOperation: BlockImportOperation<Block>;
+	type BlockImportOperation: BlockImportOperation<Block, H, C>;
 	/// Associated blockchain backend type.
 	type Blockchain: ::blockchain::Backend<Block>;
 	/// Associated state backend type.
-	type State: StateBackend;
+	type State: StateBackend<H, C>;
 
 	/// Begin a new block insertion transaction with given parent block id.
 	/// When constructing the genesis, this is called with all-zero hash.
@@ -79,7 +91,17 @@ pub trait Backend<Block: BlockT>: Send + Sync {
 }
 
 /// Mark for all Backend implementations, that are making use of state data, stored locally.
-pub trait LocalBackend<Block: BlockT>: Backend<Block> {}
+pub trait LocalBackend<Block, H, C>: Backend<Block, H, C>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{}
 
 /// Mark for all Backend implementations, that are fetching required state data from remote nodes.
-pub trait RemoteBackend<Block: BlockT>: Backend<Block> {}
+pub trait RemoteBackend<Block, H, C>: Backend<Block, H, C>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{}
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/block_builder.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/block_builder.rs
index bc5c29a37f..30216f4157 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/block_builder.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/block_builder.rs
@@ -23,12 +23,20 @@ use runtime_primitives::traits::{Header as HeaderT, Hash, Block as BlockT, One,
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use {backend, error, Client, CallExecutor};
 use runtime_primitives::{ApplyResult, ApplyOutcome};
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::Encodable;
 
 /// Utility for building new (valid) blocks from a stream of extrinsics.
-pub struct BlockBuilder<B, E, Block> where
-	B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-	E: CallExecutor<Block> + Clone,
+pub struct BlockBuilder<B, E, Block, H, C>
+where
+	B: backend::Backend<Block, H, C>,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, H, C> + Clone,
 	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	H::Out: Encodable + Ord,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
 {
 	header: <Block as BlockT>::Header,
 	extrinsics: Vec<<Block as BlockT>::Extrinsic>,
@@ -37,9 +45,10 @@ pub struct BlockBuilder<B, E, Block> where
 	changes: state_machine::OverlayedChanges,
 }
 
-impl<B, E, Block> BlockBuilder<B, E, Block> where
-	B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-	E: CallExecutor<Block> + Clone,
+impl<B, E, Block> BlockBuilder<B, E, Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>
+where
+	B: backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Clone,
 	Block: BlockT,
 {
 	/// Create a new instance of builder from the given client, building on the latest block.
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/call_executor.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/call_executor.rs
index ac561b5a54..6da6d0a04f 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/call_executor.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/call_executor.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,17 @@
 // along with Polkadot.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::cmp::Ord;
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::Block as BlockT;
-use state_machine::{self, OverlayedChanges, Ext, 
+use state_machine::{self, OverlayedChanges, Ext,
 	CodeExecutor, ExecutionManager, native_when_possible};
 use runtime_io::Externalities;
 use executor::{RuntimeVersion, RuntimeInfo};
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::Encodable;
 
 use backend;
 use error;
@@ -35,7 +40,13 @@ pub struct CallResult {
 }
 
 /// Method call executor.
-pub trait CallExecutor<B: BlockT> {
+pub trait CallExecutor<B, H, C>
+where
+	B: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{
 	/// Externalities error type.
 	type Error: state_machine::Error;
 
@@ -57,7 +68,7 @@ pub trait CallExecutor<B: BlockT> {
 	///
 	/// No changes are made.
 	fn call_at_state<
-		S: state_machine::Backend,
+		S: state_machine::Backend<H, C>,
 		F: FnOnce(Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>, Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>,
 	>(&self,
 		state: &S,
@@ -70,7 +81,7 @@ pub trait CallExecutor<B: BlockT> {
 	/// Execute a call to a contract on top of given state, gathering execution proof.
 	///
 	/// No changes are made.
-	fn prove_at_state<S: state_machine::Backend>(&self,
+	fn prove_at_state<S: state_machine::Backend<H, C>>(&self,
 		state: S,
 		overlay: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 		method: &str,
@@ -104,11 +115,11 @@ impl<B, E> Clone for LocalCallExecutor<B, E> where E: Clone {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<B, E, Block> CallExecutor<Block> for LocalCallExecutor<B, E>
-	where
-		B: backend::LocalBackend<Block>,
-		E: CodeExecutor + RuntimeInfo,
-		Block: BlockT,
+impl<B, E, Block> CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> for LocalCallExecutor<B, E>
+where
+	B: backend::LocalBackend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+	E: CodeExecutor<KeccakHasher> + RuntimeInfo,
+	Block: BlockT,
 {
 	type Error = E::Error;
 
@@ -140,7 +151,7 @@ impl<B, E, Block> CallExecutor<Block> for LocalCallExecutor<B, E>
 	}
 
 	fn call_at_state<
-		S: state_machine::Backend,
+		S: state_machine::Backend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
 		F: FnOnce(Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>, Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>,
 	>(&self,
 		state: &S,
@@ -159,7 +170,7 @@ impl<B, E, Block> CallExecutor<Block> for LocalCallExecutor<B, E>
 		).map_err(Into::into)
 	}
 
-	fn prove_at_state<S: state_machine::Backend>(&self,
+	fn prove_at_state<S: state_machine::Backend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>>(&self,
 		state: S,
 		changes: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 		method: &str,
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/client.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/client.rs
index 4ae139c729..2bd8e9f8a6 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/client.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/client.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use primitives::AuthorityId;
 use runtime_primitives::{bft::Justification, generic::{BlockId, SignedBlock, Block as RuntimeBlock}};
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT, Zero, One, As, NumberFor};
 use runtime_primitives::BuildStorage;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 use primitives::storage::{StorageKey, StorageData};
 use codec::Decode;
 use state_machine::{
@@ -163,9 +164,9 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> JustifiedHeader<Block> {
 pub fn new_in_mem<E, Block, S>(
 	executor: E,
 	genesis_storage: S,
-) -> error::Result<Client<in_mem::Backend<Block>, LocalCallExecutor<in_mem::Backend<Block>, E>, Block>>
+) -> error::Result<Client<in_mem::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>, LocalCallExecutor<in_mem::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>, E>, Block>>
 	where
-		E: CodeExecutor + RuntimeInfo,
+		E: CodeExecutor<KeccakHasher> + RuntimeInfo,
 		S: BuildStorage,
 		Block: BlockT,
 {
@@ -175,8 +176,8 @@ pub fn new_in_mem<E, Block, S>(
 }
 
 impl<B, E, Block> Client<B, E, Block> where
-	B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-	E: CallExecutor<Block>,
+	B: backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
 	Block: BlockT,
 {
 	/// Creates new Substrate Client with given blockchain and code executor.
@@ -284,12 +285,16 @@ impl<B, E, Block> Client<B, E, Block> where
 	}
 
 	/// Create a new block, built on the head of the chain.
-	pub fn new_block(&self) -> error::Result<block_builder::BlockBuilder<B, E, Block>> where E: Clone {
+	pub fn new_block(&self) -> error::Result<block_builder::BlockBuilder<B, E, Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>>
+	where E: Clone
+	{
 		block_builder::BlockBuilder::new(self)
 	}
 
 	/// Create a new block, built on top of `parent`.
-	pub fn new_block_at(&self, parent: &BlockId<Block>) -> error::Result<block_builder::BlockBuilder<B, E, Block>> where E: Clone {
+	pub fn new_block_at(&self, parent: &BlockId<Block>) -> error::Result<block_builder::BlockBuilder<B, E, Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>>
+	where E: Clone
+	{
 		block_builder::BlockBuilder::at_block(parent, &self)
 	}
 
@@ -504,8 +509,8 @@ impl<B, E, Block> Client<B, E, Block> where
 
 impl<B, E, Block> bft::BlockImport<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 	where
-		B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-		E: CallExecutor<Block>,
+		B: backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+		E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
 		Block: BlockT,
 {
 	fn import_block(
@@ -527,8 +532,8 @@ impl<B, E, Block> bft::BlockImport<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 
 impl<B, E, Block> bft::Authorities<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 	where
-		B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-		E: CallExecutor<Block>,
+		B: backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+		E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
 		Block: BlockT,
 {
 	fn authorities(&self, at: &BlockId<Block>) -> Result<Vec<AuthorityId>, bft::Error> {
@@ -549,9 +554,9 @@ impl<B, E, Block> bft::Authorities<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 }
 
 impl<B, E, Block> BlockchainEvents<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
-	where
-		E: CallExecutor<Block>,
-		Block: BlockT,
+where
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+	Block: BlockT,
 {
 	/// Get block import event stream.
 	fn import_notification_stream(&self) -> BlockchainEventStream<Block> {
@@ -567,10 +572,10 @@ impl<B, E, Block> BlockchainEvents<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 }
 
 impl<B, E, Block> ChainHead<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
-	where
-		B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-		E: CallExecutor<Block>,
-		Block: BlockT,
+where
+	B: backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+	Block: BlockT,
 {
 	fn best_block_header(&self) -> error::Result<<Block as BlockT>::Header> {
 		Client::best_block_header(self)
@@ -579,8 +584,8 @@ impl<B, E, Block> ChainHead<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 
 impl<B, E, Block> BlockBody<Block> for Client<B, E, Block>
 	where
-		B: backend::Backend<Block>,
-		E: CallExecutor<Block>,
+		B: backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+		E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
 		Block: BlockT,
 {
 	fn block_body(&self, id: &BlockId<Block>) -> error::Result<Option<Vec<<Block as BlockT>::Extrinsic>>> {
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/genesis.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/genesis.rs
index 1062ba92c5..88d99e88e4 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/genesis.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/genesis.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use test_client::runtime::genesismap::{GenesisConfig, additional_storage_with_genesis};
 	use test_client::runtime::{Hash, Transfer, Block, BlockNumber, Header, Digest, Extrinsic};
 	use ed25519::{Public, Pair};
+	use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
 	native_executor_instance!(Executor, test_client::runtime::api::dispatch, test_client::runtime::VERSION, include_bytes!("../../test-runtime/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/substrate_test_runtime.compact.wasm"));
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ mod tests {
 		NativeExecutionDispatch::with_heap_pages(8)
 	}
 
-	fn construct_block(backend: &InMemory, number: BlockNumber, parent_hash: Hash, state_root: Hash, txs: Vec<Transfer>) -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
+	fn construct_block(backend: &InMemory<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>, number: BlockNumber, parent_hash: Hash, state_root: Hash, txs: Vec<Transfer>) -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
 		use triehash::ordered_trie_root;
 
 		let transactions = txs.into_iter().map(|tx| {
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ mod tests {
 		(vec![].and(&Block { header, extrinsics: transactions }), hash)
 	}
 
-	fn block1(genesis_hash: Hash, backend: &InMemory) -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
+	fn block1(genesis_hash: Hash, backend: &InMemory<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>) -> (Vec<u8>, Hash) {
 		construct_block(
 			backend,
 			1,
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/in_mem.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/in_mem.rs
index a12323610a..e42e83f75f 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/in_mem.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/in_mem.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT, Zero, Numbe
 use runtime_primitives::bft::Justification;
 use blockchain::{self, BlockStatus};
 use state_machine::backend::{Backend as StateBackend, InMemory};
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
 
 struct PendingBlock<B: BlockT> {
 	block: StoredBlock<B>,
@@ -248,15 +251,21 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> light::blockchain::Storage<Block> for Blockchain<Block> {
 }
 
 /// In-memory operation.
-pub struct BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT> {
+pub struct BlockImportOperation<Block: BlockT, H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> {
 	pending_block: Option<PendingBlock<Block>>,
 	pending_authorities: Option<Vec<AuthorityId>>,
-	old_state: InMemory,
-	new_state: Option<InMemory>,
+	old_state: InMemory<H, C>,
+	new_state: Option<InMemory<H, C>>,
 }
 
-impl<Block: BlockT> backend::BlockImportOperation<Block> for BlockImportOperation<Block> {
-	type State = InMemory;
+impl<Block, H, C> backend::BlockImportOperation<Block, H, C> for BlockImportOperation<Block, H, C>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	H::Out: HeapSizeOf,
+{
+	type State = InMemory<H, C>;
 
 	fn state(&self) -> error::Result<Option<&Self::State>> {
 		Ok(Some(&self.old_state))
@@ -281,7 +290,7 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> backend::BlockImportOperation<Block> for BlockImportOperatio
 		self.pending_authorities = Some(authorities);
 	}
 
-	fn update_storage(&mut self, update: <InMemory as StateBackend>::Transaction) -> error::Result<()> {
+	fn update_storage(&mut self, update: <InMemory<H, C> as StateBackend<H, C>>::Transaction) -> error::Result<()> {
 		self.new_state = Some(self.old_state.update(update));
 		Ok(())
 	}
@@ -293,18 +302,24 @@ impl<Block: BlockT> backend::BlockImportOperation<Block> for BlockImportOperatio
 }
 
 /// In-memory backend. Keeps all states and blocks in memory. Useful for testing.
-pub struct Backend<Block> where
+pub struct Backend<Block, H, C>
+where
 	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>
 {
-	states: RwLock<HashMap<Block::Hash, InMemory>>,
+	states: RwLock<HashMap<Block::Hash, InMemory<H, C>>>,
 	blockchain: Blockchain<Block>,
 }
 
-impl<Block> Backend<Block> where
+impl<Block, H, C> Backend<Block, H, C>
+where
 	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>
 {
 	/// Create a new instance of in-mem backend.
-	pub fn new() -> Backend<Block> {
+	pub fn new() -> Backend<Block, H, C> {
 		Backend {
 			states: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
 			blockchain: Blockchain::new(),
@@ -312,12 +327,16 @@ impl<Block> Backend<Block> where
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Block> backend::Backend<Block> for Backend<Block> where
+impl<Block, H, C> backend::Backend<Block, H, C> for Backend<Block, H, C>
+where
 	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	H::Out: HeapSizeOf,
+	C: NodeCodec<H> + Send + Sync,
 {
-	type BlockImportOperation = BlockImportOperation<Block>;
+	type BlockImportOperation = BlockImportOperation<Block, H, C>;
 	type Blockchain = Blockchain<Block>;
-	type State = InMemory;
+	type State = InMemory<H, C>;
 
 	fn begin_operation(&self, block: BlockId<Block>) -> error::Result<Self::BlockImportOperation> {
 		let state = match block {
@@ -366,7 +385,13 @@ impl<Block> backend::Backend<Block> for Backend<Block> where
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Block: BlockT> backend::LocalBackend<Block> for Backend<Block> {}
+impl<Block, H, C> backend::LocalBackend<Block, H, C> for Backend<Block, H, C>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	H: Hasher,
+	H::Out: HeapSizeOf,
+	C: NodeCodec<H> + Send + Sync,
+{}
 
 impl<Block: BlockT> Cache<Block> {
 	fn insert(&self, at: Block::Hash, authorities: Option<Vec<AuthorityId>>) {
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/lib.rs
index 0032fc64e4..457502b3d6 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/lib.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ extern crate fnv;
 extern crate futures;
 extern crate parking_lot;
 extern crate triehash;
+extern crate patricia_trie;
+extern crate hashdb;
+extern crate rlp;
+extern crate heapsize;
 
 #[macro_use] extern crate error_chain;
 #[macro_use] extern crate log;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/backend.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/backend.rs
index 03b188b5f6..9187566f5b 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/backend.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/backend.rs
@@ -24,14 +24,19 @@ use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use primitives::AuthorityId;
 use runtime_primitives::{bft::Justification, generic::BlockId};
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, NumberFor};
-use state_machine::{Backend as StateBackend, TrieBackend as StateTrieBackend,
-	TryIntoTrieBackend as TryIntoStateTrieBackend};
+use state_machine::{
+	Backend as StateBackend,
+	TrieBackend as StateTrieBackend,
+	TryIntoTrieBackend as TryIntoStateTrieBackend
+};
 
 use backend::{Backend as ClientBackend, BlockImportOperation, RemoteBackend};
 use blockchain::HeaderBackend as BlockchainHeaderBackend;
 use error::{Error as ClientError, ErrorKind as ClientErrorKind, Result as ClientResult};
 use light::blockchain::{Blockchain, Storage as BlockchainStorage};
 use light::fetcher::{Fetcher, RemoteReadRequest};
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
 
 /// Light client backend.
 pub struct Backend<S, F> {
@@ -66,10 +71,12 @@ impl<S, F> Backend<S, F> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<S, F, Block> ClientBackend<Block> for Backend<S, F> where
+impl<S, F, Block, H, C> ClientBackend<Block, H, C> for Backend<S, F> where
 	Block: BlockT,
 	S: BlockchainStorage<Block>,
-	F: Fetcher<Block>
+	F: Fetcher<Block>,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
 {
 	type BlockImportOperation = ImportOperation<Block, S, F>;
 	type Blockchain = Blockchain<S, F>;
@@ -112,13 +119,22 @@ impl<S, F, Block> ClientBackend<Block> for Backend<S, F> where
 	}
 }
 
-impl<S, F, Block> RemoteBackend<Block> for Backend<S, F> where Block: BlockT, S: BlockchainStorage<Block>, F: Fetcher<Block> {}
+impl<S, F, Block, H, C> RemoteBackend<Block, H, C> for Backend<S, F>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	S: BlockchainStorage<Block>,
+	F: Fetcher<Block>,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{}
 
-impl<S, F, Block> BlockImportOperation<Block> for ImportOperation<Block, S, F>
-	where
-		Block: BlockT,
-		S: BlockchainStorage<Block>,
-		F: Fetcher<Block>,
+impl<S, F, Block, H, C> BlockImportOperation<Block, H, C> for ImportOperation<Block, S, F>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	F: Fetcher<Block>,
+    S: BlockchainStorage<Block>,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
 {
 	type State = OnDemandState<Block, S, F>;
 
@@ -143,7 +159,7 @@ impl<S, F, Block> BlockImportOperation<Block> for ImportOperation<Block, S, F>
 		self.authorities = Some(authorities);
 	}
 
-	fn update_storage(&mut self, _update: <Self::State as StateBackend>::Transaction) -> ClientResult<()> {
+	fn update_storage(&mut self, _update: <Self::State as StateBackend<H, C>>::Transaction) -> ClientResult<()> {
 		// we're not storing anything locally => ignore changes
 		Ok(())
 	}
@@ -154,11 +170,13 @@ impl<S, F, Block> BlockImportOperation<Block> for ImportOperation<Block, S, F>
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Block, S, F> StateBackend for OnDemandState<Block, S, F>
+impl<Block, S, F, H, C> StateBackend<H, C> for OnDemandState<Block, S, F>
 	where
 		Block: BlockT,
 		S: BlockchainStorage<Block>,
 		F: Fetcher<Block>,
+        H: Hasher,
+        C: NodeCodec<H>,
 {
 	type Error = ClientError;
 	type Transaction = ();
@@ -186,9 +204,9 @@ impl<Block, S, F> StateBackend for OnDemandState<Block, S, F>
 		// whole state is not available on light node
 	}
 
-	fn storage_root<I>(&self, _delta: I) -> ([u8; 32], Self::Transaction)
+	fn storage_root<I>(&self, _delta: I) -> (H::Out, Self::Transaction)
 		where I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)> {
-		([0; 32], ())
+		(H::Out::default(), ())
 	}
 
 	fn pairs(&self) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
@@ -197,8 +215,14 @@ impl<Block, S, F> StateBackend for OnDemandState<Block, S, F>
 	}
 }
 
-impl<Block, S, F> TryIntoStateTrieBackend for OnDemandState<Block, S, F> where Block: BlockT, F: Fetcher<Block> {
-	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<StateTrieBackend> {
+impl<Block, S, F, H, C> TryIntoStateTrieBackend<H, C> for OnDemandState<Block, S, F>
+where
+	Block: BlockT,
+	F: Fetcher<Block>,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+{
+	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<StateTrieBackend<H, C>> {
 		None
 	}
 }
@@ -214,6 +238,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 	use light::new_fetch_checker;
 	use light::fetcher::{Fetcher, FetchChecker, RemoteCallRequest};
 	use super::*;
+	use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
 	pub type OkCallFetcher = Mutex<CallResult>;
 
