pezkuwichain/pezkuwi-subxt
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/pezkuwichain/pezkuwi-subxt.git synced 2026-04-26 09:57:56 +00:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Move all example pallets under examples folder. (#10215)

Browse Source 
* Put all examples under one folder

Signed-off-by: Jimmy Chu <jimmychu0807@gmail.com>

* Updated Cargo.toml

Signed-off-by: Jimmy Chu <jimmychu0807@gmail.com>

* updated for ci script

Signed-off-by: Jimmy Chu <jimmychu0807@gmail.com>

* update

Signed-off-by: Jimmy Chu <jimmychu0807@gmail.com>

* Added notes that example pallets are not meant to be used in production.

Signed-off-by: Jimmy Chu <jimmychu0807@gmail.com>

* updated

Signed-off-by: Jimmy Chu <jimmychu0807@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Jimmy Chu
2021-11-10 16:11:28 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 617e2cc75e
commit db59cfcf14
18 changed files with 81 additions and 60 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
substrate/frame/examples/basic/src/benchmarking.rs
+78
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
// This file is part of Substrate.
// Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! Benchmarking for pallet-example-basic.
#![cfg(feature = "runtime-benchmarks")]
use crate::*;
use frame_benchmarking::{benchmarks, whitelisted_caller};
use frame_system::RawOrigin;
// To actually run this benchmark on pallet-example-basic, we need to put this pallet into the
// runtime and compile it with `runtime-benchmarks` feature. The detail procedures are
// documented at:
// https://docs.substrate.io/v3/runtime/benchmarking#how-to-benchmark
//
// The auto-generated weight estimate of this pallet is copied over to the `weights.rs` file.
// The exact command of how the estimate generated is printed at the top of the file.
// Details on using the benchmarks macro can be seen at:
// https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/frame_benchmarking/trait.Benchmarking.html#tymethod.benchmarks
benchmarks! {
// This will measure the execution time of `set_dummy` for b in [1..1000] range.
set_dummy_benchmark {
// This is the benchmark setup phase
let b in 1 .. 1000;
}: set_dummy(RawOrigin::Root, b.into()) // The execution phase is just running `set_dummy` extrinsic call
verify {
// This is the optional benchmark verification phase, asserting certain states.
assert_eq!(Pallet::<T>::dummy(), Some(b.into()))
}
// This will measure the execution time of `accumulate_dummy` for b in [1..1000] range.
// The benchmark execution phase is shorthanded. When the name of the benchmark case is the same
// as the extrinsic call. `_(...)` is used to represent the extrinsic name.
// The benchmark verification phase is omitted.
accumulate_dummy {
let b in 1 .. 1000;
// The caller account is whitelisted for DB reads/write by the benchmarking macro.
let caller: T::AccountId = whitelisted_caller();
}: _(RawOrigin::Signed(caller), b.into())
// This will measure the execution time of sorting a vector.
sort_vector {
let x in 0 .. 10000;
let mut m = Vec::<u32>::new();
for i in (0..x).rev() {
m.push(i);
}
}: {
// The benchmark execution phase could also be a closure with custom code
m.sort();
}
// This line generates test cases for benchmarking, and could be run by:
// `cargo test -p pallet-example-basic --all-features`, you will see one line per case:
// `test benchmarking::bench_sort_vector ... ok`
// `test benchmarking::bench_accumulate_dummy ... ok`
// `test benchmarking::bench_set_dummy_benchmark ... ok` in the result.
//
// The line generates three steps per benchmark, with repeat=1 and the three steps are
// [low, mid, high] of the range.
impl_benchmark_test_suite!(Pallet, crate::tests::new_test_ext(), crate::tests::Test)
}
substrate/frame/examples/basic/src/lib.rs
+751
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
// This file is part of Substrate.
// Copyright (C) 2017-2021 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! <!-- markdown-link-check-disable -->
//! # Basic Example Pallet
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @gavofyork -->
//! The Example: A simple example of a FRAME pallet demonstrating
//! concepts, APIs and structures common to most FRAME runtimes.
//!
//! Run `cargo doc --package pallet-example-basic --open` to view this pallet's documentation.
//!
//! **This pallet serves as an example and is not meant to be used in production.**
//!
//! ### Documentation Guidelines:
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: Various. Based on collation of review comments to PRs
//! addressing issues with --> <!-- label 'S3-FRAME' in https://github.com/paritytech/substrate-developer-hub/issues -->
//! <ul>
//! <li>Documentation comments (i.e. <code>/// comment</code>) - should
//! accompany pallet functions and be restricted to the pallet interface,
//! not the internals of the pallet implementation. Only state inputs,
//! outputs, and a brief description that mentions whether calling it
//! requires root, but without repeating the source code details.
//! Capitalize the first word of each documentation comment and end it with
//! a full stop. See
//! <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/substrate#72-contributing-to-documentation-for-substrate-packages"
//! target="_blank"> Generic example of annotating source code with documentation comments</a></li>
//!
//! <li>Self-documenting code - Try to refactor code to be self-documenting.</li>
//!
//! <li>Code comments - Supplement complex code with a brief explanation, not every line of
//! code.</li>
//!
