Closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk-docs/issues/70
WIP PR for an overview of how to develop tokens in FRAME.
- [x] Tokens in Substrate Ref Doc
- High-level overview of the token-related logic in FRAME
- Improve docs with better explanation of how holds, freezes, ed, free
balance, etc, all work
- [x] Update `pallet_balances` docs
- Clearly mark what is deprecated (currency)
- [x] Write fungible trait docs
- [x] Evaluate and if required update `pallet_assets`, `pallet_uniques`,
`pallet_nfts` docs
- [x] Absorb https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2683/
- [x] Audit individual trait method docs, and improve if possible
Feel free to suggest additional TODOs for this PR in the comments
---------
Co-authored-by: Bill Laboon <laboon@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Aguirre <franciscoaguirreperez@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <skunert49@gmail.com>
**Update:** Pushed additional changes based on the review comments.
**This pull request fixes various spelling mistakes in this
repository.**
Most of the changes are contained in the first **3** commits:
- `Fix spelling mistakes in comments and docs`
- `Fix spelling mistakes in test names`
- `Fix spelling mistakes in error messages, panic messages, logs and
tracing`
Other source code spelling mistakes are separated into individual
commits for easier reviewing:
- `Fix the spelling of 'authority'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'REASONABLE_HEADERS_IN_JUSTIFICATION_ANCESTRY'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'prev_enqueud_messages'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'endpoint'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'children'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'PenpalSiblingSovereignAccount'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'PenpalSudoAccount'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'insufficient'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'PalletXcmExtrinsicsBenchmark'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'subtracted'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'CandidatePendingAvailability'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'exclusive'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'until'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'discriminator'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'nonexistent'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'subsystem'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'indices'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'committed'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'topology'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'response'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'beneficiary'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'formatted'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'UNKNOWN_PROOF_REQUEST'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'succeeded'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'reopened'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'proposer'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'InstantiationNonce'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'depositor'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'expiration'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'phantom'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'AggregatedKeyValue'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'randomness'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'defendant'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'AquaticMammal'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'transactions'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'PassingTracingSubscriber'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'TxSignaturePayload'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'versioning'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'descendant'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'overridden'`
- `Fix the spelling of 'network'`
Let me know if this structure is adequate.
**Note:** The usage of the words `Merkle`, `Merkelize`, `Merklization`,
`Merkelization`, `Merkleization`, is somewhat inconsistent but I left it
as it is.
~~**Note:** In some places the term `Receival` is used to refer to
message reception, IMO `Reception` is the correct word here, but I left
it as it is.~~
~~**Note:** In some places the term `Overlayed` is used instead of the
more acceptable version `Overlaid` but I also left it as it is.~~
~~**Note:** In some places the term `Applyable` is used instead of the
correct version `Applicable` but I also left it as it is.~~
**Note:** Some usage of British vs American english e.g. `judgement` vs
`judgment`, `initialise` vs `initialize`, `optimise` vs `optimize` etc.
are both present in different places, but I suppose that's
understandable given the number of contributors.
~~**Note:** There is a spelling mistake in `.github/CODEOWNERS` but it
triggers errors in CI when I make changes to it, so I left it as it
is.~~
I started this investigation/issue based on @liamaharon question
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/1801#discussion_r1410452499).
## Problem
The `pallet_balances` integrity test should correctly detect that the
runtime has correct distinct `HoldReasons` variant count. I assume the
same situation exists for RuntimeFreezeReason.
It is not a critical problem, if we set `MaxHolds` with a sufficiently
large value, everything should be ok. However, in this case, the
integrity_test check becomes less useful.