@@ -246,7 +271,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
 		// check remote read proof locally
 		let local_executor = test_client::LocalExecutor::with_heap_pages(8);
-		let local_checker = new_fetch_checker(local_executor);
+		let local_checker = new_fetch_checker::<_, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>(local_executor);
 		let request = RemoteReadRequest {
 			block: remote_block_hash,
 			header: remote_block_header,
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/call_executor.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/call_executor.rs
index 13355f5d7c..cdbd7ac727 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/call_executor.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/call_executor.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@ use futures::{IntoFuture, Future};
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT};
 use state_machine::{Backend as StateBackend, CodeExecutor, OverlayedChanges,
-	execution_proof_check, TrieH256, ExecutionManager};
+	execution_proof_check, ExecutionManager};
+use primitives::H256;
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::Encodable;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
 use blockchain::Backend as ChainBackend;
 use call_executor::{CallExecutor, CallResult};
@@ -31,6 +36,7 @@ use error::{Error as ClientError, ErrorKind as ClientErrorKind, Result as Client
 use light::fetcher::{Fetcher, RemoteCallRequest};
 use executor::RuntimeVersion;
 use codec::Decode;
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
 
 /// Call executor that executes methods on remote node, querying execution proof
 /// and checking proof by re-executing locally.
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@ impl<B, F> RemoteCallExecutor<B, F> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<B, F, Block> CallExecutor<Block> for RemoteCallExecutor<B, F>
+impl<B, F, Block> CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> for RemoteCallExecutor<B, F>
 	where
 		Block: BlockT,
 		B: ChainBackend<Block>,
@@ -77,19 +83,25 @@ impl<B, F, Block> CallExecutor<Block> for RemoteCallExecutor<B, F>
 	}
 
 	fn call_at_state<
-		S: StateBackend,
-		H: FnOnce(Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>, Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>
+		S: StateBackend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>,
+		FF: FnOnce(Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>, Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Self::Error>
 	>(&self,
 		_state: &S,
 		_changes: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 		_method: &str,
 		_call_data: &[u8],
-		_m: ExecutionManager<H>
+		_m: ExecutionManager<FF>
 	) -> ClientResult<(Vec<u8>, S::Transaction)> {
 		Err(ClientErrorKind::NotAvailableOnLightClient.into())
 	}
 
-	fn prove_at_state<S: StateBackend>(&self, _state: S, _changes: &mut OverlayedChanges, _method: &str, _call_data: &[u8]) -> ClientResult<(Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<u8>>)> {
+	fn prove_at_state<S: StateBackend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>>(
+		&self,
+		_state: S,
+		_changes: &mut OverlayedChanges,
+		_method: &str,
+		_call_data: &[u8]
+	) -> ClientResult<(Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<u8>>)> {
 		Err(ClientErrorKind::NotAvailableOnLightClient.into())
 	}
 
@@ -99,20 +111,23 @@ impl<B, F, Block> CallExecutor<Block> for RemoteCallExecutor<B, F>
 }
 
 /// Check remote execution proof using given backend.
-pub fn check_execution_proof<Header, E>(
+pub fn check_execution_proof<Header, E, H, C>(
 	executor: &E,
 	request: &RemoteCallRequest<Header>,
 	remote_proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>
 ) -> ClientResult<CallResult>
 	where
 		Header: HeaderT,
-		E: CodeExecutor,
+		E: CodeExecutor<H>,
+		H: Hasher,
+		H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf + From<H256>,
+		C: NodeCodec<H>,
 {
 	let local_state_root = request.header.state_root();
 
 	let mut changes = OverlayedChanges::default();
-	let (local_result, _) = execution_proof_check(
-		TrieH256::from_slice(local_state_root.as_ref()).into(),
+	let (local_result, _) = execution_proof_check::<H, C, _>(
+		H256::from_slice(local_state_root.as_ref()).into(),
 		remote_proof,
 		&mut changes,
 		executor,
@@ -127,6 +142,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use test_client;
 	use executor::NativeExecutionDispatch;
 	use super::*;
+	use primitives::RlpCodec;
 
 	#[test]
 	fn execution_proof_is_generated_and_checked() {
@@ -138,10 +154,10 @@ mod tests {
 
 		// 'fetch' execution proof from remote node
 		let remote_execution_proof = remote_client.execution_proof(&remote_block_id, "authorities", &[]).unwrap().1;
-		
+
 		// check remote execution proof locally
 		let local_executor = test_client::LocalExecutor::with_heap_pages(8);
-		check_execution_proof(&local_executor, &RemoteCallRequest {
+		check_execution_proof::<_, _, _, RlpCodec>(&local_executor, &RemoteCallRequest {
 			block: test_client::runtime::Hash::default(),
 			header: test_client::runtime::Header {
 				state_root: remote_block_storage_root.into(),
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/fetcher.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/fetcher.rs
index 07c26a471d..694abeb8f1 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/fetcher.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/fetcher.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,14 @@
 
 use futures::IntoFuture;
 
+use primitives::H256;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use rlp::Encodable;
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT};
 use state_machine::{CodeExecutor, read_proof_check};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use call_executor::CallResult;
 use error::{Error as ClientError, Result as ClientResult};
@@ -83,24 +89,29 @@ pub trait FetchChecker<Block: BlockT>: Send + Sync {
 }
 
 /// Remote data checker.
-pub struct LightDataChecker<E> {
+pub struct LightDataChecker<E, H, C> {
 	executor: E,
+	_hasher: PhantomData<H>,
+	_codec: PhantomData<C>,
 }
 
-impl<E> LightDataChecker<E> {
+impl<E, H, C> LightDataChecker<E, H, C> {
 	/// Create new light data checker.
 	pub fn new(executor: E) -> Self {
 		Self {
-			executor,
+			executor, _hasher: PhantomData, _codec: PhantomData
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl<E, Block> FetchChecker<Block> for LightDataChecker<E>
+impl<E, Block, H, C> FetchChecker<Block> for LightDataChecker<E, H, C>
 	where
 		Block: BlockT,
-		Block::Hash: Into<[u8; 32]>,
-		E: CodeExecutor,
+		Block::Hash: Into<H::Out>,
+		E: CodeExecutor<H>,
+		H: Hasher,
+		C: NodeCodec<H> + Sync + Send,
+		H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf + From<H256>,
 {
 	fn check_read_proof(
 		&self,
@@ -108,7 +119,7 @@ impl<E, Block> FetchChecker<Block> for LightDataChecker<E>
 		remote_proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>
 	) -> ClientResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
 		let local_state_root = request.header.state_root().clone();
-		read_proof_check(local_state_root.into(), remote_proof, &request.key).map_err(Into::into)
+		read_proof_check::<H, C>(local_state_root.into(), remote_proof, &request.key).map_err(Into::into)
 	}
 
 	fn check_execution_proof(
@@ -116,6 +127,6 @@ impl<E, Block> FetchChecker<Block> for LightDataChecker<E>
 		request: &RemoteCallRequest<Block::Header>,
 		remote_proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>
 	) -> ClientResult<CallResult> {
-		check_execution_proof(&self.executor, request, remote_proof)
+		check_execution_proof::<_, _, H, C>(&self.executor, request, remote_proof)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/mod.rs b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/mod.rs
index 57bd8ce45b..ba175b14a8 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/mod.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/client/src/light/mod.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ use light::backend::Backend;
 use light::blockchain::{Blockchain, Storage as BlockchainStorage};
 use light::call_executor::RemoteCallExecutor;
 use light::fetcher::{Fetcher, LightDataChecker};
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
 
 /// Create an instance of light client blockchain backend.
 pub fn new_light_blockchain<B: BlockT, S: BlockchainStorage<B>, F>(storage: S) -> Arc<Blockchain<S, F>> {
@@ -62,11 +64,13 @@ pub fn new_light<B, S, F, GS>(
 }
 
 /// Create an instance of fetch data checker.
-pub fn new_fetch_checker<E>(
+pub fn new_fetch_checker<E, H, C>(
 	executor: E,
-) -> LightDataChecker<E>
+) -> LightDataChecker<E, H, C>
 	where
-		E: CodeExecutor,
+		E: CodeExecutor<H>,
+        H: Hasher,
+		C: NodeCodec<H>,
 {
 	LightDataChecker::new(executor)
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/executor/Cargo.toml
index 11294d23ef..a90c2065c6 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/executor/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/executor/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ twox-hash = "1.1.0"
 lazy_static = "1.0"
 parking_lot = "*"
 log = "0.3"
+hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+tiny-keccak = "1.4"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert_matches = "1.1"
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/executor/src/lib.rs
index 3a399e7e3a..f0605849d5 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/executor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/executor/src/lib.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate triehash;
 extern crate parking_lot;
 extern crate twox_hash;
+extern crate hashdb;
+extern crate tiny_keccak;
+
 #[macro_use] extern crate log;
 
 #[macro_use]
@@ -73,6 +76,7 @@ pub use native_executor::{with_native_environment, NativeExecutor, NativeExecuti
 pub use state_machine::Externalities;
 pub use runtime_version::RuntimeVersion;
 pub use codec::Codec;
+use primitives::KeccakHasher;
 
 /// Provides runtime information.
 pub trait RuntimeInfo {
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ pub trait RuntimeInfo {
 	const NATIVE_VERSION: Option<RuntimeVersion>;
 
 	/// Extract RuntimeVersion of given :code block
-	fn runtime_version<E: Externalities> (
+	fn runtime_version<E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>> (
 		&self,
 		ext: &mut E,
 		code: &[u8]
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/src/native_executor.rs b/substrate/substrate/executor/src/native_executor.rs
index 0b132ae9ab..c1bd44fd93 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/executor/src/native_executor.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/executor/src/native_executor.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use twox_hash::XxHash;
 use std::hash::Hasher;
 use parking_lot::{Mutex, MutexGuard};
 use RuntimeInfo;
+use primitives::KeccakHasher;
 
 // For the internal Runtime Cache:
 // Is it compatible enough to run this natively or do we need to fall back on the WasmModule
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ fn gen_cache_key(code: &[u8]) -> u64 {
 /// fetch a runtime version from the cache or if there is no cached version yet, create
 /// the runtime version entry for `code`, determines whether `Compatibility::IsCompatible`
 /// can be used by by comparing returned RuntimeVersion to `ref_version`
-fn fetch_cached_runtime_version<'a, E: Externalities>(
+fn fetch_cached_runtime_version<'a, E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>>(
 	wasm_executor: &WasmExecutor,
 	cache: &'a mut MutexGuard<CacheType>,
 	ext: &mut E,
@@ -94,8 +95,8 @@ fn safe_call<F, U>(f: F) -> Result<U>
 /// Set up the externalities and safe calling environment to execute calls to a native runtime.
 ///
 /// If the inner closure panics, it will be caught and return an error.
-pub fn with_native_environment<F, U>(ext: &mut Externalities, f: F) -> Result<U>
-	where F: ::std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce() -> U
+pub fn with_native_environment<F, U>(ext: &mut Externalities<KeccakHasher>, f: F) -> Result<U>
+where F: ::std::panic::UnwindSafe + FnOnce() -> U
 {
 	::runtime_io::with_externalities(ext, move || safe_call(f))
 }
@@ -107,7 +108,8 @@ pub trait NativeExecutionDispatch: Send + Sync {
 
 	/// Dispatch a method and input data to be executed natively. Returns `Some` result or `None`
 	/// if the `method` is unknown. Panics if there's an unrecoverable error.
-	fn dispatch(ext: &mut Externalities, method: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
+	// fn dispatch<H: hashdb::Hasher>(ext: &mut Externalities<H>, method: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
+	fn dispatch(ext: &mut Externalities<KeccakHasher>, method: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>>;
 
 	/// Get native runtime version.
 	const VERSION: RuntimeVersion;
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ impl<D: NativeExecutionDispatch> Clone for NativeExecutor<D> {
 impl<D: NativeExecutionDispatch> RuntimeInfo for NativeExecutor<D> {
 	const NATIVE_VERSION: Option<RuntimeVersion> = Some(D::VERSION);
 
-	fn runtime_version<E: Externalities>(
+	fn runtime_version<E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>>(
 		&self,
 		ext: &mut E,
 		code: &[u8],
@@ -163,10 +165,10 @@ impl<D: NativeExecutionDispatch> RuntimeInfo for NativeExecutor<D> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<D: NativeExecutionDispatch> CodeExecutor for NativeExecutor<D> {
+impl<D: NativeExecutionDispatch> CodeExecutor<KeccakHasher> for NativeExecutor<D> {
 	type Error = Error;
 
-	fn call<E: Externalities>(
+	fn call<E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>>(
 		&self,
 		ext: &mut E,
 		code: &[u8],
@@ -195,6 +197,8 @@ macro_rules! native_executor_instance {
 		native_executor_instance!(IMPL $name, $dispatcher, $version, $code);
 	};
 	(IMPL $name:ident, $dispatcher:path, $version:path, $code:expr) => {
+		// TODO: this is not so great – I think I should go back to have dispatch take a type param and modify this macro to accept a type param and then pass it in from the test-client instead
+		use primitives::KeccakHasher as _KeccakHasher;
 		impl $crate::NativeExecutionDispatch for $name {
 			const VERSION: $crate::RuntimeVersion = $version;
 			fn native_equivalent() -> &'static [u8] {
@@ -202,8 +206,7 @@ macro_rules! native_executor_instance {
 				// get a proper build script, this must be strictly adhered to or things will go wrong.
 				$code
 			}
-
-			fn dispatch(ext: &mut $crate::Externalities, method: &str, data: &[u8]) -> $crate::error::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+			fn dispatch(ext: &mut $crate::Externalities<_KeccakHasher>, method: &str, data: &[u8]) -> $crate::error::Result<Vec<u8>> {
 				$crate::with_native_environment(ext, move || $dispatcher(method, data))?
 					.ok_or_else(|| $crate::error::ErrorKind::MethodNotFound(method.to_owned()).into())
 			}
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/src/wasm_executor.rs b/substrate/substrate/executor/src/wasm_executor.rs
index 7ea33bea3b..2b222d3ac0 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/executor/src/wasm_executor.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/executor/src/wasm_executor.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 use wasmi::{
 	Module, ModuleInstance, MemoryInstance, MemoryRef, TableRef, ImportsBuilder
 };
@@ -29,8 +30,11 @@ use wasm_utils::UserError;
 use primitives::{blake2_256, twox_128, twox_256};
 use primitives::hexdisplay::HexDisplay;
 use primitives::sandbox as sandbox_primitives;
+use primitives::KeccakHasher;
 use triehash::ordered_trie_root;
 use sandbox;
+use tiny_keccak::keccak256;
+
 
 struct Heap {
 	end: u32,
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ macro_rules! debug_trace {
 	( $( $x:tt )* ) => ()
 }
 
-struct FunctionExecutor<'e, E: Externalities + 'e> {
+struct FunctionExecutor<'e, E: Externalities<KeccakHasher> + 'e> {
 	sandbox_store: sandbox::Store,
 	heap: Heap,
 	memory: MemoryRef,
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ struct FunctionExecutor<'e, E: Externalities + 'e> {
 	hash_lookup: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>,
 }
 
-impl<'e, E: Externalities> FunctionExecutor<'e, E> {
+impl<'e, E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>> FunctionExecutor<'e, E> {
 	fn new(m: MemoryRef, heap_pages: usize, t: Option<TableRef>, e: &'e mut E) -> Result<Self> {
 		Ok(FunctionExecutor {
 			sandbox_store: sandbox::Store::new(),
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ impl<'e, E: Externalities> FunctionExecutor<'e, E> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'e, E: Externalities> sandbox::SandboxCapabilities for FunctionExecutor<'e, E> {
+impl<'e, E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>> sandbox::SandboxCapabilities for FunctionExecutor<'e, E> {
 	fn store(&self) -> &sandbox::Store {
 		&self.sandbox_store
 	}
@@ -138,6 +142,7 @@ impl ReadPrimitive<u32> for MemoryInstance {
 	}
 }
 
+// TODO: this macro does not support `where` clauses and that seems somewhat tricky to add
 impl_function_executor!(this: FunctionExecutor<'e, E>,
 	ext_print_utf8(utf8_data: *const u8, utf8_len: u32) => {
 		if let Ok(utf8) = this.memory.get(utf8_data, utf8_len as usize) {
@@ -285,7 +290,7 @@ impl_function_executor!(this: FunctionExecutor<'e, E>,
 	},
 	ext_storage_root(result: *mut u8) => {
 		let r = this.ext.storage_root();
-		this.memory.set(result, &r[..]).map_err(|_| UserError("Invalid attempt to set memory in ext_storage_root"))?;
+		this.memory.set(result, r.as_ref()).map_err(|_| UserError("Invalid attempt to set memory in ext_storage_root"))?;
 		Ok(())
 	},
 	ext_enumerated_trie_root(values_data: *const u8, lens_data: *const u32, lens_len: u32, result: *mut u8) => {
@@ -348,6 +353,15 @@ impl_function_executor!(this: FunctionExecutor<'e, E>,
 		this.memory.set(out, &result).map_err(|_| UserError("Invalid attempt to set result in ext_blake2_256"))?;
 		Ok(())
 	},
+	ext_keccak256(data: *const u8, len: u32, out: *mut u8) => {
+		let result = if len == 0 {
+			keccak256(&[0u8; 0])
+		} else {
+			keccak256(&this.memory.get(data, len as usize).map_err(|_| UserError("Invalid attempt to get data in ext_keccak256"))?)
+		};
+		this.memory.set(out, &result).map_err(|_| UserError("Invalid attempt to set result in ext_keccak256"))?;
+		Ok(())
+	},
 	ext_ed25519_verify(msg_data: *const u8, msg_len: u32, sig_data: *const u8, pubkey_data: *const u8) -> u32 => {
 		let mut sig = [0u8; 64];
 		this.memory.get_into(sig_data, &mut sig[..]).map_err(|_| UserError("Invalid attempt to get signature in ext_ed25519_verify"))?;
@@ -476,7 +490,7 @@ impl_function_executor!(this: FunctionExecutor<'e, E>,
 		this.sandbox_store.memory_teardown(memory_idx)?;
 		Ok(())
 	},
-	=> <'e, E: Externalities + 'e>
+	=> <'e, E: Externalities<KeccakHasher> + 'e>
 );
 
 /// Wasm rust executor for contracts.
@@ -508,7 +522,7 @@ impl WasmExecutor {
 
 	/// Call a given method in the given code.
 	/// This should be used for tests only.
-	pub fn call<E: Externalities>(
+	pub fn call<E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>>(
 		&self,
 		ext: &mut E,
 		code: &[u8],
@@ -520,7 +534,7 @@ impl WasmExecutor {
 	}
 
 	/// Call a given method in the given wasm-module runtime.
-	pub fn call_in_wasm_module<E: Externalities>(
+	pub fn call_in_wasm_module<E: Externalities<KeccakHasher>>(
 		&self,
 		ext: &mut E,
 		module: &Module,
@@ -632,7 +646,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 		assert_eq!(output, b"all ok!".to_vec());
 
-		let expected: HashMap<_, _> = map![
+		let expected : TestExternalities<_> = map![
 			b"input".to_vec() => b"Hello world".to_vec(),
 			b"foo".to_vec() => b"bar".to_vec(),
 			b"baz".to_vec() => b"bar".to_vec()
@@ -655,7 +669,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 		assert_eq!(output, b"all ok!".to_vec());
 