//! <li>Identifiers - surround by backticks (i.e. <code>INHERENT_IDENTIFIER</code>,
//! <code>InherentType</code>, <code>u64</code>)</li>
//!
//! <li>Usage scenarios - should be simple doctests. The compiler should ensure they stay
//! valid.</li>
//!
//! <li>Extended tutorials - should be moved to external files and refer to.</li>
//!
//! <li>Mandatory - include all of the sections/subsections where <b>MUST</b> is specified.</li>
//!
//! <li>Optional - optionally include sections/subsections where <b>CAN</b> is specified.</li>
//! </ul>
//!
//! ### Documentation Template:<br>
//!
//! Copy and paste this template from frame/examples/basic/src/lib.rs into file
//! `frame/<INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME>/src/lib.rs` of your own custom pallet and complete it.
//! <details><p><pre>
//! // Add heading with custom pallet name
//!
//! \# <INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME> Pallet
//!
//! // Add simple description
//!
//! // Include the following links that shows what trait needs to be implemented to use the pallet
//! // and the supported dispatchables that are documented in the Call enum.
//!
//! - \[`Config`]
//! - \[`Call`]
//! - \[`Pallet`]
//!
//! \## Overview
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: Various. See https://github.com/paritytech/substrate-developer-hub/issues/44 -->
//! // Short description of pallet's purpose.
//! // Links to Traits that should be implemented.
//! // What this pallet is for.
//! // What functionality the pallet provides.
//! // When to use the pallet (use case examples).
//! // How it is used.
//! // Inputs it uses and the source of each input.
//! // Outputs it produces.
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @Kianenigma in PR https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/1951 -->
//! <!-- and comment https://github.com/paritytech/substrate-developer-hub/issues/44#issuecomment-471982710 -->
//!
//! \## Terminology
//!
//! // Add terminology used in the custom pallet. Include concepts, storage items, or actions that
//! you think // deserve to be noted to give context to the rest of the documentation or pallet
//! usage. The author needs to // use some judgment about what is included. We don't want a list of
//! every storage item nor types - the user // can go to the code for that. For example, "transfer
//! fee" is obvious and should not be included, but // "free balance" and "reserved balance" should
//! be noted to give context to the pallet. // Please do not link to outside resources. The
//! reference docs should be the ultimate source of truth.
//!
//! <!-- Original author of heading: @Kianenigma in PR https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/1951 -->
//!
//! \## Goals
//!
//! // Add goals that the custom pallet is designed to achieve.
//!
//! <!-- Original author of heading: @Kianenigma in PR https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/1951 -->
//!
//! \### Scenarios
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @Kianenigma. Based on PR https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/1951 -->
//!
//! \#### <INSERT_SCENARIO_NAME>
//!
//! // Describe requirements prior to interacting with the custom pallet.
//! // Describe the process of interacting with the custom pallet for this scenario and public API
//! functions used.
//!
//! \## Interface
//!
//! \### Supported Origins
//!
//! // What origins are used and supported in this pallet (root, signed, none)
//! // i.e. root when <code>\`ensure_root\`</code> used
//! // i.e. none when <code>\`ensure_none\`</code> used
//! // i.e. signed when <code>\`ensure_signed\`</code> used
//!
//! <code>\`inherent\`</code> <INSERT_DESCRIPTION>
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @Kianenigma in comment -->
//! <!-- https://github.com/paritytech/substrate-developer-hub/issues/44#issuecomment-471982710 -->
//!
//! \### Types
//!
//! // Type aliases. Include any associated types and where the user would typically define them.
//!
//! <code>\`ExampleType\`</code> <INSERT_DESCRIPTION>
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: ??? -->
//!
//! // Reference documentation of aspects such as `storageItems` and `dispatchable` functions should
//! // only be included in the <https://docs.rs> Rustdocs for Substrate and not repeated in the
//! // README file.
//!
//! \### Dispatchable Functions
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @AmarRSingh & @joepetrowski -->
//!
//! // A brief description of dispatchable functions and a link to the rustdoc with their actual
//! documentation.
//!
//! // <b>MUST</b> have link to Call enum
//! // <b>MUST</b> have origin information included in function doc
//! // <b>CAN</b> have more info up to the user
//!
//! \### Public Functions
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @joepetrowski -->
//!
//! // A link to the rustdoc and any notes about usage in the pallet, not for specific functions.
//! // For example, in the Balances Pallet: "Note that when using the publicly exposed functions,
//! // you (the runtime developer) are responsible for implementing any necessary checks
//! // (e.g. that the sender is the signer) before calling a function that will affect storage."
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @AmarRSingh -->
//!
//! // It is up to the writer of the respective pallet (with respect to how much information to
//! provide).
//!
//! \#### Public Inspection functions - Immutable (getters)
//!
//! // Insert a subheading for each getter function signature
//!
//! \##### <code>\`example_getter_name()\`</code>
//!
//! // What it returns
//! // Why, when, and how often to call it
//! // When it could panic or error
//! // When safety issues to consider
//!
//! \#### Public Mutable functions (changing state)
//!
//! // Insert a subheading for each setter function signature
//!