**Situation for "any" runtime:**
- `HoldReason` enums from different pallets:
```rust
/// from pallet_nis
#[pallet::composite_enum]
pub enum HoldReason {
NftReceipt,
}
/// from pallet_preimage
#[pallet::composite_enum]
pub enum HoldReason {
Preimage,
}
// from pallet_state-trie-migration
#[pallet::composite_enum]
pub enum HoldReason {
SlashForContinueMigrate,
SlashForMigrateCustomTop,
SlashForMigrateCustomChild,
}
```
- generated `RuntimeHoldReason` enum looks like:
```rust
pub enum RuntimeHoldReason {
#[codec(index = 32u8)]
Preimage(pallet_preimage::HoldReason),
#[codec(index = 38u8)]
Nis(pallet_nis::HoldReason),
#[codec(index = 42u8)]
StateTrieMigration(pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason),
}
```
- composite enum `RuntimeHoldReason` variant count is detected as `3`
- we set `type MaxHolds = ConstU32<3>`
- `pallet_balances::integrity_test` is ok with `3`(at least 3)
However, the real problem can occur in a live runtime where some
functionality might stop working. This is due to a total of 5 distinct
hold reasons (for pallets with multi-instance support, it is even more),
and not all of them can be used because of an incorrect `MaxHolds`,
which is deemed acceptable according to the `integrity_test`:
```
// pseudo-code - if we try to call all of these:
T::Currency::hold(&pallet_nis::HoldReason::NftReceipt.into(),
&nft_owner, deposit)?;
T::Currency::hold(&pallet_preimage::HoldReason::Preimage.into(),
&nft_owner, deposit)?;
T::Currency::hold(&pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason::SlashForContinueMigrate.into(),
&nft_owner, deposit)?;
// With `type MaxHolds = ConstU32<3>` these two will fail
T::Currency::hold(&pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason::SlashForMigrateCustomTop.into(),
&nft_owner, deposit)?;
T::Currency::hold(&pallet_state_trie_migration::HoldReason::SlashForMigrateCustomChild.into(),
&nft_owner, deposit)?;
```
## Solutions
A macro `#[pallet::*]` expansion is extended of `VariantCount`
implementation for the `#[pallet::composite_enum]` enum type. This
expansion generates the `VariantCount` implementation for pallets'
`HoldReason`, `FreezeReason`, `LockId`, and `SlashReason`. Enum variants
must be plain enum values without fields to ensure a deterministic
count.
The composite runtime enum, `RuntimeHoldReason` and
`RuntimeFreezeReason`, now sets `VariantCount::VARIANT_COUNT` as the sum
of pallets' enum `VariantCount::VARIANT_COUNT`:
```rust
#[frame_support::pallet(dev_mode)]
mod module_single_instance {
#[pallet::composite_enum]
pub enum HoldReason {
ModuleSingleInstanceReason1,
ModuleSingleInstanceReason2,
}
...
}
#[frame_support::pallet(dev_mode)]
mod module_multi_instance {
#[pallet::composite_enum]
pub enum HoldReason<I: 'static = ()> {
ModuleMultiInstanceReason1,
ModuleMultiInstanceReason2,
ModuleMultiInstanceReason3,
}
...
}
impl self::sp_api_hidden_includes_construct_runtime::hidden_include::traits::VariantCount
for RuntimeHoldReason
{
const VARIANT_COUNT: u32 = 0
+ module_single_instance::HoldReason::VARIANT_COUNT
+ module_multi_instance::HoldReason::<module_multi_instance::Instance1>::VARIANT_COUNT
+ module_multi_instance::HoldReason::<module_multi_instance::Instance2>::VARIANT_COUNT
+ module_multi_instance::HoldReason::<module_multi_instance::Instance3>::VARIANT_COUNT;
}
```
In addition, `MaxHolds` is removed (as suggested
[here](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2657#discussion_r1443324573))
from `pallet_balances`, and its `Holds` are now bounded to
`RuntimeHoldReason::VARIANT_COUNT`. Therefore, there is no need to let
the runtime specify `MaxHolds`.
## For reviewers
Relevant changes can be found here:
- `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/lib.rs`
- `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/pallet/parse/composite.rs`
- `substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/pallet/expand/composite.rs`
-
`substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/expand/composite_helper.rs`
-
`substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/expand/hold_reason.rs`
-
`substrate/frame/support/procedural/src/construct_runtime/expand/freeze_reason.rs`
- `substrate/frame/support/src/traits/misc.rs`
And the rest of the files is just about removed `MaxHolds` from
`pallet_balances`
## Next steps
Do the same for `MaxFreezes`
https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2997.
---------
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: Dónal Murray <donal.murray@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: gupnik <nikhilgupta.iitk@gmail.com>
closes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1882
## Breaking Changes
This PR introduces a new item to `pallet_balances::Config`:
```diff
trait Config {
++ type RuntimeFreezeReasons;
}
```
This value is only used to check it against `type MaxFreeze`. A similar
check has been added for `MaxHolds` against `RuntimeHoldReasons`, which
is already given to `pallet_balances`.