-		let expected: HashMap<_, _> = map![
+		let expected: TestExternalities<_> = map![
 			b"aaa".to_vec() => b"1".to_vec(),
 			b"aab".to_vec() => b"2".to_vec(),
 			b"bbb".to_vec() => b"5".to_vec()
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/Cargo.lock b/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/Cargo.lock
index 9d2f6ce2ef..c1f049b09a 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/Cargo.lock
+++ b/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/Cargo.lock
@@ -18,14 +18,27 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fixed-hash"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm#8dc457899afdaf968ff7f16140b03d1e37b01d71"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#9bcbfa0f10fee1852791ce07338d664817f69521"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashdb"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#9bcbfa0f10fee1852791ce07338d664817f69521"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nodrop"
 version = "0.1.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "plain_hasher"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#9bcbfa0f10fee1852791ce07338d664817f69521"
+dependencies = [
+ "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "0.4.9"
@@ -115,13 +128,15 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "fixed-hash 0.1.3 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)",
+ "fixed-hash 0.2.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
+ "plain_hasher 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
  "rustc-hex 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "serde 1.0.27 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "substrate-codec 0.1.0",
  "substrate-codec-derive 0.1.0",
  "substrate-runtime-std 0.1.0",
- "uint 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)",
+ "uint 0.2.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -166,8 +181,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uint"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm#8dc457899afdaf968ff7f16140b03d1e37b01d71"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common#9bcbfa0f10fee1852791ce07338d664817f69521"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
  "rustc_version 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
@@ -182,8 +197,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 "checksum arrayvec 0.4.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a1e964f9e24d588183fcb43503abda40d288c8657dfc27311516ce2f05675aef"
 "checksum byteorder 1.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "652805b7e73fada9d85e9a6682a4abd490cb52d96aeecc12e33a0de34dfd0d23"
 "checksum crunchy 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "a2f4a431c5c9f662e1200b7c7f02c34e91361150e382089a8f2dec3ba680cbda"
-"checksum fixed-hash 0.1.3 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)" = "<none>"
+"checksum fixed-hash 0.2.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
+"checksum hashdb 0.2.1 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
 "checksum nodrop 0.1.12 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "9a2228dca57108069a5262f2ed8bd2e82496d2e074a06d1ccc7ce1687b6ae0a2"
+"checksum plain_hasher 0.2.0 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
 "checksum proc-macro2 0.4.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "cccdc7557a98fe98453030f077df7f3a042052fae465bb61d2c2c41435cfd9b6"
 "checksum quote 0.6.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "3372dc35766b36a99ce2352bd1b6ea0137c38d215cc0c8780bf6de6df7842ba9"
 "checksum rustc-hex 2.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d2b03280c2813907a030785570c577fb27d3deec8da4c18566751ade94de0ace"
@@ -192,5 +209,5 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 "checksum semver-parser 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "388a1df253eca08550bef6c72392cfe7c30914bf41df5269b68cbd6ff8f570a3"
 "checksum serde 1.0.27 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "db99f3919e20faa51bb2996057f5031d8685019b5a06139b1ce761da671b8526"
 "checksum syn 0.14.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "e2e13df71f29f9440b50261a5882c86eac334f1badb3134ec26f0de2f1418e44"
-"checksum uint 0.1.2 (git+https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git?branch=compile-for-wasm)" = "<none>"
+"checksum uint 0.2.2 (git+https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common)" = "<none>"
 "checksum unicode-xid 0.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "fc72304796d0818e357ead4e000d19c9c174ab23dc11093ac919054d20a6a7fc"
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.compact.wasm b/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.compact.wasm
index fae5a8dbb5..ad7e8d7ad1 100644
Binary files a/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.compact.wasm and b/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.compact.wasm differ
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.wasm b/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.wasm
index 62077bffa0..4dd7ec49e4 100755
Binary files a/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.wasm and b/substrate/substrate/executor/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/runtime_test.wasm differ
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/api.rs b/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/api.rs
index 0d8bcfbf22..148ab49e4f 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/api.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/api.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 //! External API for extrinsic pool.
 
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+use serde::{Serialize, de::DeserializeOwned};
 use txpool;
 use futures::sync::mpsc;
 
@@ -43,6 +46,9 @@ pub trait ExtrinsicPool<Ex, BlockId, Hash>: Send + Sync + 'static {
 	/// Error type
 	type Error: Error;
 
+	/// Pooled extrinsics
+	type InPool: Debug + Serialize + DeserializeOwned + Send + Sync + 'static;
+
 	/// Submit a collection of extrinsics to the pool.
 	fn submit(&self, block: BlockId, xt: Vec<Ex>) -> Result<Vec<Hash>, Self::Error>;
 
@@ -54,4 +60,7 @@ pub trait ExtrinsicPool<Ex, BlockId, Hash>: Send + Sync + 'static {
 
 	/// Return an event stream of transactions imported to the pool.
 	fn import_notification_stream(&self) -> EventStream;
+
+	/// Return all extrinsics in the pool aggregated by the sender.
+	fn all(&self) -> Self::InPool;
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/pool.rs b/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/pool.rs
index 2fffc1442e..e874086f8d 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/pool.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/extrinsic-pool/src/pool.rs
@@ -149,4 +149,19 @@ impl<Hash, VEx, S, E> Pool<Hash, VEx, S, E> where
 	{
 		f(self.pool.read().pending(ready))
 	}
+
+	/// Retrieve all transactions in the pool. The transactions might be unordered.
+	pub fn all<F, T>(&self, f: F) -> T where
+		F: FnOnce(txpool::UnorderedIterator<VEx, AlwaysReady, S>) -> T,
+	{
+		f(self.pool.read().unordered_pending(AlwaysReady))
+	}
+}
+
+/// A Readiness implementation that returns `Ready` for all transactions.
+pub struct AlwaysReady;
+impl<VEx> txpool::Ready<VEx> for AlwaysReady {
+	fn is_ready(&mut self, _tx: &VEx) -> txpool::Readiness {
+		txpool::Readiness::Ready
+	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/keystore/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/keystore/Cargo.toml
index 88ec623f34..5aa791ca4d 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/keystore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/keystore/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 
 [dependencies]
-ethcore-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git", default_features = false }
+parity-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common.git", default_features = false }
 ed25519 = { path = "../ed25519" }
 error-chain = "0.12"
 hex = "0.3"
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/keystore/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/keystore/src/lib.rs
index 14033b4109..015cad74e9 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/keystore/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/keystore/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 //! Keystore (and session key management) for ed25519 based chains like Polkadot.
 
-extern crate ethcore_crypto as crypto;
+extern crate parity_crypto as crypto;
 extern crate subtle;
 extern crate ed25519;
 extern crate rand;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/Cargo.toml
index ef8c5b911d..2ff26882e6 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ bytes = "0.4"
 error-chain = { version = "0.12", default-features = false }
 fnv = "1.0"
 futures = "0.1"
-libp2p = { git = "https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs", branch = "polkadot-2", default-features = false, features = ["libp2p-secio", "libp2p-secio-secp256k1"] }
+# libp2p = { git = "https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs", branch = "polkadot-2", default-features = false, features = ["libp2p-secio", "libp2p-secio-secp256k1"] }
+libp2p = { git = "https://github.com/tomaka/libp2p-rs", rev = "6aa139a12dbea3d75d898ce0b2af7fcec129e294", default-features = false, features = ["libp2p-secio", "libp2p-secio-secp256k1"] }
 ethcore-io = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
 ethkey = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
 ethereum-types = "0.3"
@@ -26,6 +27,6 @@ unsigned-varint = { version = "0.1", features = ["codec"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 assert_matches = "1.2"
-ethcore-bytes = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
+parity-bytes = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common.git" }
 ethcore-io = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
 ethcore-logger = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/tests/tests.rs b/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/tests/tests.rs
index 5016b61b37..a747721719 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/tests/tests.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/network-libp2p/tests/tests.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // along with Parity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 extern crate parking_lot;
-extern crate ethcore_bytes;
+extern crate parity_bytes;
 extern crate ethcore_io as io;
 extern crate ethcore_logger;
 extern crate substrate_network_libp2p;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::thread;
 use std::time::*;
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
-use ethcore_bytes::Bytes;
+use parity_bytes::Bytes;
 use substrate_network_libp2p::*;
 use ethkey::{Random, Generator};
 use io::TimerToken;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/network/src/chain.rs b/substrate/substrate/network/src/chain.rs
index d698ab0900..bc8cee13ec 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/network/src/chain.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/network/src/chain.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use client::error::Error;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{Block as BlockT, Header as HeaderT};
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use runtime_primitives::bft::Justification;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
 /// Local client abstraction for the network.
 pub trait Client<Block: BlockT>: Send + Sync {
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ pub trait Client<Block: BlockT>: Send + Sync {
 }
 
 impl<B, E, Block> Client<Block> for SubstrateClient<B, E, Block> where
-	B: client::backend::Backend<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-	E: CallExecutor<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	B: client::backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 	Block: BlockT,
 {
 	fn import(&self, origin: BlockOrigin, header: Block::Header, justification: Justification<Block::Hash>, body: Option<Vec<Block::Extrinsic>>) -> Result<ImportResult, Error> {
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/network/src/test/mod.rs b/substrate/substrate/network/src/test/mod.rs
index 5a8d82d448..9d98a66d94 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/network/src/test/mod.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/network/src/test/mod.rs
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use runtime_primitives::traits::Block as BlockT;
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
 use io::SyncIo;
 use protocol::{Context, Protocol};
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 use config::ProtocolConfig;
 use service::TransactionPool;
 use network_libp2p::{NodeIndex, SessionInfo, Severity};
@@ -172,7 +173,9 @@ impl Peer {
 	fn flush(&self) {
 	}
 
-	fn generate_blocks<F>(&self, count: usize, mut edit_block: F) where F: FnMut(&mut BlockBuilder<test_client::Backend, test_client::Executor, Block>) {
+	fn generate_blocks<F>(&self, count: usize, mut edit_block: F)
+	where F: FnMut(&mut BlockBuilder<test_client::Backend, test_client::Executor, Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>)
+	{
 		for _ in 0 .. count {
 			let mut builder = self.client.new_block().unwrap();
 			edit_block(&mut builder);
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml
index ebfbb71cae..9e2a882846 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/primitives/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,19 +8,28 @@ crunchy = "0.1"
 substrate-runtime-std = { path = "../runtime-std", default_features = false }
 substrate-codec = { path = "../codec", default_features = false }
 substrate-codec-derive = { path = "../codec/derive", default_features = false }
-fixed-hash = { git = "https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git", branch = "compile-for-wasm", default_features = false }
+elastic-array = {version = "0.10", optional = true }
+fixed-hash = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common", default_features = false }
 rustc-hex = { version = "2.0", default_features = false }
 serde = { version = "1.0", default_features = false }
 serde_derive = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
-uint = { git = "https://github.com/rphmeier/primitives.git", branch = "compile-for-wasm", default_features = false }
+uint = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common", default_features = false }
+rlp = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common", optional = true }
 twox-hash = { version = "1.1.0", optional = true }
 byteorder = { version = "1.1", default_features = false }
-blake2-rfc = { version = "0.2.18", optional = true }
 wasmi = { version = "0.4", optional = true }
+hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common", default_features = false }
+patricia-trie = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common", optional = true }
+plain_hasher = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common", default_features = false }
+
+blake2-rfc = { version = "0.2.18", optional = true }
+# Switch back to Blake after PoC-3 is out and remove this
+tiny-keccak = { version = "1.4", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 substrate-serializer = { path = "../serializer" }
 pretty_assertions = "0.4"
+heapsize = "0.4"
 
 [features]
 default = ["std"]
@@ -28,12 +37,18 @@ std = [
 	"wasmi",
 	"uint/std",
 	"fixed-hash/std",
+	"fixed-hash/heapsizeof",
+	"fixed-hash/libc",
 	"substrate-codec/std",
 	"substrate-runtime-std/std",
 	"serde/std",
 	"rustc-hex/std",
 	"twox-hash",
 	"blake2-rfc",
+	"tiny-keccak",
 	"serde_derive",
-	"byteorder/std"
+	"byteorder/std",
+	"patricia-trie",
+	"rlp",
+	"elastic-array",
 ]
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hash.rs b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hash.rs
index a0dc5f4c1c..89f2961b95 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hash.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hash.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ use serde::{Serialize, Serializer, Deserialize, Deserializer};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use bytes;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use core::cmp;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use rlp::{Rlp, RlpStream, DecoderError};
 
 macro_rules! impl_rest {
 	($name: ident, $len: expr) => {
@@ -49,6 +53,29 @@ macro_rules! impl_rest {
 				<[u8; $len] as ::codec::Decode>::decode(input).map($name)
 			}
 		}
+
+		#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+		impl ::rlp::Encodable for $name {
+			fn rlp_append(&self, s: &mut RlpStream) {
+				s.encoder().encode_value(self);
+			}
+		}
+
+		#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+		impl ::rlp::Decodable for $name {
+			fn decode(rlp: &Rlp) -> Result<Self, DecoderError> {
+				rlp.decoder().decode_value(|bytes| match bytes.len().cmp(&$len) {
+					cmp::Ordering::Less => Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooShort),
+					cmp::Ordering::Greater => Err(DecoderError::RlpIsTooBig),
+					cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
+						let mut t = [0u8; $len];
+						t.copy_from_slice(bytes);
+						Ok($name(t))
+					}
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
 	}
 }
 
@@ -63,6 +90,26 @@ impl_rest!(H512, 64);
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use substrate_serializer as ser;
+	use rlp::{Encodable, RlpStream};
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_hash_is_encodable() {
+		let h = H160::from(21);
+		let mut s = RlpStream::new();
+		h.rlp_append(&mut s);
+		assert_eq!(s.drain().into_vec(), &[148, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21]);
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_hash_is_decodable() {
+		let data = vec![148, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 123];
+		let res = ::rlp::decode::<H160>(&data);
+		assert!(res.is_ok());
+		assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), H160::from(123));
+
+		let res = ::rlp::decode::<H256>(&data);
+		assert!(res.is_err());
+	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn test_h160() {
@@ -109,4 +156,11 @@ mod tests {
 		assert!(ser::from_str::<H256>("\"0\"").unwrap_err().is_data());
 		assert!(ser::from_str::<H256>("\"10\"").unwrap_err().is_data());
 	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_heapsizeof() {
+		use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
+		let h = H256::new();
+		assert_eq!(h.heap_size_of_children(), 0);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hasher.rs b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hasher.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6096540aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/hasher.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Polkadot.
+
+// Polkadot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Polkadot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Polkadot.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Polkadot Blake2b Hasher implementation
+
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use plain_hasher::PlainHasher;
+use hash::H256;
+
+// Use this when switching to Blake2 after PoC-3
+// pub mod blake {
+// 	use super::{Hasher, PlainHasher, H256};
+// 	#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+// 	use hashing::blake2_256;
+
+// 	#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+// 	extern "C" {
+// 		fn ext_blake2_256(data: *const u8, len: u32, out: *mut u8);
+// 	}
+// 	#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+// 	fn blake2_256(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
+// 		let mut result: [u8; 32] = Default::default();
+// 		unsafe {
+// 			ext_blake2_256(data.as_ptr(), data.len() as u32, result.as_mut_ptr());
+// 		}
+// 		result
+// 	}
+
+// 	/// Concrete implementation of Hasher using Blake2b 256-bit hashes
+// 	#[derive(Debug)]
+// 	pub struct BlakeHasher;
+
+// 	impl Hasher for BlakeHasher {
+// 		type Out = H256;
+// 		type StdHasher = PlainHasher;
+// 		const LENGTH:usize = 32;
+// 		fn hash(x: &[u8]) -> Self::Out {
+// 			blake2_256(x).into()
+// 		}
+// 	}
+// }
+
+pub mod keccak {
+	use super::{Hasher, PlainHasher, H256};
+
+	#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+	use tiny_keccak::keccak256;
+
+	#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+	extern "C" {
+		fn ext_keccak256(data: *const u8, len: u32, out: *mut u8);
+	}
+
+	#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+	fn keccak256(data: &[u8]) -> [u8; 32] {
+		let mut result: [u8; 32] = Default::default();
+		unsafe {
+			ext_keccak256(data.as_ptr(), data.len() as u32, result.as_mut_ptr());
+		}
+		result
+	}
+
+	/// Concrete implementation of Hasher using Keccak 256-bit hashes
+	#[derive(Debug)]
+	pub struct KeccakHasher;
+
+	impl Hasher for KeccakHasher {
+		type Out = H256;
+		type StdHasher = PlainHasher;
+		const LENGTH : usize = 32;
+		fn hash(x: &[u8]) -> Self::Out {
+			keccak256(x).into()
+		}
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/lib.rs
index 4ead8c4633..07f658dd8a 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/lib.rs
@@ -33,13 +33,20 @@ extern crate substrate_codec_derive;
 extern crate rustc_hex;
 extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate substrate_codec as codec;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+extern crate rlp;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 extern crate serde;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 extern crate twox_hash;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 extern crate blake2_rfc;
+// Switch back to Blake after PoC-3 is out
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+extern crate tiny_keccak;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate serde_derive;
@@ -47,12 +54,21 @@ extern crate serde_derive;
 extern crate core;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 extern crate wasmi;
+extern crate hashdb;
+extern crate plain_hasher;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+extern crate patricia_trie;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+extern crate elastic_array;
 
 extern crate substrate_runtime_std as rstd;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 extern crate substrate_serializer;
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+extern crate heapsize;
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate pretty_assertions;
@@ -77,18 +93,28 @@ pub use hashing::{blake2_256, twox_128, twox_256};
 pub mod hexdisplay;
 
 pub mod hash;
+mod hasher;
 pub mod sandbox;
 pub mod storage;
 pub mod uint;
 mod authority_id;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod rlp_codec;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
 pub use self::hash::{H160, H256, H512};
-pub use self::uint::{U256, U512};
+pub use self::uint::U256;
 pub use authority_id::AuthorityId;
 
+// Switch back to Blake after PoC-3 is out
+// pub use self::hasher::blake::BlakeHasher;
+pub use self::hasher::keccak::KeccakHasher;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::rlp_codec::RlpCodec;
+
 /// A 512-bit value interpreted as a signature.
 pub type Signature = hash::H512;
 