//! \##### <code>\`example_setter_name(origin, parameter_name: T::ExampleType)\`</code>
//!
//! // What state it changes
//! // Why, when, and how often to call it
//! // When it could panic or error
//! // When safety issues to consider
//! // What parameter values are valid and why
//!
//! \### Storage Items
//!
//! // Explain any storage items included in this pallet
//!
//! \### Digest Items
//!
//! // Explain any digest items included in this pallet
//!
//! \### Inherent Data
//!
//! // Explain what inherent data (if any) is defined in the pallet and any other related types
//!
//! \### Events:
//!
//! // Insert events for this pallet if any
//!
//! \### Errors:
//!
//! // Explain what generates errors
//!
//! \## Usage
//!
//! // Insert 2-3 examples of usage and code snippets that show how to
//! // use <INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME> Pallet in a custom pallet.
//!
//! \### Prerequisites
//!
//! // Show how to include necessary imports for <INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME> and derive
//! // your pallet configuration trait with the `INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME` trait.
//!
//! \```rust
//! use <INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME>;
//!
//! pub trait Config: <INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME>::Config { }
//! \```
//!
//! \### Simple Code Snippet
//!
//! // Show a simple example (e.g. how to query a public getter function of
//! <INSERT_CUSTOM_PALLET_NAME>)
//!
//! \### Example from FRAME
//!
//! // Show a usage example in an actual runtime
//!
//! // See:
//! // - Substrate TCR <https://github.com/parity-samples/substrate-tcr>
//! // - Substrate Kitties <https://shawntabrizi.github.io/substrate-collectables-workshop/#/>
//!
//! \## Genesis Config
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @joepetrowski -->
//!
//! \## Dependencies
//!
//! // Dependencies on other FRAME pallets and the genesis config should be mentioned,
//! // but not the Rust Standard Library.
//! // Genesis configuration modifications that may be made to incorporate this pallet
//! // Interaction with other pallets
//!
//! <!-- Original author of heading: @AmarRSingh -->
//!
//! \## Related Pallets
//!
//! // Interaction with other pallets in the form of a bullet point list
//!
//! \## References
//!
//! <!-- Original author of paragraph: @joepetrowski -->
//!
//! // Links to reference material, if applicable. For example, Phragmen, W3F research, etc.
//! // that the implementation is based on.
//! </pre></p></details>
// Ensure we're `no_std` when compiling for Wasm.
#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
use codec::{Decode, Encode};
use frame_support::{
dispatch::DispatchResult,
traits::IsSubType,
weights::{ClassifyDispatch, DispatchClass, Pays, PaysFee, WeighData, Weight},
};
use frame_system::ensure_signed;
use log::info;
use scale_info::TypeInfo;
use sp_runtime::{
traits::{Bounded, DispatchInfoOf, SaturatedConversion, Saturating, SignedExtension},
transaction_validity::{
InvalidTransaction, TransactionValidity, TransactionValidityError, ValidTransaction,
},
};
use sp_std::{marker::PhantomData, prelude::*};
// Re-export pallet items so that they can be accessed from the crate namespace.
pub use pallet::*;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
mod benchmarking;
pub mod weights;
pub use weights::*;
/// A type alias for the balance type from this pallet's point of view.
type BalanceOf<T> = <T as pallet_balances::Config>::Balance;
const MILLICENTS: u32 = 1_000_000_000;
// A custom weight calculator tailored for the dispatch call `set_dummy()`. This actually examines
// the arguments and makes a decision based upon them.
//
// The `WeightData<T>` trait has access to the arguments of the dispatch that it wants to assign a
// weight to. Nonetheless, the trait itself cannot make any assumptions about what the generic type
// of the arguments (`T`) is. Based on our needs, we could replace `T` with a more concrete type
// while implementing the trait. The `pallet::weight` expects whatever implements `WeighData<T>` to
// replace `T` with a tuple of the dispatch arguments. This is exactly how we will craft the
// implementation below.
//
// The rules of `WeightForSetDummy` are as follows:
// - The final weight of each dispatch is calculated as the argument of the call multiplied by the
// parameter given to the `WeightForSetDummy`'s constructor.
// - assigns a dispatch class `operational` if the argument of the call is more than 1000.
//
// More information can be read at:
// - https://docs.substrate.io/v3/runtime/weights-and-fees
//
// Manually configuring weight is an advanced operation and what you really need may well be
// fulfilled by running the benchmarking toolchain. Refer to `benchmarking.rs` file.
struct WeightForSetDummy<T: pallet_balances::Config>(BalanceOf<T>);
impl<T: pallet_balances::Config> WeighData<(&BalanceOf<T>,)> for WeightForSetDummy<T> {
fn weigh_data(&self, target: (&BalanceOf<T>,)) -> Weight {
let multiplier = self.0;
// *target.0 is the amount passed into the extrinsic
let cents = *target.0 / <BalanceOf<T>>::from(MILLICENTS);
(cents * multiplier).saturated_into::<Weight>()
}
}
impl<T: pallet_balances::Config> ClassifyDispatch<(&BalanceOf<T>,)> for WeightForSetDummy<T> {
fn classify_dispatch(&self, target: (&BalanceOf<T>,)) -> DispatchClass {
if *target.0 > <BalanceOf<T>>::from(1000u32) {
DispatchClass::Operational
} else {
DispatchClass::Normal
}
}
}
impl<T: pallet_balances::Config> PaysFee<(&BalanceOf<T>,)> for WeightForSetDummy<T> {
fn pays_fee(&self, _target: (&BalanceOf<T>,)) -> Pays {
Pays::Yes
}
}
// Definition of the pallet logic, to be aggregated at runtime definition through
// `construct_runtime`.