In all contexts, you should pass the real `RuntimeFreezeReasons`
generated by `construct_runtime` to `type RuntimeFreezeReasons`. Passing
`()` would also work, but it would imply that the runtime uses no
freezes at all.
---------
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Fixes https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/1839
Currently, `composite_enum`s do not support pallet instances. This PR
allows the following:
```rust
#[pallet::composite_enum]
pub enum HoldReason<I: 'static = ()> {
SomeHoldReason
}
```
### Todo
- [x] UI Test
Moving a few pallets to the latest and greatest `derive_impl` to give it
a try.
Part of #171
---------
Co-authored-by: Adrian Catangiu <adrian@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <kungfukeith11@gmail.com>
* HoldReason: Improve usage
`HoldReason` was switched recently to use the `composite_enum` attribute that will merge the enums
from all pallets in the runtime to `RuntimeHoldReason`. `pallet-nis` was still requiring that the
variant was passed as constant to call `hold`. The proper implementation is to use the `HoldReason`
from inside the pallet directly when calling `hold`. This is done by adding a `RuntimeHoldReason` as
type to the `Config` trait and requiring that `Currency` is using the same reason. Besides that the
pr changes the name `HoldIdentifier` in `pallet_balances::Config` to `RuntimeHoldReason`.
* Update frame/nis/src/lib.rs
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* Review comment
* Fixes
---------
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* frame: Default for GenesisConfig in no_std
`Default` for `GenesisConfig` will be required for no_std in no native
runtime world. It must be possible to instantiate default GenesisConfig
for pallets and runtime.
* ".git/.scripts/commands/fmt/fmt.sh"
* hash69 in no_std reverted
* derive(DefaultNoBound) for GenesisConfig used when possible
* treasury: derive(Default)
* Cargo.lock update
* genesis_config: compiler error improved
When std feature is not enabled for pallet, the GenesisConfig will be
defined, but serde::{Serialize,Deserialize} traits will not be
implemented.
The compiler error indicates the reason of latter errors.
This is temporary and serde traits will be enabled with together with
`serde` support in frame.
---------
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
* Fix: Incorrect implementation of can_reserve check
* Fix: Incorrect migration of consumer counting for existing accounts with frozen amounts
* Fix: Inconsistent implementation between assets can_deposit and new_account
* Fixes
* Fixes
* Another fix
* Update tests.rs
* Update fungible_tests.rs
* Use `can_accrue_consumers` in the body of `can_inc_consumer`
---------
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <kungfukeith11@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: parity-processbot <>
* max instead of min
* Remove debug stuff
* remove debug code
* warn log on no provider ref
* format string for log
---------
Co-authored-by: muharem <ismailov.m.h@gmail.com>
* Minimum of 1 for ED
* Avoid need for ED to be minimum one
* Docs
* Ban ED of zero unless feature enabled
* use integrity_test
* Docs
* Cleanup
* Update frame/balances/Cargo.toml
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* Update frame/balances/src/lib.rs
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* Update frame/balances/src/lib.rs
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* Ensure dodgy code is disabled by default
* zero_ed -> insecure_zero_ed
---------
Co-authored-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: parity-processbot <>
* Remove use of trait Store from staking pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from bounties pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from collective pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from babe pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from assets pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from grandpa pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from balances pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from authorship pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from authority-discovery pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from atomic-swap pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from sudo pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from scheduler pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from scored-pool pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from society pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from lottery pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from executive pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from democracy pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from elections-phragmen pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from indices pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from identity pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from multisig pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from merkle-mountain-range pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from im-online pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from membership pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from nicks pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from session pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from transaction-payment pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from utility pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from child-bounties pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from nis pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from nfts pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from conviction-voting pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from treasury pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from vesting pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from preimage pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from uniques pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from ranked-collective pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from beefy-mmr pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from referenda pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from whitelist pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from alliance pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from nomination-pools pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from state-trie-migration pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from message-queue pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from root-offences pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from root-testing pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from timestamps pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from system pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from offences pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from recovery pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from node-authorization pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from proxy pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from benchmarking pallet
* Remove use of trait Store from bags-list pallet
* Add deprecated warning in store_trait
* Change warning message
* Run cargo fmt
* Fix warning and update tests
* Remove unnecessary allow deprecated
* Remove use of trait Store
* Fix mismatch in expected output
* Minor update to warning message for deprecation of generate_store with Store trait attribute
* Fixes as per review comments
* Fixes as per review suggestions
* Remove use of Store trait from core-fellowship pallet
* Fix type in store_trait.rs
* Fixes as pre review comment
* Change copyright year to 2023 from 2022
* Fix incorrect update of copyright year
* Remove years from copy right header
* Fix remaining files
* Fix typo in a header and remove update-copyright.sh
* frame-system: explicit call index
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* Use explicit call indices
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* pallet-template: explicit call index
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* DNM: Temporarily require call_index
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* Revert "DNM: Temporarily require call_index"
This reverts commit c4934e312e12af72ca05a8029d7da753a9c99346.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Tale-Yazdi <oliver.tale-yazdi@parity.io>
* pallet-balances: Fix inactive funds migration
Fixes the inactive funds migration. It was missing to set the `storage_version` attribute for the
`Pallet` struct. Besides that it also removes the old `StorageVersion` representation and adds support
for instances of pallet-balances.