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/rlp_codec.rs b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/rlp_codec.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a779cb738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/rlp_codec.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+// This file is part of Polkadot.
+
+// Polkadot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+
+// Polkadot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with Polkadot.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//! Polkadot Blake2b (trie) NodeCodec implementation
+
+use elastic_array::{ElasticArray1024, ElasticArray128};
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::{DecoderError, RlpStream, Rlp, Prototype};
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use patricia_trie::{NibbleSlice, NodeCodec, node::Node, ChildReference};
+
+use hash::H256;
+// When switching to Blake2, use this instead:
+// use BlakeHasher;
+use KeccakHasher;
+
+/// Concrete implementation of a `NodeCodec` with Rlp encoding, generic over the `Hasher`
+pub struct RlpNodeCodec<H: Hasher> {mark: PhantomData<H>}
+
+/// Convenience type for a Keccak/Rlp flavoured NodeCodec
+pub type RlpCodec = RlpNodeCodec<KeccakHasher>;
+// When switching to Blake2, use this instead:
+// pub type RlpCodec = RlpNodeCodec<BlakeHasher>;
+
+impl NodeCodec<KeccakHasher> for RlpCodec {
+	type Error = DecoderError;
+	// When switching to Blake2, use this null node
+	// 	const HASHED_NULL_NODE : H256 = H256( [0x45, 0xb0, 0xcf, 0xc2, 0x20, 0xce, 0xec, 0x5b, 0x7c, 0x1c, 0x62, 0xc4, 0xd4, 0x19, 0x3d, 0x38, 0xe4, 0xeb, 0xa4, 0x8e, 0x88, 0x15, 0x72, 0x9c, 0xe7, 0x5f, 0x9c, 0xa, 0xb0, 0xe4, 0xc1, 0xc0] );
+	const HASHED_NULL_NODE : H256 = H256( [0x56, 0xe8, 0x1f, 0x17, 0x1b, 0xcc, 0x55, 0xa6, 0xff, 0x83, 0x45, 0xe6, 0x92, 0xc0, 0xf8, 0x6e, 0x5b, 0x48, 0xe0, 0x1b, 0x99, 0x6c, 0xad, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xb5, 0xe3, 0x63, 0xb4, 0x21] );
+	fn decode(data: &[u8]) -> ::std::result::Result<Node, Self::Error> {
+		let r = Rlp::new(data);
+		match r.prototype()? {
+			// either leaf or extension - decode first item with NibbleSlice::???
+			// and use is_leaf return to figure out which.
+			// if leaf, second item is a value (is_data())
+			// if extension, second item is a node (either SHA3 to be looked up and
+			// fed back into this function or inline RLP which can be fed back into this function).
+			Prototype::List(2) => match NibbleSlice::from_encoded(r.at(0)?.data()?) {
+				(slice, true) => Ok(Node::Leaf(slice, r.at(1)?.data()?)),
+				(slice, false) => Ok(Node::Extension(slice, r.at(1)?.as_raw())),
+			},
+			// branch - first 16 are nodes, 17th is a value (or empty).
+			Prototype::List(17) => {
+				let mut nodes = [&[] as &[u8]; 16];
+				for i in 0..16 {
+					nodes[i] = r.at(i)?.as_raw();
+				}
+				Ok(Node::Branch(nodes, if r.at(16)?.is_empty() { None } else { Some(r.at(16)?.data()?) }))
+			},
+			// an empty branch index.
+			Prototype::Data(0) => Ok(Node::Empty),
+			// something went wrong.
+			_ => Err(DecoderError::Custom("Rlp is not valid."))
+		}
+	}
+	fn try_decode_hash(data: &[u8]) -> Option<<KeccakHasher as Hasher>::Out> {
+		let r = Rlp::new(data);
+		if r.is_data() && r.size() == KeccakHasher::LENGTH {
+			Some(r.as_val().expect("Hash is the correct size; qed"))
+		} else {
+			None
+		}
+	}
+	fn is_empty_node(data: &[u8]) -> bool {
+		Rlp::new(data).is_empty()
+	}
+    fn empty_node() -> ElasticArray1024<u8> {
+        let mut stream = RlpStream::new();
+        stream.append_empty_data();
+        stream.drain()
+    }
+
+    fn leaf_node(partial: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> ElasticArray1024<u8> {
+        let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
+        stream.append(&partial);
+        stream.append(&value);
+		stream.drain()
+    }
+
+	fn ext_node(partial: &[u8], child_ref: ChildReference<<KeccakHasher as Hasher>::Out>) -> ElasticArray1024<u8> {
+        let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(2);
+        stream.append(&partial);
+        match child_ref {
+            ChildReference::Hash(h) => stream.append(&h),
+            ChildReference::Inline(inline_data, len) => {
+                let bytes = &AsRef::<[u8]>::as_ref(&inline_data)[..len];
+                stream.append_raw(bytes, 1)
+            },
+        };
+        stream.drain()
+	}
+
+	fn branch_node<I>(children: I, value: Option<ElasticArray128<u8>>) -> ElasticArray1024<u8>
+	where I: IntoIterator<Item=Option<ChildReference<<KeccakHasher as Hasher>::Out>>>
+    {
+        let mut stream = RlpStream::new_list(17);
+        for child_ref in children {
+            match child_ref {
+                Some(c) => match c {
+                    ChildReference::Hash(h) => stream.append(&h),
+                    ChildReference::Inline(inline_data, len) => {
+                        let bytes = &AsRef::<[u8]>::as_ref(&inline_data)[..len];
+                        stream.append_raw(bytes, 1)
+                    },
+                },
+                None => stream.append_empty_data()
+            };
+        }
+        if let Some(value) = value {
+            stream.append(&&*value);
+        } else {
+            stream.append_empty_data();
+        }
+        stream.drain()
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/uint.rs b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/uint.rs
index b14a8aa4fd..92ab73b70a 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/uint.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/primitives/src/uint.rs
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_serde {
 }
 
 construct_uint!(U256, 4);
-construct_uint!(U512, 8);
 impl_serde!(U256, 4);
-impl_serde!(U512, 8);
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ mod tests {
 					($name::from(1_000), "0x3e8"),
 					($name::from(100_000), "0x186a0"),
 					($name::from(u64::max_value()), "0xffffffffffffffff"),
-					($name::from(u64::max_value()) + 1.into(), "0x10000000000000000"),
+					($name::from(u64::max_value()) + $name::from(1), "0x10000000000000000"),
 				];
 
 				for (number, expected) in tests {
@@ -87,7 +85,6 @@ mod tests {
 	}
 
 	test!(U256, test_u256);
-	test!(U512, test_u512);
 
 	#[test]
 	fn test_large_values() {
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/Cargo.toml
index dec067b409..6b7038d44a 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,5 +9,6 @@ jsonrpc-http-server = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git" }
 jsonrpc-pubsub = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git" }
 jsonrpc-ws-server = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/jsonrpc.git" }
 log = "0.3"
+serde = "1.0"
 substrate-rpc = { path = "../rpc", version = "0.1" }
 substrate-runtime-primitives = { path = "../runtime/primitives" }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/src/lib.rs
index 11fa9aa9b6..e42996ff6c 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc-servers/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ extern crate jsonrpc_core as rpc;
 extern crate jsonrpc_http_server as http;
 extern crate jsonrpc_pubsub as pubsub;
 extern crate jsonrpc_ws_server as ws;
+extern crate serde;
 extern crate substrate_runtime_primitives;
 
 #[macro_use]
@@ -38,16 +39,17 @@ pub type HttpServer = http::Server;
 pub type WsServer = ws::Server;
 
 /// Construct rpc `IoHandler`
-pub fn rpc_handler<Block: BlockT, S, C, A, Y>(
+pub fn rpc_handler<Block, PendingExtrinsics, S, C, A, Y>(
 	state: S,
 	chain: C,
 	author: A,
 	system: Y,
 ) -> RpcHandler where
-	Block: 'static,
+	Block: BlockT + 'static,
+	PendingExtrinsics: serde::Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned + Send + Sync + 'static,
 	S: apis::state::StateApi<Block::Hash, Metadata=Metadata>,
-	C: apis::chain::ChainApi<Block::Hash, Block::Header, Metadata=Metadata>,
-	A: apis::author::AuthorApi<Block::Hash, Block::Extrinsic, Metadata=Metadata>,
+	C: apis::chain::ChainApi<Block::Hash, Block::Header, Block::Extrinsic, Metadata=Metadata>,
+	A: apis::author::AuthorApi<Block::Hash, Block::Extrinsic, PendingExtrinsics, Metadata=Metadata>,
 	Y: apis::system::SystemApi,
 {
 	let mut io = pubsub::PubSubHandler::default();
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/mod.rs b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/mod.rs
index 9077abdc3f..d63bf95a63 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/mod.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/mod.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use extrinsic_pool::{
 };
 use jsonrpc_macros::pubsub;
 use jsonrpc_pubsub::SubscriptionId;
-use primitives::Bytes;
+use primitives::{Bytes, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 use rpc::futures::{Sink, Stream, Future};
 use runtime_primitives::{generic, traits};
 use subscriptions::Subscriptions;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use self::error::Result;
 
 build_rpc_trait! {
 	/// Substrate authoring RPC API
-	pub trait AuthorApi<Hash, Extrinsic> {
+	pub trait AuthorApi<Hash, Extrinsic, PendingExtrinsics> {
 		type Metadata;
 
 		/// Submit extrinsic for inclusion in block.
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@ build_rpc_trait! {
 		#[rpc(name = "author_submitExtrinsic")]
 		fn submit_extrinsic(&self, Bytes) -> Result<Hash>;
 
+		/// Returns all pending extrinsics, potentially grouped by sender.
+		#[rpc(name = "author_pendingExtrinsics")]
+		fn pending_extrinsics(&self) -> Result<PendingExtrinsics>;
+
 		#[pubsub(name = "author_extrinsicUpdate")] {
 			/// Submit an extrinsic to watch.
 			#[rpc(name = "author_submitAndWatchExtrinsic")]
@@ -60,7 +64,6 @@ build_rpc_trait! {
 			#[rpc(name = "author_unwatchExtrinsic")]
 			fn unwatch_extrinsic(&self, SubscriptionId) -> Result<bool>;
 		}
-
 	}
 }
 
@@ -85,12 +88,13 @@ impl<B, E, Block: traits::Block, P> Author<B, E, Block, P> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<B, E, Block, P, Ex, Hash> AuthorApi<Hash, Ex> for Author<B, E, Block, P> where
-	B: client::backend::Backend<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-	E: client::CallExecutor<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+impl<B, E, Block, P, Ex, Hash, InPool> AuthorApi<Hash, Ex, InPool> for Author<B, E, Block, P> where
+	B: client::backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	E: client::CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 	Block: traits::Block + 'static,
-	Hash: traits::MaybeSerializeDebug + Sync + Send + 'static,
-	P: ExtrinsicPool<Ex, generic::BlockId<Block>, Hash>,
+	Hash: traits::MaybeSerializeDebug + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	InPool: traits::MaybeSerializeDebug + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	P: ExtrinsicPool<Ex, generic::BlockId<Block>, Hash, InPool=InPool>,
 	P::Error: 'static,
 	Ex: Codec,
 {
@@ -112,6 +116,10 @@ impl<B, E, Block, P, Ex, Hash> AuthorApi<Hash, Ex> for Author<B, E, Block, P> wh
 			)
 	}
 
+	fn pending_extrinsics(&self) -> Result<InPool> {
+		Ok(self.pool.all())
+	}
+
 	fn watch_extrinsic(&self, _metadata: Self::Metadata, subscriber: pubsub::Subscriber<Status<Hash>>, xt: Bytes) {
 
 		let submit = || -> Result<_> {
@@ -146,3 +154,4 @@ impl<B, E, Block, P, Ex, Hash> AuthorApi<Hash, Ex> for Author<B, E, Block, P> wh
 		Ok(self.subscriptions.cancel(id))
 	}
 }
+
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/tests.rs b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/tests.rs
index 116ca7ea2c..ebca4596ad 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/tests.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/author/tests.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Error {
 
 impl<BlockHash> api::ExtrinsicPool<Extrinsic, BlockHash, u64> for DummyTxPool {
 	type Error = Error;
+	type InPool = Vec<u8>;
 
 	/// Submit extrinsic for inclusion in block.
 	fn submit(&self, _block: BlockHash, xt: Vec<Extrinsic>) -> Result<Vec<Hash>, Self::Error> {
@@ -79,6 +80,10 @@ impl<BlockHash> api::ExtrinsicPool<Extrinsic, BlockHash, u64> for DummyTxPool {
 	fn import_notification_stream(&self) -> api::EventStream {
 		unreachable!()
 	}
+
+	fn all(&self) -> Self::InPool {
+		vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+	}
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -143,3 +148,18 @@ fn should_watch_extrinsic() {
 		Some(r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"test","params":{"result":{"usurped":5},"subscription":0}}"#.into())
 	);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn should_return_pending_extrinsics() {
+	let runtime = runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
+	let p = Author {
+		client: Arc::new(test_client::new()),
+		pool: Arc::new(DummyTxPool::default()),
+		subscriptions: Subscriptions::new(runtime.executor()),
+	};
+
+	assert_matches!(
+		p.pending_extrinsics(),
+		Ok(ref expected) if expected == &[1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+	);
+}
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/mod.rs b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/mod.rs
index 3c0491c422..5662a5a0b3 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/mod.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/mod.rs
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ use jsonrpc_macros::pubsub;
 use jsonrpc_pubsub::SubscriptionId;
 use rpc::Result as RpcResult;
 use rpc::futures::{stream, Future, Sink, Stream};
-use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
+use runtime_primitives::generic::{BlockId, SignedBlock};
 use runtime_primitives::traits::Block as BlockT;
 use tokio::runtime::TaskExecutor;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
 use subscriptions::Subscriptions;
 
@@ -37,13 +38,17 @@ use self::error::Result;
 
 build_rpc_trait! {
 	/// Polkadot blockchain API
-	pub trait ChainApi<Hash, Header> {
+	pub trait ChainApi<Hash, Header, Extrinsic> {
 		type Metadata;
 
 		/// Get header of a relay chain block.
 		#[rpc(name = "chain_getHeader")]
 		fn header(&self, Hash) -> Result<Option<Header>>;
 
+		/// Get header and body of a relay chain block.
+		#[rpc(name = "chain_getBlock")]
+		fn block(&self, Hash) -> Result<Option<SignedBlock<Header, Extrinsic, Hash>>>;
+
 		/// Get hash of the head.
 		#[rpc(name = "chain_getHead")]
 		fn head(&self) -> Result<Hash>;
@@ -78,10 +83,10 @@ impl<B, E, Block: BlockT> Chain<B, E, Block> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<B, E, Block> ChainApi<Block::Hash, Block::Header> for Chain<B, E, Block> where
+impl<B, E, Block> ChainApi<Block::Hash, Block::Header, Block::Extrinsic> for Chain<B, E, Block> where
 	Block: BlockT + 'static,
-	B: client::backend::Backend<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-	E: client::CallExecutor<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	B: client::backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	E: client::CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
 	type Metadata = ::metadata::Metadata;
 
@@ -89,6 +94,10 @@ impl<B, E, Block> ChainApi<Block::Hash, Block::Header> for Chain<B, E, Block> wh
 		Ok(self.client.header(&BlockId::Hash(hash))?)
 	}
 
+	fn block(&self, hash: Block::Hash) -> Result<Option<SignedBlock<Block::Header, Block::Extrinsic, Block::Hash>>> {
+		Ok(self.client.block(&BlockId::Hash(hash))?)
+	}
+
 	fn head(&self) -> Result<Block::Hash> {
 		Ok(self.client.info()?.chain.best_hash)
 	}
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/tests.rs b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/tests.rs
index 1f0a3a9d01..eac9abd5c4 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/tests.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/chain/tests.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use super::*;
 use jsonrpc_macros::pubsub;
 use client::BlockOrigin;
 use test_client::{self, TestClient};
-use test_client::runtime::Header;
+use test_client::runtime::{Block, Header};
 
 #[test]
 fn should_return_header() {
@@ -46,6 +46,47 @@ fn should_return_header() {
 	);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn should_return_a_block() {
+	let core = ::tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
+	let remote = core.executor();
+
+	let api = Chain {
+		client: Arc::new(test_client::new()),
+		subscriptions: Subscriptions::new(remote),
+	};
+
+	let block = api.client.new_block().unwrap().bake().unwrap();
+	let block_hash = block.hash();
+	api.client.justify_and_import(BlockOrigin::Own, block).unwrap();
+
+
+	// Genesis block is not justified, so we can't query it?
+	assert_matches!(
+		api.block(api.client.genesis_hash()),
+		Ok(None)
+	);
+
+	assert_matches!(
+		api.block(block_hash),
+		Ok(Some(ref x)) if x.block == Block {
+			header: Header {
+				parent_hash: api.client.genesis_hash(),
+				number: 1,
+				state_root: x.block.header.state_root.clone(),
+				extrinsics_root: "56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421".into(),
+				digest: Default::default(),
+			},
+			extrinsics: vec![],
+		}
+	);
+
+	assert_matches!(
+		api.block(5.into()),
+		Ok(None)
+	);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn should_notify_about_latest_block() {
 	let mut core = ::tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/state/mod.rs b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/state/mod.rs
index 0ae462452f..28aa017109 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/state/mod.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/rpc/src/state/mod.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use jsonrpc_macros::pubsub;
 use jsonrpc_pubsub::SubscriptionId;
 use primitives::hexdisplay::HexDisplay;
 use primitives::storage::{StorageKey, StorageData, StorageChangeSet};
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 use rpc::Result as RpcResult;
 use rpc::futures::{stream, Future, Sink, Stream};
 use runtime_primitives::generic::BlockId;
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ impl<B, E, Block: BlockT> State<B, E, Block> {
 
 impl<B, E, Block> State<B, E, Block> where
 	Block: BlockT + 'static,
-	B: client::backend::Backend<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-	E: CallExecutor<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	B: client::backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
 	fn unwrap_or_best(&self, hash: Trailing<Block::Hash>) -> Result<Block::Hash> {
 		Ok(match hash.into() {
@@ -114,8 +115,8 @@ impl<B, E, Block> State<B, E, Block> where
 
 impl<B, E, Block> StateApi<Block::Hash> for State<B, E, Block> where
 	Block: BlockT + 'static,
-	B: client::backend::Backend<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
-	E: CallExecutor<Block> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	B: client::backend::Backend<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
+	E: CallExecutor<Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
 	type Metadata = ::metadata::Metadata;
 
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime-io/with_std.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime-io/with_std.rs
index 3d3b255208..f543b8ae2c 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime-io/with_std.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime-io/with_std.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,16 @@ pub extern crate substrate_codec as codec;
 // re-export hashing functions.
 pub use primitives::{blake2_256, twox_128, twox_256};
 
+pub use primitives::KeccakHasher;
+// Switch to this after PoC-3
+// pub use primitives::BlakeHasher;
 pub use substrate_state_machine::{Externalities, TestExternalities};
 use primitives::hexdisplay::HexDisplay;
+use primitives::H256;
 
 // TODO: use the real error, not NoError.
 
-environmental!(ext: trait Externalities);
+environmental!(ext: trait Externalities<KeccakHasher>);
 
 /// Get `key` from storage and return a `Vec`, empty if there's a problem.
 pub fn storage(key: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -90,10 +94,10 @@ pub fn chain_id() -> u64 {
 }
 
 /// "Commit" all existing operations and get the resultant storage root.
-pub fn storage_root() -> [u8; 32] {
+pub fn storage_root() -> H256 {
 	ext::with(|ext|
 		ext.storage_root()
-	).unwrap_or([0u8; 32])
+	).unwrap_or(H256::new())
 }
 
 /// A trie root formed from the enumerated items.
@@ -125,7 +129,8 @@ pub fn ed25519_verify<P: AsRef<[u8]>>(sig: &[u8; 64], msg: &[u8], pubkey: P) ->
 
 /// Execute the given closure with global function available whose functionality routes into the
 /// externalities `ext`. Forwards the value that the closure returns.
-pub fn with_externalities<R, F: FnOnce() -> R>(ext: &mut Externalities, f: F) -> R {
+// NOTE: need a concrete hasher here due to limitations of the `environmental!` macro, otherwise a type param would have been fine I think.
+pub fn with_externalities<R, F: FnOnce() -> R>(ext: &mut Externalities<KeccakHasher>, f: F) -> R {
 	ext::using(ext, f)
 }
 
@@ -191,7 +196,7 @@ mod std_tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn storage_works() {
-		let mut t = TestExternalities::new();
+		let mut t = TestExternalities::<KeccakHasher>::new();
 		assert!(with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			assert_eq!(storage(b"hello"), None);
 			set_storage(b"hello", b"world");
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ mod std_tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn read_storage_works() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			b":test".to_vec() => b"\x0b\0\0\0Hello world".to_vec()
 		];
 
@@ -228,7 +233,7 @@ mod std_tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn clear_prefix_works() {
-		let mut t: TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut t: TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			b":a".to_vec() => b"\x0b\0\0\0Hello world".to_vec(),
 			b":abcd".to_vec() => b"\x0b\0\0\0Hello world".to_vec(),
 			b":abc".to_vec() => b"\x0b\0\0\0Hello world".to_vec(),
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/consensus/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/consensus/src/lib.rs
index 13d40afe5e..3b9e2554b4 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/consensus/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/consensus/src/lib.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ use runtime_support::storage::unhashed::StorageVec;
 use primitives::traits::{RefInto, MaybeSerializeDebug, MaybeEmpty};
 use primitives::bft::MisbehaviorReport;
 
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
+use substrate_primitives::KeccakHasher;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 pub const AUTHORITY_AT: &'static [u8] = b":auth:";
 pub const AUTHORITY_COUNT: &'static [u8] = b":auth:len";
 