#[frame_support::pallet]
pub mod pallet {
// Import various types used to declare pallet in scope.
use super::*;
use frame_support::pallet_prelude::*;
use frame_system::pallet_prelude::*;
/// Our pallet's configuration trait. All our types and constants go in here. If the
/// pallet is dependent on specific other pallets, then their configuration traits
/// should be added to our implied traits list.
///
/// `frame_system::Config` should always be included.
#[pallet::config]
pub trait Config: pallet_balances::Config + frame_system::Config {
// Setting a constant config parameter from the runtime
#[pallet::constant]
type MagicNumber: Get<Self::Balance>;
/// The overarching event type.
type Event: From<Event<Self>> + IsType<<Self as frame_system::Config>::Event>;
/// Type representing the weight of this pallet
type WeightInfo: WeightInfo;
}
// Simple declaration of the `Pallet` type. It is placeholder we use to implement traits and
// method.
#[pallet::pallet]
#[pallet::generate_store(pub(super) trait Store)]
pub struct Pallet<T>(_);
// Pallet implements [`Hooks`] trait to define some logic to execute in some context.
#[pallet::hooks]
impl<T: Config> Hooks<BlockNumberFor<T>> for Pallet<T> {
// `on_initialize` is executed at the beginning of the block before any extrinsic are
// dispatched.
//
// This function must return the weight consumed by `on_initialize` and `on_finalize`.
fn on_initialize(_n: T::BlockNumber) -> Weight {
// Anything that needs to be done at the start of the block.
// We don't do anything here.
0
}
// `on_finalize` is executed at the end of block after all extrinsic are dispatched.
fn on_finalize(_n: T::BlockNumber) {
// Perform necessary data/state clean up here.
}
// A runtime code run after every block and have access to extended set of APIs.
//
// For instance you can generate extrinsics for the upcoming produced block.
fn offchain_worker(_n: T::BlockNumber) {
// We don't do anything here.
// but we could dispatch extrinsic (transaction/unsigned/inherent) using
// sp_io::submit_extrinsic.
// To see example on offchain worker, please refer to example-offchain-worker pallet
// accompanied in this repository.
}
}
// The call declaration. This states the entry points that we handle. The
// macro takes care of the marshalling of arguments and dispatch.
//
// Anyone can have these functions execute by signing and submitting
// an extrinsic. Ensure that calls into each of these execute in a time, memory and
// using storage space proportional to any costs paid for by the caller or otherwise the
// difficulty of forcing the call to happen.
//
// Generally you'll want to split these into three groups:
// - Public calls that are signed by an external account.
// - Root calls that are allowed to be made only by the governance system.
// - Unsigned calls that can be of two kinds:
// * "Inherent extrinsics" that are opinions generally held by the block authors that build
// child blocks.
// * Unsigned Transactions that are of intrinsic recognizable utility to the network, and are
// validated by the runtime.
//
// Information about where this dispatch initiated from is provided as the first argument
// "origin". As such functions must always look like:
//
// `fn foo(origin: OriginFor<T>, bar: Bar, baz: Baz) -> DispatchResultWithPostInfo { ... }`
//
// The `DispatchResultWithPostInfo` is required as part of the syntax (and can be found at
// `pallet_prelude::DispatchResultWithPostInfo`).
//
// There are three entries in the `frame_system::Origin` enum that correspond
// to the above bullets: `::Signed(AccountId)`, `::Root` and `::None`. You should always match
// against them as the first thing you do in your function. There are three convenience calls
// in system that do the matching for you and return a convenient result: `ensure_signed`,
// `ensure_root` and `ensure_none`.
#[pallet::call]
impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
/// This is your public interface. Be extremely careful.
/// This is just a simple example of how to interact with the pallet from the external
/// world.
// This just increases the value of `Dummy` by `increase_by`.
//
// Since this is a dispatched function there are two extremely important things to
// remember:
//
// - MUST NOT PANIC: Under no circumstances (save, perhaps, storage getting into an
// irreparably damaged state) must this function panic.
// - NO SIDE-EFFECTS ON ERROR: This function must either complete totally (and return
// `Ok(())` or it must have no side-effects on storage and return `Err('Some reason')`.
//
// The first is relatively easy to audit for - just ensure all panickers are removed from
// logic that executes in production (which you do anyway, right?!). To ensure the second
// is followed, you should do all tests for validity at the top of your function. This
// is stuff like checking the sender (`origin`) or that state is such that the operation
// makes sense.
//
// Once you've determined that it's all good, then enact the operation and change storage.