* Fix test
* initial setup
* add WhitelistedStorageKeys trait
* add (A, B) tuple implementation for whitelisted_storage_keys()
* fix formatting
* implement WhitelistedStorageKeys for all tuple combinations
* impl_for_tuples up to 128 for WhitelistedStorageKeys
* refactor to #[benchmarking(cached)]
* tweak error message and mark BlockNumber as cached
* add benchmarking(cached) to the other default types
* add docs for benchmarking(cached)
* properly parse storage type declaration
* make storage_alias structs public so we can use them in this macro
* use BTreeMap since TrackedStorageKey missing Ord outside of std
* make WhitelistedStorageKeys accessible
* basic detection of benchmarking(cached) 💥
* proper parsing of #[benchmarking(cached)] from pallet parse macro
* store presence of #[benchmarking(cached)] macro on StorageDef
* will be used for later expansion
* compiling blank impl for WhitelistedStorageKeys
* move impl to expand_pallet_struct
* use frame_support::sp_std::vec::Vec properly
* successfully compiling with storage info loaded into a variable 💥
* plausible implementation for whitelisted_storage_keys()
* depends on the assumption that storage_info.encode() can be loaded
into TrackedStorageKey::new(..)
* use Pallet::whitelisted_storage_keys() instead of hard-coded list
* AllPallets::whitelisted_storage_keys() properly working 💥
* collect storage names
* whitelisted_storage_keys() impl working 💥
* clean up
* fix compiler error
* just one compiler error
* fix doc compiler error
* use better import path
* fix comment
* whoops
* whoops again
* fix macro import issue
* cargo fmt
* mark example as ignore
* use keyword tokens instead of string parsing
* fix keyword-based parsing of benchmarking(cached)
* preliminary spec for check_whitelist()
* add additional test for benchmarking whitelist
* add TODO note
* remove irrelevant line from example
* use filter_map instead of filter and map
* simplify syntax
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <kungfukeith11@gmail.com>
* clean up
* fix test
* fix tests
* use keyword parsing instead of string parsing
* use collect() instead of a for loop
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
* fix compiler error
* clean up benchmarking(cached) marking code
* use cloned()
* refactor to not use panic! and remove need for pub types in storage_alias
* remove unneeded use
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <info@kchr.de>
* remove unneeded visibility changes
* don't manually hard code hash for treasury account as hex
* proper Ord, PartialOrd, and Hash impls for TrackedStorageKey
* now based just on key, and available in no-std
* use BTreeSet instead of BTreeMap
* fix comments
* cargo fmt
* switch to pallet::whitelist and re-do it basti's way :D
* make PartialOrd for TrackedStorageKey consistent with Ord
* more correct implementation of hash-related traits for TrackedStorageKey
* fix integration test
* update TODO
* remove unused keyword
* remove more unused keywords
* use into_iter()
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <kungfukeith11@gmail.com>
* Update frame/support/procedural/src/pallet/parse/mod.rs
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <info@kchr.de>
* add docs for whitelisted
* fix comment
Co-authored-by: Keith Yeung <kungfukeith11@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kian Paimani <5588131+kianenigma@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <info@kchr.de>
* Add test
* Fix the bug
* Add similar test for named reservable
* Extend test with "overflow" repatriation
* Expand test for `NamedReservableCurrency`
* Add notes about return values meaning
Liam Aharon