@@ -146,14 +151,14 @@ impl<T: Trait> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
 impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
+	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>, String> {
 		use codec::{Encode, KeyedVec};
 		let auth_count = self.authorities.len() as u32;
-		let mut r: runtime_io::TestExternalities = self.authorities.into_iter().enumerate().map(|(i, v)|
+		let mut r: runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = self.authorities.into_iter().enumerate().map(|(i, v)|
 			((i as u32).to_keyed_vec(AUTHORITY_AT), v.encode())
 		).collect();
 		r.insert(AUTHORITY_COUNT.to_vec(), auth_count.encode());
 		r.insert(CODE.to_vec(), self.code);
-		Ok(r)
+		Ok(r.into())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/Cargo.toml
index 23291d4d67..0658425c06 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ authors = ["Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"]
 serde = { version = "1.0", default_features = false }
 serde_derive = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
 substrate-codec = { path = "../../codec", default_features = false }
+substrate-primitives = { path = "../../primitives" }
 substrate-runtime-consensus = { path = "../../runtime/consensus", default_features = false }
 substrate-runtime-primitives = { path = "../../runtime/primitives" }
 substrate-runtime-io = { path = "../../runtime-io", default_features = false }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/gas.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/gas.rs
index 662ddc4fbd..2f2b82d6b0 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/gas.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/gas.rs
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ pub fn buy_gas<T: Trait>(
 		return Err("not enough funds for transaction fee");
 	}
 	<staking::Module<T>>::set_free_balance(transactor, b - cost);
+	<staking::Module<T>>::decrease_total_stake_by(cost);
 	Ok(GasMeter {
 		gas_left: gas_limit,
 		gas_price,
@@ -147,4 +148,5 @@ pub fn refund_unused_gas<T: Trait>(transactor: &T::AccountId, gas_meter: GasMete
 	let b = <staking::Module<T>>::free_balance(transactor);
 	let refund = <T::Gas as As<T::Balance>>::as_(gas_meter.gas_left) * gas_meter.gas_price;
 	<staking::Module<T>>::set_free_balance(transactor, b + refund);
+	<staking::Module<T>>::increase_total_stake_by(refund);
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/genesis_config.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/genesis_config.rs
index d841f22806..89f94b40b9 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/genesis_config.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/genesis_config.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ use runtime_primitives;
 use runtime_io::{self, twox_128};
 use runtime_support::StorageValue;
 use codec::Encode;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use substrate_primitives::KeccakHasher;
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -35,14 +37,14 @@ pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Trait> {
 }
 
 impl<T: Trait> runtime_primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T> {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
-		let r: runtime_io::TestExternalities = map![
+	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>, String> {
+		let r: runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			twox_128(<ContractFee<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.contract_fee.encode(),
 			twox_128(<CallBaseFee<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.call_base_fee.encode(),
 			twox_128(<CreateBaseFee<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.create_base_fee.encode(),
 			twox_128(<GasPrice<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.gas_price.encode(),
 			twox_128(<MaxDepth<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.max_depth.encode()
 		];
-		Ok(r)
+		Ok(r.into())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/lib.rs
index 123574b27c..6761c03442 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/lib.rs
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ extern crate substrate_runtime_session as session;
 extern crate substrate_runtime_support as runtime_support;
 
 extern crate substrate_runtime_primitives as runtime_primitives;
+extern crate substrate_primitives;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[macro_use]
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/tests.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/tests.rs
index f79b155cf5..53a324907e 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/tests.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/contract/src/tests.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use runtime_primitives::testing::{Digest, H256, Header};
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{BlakeTwo256, HasPublicAux, Identity};
 use runtime_primitives::BuildStorage;
 use runtime_support::StorageMap;
+use substrate_primitives::KeccakHasher;
 use wabt;
 use {
 	consensus, runtime_io, session, staking, system, timestamp, CodeOf, ContractAddressFor,
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ impl ContractAddressFor<u64> for DummyContractAddressFor {
 	}
 }
 
-fn new_test_ext(existential_deposit: u64, gas_price: u64) -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+fn new_test_ext(existential_deposit: u64, gas_price: u64) -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 	let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default()
 		.build_storage()
 		.unwrap();
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ fn new_test_ext(existential_deposit: u64, gas_price: u64) -> runtime_io::TestExt
 		}.build_storage()
 			.unwrap(),
 	);
-	t
+	t.into()
 }
 
 const CODE_TRANSFER: &str = r#"
@@ -162,7 +163,9 @@ fn contract_transfer() {
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(1, code_transfer.to_vec());
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 11);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(11);
 
 		assert_ok!(Contract::call(&0, 1, 3, 100_000, Vec::new()));
 
@@ -195,7 +198,9 @@ fn contract_transfer_oog() {
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(1, code_transfer.to_vec());
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 11);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(11);
 
 		assert_err!(
 			Contract::call(&0, 1, 3, 276, Vec::new()),
@@ -232,7 +237,9 @@ fn contract_transfer_max_depth() {
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(CONTRACT_SHOULD_TRANSFER_TO, code_transfer.to_vec());
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&CONTRACT_SHOULD_TRANSFER_TO, 11);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(11);
 
 		assert_err!(
 			Contract::call(&0, CONTRACT_SHOULD_TRANSFER_TO, 3, 100_000, Vec::new()),
@@ -331,8 +338,10 @@ fn contract_create() {
 
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 2), || {
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 0);
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&9, 30);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(30);
 
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(1, code_create.to_vec());
 
@@ -383,7 +392,9 @@ fn top_level_create() {
 		);
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&derived_address, 30);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(30);
 
 		assert_ok!(Contract::create(
 			&0,
@@ -423,6 +434,7 @@ fn refunds_unused_gas() {
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(1, code_nop.to_vec());
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 
 		assert_ok!(Contract::call(&0, 1, 0, 100_000, Vec::new(),));
 
@@ -436,6 +448,7 @@ fn call_with_zero_value() {
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(1, vec![]);
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 
 		assert_ok!(Contract::call(&0, 1, 0, 100_000, Vec::new(),));
 
@@ -449,6 +462,7 @@ fn create_with_zero_endowment() {
 
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 2), || {
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 
 		assert_ok!(Contract::create(&0, 0, 100_000, code_nop, Vec::new(),));
 
@@ -467,10 +481,12 @@ fn account_removal_removes_storage() {
 		// Setup two accounts with free balance above than exsistential threshold.
 		{
 			Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 110);
+			Staking::increase_total_stake_by(110);
 			<StorageOf<Test>>::insert(1, b"foo".to_vec(), b"1".to_vec());
 			<StorageOf<Test>>::insert(1, b"bar".to_vec(), b"2".to_vec());
 
 			Staking::set_free_balance(&2, 110);
+			Staking::increase_total_stake_by(110);
 			<StorageOf<Test>>::insert(2, b"hello".to_vec(), b"3".to_vec());
 			<StorageOf<Test>>::insert(2, b"world".to_vec(), b"4".to_vec());
 		}
@@ -515,6 +531,7 @@ fn top_level_call_refunds_even_if_fails() {
 		<CodeOf<Test>>::insert(1, code_unreachable.to_vec());
 
 		Staking::set_free_balance(&0, 100_000_000);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(100_000_000);
 
 		assert_err!(
 			Contract::call(&0, 1, 0, 100_000, Vec::new()),
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/council/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/council/src/lib.rs
index 1fd210021a..78be6c1804 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/council/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/council/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ use primitives::traits::{Zero, One, RefInto, As, AuxLookup};
 use substrate_runtime_support::{StorageValue, StorageMap};
 use substrate_runtime_support::dispatch::Result;
 use staking::address::Address;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub mod voting;
 
@@ -590,7 +592,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
 impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
+	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>, String> {
 		use codec::Encode;
 
 		Ok(map![
@@ -614,12 +616,14 @@ impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+	// These re-exports are here for a reason, edit with care
 	pub use super::*;
 	pub use runtime_io::with_externalities;
 	pub use substrate_primitives::H256;
 	use primitives::BuildStorage;
 	use primitives::traits::{HasPublicAux, Identity, BlakeTwo256};
 	use primitives::testing::{Digest, Header};
+	use substrate_primitives::KeccakHasher;
 
 	impl_outer_dispatch! {
 		#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
@@ -667,7 +671,7 @@ mod tests {
 	}
 	impl Trait for Test {}
 
-	pub fn new_test_ext(with_council: bool) -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+	pub fn new_test_ext(with_council: bool) -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(consensus::GenesisConfig::<Test>{
 			code: vec![],
@@ -718,7 +722,7 @@ mod tests {
 			voting_period: 1,
 		}.build_storage().unwrap());
 		t.extend(timestamp::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap());
-		t
+		t.into()
 	}
 
 	pub type System = system::Module<Test>;
@@ -784,7 +788,7 @@ mod tests {
 		});
 	}
 
-	fn new_test_ext_with_candidate_holes() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+	fn new_test_ext_with_candidate_holes() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		let mut t = new_test_ext(false);
 		with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			<Candidates<Test>>::put(vec![0, 0, 1]);
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/democracy/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/democracy/src/lib.rs
index 6e07a1991b..2c07d5b0d0 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/democracy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/democracy/src/lib.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ use primitives::traits::{Zero, Executable, RefInto, As, MaybeSerializeDebug};
 use substrate_runtime_support::{StorageValue, StorageMap, Parameter, Dispatchable, IsSubType};
 use substrate_runtime_support::dispatch::Result;
 
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 mod vote_threshold;
 pub use vote_threshold::{Approved, VoteThreshold};
 
@@ -339,7 +342,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
 impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
+	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>, String> {
 		use codec::Encode;
 
 		Ok(map![
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use runtime_io::with_externalities;
-	use substrate_primitives::H256;
+	use substrate_primitives::{H256, KeccakHasher};
 	use primitives::BuildStorage;
 	use primitives::traits::{HasPublicAux, Identity, BlakeTwo256};
 	use primitives::testing::{Digest, Header};
@@ -409,7 +412,7 @@ mod tests {
 		type Proposal = Proposal;
 	}
 
-	fn new_test_ext() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+	fn new_test_ext() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(consensus::GenesisConfig::<Test>{
 			code: vec![],
@@ -442,7 +445,7 @@ mod tests {
 			minimum_deposit: 1,
 		}.build_storage().unwrap());
 		t.extend(timestamp::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap());
-		t
+		t.into()
 	}
 
 	type System = system::Module<Test>;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/executive/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/executive/src/lib.rs
index a918f062e8..6910f65ee3 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/executive/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/executive/src/lib.rs
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use staking::Call;
 	use runtime_io::with_externalities;
-	use substrate_primitives::H256;
+	use substrate_primitives::{H256, KeccakHasher};
 	use primitives::BuildStorage;
 	use primitives::traits::{HasPublicAux, Identity, Header as HeaderT, BlakeTwo256, AuxLookup};
 	use primitives::testing::{Digest, Header, Block};
@@ -289,6 +289,7 @@ mod tests {
 			session_reward: 0,
 		}.build_storage().unwrap());
 		let xt = primitives::testing::TestXt((1, 0, Call::transfer(2.into(), 69)));
+		let mut t = runtime_io::TestExternalities::from(t);
 		with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			Executive::initialise_block(&Header::new(1, H256::default(), H256::default(), [69u8; 32].into(), Digest::default()));
 			Executive::apply_extrinsic(xt).unwrap();
@@ -297,13 +298,13 @@ mod tests {
 		});
 	}
 
-	fn new_test_ext() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+	fn new_test_ext() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(consensus::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap());
 		t.extend(session::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap());
 		t.extend(staking::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap());
 		t.extend(timestamp::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap());
-		t
+		t.into()
 	}
 
 	#[test]
@@ -313,8 +314,11 @@ mod tests {
 				header: Header {
 					parent_hash: [69u8; 32].into(),
 					number: 1,
+					// Blake
+					// state_root: hex!("02532989c613369596025dfcfc821339fc9861987003924913a5a1382f87034a").into(),
+					// Keccak
 					state_root: hex!("8fad93b6b9e5251a2e4913598fd0d74a138c0e486eb1133ff8081b429b0c56f2").into(),
-					extrinsics_root: hex!("56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421").into(),
+					extrinsics_root: hex!("56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421").into(), // REVIEW: I expected this to be wrong with a different hasher?
 					digest: Digest { logs: vec![], },
 				},
 				extrinsics: vec![],
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/session/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/session/src/lib.rs
index 9870b81f9a..59ba338e77 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/session/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/session/src/lib.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ use primitives::traits::{Zero, One, RefInto, MaybeEmpty, Executable, Convert, As
 use runtime_support::{StorageValue, StorageMap};
 use runtime_support::dispatch::Result;
 
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
 /// A session has changed.
 pub trait OnSessionChange<T, A> {
 	/// Session has changed.
@@ -265,7 +268,8 @@ impl<T: Trait> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
 impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
+	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>, String> {
+
 		use codec::Encode;
 		use primitives::traits::As;
 		Ok(map![
@@ -282,7 +286,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use runtime_io::with_externalities;
-	use substrate_primitives::H256;
+	use substrate_primitives::{H256, KeccakHasher};
 	use primitives::BuildStorage;
 	use primitives::traits::{HasPublicAux, Identity, BlakeTwo256};
 	use primitives::testing::{Digest, Header};
@@ -320,7 +324,7 @@ mod tests {
 	type Timestamp = timestamp::Module<Test>;
 	type Session = Module<Test>;
 
-	fn new_test_ext() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+	fn new_test_ext() -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(consensus::GenesisConfig::<Test>{
 			code: vec![],
@@ -334,7 +338,7 @@ mod tests {
 			validators: vec![1, 2, 3],
 			broken_percent_late: 30,
 		}.build_storage().unwrap());
-		t
+		t.into()
 	}
 
 	#[test]
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/genesis_config.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/genesis_config.rs
index 2987725b7a..af221cc386 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/genesis_config.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/genesis_config.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
 
 #![cfg(feature = "std")]
 
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 use rstd::prelude::*;
 use codec::Encode;
 use runtime_support::{StorageValue, StorageMap};
 use primitives::traits::{Zero, As};
+use substrate_primitives::KeccakHasher;
 use {runtime_io, primitives};
 use super::{Trait, ENUM_SET_SIZE, EnumSet, NextEnumSet, Intentions, CurrentEra,
 	BondingDuration, CreationFee, TransferFee, ReclaimRebate,
@@ -118,10 +120,10 @@ impl<T: Trait> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
 }
 
 impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T> {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
+	fn build_storage(self) -> ::std::result::Result<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>, String> {
 		let total_stake: T::Balance = self.balances.iter().fold(Zero::zero(), |acc, &(_, n)| acc + n);
 
-		let mut r: runtime_io::TestExternalities = map![
+		let mut r: runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> = map![
 			Self::hash(<NextEnumSet<T>>::key()).to_vec() => T::AccountIndex::sa(self.balances.len() / ENUM_SET_SIZE).encode(),
 			Self::hash(<Intentions<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.intentions.encode(),
 			Self::hash(<SessionsPerEra<T>>::key()).to_vec() => self.sessions_per_era.encode(),
@@ -147,6 +149,6 @@ impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T> {
 		for (who, value) in self.balances.into_iter() {
 			r.insert(Self::hash(&<FreeBalance<T>>::key_for(who)).to_vec(), value.encode());
 		}
-		Ok(r)
+		Ok(r.into())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/lib.rs
index 825a09f171..bb89c2be8b 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/lib.rs
@@ -302,7 +302,8 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 		};
 
 		if transactor != &dest {
-			Self::set_free_balance(transactor, new_from_balance);
+			Self::set_free_balance(transactor, new_from_balance);			
+			Self::decrease_total_stake_by(fee);
 			Self::set_free_balance_creating(&dest, new_to_balance);
 		}
 
@@ -424,6 +425,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 	/// In that case it will return `AccountKilled`.
 	pub fn set_reserved_balance(who: &T::AccountId, balance: T::Balance) -> UpdateBalanceOutcome {
 		if balance < Self::existential_deposit() {
+			<ReservedBalance<T>>::insert(who, balance);
 			Self::on_reserved_too_low(who);
 			UpdateBalanceOutcome::AccountKilled
 		} else {
@@ -443,6 +445,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 		// Commented out for no - but consider it instructive.
 		// assert!(!Self::voting_balance(who).is_zero());
 		if balance < Self::existential_deposit() {
+			<FreeBalance<T>>::insert(who, balance);
 			Self::on_free_too_low(who);
 			UpdateBalanceOutcome::AccountKilled
 		} else {
@@ -472,7 +475,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 		// value of which makes even the `free_balance` unspendable.
 		// TODO: enforce this for the other balance-altering functions.
 		if balance < ed {
-			Self::on_free_too_low(who);
+			Self::set_free_balance(who, balance);
 			UpdateBalanceOutcome::AccountKilled
 		} else {
 			if !<FreeBalance<T>>::exists(who) {
@@ -481,10 +484,12 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 					NewAccountOutcome::GoodHint => balance + <Module<T>>::reclaim_rebate(),
 					_ => balance,
 				};
-				<FreeBalance<T>>::insert(who, credit);
-			} else {
-				<FreeBalance<T>>::insert(who, balance);
+				Self::set_free_balance(who, credit);
+				Self::increase_total_stake_by(credit - balance);
+			} else {	
+				Self::set_free_balance(who, balance);
 			}
+
 			UpdateBalanceOutcome::Updated
 		}
 	}
@@ -493,11 +498,12 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 	/// free balance. This function cannot fail.
 	///
 	/// As much funds up to `value` will be deducted as possible. If this is less than `value`,
-	/// then `Some(remaining)` will be retutned. Full completion is given by `None`.
+	/// then `Some(remaining)` will be returned. Full completion is given by `None`.
 	pub fn slash(who: &T::AccountId, value: T::Balance) -> Option<T::Balance> {
 		let free_balance = Self::free_balance(who);
 		let free_slash = cmp::min(free_balance, value);
 		Self::set_free_balance(who, free_balance - free_slash);
+		Self::decrease_total_stake_by(free_slash);
 		if free_slash < value {
 			Self::slash_reserved(who, value - free_slash)
 		} else {
@@ -513,6 +519,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 			return Err("beneficiary account must pre-exist");
 		}
 		Self::set_free_balance(who, Self::free_balance(who) + value);
+		Self::increase_total_stake_by(value);
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
@@ -536,7 +543,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 	/// Moves up to `value` from reserved balance to balance. This function cannot fail.
 	///
 	/// As much funds up to `value` will be deducted as possible. If this is less than `value`,
-	/// then `Some(remaining)` will be retutned. Full completion is given by `None`.
+	/// then `Some(remaining)` will be returned. Full completion is given by `None`.
 	/// NOTE: This is different to `reserve`.
 	pub fn unreserve(who: &T::AccountId, value: T::Balance) -> Option<T::Balance> {
 		let b = Self::reserved_balance(who);
@@ -553,11 +560,12 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 	/// Deducts up to `value` from reserved balance of `who`. This function cannot fail.
 	///
 	/// As much funds up to `value` will be deducted as possible. If this is less than `value`,
-	/// then `Some(remaining)` will be retutned. Full completion is given by `None`.
+	/// then `Some(remaining)` will be returned. Full completion is given by `None`.
 	pub fn slash_reserved(who: &T::AccountId, value: T::Balance) -> Option<T::Balance> {
 		let b = Self::reserved_balance(who);
 		let slash = cmp::min(b, value);
 		Self::set_reserved_balance(who, b - slash);
+		Self::decrease_total_stake_by(slash);
 		if value == slash {
 			None
 		} else {
@@ -570,7 +578,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 	/// returned.
 	///
 	/// As much funds up to `value` will be moved as possible. If this is less than `value`, then
-	/// `Ok(Some(remaining))` will be retutned. Full completion is given by `Ok(None)`.
+	/// `Ok(Some(remaining))` will be returned. Full completion is given by `Ok(None)`.
 	pub fn transfer_reserved(
 		slashed: &T::AccountId,
 		beneficiary: &T::AccountId,
@@ -785,6 +793,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 
 	/// Kill an account's free portion.
 	fn on_free_too_low(who: &T::AccountId) {
+		Self::decrease_total_stake_by(Self::free_balance(who));
 		<FreeBalance<T>>::remove(who);
 		<Bondage<T>>::remove(who);
 		T::OnAccountKill::on_account_kill(who);
@@ -796,11 +805,25 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 
 	/// Kill an account's reserved portion.
 	fn on_reserved_too_low(who: &T::AccountId) {
+		Self::decrease_total_stake_by(Self::reserved_balance(who));
 		<ReservedBalance<T>>::remove(who);
 		if Self::free_balance(who).is_zero() {
 			<system::AccountNonce<T>>::remove(who);
 		}
 	}
+
+	/// Increase TotalStake by Value.
+	pub fn increase_total_stake_by(value: T::Balance) {
+		if <TotalStake<T>>::exists() {
+			<TotalStake<T>>::put(<Module<T>>::total_stake() + value);
+		}
+	}
+	/// Decrease TotalStake by Value.
+	pub fn decrease_total_stake_by(value: T::Balance) {
+		if <TotalStake<T>>::exists() {
+			<TotalStake<T>>::put(<Module<T>>::total_stake() - value);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 impl<T: Trait> Executable for Module<T> {
@@ -832,7 +855,8 @@ impl<T: Trait> MakePayment<T::AccountId> for Module<T> {
 		if b < transaction_fee + Self::existential_deposit() {
 			return Err("not enough funds for transaction fee");
 		}
-		<FreeBalance<T>>::insert(transactor, b - transaction_fee);
+		Self::set_free_balance(transactor, b - transaction_fee);
+		Self::decrease_total_stake_by(transaction_fee);
 		Ok(())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/mock.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/mock.rs
index dcc96b0373..2f3024d78d 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/mock.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/mock.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 use primitives::BuildStorage;
 use primitives::traits::{HasPublicAux, Identity};
 use primitives::testing::{Digest, Header};
-use substrate_primitives::H256;
+use substrate_primitives::{H256, KeccakHasher};
 use runtime_io;
 use {GenesisConfig, Module, Trait, consensus, session, system, timestamp};
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Trait for Test {
 	type OnAccountKill = ();
 }
 