// If you can't be certain that the operation will succeed without substantial computation
// then you have a classic blockchain attack scenario. The normal way of managing this is
// to attach a bond to the operation. As the first major alteration of storage, reserve
// some value from the sender's account (`Balances` Pallet has a `reserve` function for
// exactly this scenario). This amount should be enough to cover any costs of the
// substantial execution in case it turns out that you can't proceed with the operation.
//
// If it eventually transpires that the operation is fine and, therefore, that the
// expense of the checks should be borne by the network, then you can refund the reserved
// deposit. If, however, the operation turns out to be invalid and the computation is
// wasted, then you can burn it or repatriate elsewhere.
//
// Security bonds ensure that attackers can't game it by ensuring that anyone interacting
// with the system either progresses it or pays for the trouble of faffing around with
// no progress.
//
// If you don't respect these rules, it is likely that your chain will be attackable.
//
// Each transaction must define a `#[pallet::weight(..)]` attribute to convey a set of
// static information about its dispatch. FRAME System and FRAME Executive pallet then use
// this information to properly execute the transaction, whilst keeping the total load of
// the chain in a moderate rate.
//
// The parenthesized value of the `#[pallet::weight(..)]` attribute can be any type that
// implements a set of traits, namely [`WeighData`], [`ClassifyDispatch`], and
// [`PaysFee`]. The first conveys the weight (a numeric representation of pure
// execution time and difficulty) of the transaction and the second demonstrates the
// [`DispatchClass`] of the call, the third gives whereas extrinsic must pay fees or not.
// A higher weight means a larger transaction (less of which can be placed in a single
// block).
//
// The weight for this extrinsic we rely on the auto-generated `WeightInfo` from the
// benchmark toolchain.
#[pallet::weight(
<T as pallet::Config>::WeightInfo::accumulate_dummy((*increase_by).saturated_into())
)]
pub fn accumulate_dummy(origin: OriginFor<T>, increase_by: T::Balance) -> DispatchResult {
// This is a public call, so we ensure that the origin is some signed account.
let _sender = ensure_signed(origin)?;
// Read the value of dummy from storage.
// let dummy = Self::dummy();
// Will also work using the `::get` on the storage item type itself:
// let dummy = <Dummy<T>>::get();
// Calculate the new value.
// let new_dummy = dummy.map_or(increase_by, |dummy| dummy + increase_by);
// Put the new value into storage.
// <Dummy<T>>::put(new_dummy);
// Will also work with a reference:
// <Dummy<T>>::put(&new_dummy);
// Here's the new one of read and then modify the value.
<Dummy<T>>::mutate(|dummy| {
// Using `saturating_add` instead of a regular `+` to avoid overflowing
let new_dummy = dummy.map_or(increase_by, |d| d.saturating_add(increase_by));
*dummy = Some(new_dummy);
});
// Let's deposit an event to let the outside world know this happened.
Self::deposit_event(Event::AccumulateDummy(increase_by));
// All good, no refund.
Ok(())
}
/// A privileged call; in this case it resets our dummy value to something new.
// Implementation of a privileged call. The `origin` parameter is ROOT because
// it's not (directly) from an extrinsic, but rather the system as a whole has decided
// to execute it. Different runtimes have different reasons for allow privileged
// calls to be executed - we don't need to care why. Because it's privileged, we can
// assume it's a one-off operation and substantial processing/storage/memory can be used
// without worrying about gameability or attack scenarios.
//
// The weight for this extrinsic we use our own weight object `WeightForSetDummy` to
// determine its weight
#[pallet::weight(WeightForSetDummy::<T>(<BalanceOf<T>>::from(100u32)))]
pub fn set_dummy(
origin: OriginFor<T>,
#[pallet::compact] new_value: T::Balance,
) -> DispatchResult {
ensure_root(origin)?;
// Print out log or debug message in the console via log::{error, warn, info, debug,
// trace}, accepting format strings similar to `println!`.
// https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/sp_io/logging/fn.log.html
// https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/frame_support/constant.LOG_TARGET.html
info!("New value is now: {:?}", new_value);
// Put the new value into storage.
<Dummy<T>>::put(new_value);
Self::deposit_event(Event::SetDummy(new_value));
// All good, no refund.
Ok(())
}
}
/// Events are a simple means of reporting specific conditions and
/// circumstances that have happened that users, Dapps and/or chain explorers would find
/// interesting and otherwise difficult to detect.
#[pallet::event]
/// This attribute generate the function `deposit_event` to deposit one of this pallet event,
/// it is optional, it is also possible to provide a custom implementation.
#[pallet::generate_deposit(pub(super) fn deposit_event)]
pub enum Event<T: Config> {
// Just a normal `enum`, here's a dummy event to ensure it compiles.
/// Dummy event, just here so there's a generic type that's used.
AccumulateDummy(BalanceOf<T>),
SetDummy(BalanceOf<T>),
SetBar(T::AccountId, BalanceOf<T>),
}
// pallet::storage attributes allow for type-safe usage of the Substrate storage database,
// so you can keep things around between blocks.
//
// Any storage must be one of `StorageValue`, `StorageMap` or `StorageDoubleMap`.
// The first generic holds the prefix to use and is generated by the macro.
// The query kind is either `OptionQuery` (the default) or `ValueQuery`.
// - for `type Foo<T> = StorageValue<_, u32, OptionQuery>`:
// - `Foo::put(1); Foo::get()` returns `Some(1)`;
// - `Foo::kill(); Foo::get()` returns `None`.
// - for `type Foo<T> = StorageValue<_, u32, ValueQuery>`:
// - `Foo::put(1); Foo::get()` returns `1`;
// - `Foo::kill(); Foo::get()` returns `0` (u32::default()).
#[pallet::storage]
// The getter attribute generate a function on `Pallet` placeholder:
// `fn getter_name() -> Type` for basic value items or
// `fn getter_name(key: KeyType) -> ValueType` for map items.
#[pallet::getter(fn dummy)]
pub(super) type Dummy<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, T::Balance>;
// A map that has enumerable entries.
#[pallet::storage]
#[pallet::getter(fn bar)]
pub(super) type Bar<T: Config> = StorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, T::AccountId, T::Balance>;
// this one uses the query kind: `ValueQuery`, we'll demonstrate the usage of 'mutate' API.
#[pallet::storage]
#[pallet::getter(fn foo)]
pub(super) type Foo<T: Config> = StorageValue<_, T::Balance, ValueQuery>;
#[pallet::storage]
pub type CountedMap<T> = CountedStorageMap<_, Blake2_128Concat, u8, u16>;
// The genesis config type.
#[pallet::genesis_config]
pub struct GenesisConfig<T: Config> {
pub dummy: T::Balance,
pub bar: Vec<(T::AccountId, T::Balance)>,
pub foo: T::Balance,
}
// The default value for the genesis config type.
#[cfg(feature = "std")]
impl<T: Config> Default for GenesisConfig<T> {
fn default() -> Self {
Self { dummy: Default::default(), bar: Default::default(), foo: Default::default() }
}
}
// The build of genesis for the pallet.
#[pallet::genesis_build]
impl<T: Config> GenesisBuild<T> for GenesisConfig<T> {
fn build(&self) {
<Dummy<T>>::put(&self.dummy);
for (a, b) in &self.bar {
<Bar<T>>::insert(a, b);
}
<Foo<T>>::put(&self.foo);
}
}
}
// The main implementation block for the pallet. Functions here fall into three broad
// categories:
// - Public interface. These are functions that are `pub` and generally fall into inspector
// functions that do not write to storage and operation functions that do.
// - Private functions. These are your usual private utilities unavailable to other pallets.
impl<T: Config> Pallet<T> {
// Add public immutables and private mutables.
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn accumulate_foo(origin: T::Origin, increase_by: T::Balance) -> DispatchResult {
let _sender = ensure_signed(origin)?;
let prev = <Foo<T>>::get();
// Because Foo has 'default', the type of 'foo' in closure is the raw type instead of an
// Option<> type.
let result = <Foo<T>>::mutate(|foo| {
*foo = foo.saturating_add(increase_by);
*foo
});
assert!(prev + increase_by == result);
Ok(())
}
}
// Similar to other FRAME pallets, your pallet can also define a signed extension and perform some
// checks and [pre/post]processing [before/after] the transaction. A signed extension can be any
// decodable type that implements `SignedExtension`. See the trait definition for the full list of
// bounds. As a convention, you can follow this approach to create an extension for your pallet:
// - If the extension does not carry any data, then use a tuple struct with just a `marker`
// (needed for the compiler to accept `T: Config`) will suffice.
// - Otherwise, create a tuple struct which contains the external data. Of course, for the entire
// struct to be decodable, each individual item also needs to be decodable.
//
// Note that a signed extension can also indicate that a particular data must be present in the
// _signing payload_ of a transaction by providing an implementation for the `additional_signed`
// method. This example will not cover this type of extension. See `CheckSpecVersion` in
// [FRAME System](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/frame/system#signed-extensions)
// for an example.
//
// Using the extension, you can add some hooks to the life cycle of each transaction. Note that by
// default, an extension is applied to all `Call` functions (i.e. all transactions). the `Call` enum
// variant is given to each function of `SignedExtension`. Hence, you can filter based on pallet or
// a particular call if needed.
//
// Some extra information, such as encoded length, some static dispatch info like weight and the
// sender of the transaction (if signed) are also provided.
//
// The full list of hooks that can be added to a signed extension can be found
// [here](https://crates.parity.io/sp_runtime/traits/trait.SignedExtension.html).
//
// The signed extensions are aggregated in the runtime file of a substrate chain. All extensions
// should be aggregated in a tuple and passed to the `CheckedExtrinsic` and `UncheckedExtrinsic`
// types defined in the runtime. Lookup `pub type SignedExtra = (...)` in `node/runtime` and
// `node-template` for an example of this.
/// A simple signed extension that checks for the `set_dummy` call. In that case, it increases the
/// priority and prints some log.
///
/// Additionally, it drops any transaction with an encoded length higher than 200 bytes. No
/// particular reason why, just to demonstrate the power of signed extensions.