-pub fn new_test_ext(ext_deposit: u64, session_length: u64, sessions_per_era: u64, current_era: u64, monied: bool, reward: u64) -> runtime_io::TestExternalities {
+pub fn new_test_ext(ext_deposit: u64, session_length: u64, sessions_per_era: u64, current_era: u64, monied: bool, reward: u64) -> runtime_io::TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 	let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 	let balance_factor = if ext_deposit > 0 {
 		256
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn new_test_ext(ext_deposit: u64, session_length: u64, sessions_per_era: u64
 	t.extend(timestamp::GenesisConfig::<Test>{
 		period: 5
 	}.build_storage().unwrap());
-	t
+	t.into()
 }
 
 pub type System = system::Module<Test>;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/tests.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/tests.rs
index 36549d534f..b8e11cd98f 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/tests.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/staking/src/tests.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ fn reward_should_work() {
 		assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&10), 1);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reward(&10, 10));
 		assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&10), 11);
+		assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 112);
 	});
 }
 
@@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ fn staking_eras_work() {
 #[test]
 fn staking_balance_works() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 42);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 42);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 42);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 0);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&1), 42);
@@ -421,7 +422,8 @@ fn staking_balance_works() {
 #[test]
 fn staking_balance_transfer_works() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::transfer(&1, 2.into(), 69));
 		assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&1), 42);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&2), 69);
@@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ fn staking_balance_transfer_works() {
 #[test]
 fn staking_balance_transfer_when_bonded_should_not_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::stake(&1));
 		assert_noop!(Staking::transfer(&1, 2.into(), 69), "bondage too high to send value");
 	});
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ fn staking_balance_transfer_when_bonded_should_not_work() {
 #[test]
 fn reserving_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 
 		assert_eq!(Staking::voting_balance(&1), 111);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 111);
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ fn reserving_balance_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn staking_balance_transfer_when_reserved_should_not_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 69));
 		assert_noop!(Staking::transfer(&1, 2.into(), 69), "balance too low to send value");
 	});
@@ -466,7 +468,7 @@ fn staking_balance_transfer_when_reserved_should_not_work() {
 #[test]
 fn deducting_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 69));
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 42);
 	});
@@ -475,7 +477,7 @@ fn deducting_balance_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn deducting_balance_when_bonded_should_not_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 		<Bondage<Test>>::insert(1, 2);
 		System::set_block_number(1);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::unlock_block(&1), LockStatus::LockedUntil(2));
@@ -486,8 +488,8 @@ fn deducting_balance_when_bonded_should_not_work() {
 #[test]
 fn refunding_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 42);
-		<ReservedBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 69);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 42);
+		Staking::set_reserved_balance(&1, 69);
 		Staking::unreserve(&1, 69);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 111);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 0);
@@ -497,29 +499,33 @@ fn refunding_balance_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn slashing_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 69));
 		assert!(Staking::slash(&1, 69).is_none());
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 0);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 42);
+		assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 44);
 	});
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn slashing_incomplete_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 42);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 42);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(42);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 21));
 		assert!(Staking::slash(&1, 69).is_some());
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 0);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 0);
+		assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 2);
 	});
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn unreserving_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 111));
 		Staking::unreserve(&1, 42);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 69);
@@ -530,30 +536,34 @@ fn unreserving_balance_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn slashing_reserved_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 111));
 		assert!(Staking::slash_reserved(&1, 42).is_none());
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 69);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 0);
+		assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 71);
 	});
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn slashing_incomplete_reserved_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
+		Staking::increase_total_stake_by(111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 42));
 		assert!(Staking::slash_reserved(&1, 69).is_some());
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 69);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 0);
+		assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 71);
 	});
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn transferring_reserved_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 110);
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(2, 1);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 110);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&2, 1);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 110));
 		assert_ok!(Staking::transfer_reserved(&1, &2, 41), None);
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 69);
@@ -566,7 +576,7 @@ fn transferring_reserved_balance_should_work() {
 #[test]
 fn transferring_reserved_balance_to_nonexistent_should_fail() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 111);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 111);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 111));
 		assert_noop!(Staking::transfer_reserved(&1, &2, 42), "beneficiary account must pre-exist");
 	});
@@ -575,8 +585,8 @@ fn transferring_reserved_balance_to_nonexistent_should_fail() {
 #[test]
 fn transferring_incomplete_reserved_balance_should_work() {
 	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(0, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(1, 110);
-		<FreeBalance<Test>>::insert(2, 1);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 110);
+		Staking::set_free_balance(&2, 1);
 		assert_ok!(Staking::reserve(&1, 41));
 		assert!(Staking::transfer_reserved(&1, &2, 69).unwrap().is_some());
 		assert_eq!(Staking::reserved_balance(&1), 0);
@@ -599,5 +609,32 @@ fn transferring_too_high_value_should_not_panic() {
 
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), u64::max_value());
 		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&2), 1);
+		});
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn account_removal_on_free_too_low() {
+	with_externalities(&mut new_test_ext(100, 1, 3, 1, false, 0), || {
+		// Setup two accounts with free balance above the exsistential threshold.
+		{
+			Staking::set_free_balance(&1, 110);
+			Staking::increase_total_stake_by(110);
+
+			Staking::set_free_balance(&2, 110);
+			Staking::increase_total_stake_by(110);
+
+			assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 732);
+		}
+
+		// Transfer funds from account 1 of such amount that after this transfer
+		// the balance of account 1 will be below the exsistential threshold.
+		// This should lead to the removal of all balance of this account.
+		assert_ok!(Staking::transfer(&1, 2.into(), 20));
+
+		// Verify free balance removal of account 1.
+		assert_eq!(Staking::free_balance(&1), 0);
+		
+		// Verify that TotalStake tracks balance removal when free balance is too low.
+		assert_eq!(<TotalStake<Test>>::get(), 642);
 	});
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/system/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/system/src/lib.rs
index 002c540590..60dd6059b4 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/system/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/system/src/lib.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ use rstd::marker::PhantomData;
 use codec::Encode;
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
-use runtime_io::{twox_128, TestExternalities};
+use runtime_io::{twox_128, TestExternalities, KeccakHasher};
 
 /// Compute the extrinsics root of a list of extrinsics.
 pub fn extrinsics_root<H: Hash, E: codec::Encode>(extrinsics: &[E]) -> H::Output {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Module<T> {
 
 	/// Get the basic externalities for this module, useful for tests.
 	#[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
-	pub fn externalities() -> TestExternalities {
+	pub fn externalities() -> TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		map![
 			twox_128(&<BlockHash<T>>::key_for(T::BlockNumber::zero())).to_vec() => [69u8; 32].encode(),	// TODO: replace with Hash::default().encode
 			twox_128(<Number<T>>::key()).to_vec() => T::BlockNumber::one().encode(),
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ impl<T: Trait> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", test))]
 impl<T: Trait> primitives::BuildStorage for GenesisConfig<T>
 {
-	fn build_storage(self) -> Result<runtime_io::TestExternalities, String> {
+	fn build_storage(self) -> Result<primitives::StorageMap, String> {
 		use codec::Encode;
 
 		Ok(map![
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/Cargo.toml
index 1b5637a2c3..c87da900bf 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ std = [
 	"substrate-runtime-io/std",
 	"substrate-runtime-support/std",
 	"substrate-runtime-primitives/std",
+	"substrate-runtime-consensus/std",
 	"serde/std",
 	"serde_derive",
 	"substrate-codec/std",
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/src/lib.rs
index 0d20bd6b58..21a1e8ee84 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/runtime/timestamp/src/lib.rs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn timestamp_works() {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(GenesisConfig::<Test> { period: 0 }.build_storage().unwrap());
-
+		let mut t = runtime_io::TestExternalities::from(t);
 		with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			Timestamp::set_timestamp(42);
 			assert_ok!(Timestamp::aux_dispatch(Call::set(69), &0));
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn double_timestamp_should_fail() {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(GenesisConfig::<Test> { period: 5 }.build_storage().unwrap());
-
+		let mut t = runtime_io::TestExternalities::from(t);
 		with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			Timestamp::set_timestamp(42);
 			assert_ok!(Timestamp::aux_dispatch(Call::set(69), &0));
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn block_period_is_enforced() {
 		let mut t = system::GenesisConfig::<Test>::default().build_storage().unwrap();
 		t.extend(GenesisConfig::<Test> { period: 5 }.build_storage().unwrap());
-
+		let mut t = runtime_io::TestExternalities::from(t);
 		with_externalities(&mut t, || {
 			Timestamp::set_timestamp(42);
 			let _ = Timestamp::aux_dispatch(Call::set(46), &0);
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/service/src/components.rs b/substrate/substrate/service/src/components.rs
index a6c83db888..d653168fbb 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/service/src/components.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/service/src/components.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ use substrate_executor::{NativeExecutor, NativeExecutionDispatch};
 use extrinsic_pool::{txpool::Options as ExtrinsicPoolOptions, api::ExtrinsicPool as ExtrinsicPoolApi};
 use runtime_primitives::{traits::Block as BlockT, traits::Header as HeaderT, generic::BlockId, BuildStorage};
 use config::Configuration;
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec, H256};
 
 // Type aliases.
 // These exist mainly to avoid typing `<F as Factory>::Foo` all over the code.
@@ -152,9 +153,9 @@ pub trait Components {
 	/// Associated service factory.
 	type Factory: ServiceFactory;
 	/// Client backend.
-	type Backend: 'static + client::backend::Backend<FactoryBlock<Self::Factory>>;
+	type Backend: 'static + client::backend::Backend<FactoryBlock<Self::Factory>, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>;
 	/// Client executor.
-	type Executor: 'static + client::CallExecutor<FactoryBlock<Self::Factory>> + Send + Sync;
+	type Executor: 'static + client::CallExecutor<FactoryBlock<Self::Factory>, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> + Send + Sync;
 	/// Extrinsic pool type.
 	type ExtrinsicPool: ExtrinsicPool<FactoryBlock<Self::Factory>>;
 
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ pub struct LightComponents<Factory: ServiceFactory> {
 
 impl<Factory: ServiceFactory> Components for LightComponents<Factory>
 	where
-		<<Factory as ServiceFactory>::Block as BlockT>::Hash: Into<[u8; 32]>,
+		<<Factory as ServiceFactory>::Block as BlockT>::Hash: Into<H256>,
 {
 	type Factory = Factory;
 	type Executor = LightExecutor<Factory>;
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ impl<Factory: ServiceFactory> Components for LightComponents<Factory>
 		};
 		let db_storage = client_db::light::LightStorage::new(db_settings)?;
 		let light_blockchain = client::light::new_light_blockchain(db_storage);
-		let fetch_checker = Arc::new(client::light::new_fetch_checker(executor));
+		let fetch_checker = Arc::new(client::light::new_fetch_checker::<_, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>(executor));
 		let fetcher = Arc::new(network::OnDemand::new(fetch_checker));
 		let client_backend = client::light::new_light_backend(light_blockchain, fetcher.clone());
 		let client = client::light::new_light(client_backend, fetcher.clone(), &config.chain_spec)?;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/service/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/service/src/lib.rs
index 9fcd157f73..a265ec41e1 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/service/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/service/src/lib.rs
@@ -210,7 +210,8 @@ impl<Components> Service<Components>
 				let chain = rpc::apis::chain::Chain::new(client.clone(), task_executor.clone());
 				let state = rpc::apis::state::State::new(client.clone(), task_executor.clone());
 				let author = rpc::apis::author::Author::new(client.clone(), extrinsic_pool.api(), task_executor.clone());
-				rpc::rpc_handler::<ComponentBlock<Components>, _, _, _, _>(
+
+				rpc::rpc_handler::<ComponentBlock<Components>, _, _, _, _, _>(
 					state,
 					chain,
 					author,
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/Cargo.toml
index 17b072c4c6..6e199f429b 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@ description = "Substrate State Machine"
 
 [dependencies]
 byteorder = "1.1"
-ethereum-types = "0.3"
 hex-literal = "0.1.0"
 log = "0.3"
 parking_lot = "0.4"
-triehash = "0.1"
+heapsize = "0.4"
 
 substrate-primitives = { path = "../primitives", version = "0.1.0" }
 
-hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
-memorydb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
-patricia-trie = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity.git" }
+hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+memorydb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+patricia-trie = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+triehash = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+rlp = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/backend.rs b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/backend.rs
index 1d3b2108f9..7db1e64d3f 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/backend.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/backend.rs
@@ -17,15 +17,22 @@
 //! State machine backends. These manage the code and storage of contracts.
 
 use std::{error, fmt};
+use std::cmp::Ord;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::Encodable;
 use trie_backend::{TryIntoTrieBackend, TrieBackend};
+use patricia_trie::{TrieDBMut, TrieMut, NodeCodec};
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
 
 /// A state backend is used to read state data and can have changes committed
 /// to it.
 ///
 /// The clone operation (if implemented) should be cheap.
-pub trait Backend: TryIntoTrieBackend {
+pub trait Backend<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>>: TryIntoTrieBackend<H, C> {
 	/// An error type when fetching data is not possible.
 	type Error: super::Error;
 
@@ -46,8 +53,10 @@ pub trait Backend: TryIntoTrieBackend {
 
 	/// Calculate the storage root, with given delta over what is already stored in
 	/// the backend, and produce a "transaction" that can be used to commit.
-	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> ([u8; 32], Self::Transaction)
-		where I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>;
+	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> (H::Out, Self::Transaction)
+	where
+		I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>,
+		H::Out: Ord + Encodable;
 
 	/// Get all key/value pairs into a Vec.
 	fn pairs(&self) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)>;
@@ -70,22 +79,40 @@ impl error::Error for Void {
 
 /// In-memory backend. Fully recomputes tries on each commit but useful for
 /// tests.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct InMemory {
+#[derive(Eq)]
+pub struct InMemory<H, C> {
 	inner: Arc<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>>,
+	_hasher: PhantomData<H>,
+	_codec: PhantomData<C>,
 }
 
-impl Default for InMemory {
+impl<H, C> Default for InMemory<H, C> {
 	fn default() -> Self {
 		InMemory {
 			inner: Arc::new(Default::default()),
+			_hasher: PhantomData,
+			_codec: PhantomData,
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-impl InMemory {
+impl<H, C> Clone for InMemory<H, C> {
+	fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+		InMemory {
+			inner: self.inner.clone(), _hasher: PhantomData, _codec: PhantomData,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl<H, C> PartialEq for InMemory<H, C> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+		self.inner.eq(&other.inner)
+	}
+}
+
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> InMemory<H, C> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
 	/// Copy the state, with applied updates
-	pub fn update(&self, changes: <Self as Backend>::Transaction) -> Self {
+	pub fn update(&self, changes: <Self as Backend<H, C>>::Transaction) -> Self {
 		let mut inner: HashMap<_, _> = (&*self.inner).clone();
 		for (key, val) in changes {
 			match val {
@@ -98,17 +125,17 @@ impl InMemory {
 	}
 }
 
-impl From<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>> for InMemory {
+impl<H, C> From<HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>> for InMemory<H, C> {
 	fn from(inner: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>) -> Self {
 		InMemory {
-			inner: Arc::new(inner),
+			inner: Arc::new(inner), _hasher: PhantomData, _codec: PhantomData
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl super::Error for Void {}
 
-impl Backend for InMemory {
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> Backend<H, C> for InMemory<H, C> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
 	type Error = Void;
 	type Transaction = Vec<(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>;
 
@@ -124,17 +151,19 @@ impl Backend for InMemory {
 		self.inner.keys().filter(|key| key.starts_with(prefix)).map(|k| &**k).for_each(f);
 	}
 
-	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> ([u8; 32], Self::Transaction)
-		where I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>
+	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> (H::Out, Self::Transaction)
+	where
+		I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>,
+		<H as Hasher>::Out: Ord + Encodable,
 	{
 		let existing_pairs = self.inner.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), Some(v.clone())));
 
 		let transaction: Vec<_> = delta.into_iter().collect();
-		let root = ::triehash::trie_root(existing_pairs.chain(transaction.iter().cloned())
+		let root = ::triehash::trie_root::<H, _, _, _>(existing_pairs.chain(transaction.iter().cloned())
 			.collect::<HashMap<_, _>>()
 			.into_iter()
 			.filter_map(|(k, maybe_val)| maybe_val.map(|val| (k, val)))
-		).0;
+		);
 
 		(root, transaction)
 	}
@@ -144,16 +173,13 @@ impl Backend for InMemory {
 	}
 }
 
-impl TryIntoTrieBackend for InMemory {
-	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend> {
-		use ethereum_types::H256 as TrieH256;
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> TryIntoTrieBackend<H, C> for InMemory<H, C> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
+	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend<H, C>> {
 		use memorydb::MemoryDB;
-		use patricia_trie::{TrieDBMut, TrieMut};
-
-		let mut root = TrieH256::default();
-		let mut mdb = MemoryDB::default();
+		let mut root = <H as Hasher>::Out::default();
+		let mut mdb = MemoryDB::new();
 		{
-			let mut trie = TrieDBMut::new(&mut mdb, &mut root);
+			let mut trie = TrieDBMut::<H, C>::new(&mut mdb, &mut root);
 			for (key, value) in self.inner.iter() {
 				if let Err(e) = trie.insert(&key, &value) {
 					warn!(target: "trie", "Failed to write to trie: {}", e);
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/ext.rs b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/ext.rs
index 5a8ba096f5..43129e9894 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/ext.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/ext.rs
@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 //! Conrete externalities implementation.
 
-use std::{error, fmt};
+use std::{error, fmt, cmp::Ord};
 use backend::Backend;
 use {Externalities, OverlayedChanges};
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::Encodable;
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
 
 /// Errors that can occur when interacting with the externalities.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -50,16 +53,27 @@ impl<B: error::Error, E: error::Error> error::Error for Error<B, E> {
 }
 
 /// Wraps a read-only backend, call executor, and current overlayed changes.
-pub struct Ext<'a, B: 'a + Backend> {
+pub struct Ext<'a, H, C, B>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	B: 'a + Backend<H, C>,
+{
 	// The overlayed changes to write to.
 	overlay: &'a mut OverlayedChanges,
 	// The storage backend to read from.
 	backend: &'a B,
 	// The transaction necessary to commit to the backend.
-	transaction: Option<(B::Transaction, [u8; 32])>,
+	transaction: Option<(B::Transaction, H::Out)>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, B: 'a + Backend> Ext<'a, B> {
+impl<'a, H, C, B> Ext<'a, H, C, B>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	B: 'a + Backend<H, C>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable
+{
 	/// Create a new `Ext` from overlayed changes and read-only backend
 	pub fn new(overlay: &'a mut OverlayedChanges, backend: &'a B) -> Self {
 		Ext {
@@ -84,7 +98,12 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + Backend> Ext<'a, B> {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-impl<'a, B: 'a + Backend> Ext<'a, B> {
+impl<'a, H, C, B> Ext<'a, H, C, B>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	B: 'a + Backend<H,C>,
+{
 	pub fn storage_pairs(&self) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
 		use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -99,8 +118,12 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a + Backend> Ext<'a, B> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a, B: 'a> Externalities for Ext<'a, B>
-	where B: Backend
+impl<'a, B: 'a, H, C> Externalities<H> for Ext<'a, H, C, B>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	B: 'a + Backend<H, C>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable
 {
 	fn storage(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
 		self.overlay.storage(key).map(|x| x.map(|x| x.to_vec())).unwrap_or_else(||
@@ -131,7 +154,7 @@ impl<'a, B: 'a> Externalities for Ext<'a, B>
 		42
 	}
 
-	fn storage_root(&mut self) -> [u8; 32] {
+	fn storage_root(&mut self) -> H::Out {
 		if let Some((_, ref root)) =  self.transaction {
 			return root.clone();
 		}
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/lib.rs
index 9b0afc37bb..17ccc41228 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,17 +24,23 @@ extern crate hex_literal;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate log;
 
-extern crate ethereum_types;
 extern crate hashdb;
 extern crate memorydb;
 extern crate triehash;
 extern crate patricia_trie;
-
 extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate parking_lot;
+extern crate rlp;
+extern crate heapsize;
+#[cfg(test)]
+extern crate substrate_primitives as primitives;
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fmt;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use patricia_trie::NodeCodec;
+use rlp::Encodable;
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
 
 pub mod backend;
 mod ext;
@@ -45,7 +51,7 @@ mod trie_backend;
 pub use testing::TestExternalities;
 pub use ext::Ext;
 pub use backend::Backend;
-pub use trie_backend::{TryIntoTrieBackend, TrieBackend, TrieH256, Storage, DBValue};
+pub use trie_backend::{TryIntoTrieBackend, TrieBackend, Storage, DBValue};
 
 /// The overlayed changes to state to be queried on top of the backend.
 ///
@@ -158,7 +164,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ExecutionError {
 }
 
 /// Externalities: pinned to specific active address.
-pub trait Externalities {
+pub trait Externalities<H: Hasher> {
 	/// Read storage of current contract being called.
 	fn storage(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
 
@@ -187,17 +193,17 @@ pub trait Externalities {
 	fn chain_id(&self) -> u64;
 
 	/// Get the trie root of the current storage map.
-	fn storage_root(&mut self) -> [u8; 32];
+	fn storage_root(&mut self) -> H::Out where H::Out: Ord + Encodable;
 }
 
 /// Code execution engine.
-pub trait CodeExecutor: Sized + Send + Sync {
+pub trait CodeExecutor<H: Hasher>: Sized + Send + Sync {
 	/// Externalities error type.
 	type Error: Error;
 
 	/// Call a given method in the runtime. Returns a tuple of the result (either the output data
 	/// or an execution error) together with a `bool`, which is true if native execution was used.
-	fn call<E: Externalities>(
+	fn call<E: Externalities<H>>(
 		&self,
 		ext: &mut E,
 		code: &[u8],
@@ -256,14 +262,21 @@ pub fn always_wasm<E>() -> ExecutionManager<fn(Result<Vec<u8>, E>, Result<Vec<u8
 ///
 /// Note: changes to code will be in place if this call is made again. For running partial
 /// blocks (e.g. a transaction at a time), ensure a different method is used.
-pub fn execute<B: backend::Backend, Exec: CodeExecutor>(
+pub fn execute<H, C, B, Exec>(
 	backend: &B,
 	overlay: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 	exec: &Exec,
 	method: &str,
 	call_data: &[u8],
 	strategy: ExecutionStrategy,
-) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, B::Transaction), Box<Error>> {
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, B::Transaction), Box<Error>>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	Exec: CodeExecutor<H>,
+	B: Backend<H, C>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable
+{
 	execute_using_consensus_failure_handler(
 		backend,
 		overlay,
@@ -289,18 +302,22 @@ pub fn execute<B: backend::Backend, Exec: CodeExecutor>(
 ///
 /// Note: changes to code will be in place if this call is made again. For running partial
 /// blocks (e.g. a transaction at a time), ensure a different method is used.
-pub fn execute_using_consensus_failure_handler<
-	B: backend::Backend,
-	Exec: CodeExecutor,
-	Handler: FnOnce(Result<Vec<u8>, Exec::Error>, Result<Vec<u8>, Exec::Error>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Exec::Error>
->(
+pub fn execute_using_consensus_failure_handler<H, C, B, Exec, Handler>(
 	backend: &B,
 	overlay: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 	exec: &Exec,
 	method: &str,
 	call_data: &[u8],
 	manager: ExecutionManager<Handler>,
-) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, B::Transaction), Box<Error>> {
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, B::Transaction), Box<Error>>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	Exec: CodeExecutor<H>,
+	B: Backend<H, C>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable,
+	Handler: FnOnce(Result<Vec<u8>, Exec::Error>, Result<Vec<u8>, Exec::Error>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Exec::Error>
+{
 	let strategy: ExecutionStrategy = (&manager).into();
 
 	// make a copy.
@@ -378,55 +395,77 @@ pub fn execute_using_consensus_failure_handler<
 ///
 /// Note: changes to code will be in place if this call is made again. For running partial
 /// blocks (e.g. a transaction at a time), ensure a different method is used.
-pub fn prove_execution<B: TryIntoTrieBackend, Exec: CodeExecutor>(
+pub fn prove_execution<H, C, B, Exec>(
 	backend: B,
 	overlay: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 	exec: &Exec,
 	method: &str,
 	call_data: &[u8],
-) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<u8>>, <TrieBackend as Backend>::Transaction), Box<Error>> {
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<u8>>, <TrieBackend<H, C> as Backend<H, C>>::Transaction), Box<Error>>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	Exec: CodeExecutor<H>,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	B: TryIntoTrieBackend<H, C>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf,
+{
 	let trie_backend = backend.try_into_trie_backend()
 		.ok_or_else(|| Box::new(ExecutionError::UnableToGenerateProof) as Box<Error>)?;
 	let proving_backend = proving_backend::ProvingBackend::new(trie_backend);
-	let (result, transaction) = execute(&proving_backend, overlay, exec, method, call_data, ExecutionStrategy::NativeWhenPossible)?;
+	let (result, transaction) = execute::<H, C, _, _>(&proving_backend, overlay, exec, method, call_data, ExecutionStrategy::NativeWhenPossible)?;
 	let proof = proving_backend.extract_proof();
 	Ok((result, proof, transaction))
 }
 
 /// Check execution proof, generated by `prove_execution` call.
-pub fn execution_proof_check<Exec: CodeExecutor>(
-	root: [u8; 32],
+pub fn execution_proof_check<H, C, Exec>(
+	root: H::Out,
 	proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
 	overlay: &mut OverlayedChanges,
 	exec: &Exec,
 	method: &str,
 	call_data: &[u8],
-) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, memorydb::MemoryDB), Box<Error>> {
-	let backend = proving_backend::create_proof_check_backend(root.into(), proof)?;
-	execute(&backend, overlay, exec, method, call_data, ExecutionStrategy::NativeWhenPossible)
+) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, memorydb::MemoryDB<H>), Box<Error>>
+where
+H: Hasher,
+C: NodeCodec<H>,
+Exec: CodeExecutor<H>,
+H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf,
+{
+	let backend = proving_backend::create_proof_check_backend::<H, C>(root.into(), proof)?;
+	execute::<H, C, _, _>(&backend, overlay, exec, method, call_data, ExecutionStrategy::NativeWhenPossible)
 }
 
 /// Generate storage read proof.
-pub fn prove_read<B: TryIntoTrieBackend>(
+pub fn prove_read<B, H, C>(
 	backend: B,
-	key: &[u8],
+	key: &[u8]
 ) -> Result<(Option<Vec<u8>>, Vec<Vec<u8>>), Box<Error>>
+where
+	B: TryIntoTrieBackend<H, C>,
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf
 {
 	let trie_backend = backend.try_into_trie_backend()
 		.ok_or_else(|| Box::new(ExecutionError::UnableToGenerateProof) as Box<Error>)?;
-	let proving_backend = proving_backend::ProvingBackend::new(trie_backend);
+	let proving_backend = proving_backend::ProvingBackend::<H, C>::new(trie_backend);
 	let result = proving_backend.storage(key).map_err(|e| Box::new(e) as Box<Error>)?;
 	Ok((result, proving_backend.extract_proof()))
 }
 
 /// Check storage read proof, generated by `prove_read` call.
-pub fn read_proof_check(
-	root: [u8; 32],
+pub fn read_proof_check<H, C>(
+	root: H::Out,
 	proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
 	key: &[u8],
 ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Box<Error>>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf
 {
-	let backend = proving_backend::create_proof_check_backend(root.into(), proof)?;
+	let backend = proving_backend::create_proof_check_backend::<H, C>(root, proof)?;
 	backend.storage(key).map_err(|e| Box::new(e) as Box<Error>)
 }
 
@@ -435,6 +474,7 @@ mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use super::backend::InMemory;
 	use super::ext::Ext;
+	use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec, H256};
 
 	struct DummyCodeExecutor {
 		native_available: bool,
@@ -442,10 +482,10 @@ mod tests {
 		fallback_succeeds: bool,
 	}
 
-	impl CodeExecutor for DummyCodeExecutor {
+	impl<H: Hasher> CodeExecutor<H> for DummyCodeExecutor {
 		type Error = u8;
 
-		fn call<E: Externalities>(
+		fn call<E: Externalities<H>>(
 			&self,
 			ext: &mut E,
 			_code: &[u8],
@@ -506,7 +546,7 @@ mod tests {
 			b"dogglesworth".to_vec() => b"catXXX".to_vec(),
 			b"doug".to_vec() => b"notadog".to_vec()
 		];
-		let backend = InMemory::from(initial);
+		let backend = InMemory::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>::from(initial);
 		let mut overlay = OverlayedChanges {
 			committed: map![
 				b"dog".to_vec() => Some(b"puppy".to_vec()),
@@ -519,8 +559,11 @@ mod tests {
 			],
 		};
 		let mut ext = Ext::new(&mut overlay, &backend);
+		// Blake
+		// const ROOT: [u8; 32] = hex!("6ca394ff9b13d6690a51dea30b1b5c43108e52944d30b9095227c49bae03ff8b");
+		// Keccak
 		const ROOT: [u8; 32] = hex!("8aad789dff2f538bca5d8ea56e8abe10f4c7ba3a5dea95fea4cd6e7c3a1168d3");
-		assert_eq!(ext.storage_root(), ROOT);
+		assert_eq!(ext.storage_root(), H256(ROOT));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
@@ -576,7 +619,7 @@ mod tests {
 			&mut Default::default(), &executor, "test", &[]).unwrap();
 
 		// check proof locally
-		let (local_result, _) = execution_proof_check(remote_root, remote_proof,
+        let (local_result, _) = execution_proof_check::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec,_,>(remote_root, remote_proof,
 			&mut Default::default(), &executor, "test", &[]).unwrap();
 
 		// check that both results are correct
@@ -592,7 +635,7 @@ mod tests {
 			b"abc".to_vec() => b"2".to_vec(),
 			b"bbb".to_vec() => b"3".to_vec()
 		];
-		let backend = InMemory::from(initial).try_into_trie_backend().unwrap();
+		let backend = InMemory::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>::from(initial).try_into_trie_backend().unwrap();
 		let mut overlay = OverlayedChanges {
 			committed: map![
 				b"aba".to_vec() => Some(b"1312".to_vec()),
@@ -631,8 +674,8 @@ mod tests {
 		let remote_root = remote_backend.storage_root(::std::iter::empty()).0;
 		let remote_proof = prove_read(remote_backend, b"value2").unwrap().1;
  		// check proof locally
-		let local_result1 = read_proof_check(remote_root, remote_proof.clone(), b"value2").unwrap();
-		let local_result2 = read_proof_check(remote_root, remote_proof.clone(), &[0xff]).is_ok();
+		let local_result1 = read_proof_check::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>(remote_root, remote_proof.clone(), b"value2").unwrap();
+		let local_result2 = read_proof_check::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>(remote_root, remote_proof.clone(), &[0xff]).is_ok();
  		// check that results are correct
 		assert_eq!(local_result1, Some(vec![24]));
 		assert_eq!(local_result2, false);
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/proving_backend.rs b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/proving_backend.rs
index 70961adc96..db8d142452 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/proving_backend.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/proving_backend.rs
@@ -17,23 +17,24 @@
 //! Proving state machine backend.
 
 use std::cell::RefCell;
-use ethereum_types::H256 as TrieH256;
-use hashdb::HashDB;
+use hashdb::{Hasher, HashDB};
 use memorydb::MemoryDB;
-use patricia_trie::{TrieDB, TrieError, Trie, Recorder};
+use patricia_trie::{TrieDB, Trie, Recorder, NodeCodec};
 use trie_backend::{TrieBackend, Ephemeral};
 use {Error, ExecutionError, Backend, TryIntoTrieBackend};
+use rlp::Encodable;
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
 
 /// Patricia trie-based backend which also tracks all touched storage trie values.
 /// These can be sent to remote node and used as a proof of execution.
-pub struct ProvingBackend {
-	backend: TrieBackend,
-	proof_recorder: RefCell<Recorder>,
+pub struct ProvingBackend<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> {
+	backend: TrieBackend<H, C>,
+	proof_recorder: RefCell<Recorder<H::Out>>,
 }
 
-impl ProvingBackend {
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> ProvingBackend<H, C> {
 	/// Create new proving backend.
-	pub fn new(backend: TrieBackend) -> Self {
+	pub fn new(backend: TrieBackend<H, C>) -> Self {
 		ProvingBackend {
 			backend,
 			proof_recorder: RefCell::new(Recorder::new()),
@@ -50,22 +51,26 @@ impl ProvingBackend {
 	}
 }
 
-impl Backend for ProvingBackend {
+impl<H, C> Backend<H, C> for ProvingBackend<H, C>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	H::Out: Ord + Encodable + HeapSizeOf
+{
 	type Error = String;
-	type Transaction = MemoryDB;
+	type Transaction = MemoryDB<H>;
 
 	fn storage(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
-		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::default();
+		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::new();
 		let eph = Ephemeral::new(
 			self.backend.backend_storage(),
 			&mut read_overlay,
 		);
-
-		let map_e = |e: Box<TrieError>| format!("Trie lookup error: {}", e);
+		let map_e = |e| format!("Trie lookup error: {}", e);
 
 		let mut proof_recorder = self.proof_recorder.try_borrow_mut()
 			.expect("only fails when already borrowed; storage() is non-reentrant; qed");
-		TrieDB::new(&eph, &self.backend.root()).map_err(map_e)?
+		TrieDB::<H, C>::new(&eph, &self.backend.root()).map_err(map_e)?
 			.get_with(key, &mut *proof_recorder).map(|x| x.map(|val| val.to_vec())).map_err(map_e)
 	}
 
@@ -77,21 +82,29 @@ impl Backend for ProvingBackend {
 		self.backend.pairs()
 	}
 
-	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> ([u8; 32], MemoryDB)
+	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> (H::Out, MemoryDB<H>)
 		where I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>
 	{
 		self.backend.storage_root(delta)
 	}
 }
 
-impl TryIntoTrieBackend for ProvingBackend {
-	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend> {
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> TryIntoTrieBackend<H, C> for ProvingBackend<H, C> {
+	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend<H, C>> {
 		None
 	}
 }
 
 /// Create proof check backend.
-pub fn create_proof_check_backend(root: TrieH256, proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>) -> Result<TrieBackend, Box<Error>> {
+pub fn create_proof_check_backend<H, C>(
+	root: H::Out,
+	proof: Vec<Vec<u8>>
+) -> Result<TrieBackend<H, C>, Box<Error>>
+where
+	H: Hasher,
+	C: NodeCodec<H>,
+	H::Out: HeapSizeOf,
+{
 	let mut db = MemoryDB::new();
 	for item in proof {
 		db.insert(&item);
@@ -110,8 +123,9 @@ mod tests {
 	use backend::{InMemory};
 	use trie_backend::tests::test_trie;
 	use super::*;
+	use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
-	fn test_proving() -> ProvingBackend {
+	fn test_proving() -> ProvingBackend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> {
 		ProvingBackend::new(test_trie())
 	}
 
@@ -129,7 +143,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn proof_is_invalid_when_does_not_contains_root() {
-		assert!(create_proof_check_backend(1.into(), vec![]).is_err());
+		assert!(create_proof_check_backend::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>(1.into(), vec![]).is_err());
 	}
 
 	#[test]
@@ -148,7 +162,7 @@ mod tests {
 	#[test]
 	fn proof_recorded_and_checked() {
 		let contents = (0..64).map(|i| (vec![i], Some(vec![i]))).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-		let in_memory = InMemory::default();
+		let in_memory = InMemory::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>::default();
 		let in_memory = in_memory.update(contents);
 		let in_memory_root = in_memory.storage_root(::std::iter::empty()).0;
 		(0..64).for_each(|i| assert_eq!(in_memory.storage(&[i]).unwrap().unwrap(), vec![i]));
@@ -163,7 +177,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 		let proof = proving.extract_proof();
 
-		let proof_check = create_proof_check_backend(in_memory_root.into(), proof).unwrap();
+		let proof_check = create_proof_check_backend::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>(in_memory_root.into(), proof).unwrap();
 		assert_eq!(proof_check.storage(&[42]).unwrap().unwrap(), vec![42]);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/testing.rs b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/testing.rs
index 7b85b523cd..955cb77464 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/testing.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/testing.rs
@@ -17,48 +17,105 @@
 //! Test implementation for Externalities.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::cmp::Ord;
 use super::Externalities;
 use triehash::trie_root;
+use hashdb::Hasher;
+use rlp::Encodable;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::iter::FromIterator;
 
-/// Simple HashMap based Externalities impl.
-pub type TestExternalities = HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>;
+/// Simple HashMap-based Externalities impl.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct TestExternalities<H> {
+	inner: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>,
+	_hasher: PhantomData<H>,
+}
 
-impl Externalities for TestExternalities {
+impl<H: Hasher> TestExternalities<H> {
+	/// Create a new instance of `TestExternalities`
+	pub fn new() -> Self {
+		TestExternalities {inner: HashMap::new(), _hasher: PhantomData}
+	}
+	/// Insert key/value
+	pub fn insert(&mut self, k: Vec<u8>, v: Vec<u8>) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+		self.inner.insert(k, v)
+	}
+}
+
+impl<H: Hasher> PartialEq for TestExternalities<H> {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &TestExternalities<H>) -> bool {
+		self.inner.eq(&other.inner)
+	}
+}
+
+impl<H: Hasher> FromIterator<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> for TestExternalities<H> {
+	fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)>>(iter: I) -> Self {
+		let mut t = Self::new();
+		for i in iter {
+			t.inner.insert(i.0, i.1);
+		}
+		t
+	}
+}
+
+impl<H: Hasher> Default for TestExternalities<H> {
+	fn default() -> Self { Self::new() }
+}
+
+impl<H: Hasher> From<TestExternalities<H>> for HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>> {
+	fn from(tex: TestExternalities<H>) -> Self {
+		tex.inner.into()
+	}
+}
+
+impl<H: Hasher> From< HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>> > for TestExternalities<H> {
+	fn from(hashmap: HashMap<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>) -> Self {
+		TestExternalities { inner: hashmap, _hasher: PhantomData }
+	}
+}
+
+
+impl<H: Hasher> Externalities<H> for TestExternalities<H> where H::Out: Ord + Encodable {
 	fn storage(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
-		self.get(key).map(|x| x.to_vec())
+		self.inner.get(key).map(|x| x.to_vec())
 	}
 
 	fn place_storage(&mut self, key: Vec<u8>, maybe_value: Option<Vec<u8>>) {
 		match maybe_value {
-			Some(value) => { self.insert(key, value); }
-			None => { self.remove(&key); }
+			Some(value) => { self.inner.insert(key, value); }
+			None => { self.inner.remove(&key); }
 		}
 	}
 
 	fn clear_prefix(&mut self, prefix: &[u8]) {
-		self.retain(|key, _|
+		self.inner.retain(|key, _|
 			!key.starts_with(prefix)
 		)
 	}
 
 	fn chain_id(&self) -> u64 { 42 }
 
-	fn storage_root(&mut self) -> [u8; 32] {
-		trie_root(self.clone()).0
+	fn storage_root(&mut self) -> H::Out {
+		trie_root::<H, _, _, _>(self.inner.clone())
 	}
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
+	use primitives::{KeccakHasher, H256};
 