#[derive(Encode, Decode, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, TypeInfo)]
#[scale_info(skip_type_params(T))]
pub struct WatchDummy<T: Config + Send + Sync>(PhantomData<T>);
impl<T: Config + Send + Sync> sp_std::fmt::Debug for WatchDummy<T> {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut sp_std::fmt::Formatter) -> sp_std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "WatchDummy")
}
}
impl<T: Config + Send + Sync> SignedExtension for WatchDummy<T>
where
<T as frame_system::Config>::Call: IsSubType<Call<T>>,
{
const IDENTIFIER: &'static str = "WatchDummy";
type AccountId = T::AccountId;
type Call = <T as frame_system::Config>::Call;
type AdditionalSigned = ();
type Pre = ();
fn additional_signed(&self) -> sp_std::result::Result<(), TransactionValidityError> {
Ok(())
}
fn validate(
&self,
_who: &Self::AccountId,
call: &Self::Call,
_info: &DispatchInfoOf<Self::Call>,
len: usize,
) -> TransactionValidity {
// if the transaction is too big, just drop it.
if len > 200 {
return InvalidTransaction::ExhaustsResources.into()
}
// check for `set_dummy`
match call.is_sub_type() {
Some(Call::set_dummy { .. }) => {
sp_runtime::print("set_dummy was received.");
let mut valid_tx = ValidTransaction::default();
valid_tx.priority = Bounded::max_value();
Ok(valid_tx)
},
_ => Ok(Default::default()),
}
}
}
substrate/frame/examples/basic/src/tests.rs
+205
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
// This file is part of Substrate.
// Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! Tests for pallet-example-basic.
use crate::*;
use frame_support::{
assert_ok, parameter_types,
traits::OnInitialize,
weights::{DispatchInfo, GetDispatchInfo},
};
use sp_core::H256;
// The testing primitives are very useful for avoiding having to work with signatures
// or public keys. `u64` is used as the `AccountId` and no `Signature`s are required.
use sp_runtime::{
testing::Header,
traits::{BlakeTwo256, IdentityLookup},
BuildStorage,
};
// Reexport crate as its pallet name for construct_runtime.
use crate as pallet_example_basic;
type UncheckedExtrinsic = frame_system::mocking::MockUncheckedExtrinsic<Test>;
type Block = frame_system::mocking::MockBlock<Test>;
// For testing the pallet, we construct a mock runtime.
frame_support::construct_runtime!(
pub enum Test where
Block = Block,
NodeBlock = Block,
UncheckedExtrinsic = UncheckedExtrinsic,
{
System: frame_system::{Pallet, Call, Config, Storage, Event<T>},
Balances: pallet_balances::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Config<T>, Event<T>},
Example: pallet_example_basic::{Pallet, Call, Storage, Config<T>, Event<T>},
}
);
parameter_types! {
pub const BlockHashCount: u64 = 250;
pub BlockWeights: frame_system::limits::BlockWeights =
frame_system::limits::BlockWeights::simple_max(1024);
}
impl frame_system::Config for Test {
type BaseCallFilter = frame_support::traits::Everything;
type BlockWeights = ();
type BlockLength = ();
type DbWeight = ();
type Origin = Origin;
type Index = u64;
type BlockNumber = u64;
type Hash = H256;
type Call = Call;
type Hashing = BlakeTwo256;
type AccountId = u64;
type Lookup = IdentityLookup<Self::AccountId>;
type Header = Header;
type Event = Event;
type BlockHashCount = BlockHashCount;
type Version = ();
type PalletInfo = PalletInfo;
type AccountData = pallet_balances::AccountData<u64>;
type OnNewAccount = ();
type OnKilledAccount = ();
type SystemWeightInfo = ();
type SS58Prefix = ();
type OnSetCode = ();
}
parameter_types! {
pub const ExistentialDeposit: u64 = 1;
}
impl pallet_balances::Config for Test {
type MaxLocks = ();
type MaxReserves = ();
type ReserveIdentifier = [u8; 8];
type Balance = u64;
type DustRemoval = ();
type Event = Event;
type ExistentialDeposit = ExistentialDeposit;
type AccountStore = System;
type WeightInfo = ();
}
parameter_types! {
pub const MagicNumber: u64 = 1_000_000_000;
}
impl Config for Test {
type MagicNumber = MagicNumber;
type Event = Event;
type WeightInfo = ();
}
// This function basically just builds a genesis storage key/value store according to
// our desired mockup.
pub fn new_test_ext() -> sp_io::TestExternalities {
let t = GenesisConfig {
// We use default for brevity, but you can configure as desired if needed.
system: Default::default(),
balances: Default::default(),
example: pallet_example_basic::GenesisConfig {
dummy: 42,
// we configure the map with (key, value) pairs.
bar: vec![(1, 2), (2, 3)],
foo: 24,
},
}
.build_storage()
.unwrap();
t.into()
}
#[test]
fn it_works_for_optional_value() {
new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
// Check that GenesisBuilder works properly.
let val1 = 42;
let val2 = 27;
assert_eq!(Example::dummy(), Some(val1));
// Check that accumulate works when we have Some value in Dummy already.
assert_ok!(Example::accumulate_dummy(Origin::signed(1), val2));
assert_eq!(Example::dummy(), Some(val1 + val2));
// Check that accumulate works when we Dummy has None in it.
<Example as OnInitialize<u64>>::on_initialize(2);
assert_ok!(Example::accumulate_dummy(Origin::signed(1), val1));
assert_eq!(Example::dummy(), Some(val1 + val2 + val1));
});
}
#[test]
fn it_works_for_default_value() {
new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
assert_eq!(Example::foo(), 24);
assert_ok!(Example::accumulate_foo(Origin::signed(1), 1));
assert_eq!(Example::foo(), 25);
});
}
#[test]
fn set_dummy_works() {
new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
let test_val = 133;
assert_ok!(Example::set_dummy(Origin::root(), test_val.into()));
assert_eq!(Example::dummy(), Some(test_val));
});
}
#[test]
fn signed_ext_watch_dummy_works() {
new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
let call = pallet_example_basic::Call::set_dummy { new_value: 10 }.into();
let info = DispatchInfo::default();
assert_eq!(
WatchDummy::<Test>(PhantomData)
.validate(&1, &call, &info, 150)
.unwrap()
.priority,
u64::MAX,
);
assert_eq!(
WatchDummy::<Test>(PhantomData).validate(&1, &call, &info, 250),
InvalidTransaction::ExhaustsResources.into(),
);
})
}
#[test]
fn counted_map_works() {
new_test_ext().execute_with(|| {
assert_eq!(CountedMap::<Test>::count(), 0);
CountedMap::<Test>::insert(3, 3);
assert_eq!(CountedMap::<Test>::count(), 1);
})
}
#[test]
fn weights_work() {
// must have a defined weight.
let default_call = pallet_example_basic::Call::<Test>::accumulate_dummy { increase_by: 10 };
let info1 = default_call.get_dispatch_info();
// aka. `let info = <Call<Test> as GetDispatchInfo>::get_dispatch_info(&default_call);`
assert!(info1.weight > 0);
// `set_dummy` is simpler than `accumulate_dummy`, and the weight
// should be less.
let custom_call = pallet_example_basic::Call::<Test>::set_dummy { new_value: 20 };
let info2 = custom_call.get_dispatch_info();
assert!(info1.weight > info2.weight);
}
substrate/frame/examples/basic/src/weights.rs
+101
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
// This file is part of Substrate.
// Copyright (C) 2021 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! Autogenerated weights for pallet_example_basic
//!
//! THIS FILE WAS AUTO-GENERATED USING THE SUBSTRATE BENCHMARK CLI VERSION 3.0.0
//! DATE: 2021-03-15, STEPS: `[100, ]`, REPEAT: 10, LOW RANGE: `[]`, HIGH RANGE: `[]`
//! EXECUTION: Some(Wasm), WASM-EXECUTION: Compiled, CHAIN: Some("dev"), DB CACHE: 128
// Executed Command:
// ./target/release/substrate
// benchmark
// --chain
// dev
// --execution
// wasm
// --wasm-execution
// compiled
// --pallet
// pallet_example_basic
// --extrinsic
// *
// --steps
// 100
// --repeat
// 10
// --raw
// --output
// ./
// --template
// ./.maintain/frame-weight-template.hbs
#![cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
#![allow(unused_parens)]
#![allow(unused_imports)]
use frame_support::{traits::Get, weights::{Weight, constants::RocksDbWeight}};
use sp_std::marker::PhantomData;
/// Weight functions needed for pallet_example_basic.
pub trait WeightInfo {
fn set_dummy_benchmark(b: u32, ) -> Weight;
fn accumulate_dummy(b: u32, ) -> Weight;
fn sort_vector(x: u32, ) -> Weight;
}
/// Weights for pallet_example_basic using the Substrate node and recommended hardware.
pub struct SubstrateWeight<T>(PhantomData<T>);
impl<T: frame_system::Config> WeightInfo for SubstrateWeight<T> {
fn set_dummy_benchmark(b: u32, ) -> Weight {
(5_834_000 as Weight)
.saturating_add((24_000 as Weight).saturating_mul(b as Weight))
.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1 as Weight))
}
fn accumulate_dummy(b: u32, ) -> Weight {
(51_353_000 as Weight)
.saturating_add((14_000 as Weight).saturating_mul(b as Weight))
.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().reads(1 as Weight))
.saturating_add(T::DbWeight::get().writes(1 as Weight))
}
fn sort_vector(x: u32, ) -> Weight {
(2_569_000 as Weight)
// Standard Error: 0
.saturating_add((4_000 as Weight).saturating_mul(x as Weight))
}
}
// For backwards compatibility and tests
impl WeightInfo for () {
fn set_dummy_benchmark(b: u32, ) -> Weight {
(5_834_000 as Weight)
.saturating_add((24_000 as Weight).saturating_mul(b as Weight))
.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(1 as Weight))
}
fn accumulate_dummy(b: u32, ) -> Weight {
(51_353_000 as Weight)
.saturating_add((14_000 as Weight).saturating_mul(b as Weight))
.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().reads(1 as Weight))
.saturating_add(RocksDbWeight::get().writes(1 as Weight))
}
fn sort_vector(x: u32, ) -> Weight {
(2_569_000 as Weight)
// Standard Error: 0
.saturating_add((4_000 as Weight).saturating_mul(x as Weight))
}
}