 	#[test]
 	fn commit_should_work() {
-		let mut ext = TestExternalities::new();
+		let mut ext = TestExternalities::<KeccakHasher>::new();
 		ext.set_storage(b"doe".to_vec(), b"reindeer".to_vec());
 		ext.set_storage(b"dog".to_vec(), b"puppy".to_vec());
 		ext.set_storage(b"dogglesworth".to_vec(), b"cat".to_vec());
+		// Blake
+		// const ROOT: [u8; 32] = hex!("6ca394ff9b13d6690a51dea30b1b5c43108e52944d30b9095227c49bae03ff8b");
+		// Keccak
 		const ROOT: [u8; 32] = hex!("8aad789dff2f538bca5d8ea56e8abe10f4c7ba3a5dea95fea4cd6e7c3a1168d3");
-		assert_eq!(ext.storage_root(), ROOT);
+		assert_eq!(ext.storage_root(), H256(ROOT));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/trie_backend.rs b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/trie_backend.rs
index 629dd3ddb3..b9d45d45a7 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/trie_backend.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/state-machine/src/trie_backend.rs
@@ -15,101 +15,104 @@
 // along with Substrate.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 //! Trie-based state machine backend.
-
+use Backend;
+use hashdb::{Hasher, HashDB, AsHashDB};
+use memorydb::MemoryDB;
+use patricia_trie::{TrieDB, TrieDBMut, TrieError, Trie, TrieMut, NodeCodec};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use hashdb::HashDB;
-use memorydb::MemoryDB;
-use patricia_trie::{TrieDB, TrieDBMut, TrieError, Trie, TrieMut};
-use {Backend};
-pub use ethereum_types::H256 as TrieH256;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use heapsize::HeapSizeOf;
+
 pub use hashdb::DBValue;
 
 /// Backend trie storage trait.
-pub trait Storage: Send + Sync {
+pub trait Storage<H: Hasher>: Send + Sync {
 	/// Get a trie node.
-	fn get(&self, key: &TrieH256) -> Result<Option<DBValue>, String>;
+	fn get(&self, key: &H::Out) -> Result<Option<DBValue>, String>;
 }
 
 /// Try convert into trie-based backend.
-pub trait TryIntoTrieBackend {
+pub trait TryIntoTrieBackend<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> {
 	/// Try to convert self into trie backend.
-	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend>;
+	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend<H, C>>;
 }
 
 /// Patricia trie-based backend. Transaction type is an overlay of changes to commit.
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct TrieBackend {
-	storage: TrieBackendStorage,
-	root: TrieH256,
+pub struct TrieBackend<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> {
+	storage: TrieBackendStorage<H>,
+	root: H::Out,
+	_codec: PhantomData<C>
 }
 
-impl TrieBackend {
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> TrieBackend<H, C> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
 	/// Create new trie-based backend.
-	pub fn with_storage(db: Arc<Storage>, root: TrieH256) -> Self {
+	pub fn with_storage(db: Arc<Storage<H>>, root: H::Out) -> Self {
 		TrieBackend {
 			storage: TrieBackendStorage::Storage(db),
 			root,
+			_codec: PhantomData,
 		}
 	}
 
 	/// Create new trie-based backend for genesis block.
-	pub fn with_storage_for_genesis(db: Arc<Storage>) -> Self {
-		let mut root = TrieH256::default();
-		let mut mdb = MemoryDB::default();
-		TrieDBMut::new(&mut mdb, &mut root);
+	pub fn with_storage_for_genesis(db: Arc<Storage<H>>) -> Self {
+		let mut root = <H as Hasher>::Out::default();
+		let mut mdb = MemoryDB::<H>::new();
+		TrieDBMut::<H, C>::new(&mut mdb, &mut root);
 
 		Self::with_storage(db, root)
 	}
 
 	/// Create new trie-based backend backed by MemoryDb storage.
-	pub fn with_memorydb(db: MemoryDB, root: TrieH256) -> Self {
+	pub fn with_memorydb(db: MemoryDB<H>, root: H::Out) -> Self {
 		// TODO: check that root is a part of db???
 		TrieBackend {
 			storage: TrieBackendStorage::MemoryDb(db),
 			root,
+			_codec: PhantomData,
 		}
 	}
 
 	/// Get backend storage reference.
-	pub fn backend_storage(&self) -> &TrieBackendStorage {
+	pub fn backend_storage(&self) -> &TrieBackendStorage<H> {
 		&self.storage
 	}
 
 	/// Get trie root.
-	pub fn root(&self) -> &TrieH256 {
+	pub fn root(&self) -> &H::Out {
 		&self.root
 	}
 }
 
 impl super::Error for String {}
 
-impl Backend for TrieBackend {
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> Backend<H, C> for TrieBackend<H, C> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
 	type Error = String;
-	type Transaction = MemoryDB;
+	type Transaction = MemoryDB<H>;
 
 	fn storage(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
-		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::default();
+		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::new();
 		let eph = Ephemeral {
 			storage: &self.storage,
 			overlay: &mut read_overlay,
 		};
 
-		let map_e = |e: Box<TrieError>| format!("Trie lookup error: {}", e);
-
-		TrieDB::new(&eph, &self.root).map_err(map_e)?
+		let map_e = |e| format!("Trie lookup error: {}", e);
+		TrieDB::<H, C>::new(&eph, &self.root).map_err(map_e)?
 			.get(key).map(|x| x.map(|val| val.to_vec())).map_err(map_e)
 	}
 
 	fn for_keys_with_prefix<F: FnMut(&[u8])>(&self, prefix: &[u8], mut f: F) {
-		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::default();
+		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::new();
 		let eph = Ephemeral {
 			storage: &self.storage,
 			overlay: &mut read_overlay,
 		};
 
-		let mut iter = move || -> Result<(), Box<TrieError>> {
-			let trie = TrieDB::new(&eph, &self.root)?;
+		let mut iter = move || -> Result<(), Box<TrieError<H::Out, C::Error>>> {
+			let trie = TrieDB::<H, C>::new(&eph, &self.root)?;
 			let mut iter = trie.iter()?;
 
 			iter.seek(prefix)?;
@@ -133,14 +136,14 @@ impl Backend for TrieBackend {
 	}
 
 	fn pairs(&self) -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>)> {
-		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::default();
+		let mut read_overlay = MemoryDB::new();
 		let eph = Ephemeral {
 			storage: &self.storage,
 			overlay: &mut read_overlay,
 		};
 
-		let collect_all = || -> Result<_, Box<TrieError>> {
-			let trie = TrieDB::new(&eph, &self.root)?;
+		let collect_all = || -> Result<_, Box<TrieError<H::Out, C::Error>>> {
+			let trie = TrieDB::<H, C>::new(&eph, &self.root)?;
 			let mut v = Vec::new();
 			for x in trie.iter()? {
 				let (key, value) = x?;
@@ -159,10 +162,10 @@ impl Backend for TrieBackend {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> ([u8; 32], MemoryDB)
+	fn storage_root<I>(&self, delta: I) -> (H::Out, MemoryDB<H>)
 		where I: IntoIterator<Item=(Vec<u8>, Option<Vec<u8>>)>
 	{
-		let mut write_overlay = MemoryDB::default();
+		let mut write_overlay = MemoryDB::new();
 		let mut root = self.root;
 		{
 			let mut eph = Ephemeral {
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ impl Backend for TrieBackend {
 				overlay: &mut write_overlay,
 			};
 
-			let mut trie = TrieDBMut::from_existing(&mut eph, &mut root).expect("prior state root to exist"); // TODO: handle gracefully
+			let mut trie = TrieDBMut::<H, C>::from_existing(&mut eph, &mut root).expect("prior state root to exist"); // TODO: handle gracefully
 			for (key, change) in delta {
 				let result = match change {
 					Some(val) => trie.insert(&key, &val),
@@ -183,23 +186,28 @@ impl Backend for TrieBackend {
 			}
 		}
 
-		(root.0.into(), write_overlay)
+		(root, write_overlay)
 	}
 }
 
-impl TryIntoTrieBackend for TrieBackend {
-	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend> {
+impl<H: Hasher, C: NodeCodec<H>> TryIntoTrieBackend<H, C> for TrieBackend<H, C> {
+	fn try_into_trie_backend(self) -> Option<TrieBackend<H, C>> {
 		Some(self)
 	}
 }
 
-pub struct Ephemeral<'a> {
-	storage: &'a TrieBackendStorage,
-	overlay: &'a mut MemoryDB,
+pub struct Ephemeral<'a, H: 'a + Hasher> {
+	storage: &'a TrieBackendStorage<H>,
+	overlay: &'a mut MemoryDB<H>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Ephemeral<'a> {
-	pub fn new(storage: &'a TrieBackendStorage, overlay: &'a mut MemoryDB) -> Self {
+impl<'a, H: Hasher> AsHashDB<H> for Ephemeral<'a, H> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
+	fn as_hashdb(&self) -> &HashDB<H> { self }
+	fn as_hashdb_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HashDB<H> { self }
+}
+
+impl<'a, H: Hasher> Ephemeral<'a, H> {
+	pub fn new(storage: &'a TrieBackendStorage<H>, overlay: &'a mut MemoryDB<H>) -> Self {
 		Ephemeral {
 			storage,
 			overlay,
@@ -207,12 +215,12 @@ impl<'a> Ephemeral<'a> {
 	}
 }
 
-impl<'a> HashDB for Ephemeral<'a> {
-	fn keys(&self) -> HashMap<TrieH256, i32> {
+impl<'a, H: Hasher> HashDB<H> for Ephemeral<'a, H> where H::Out: HeapSizeOf {
+	fn keys(&self) -> HashMap<H::Out, i32> {
 		self.overlay.keys() // TODO: iterate backing
 	}
 
-	fn get(&self, key: &TrieH256) -> Option<DBValue> {
+	fn get(&self, key: &H::Out) -> Option<DBValue> {
 		match self.overlay.raw(key) {
 			Some((val, i)) => {
 				if i <= 0 {
@@ -221,7 +229,7 @@ impl<'a> HashDB for Ephemeral<'a> {
 					Some(val)
 				}
 			}
-			None => match self.storage.get(&key) {
+			None => match self.storage.get(key) {
 				Ok(x) => x,
 				Err(e) => {
 					warn!(target: "trie", "Failed to read from DB: {}", e);
@@ -231,33 +239,33 @@ impl<'a> HashDB for Ephemeral<'a> {
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn contains(&self, key: &TrieH256) -> bool {
+	fn contains(&self, key: &H::Out) -> bool {
 		self.get(key).is_some()
 	}
 
-	fn insert(&mut self, value: &[u8]) -> TrieH256 {
+	fn insert(&mut self, value: &[u8]) -> H::Out {
 		self.overlay.insert(value)
 	}
 
-	fn emplace(&mut self, key: TrieH256, value: DBValue) {
+	fn emplace(&mut self, key: H::Out, value: DBValue) {
 		self.overlay.emplace(key, value)
 	}
 
-	fn remove(&mut self, key: &TrieH256) {
+	fn remove(&mut self, key: &H::Out) {
 		self.overlay.remove(key)
 	}
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub enum TrieBackendStorage {
+pub enum TrieBackendStorage<H: Hasher> {
 	/// Key value db + storage column.
-	Storage(Arc<Storage>),
+	Storage(Arc<Storage<H>>),
 	/// Hash db.
-	MemoryDb(MemoryDB),
+	MemoryDb(MemoryDB<H>),
 }
 
-impl TrieBackendStorage {
-	pub fn get(&self, key: &TrieH256) -> Result<Option<DBValue>, String> {
+impl<H: Hasher> TrieBackendStorage<H> {
+	pub fn get(&self, key: &H::Out) -> Result<Option<DBValue>, String> {
 		match *self {
 			TrieBackendStorage::Storage(ref db) =>
 				db.get(key)
@@ -272,24 +280,25 @@ impl TrieBackendStorage {
 pub mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use std::collections::HashSet;
+	use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec, H256};
 
-	fn test_db() -> (MemoryDB, TrieH256) {
-		let mut root = TrieH256::default();
-		let mut mdb = MemoryDB::default();
+	fn test_db() -> (MemoryDB<KeccakHasher>, H256) {
+		let mut root = H256::default();
+		let mut mdb = MemoryDB::<KeccakHasher>::new();
 		{
-			let mut trie = TrieDBMut::new(&mut mdb, &mut root);
-			trie.insert(b"key", b"value").unwrap();
-			trie.insert(b"value1", &[42]).unwrap();
-			trie.insert(b"value2", &[24]).unwrap();
-			trie.insert(b":code", b"return 42").unwrap();
-			for i in 128u8..255u8 {
-				trie.insert(&[i], &[i]).unwrap();
-			}
+			let mut trie = TrieDBMut::<_, RlpCodec>::new(&mut mdb, &mut root);
+			trie.insert(b"key", b"value").expect("insert failed");
+			trie.insert(b"value1", &[42]).expect("insert failed");
+			trie.insert(b"value2", &[24]).expect("insert failed");
+			trie.insert(b":code", b"return 42").expect("insert failed");
+            for i in 128u8..255u8 {
+                trie.insert(&[i], &[i]).unwrap();
+            }
 		}
 		(mdb, root)
 	}
 
-	pub fn test_trie() -> TrieBackend {
+	pub(crate) fn test_trie() -> TrieBackend<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> {
 		let (mdb, root) = test_db();
 		TrieBackend::with_memorydb(mdb, root)
 	}
@@ -311,12 +320,16 @@ pub mod tests {
 
 	#[test]
 	fn pairs_are_empty_on_empty_storage() {
-		assert!(TrieBackend::with_memorydb(MemoryDB::new(), Default::default()).pairs().is_empty());
+		let db = TrieBackend::<KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>::with_memorydb(
+			MemoryDB::new(),
+			Default::default()
+		);
+		assert!(db.pairs().is_empty());
 	}
 
 	#[test]
 	fn storage_root_is_non_default() {
-		assert!(test_trie().storage_root(::std::iter::empty()).0 != [0; 32]);
+		assert!(test_trie().storage_root(::std::iter::empty()).0 != H256([0; 32]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/telemetry/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/telemetry/src/lib.rs
index 4782f244e1..1054b7b397 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/telemetry/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/telemetry/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 // along with Substrate.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-//! Telemtetry utils.
+//! Telemetry utils.
 //! 
 //! `telemetry` macro be used from whereever in the Substrate codebase
 //! in order to send real-time logging information to the telemetry
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/test-client/Cargo.toml b/substrate/substrate/test-client/Cargo.toml
index 69920cb485..461a29cac8 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/test-client/Cargo.toml
+++ b/substrate/substrate/test-client/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ substrate-primitives = { path = "../primitives" }
 substrate-runtime-support = { path = "../runtime-support" }
 substrate-test-runtime = { path = "../test-runtime" }
 substrate-runtime-primitives = { path = "../runtime/primitives" }
+hashdb = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/parity-common" }
+
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/block_builder_ext.rs b/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/block_builder_ext.rs
index 17fdbeba0a..a1894f5fa6 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/block_builder_ext.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/block_builder_ext.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use keyring;
 use runtime;
 
 use {Backend, Executor};
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
 
 /// Extension trait for test block builder.
 pub trait BlockBuilderExt {
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ pub trait BlockBuilderExt {
 	fn push_transfer(&mut self, transfer: runtime::Transfer) -> Result<(), client::error::Error>;
 }
 
-impl BlockBuilderExt for client::block_builder::BlockBuilder<Backend, Executor, runtime::Block> {
+impl BlockBuilderExt for client::block_builder::BlockBuilder<Backend, Executor, runtime::Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec> {
 	fn push_transfer(&mut self, transfer: runtime::Transfer) -> Result<(), client::error::Error> {
 		self.push(sign_tx(transfer))
 	}
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/lib.rs b/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/lib.rs
index a0709210ec..6a7e52a201 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/test-client/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ extern crate substrate_primitives as primitives;
 extern crate substrate_runtime_support as runtime_support;
 extern crate substrate_runtime_primitives as runtime_primitives;
 #[macro_use] extern crate substrate_executor as executor;
+extern crate hashdb;
 
 pub extern crate substrate_client as client;
 pub extern crate substrate_keyring as keyring;
@@ -36,10 +37,12 @@ mod block_builder_ext;
 pub use client_ext::TestClient;
 pub use block_builder_ext::BlockBuilderExt;
 
+use primitives::{KeccakHasher, RlpCodec};
+
 mod local_executor {
 	#![allow(missing_docs)]
 	use super::runtime;
-
+	// TODO: change the macro and pass in the `BlakeHasher` that dispatch needs from here instead
 	native_executor_instance!(pub LocalExecutor, runtime::api::dispatch, runtime::VERSION, include_bytes!("../../test-runtime/wasm/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/substrate_test_runtime.compact.wasm"));
 }
 
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ mod local_executor {
 pub use local_executor::LocalExecutor;
 
 /// Test client database backend.
-pub type Backend = client::in_mem::Backend<runtime::Block>;
+pub type Backend = client::in_mem::Backend<runtime::Block, KeccakHasher, RlpCodec>;
 
 /// Test client executor.
 pub type Executor = client::LocalCallExecutor<Backend, executor::NativeExecutor<LocalExecutor>>;
diff --git a/substrate/substrate/test-runtime/src/system.rs b/substrate/substrate/test-runtime/src/system.rs
index cb5ae23eb6..fcb2b951b6 100644
--- a/substrate/substrate/test-runtime/src/system.rs
+++ b/substrate/substrate/test-runtime/src/system.rs
@@ -171,8 +171,9 @@ mod tests {
 	use codec::{Joiner, KeyedVec};
 	use keyring::Keyring;
 	use ::{Header, Digest, Extrinsic, Transfer};
+	use primitives::KeccakHasher;
 
-	fn new_test_ext() -> TestExternalities {
+	fn new_test_ext() -> TestExternalities<KeccakHasher> {
 		map![
 			twox_128(b"latest").to_vec() => vec![69u8; 32],
 			twox_128(b":auth:len").to_vec() => vec![].and(&3u32),
@@ -195,6 +196,9 @@ mod tests {
 		let h = Header {
 			parent_hash: [69u8; 32].into(),
 			number: 1,
+			// Blake
+			// state_root: hex!("0c22599e15fb5e052c84f79a2aab179ba6bb238218fd86bdd4a74ebcc87adfcd").into(),
+			// Keccak
 			state_root: hex!("97dfcd1f8cbf8845fcb544f89332f1a94c1137f7d1b199ef0b0a6ed217015c3e").into(),
 			extrinsics_root: hex!("56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421").into(),
 			digest: Digest { logs: vec![], },
@@ -223,6 +227,9 @@ mod tests {
 			header: Header {
 				parent_hash: [69u8; 32].into(),
 				number: 1,
+				// Blake
+				// state_root: hex!("0425393fd07e2a806cfd7e990ee91dc92fe6bba34eab2bf45d5be7d67e24d467").into(),
+				// Keccak
 				state_root: hex!("0dd8210adaf581464cc68555814a787ed491f8c608d0a0dbbf2208a6d44190b1").into(),
 				extrinsics_root: hex!("951508f2cc0071500a74765ab0fb2f280fdcdd329d5f989dda675010adee99d6").into(),
 				digest: Digest { logs: vec![], },
@@ -248,6 +255,9 @@ mod tests {
 			header: Header {
 				parent_hash: b.header.hash(),
 				number: 2,
+				// Blake
+				// state_root: hex!("e32dd1d84d9133ca48078d2d83f2b0db19f9d47229ba98bf5ced0e9f86fac2c7").into(),
+				// Keccak
 				state_root: hex!("c93f2fd494c386fa32ee76b6198a7ccf5db12c02c3a79755fd2d4646ec2bf8d7").into(),
 				extrinsics_root: hex!("3563642676d7e042c894eedc579ba2d6eeedf9a6c66d9d557599effc9f674372").into(),
 				digest: Digest { logs: vec![], },