[litep2p](https://github.com/altonen/litep2p) is a libp2p-compatible P2P
networking library. It supports all of the features of `rust-libp2p`
that are currently being utilized by Polkadot SDK.
Compared to `rust-libp2p`, `litep2p` has a quite different architecture
which is why the new `litep2p` network backend is only able to use a
little of the existing code in `sc-network`. The design has been mainly
influenced by how we'd wish to structure our networking-related code in
Polkadot SDK: independent higher-levels protocols directly communicating
with the network over links that support bidirectional backpressure. A
good example would be `NotificationHandle`/`RequestResponseHandle`
abstractions which allow, e.g., `SyncingEngine` to directly communicate
with peers to announce/request blocks.
I've tried running `polkadot --network-backend litep2p` with a few
different peer configurations and there is a noticeable reduction in
networking CPU usage. For high load (`--out-peers 200`), networking CPU
usage goes down from ~110% to ~30% (80 pp) and for normal load
(`--out-peers 40`), the usage goes down from ~55% to ~18% (37 pp).
These should not be taken as final numbers because:
a) there are still some low-hanging optimization fruits, such as
enabling [receive window
auto-tuning](https://github.com/libp2p/rust-yamux/pull/176), integrating
`Peerset` more closely with `litep2p` or improving memory usage of the
WebSocket transport
b) fixing bugs/instabilities that incorrectly cause `litep2p` to do less
work will increase the networking CPU usage
c) verification in a more diverse set of tests/conditions is needed
Nevertheless, these numbers should give an early estimate for CPU usage
of the new networking backend.
This PR consists of three separate changes:
* introduce a generic `PeerId` (wrapper around `Multihash`) so that we
don't have use `NetworkService::PeerId` in every part of the code that
uses a `PeerId`
* introduce `NetworkBackend` trait, implement it for the libp2p network
stack and make Polkadot SDK generic over `NetworkBackend`
* implement `NetworkBackend` for litep2p
The new library should be considered experimental which is why
`rust-libp2p` will remain as the default option for the time being. This
PR currently depends on the master branch of `litep2p` but I'll cut a
new release for the library once all review comments have been
addresses.
---------
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>
Co-authored-by: Alexandru Vasile <60601340+lexnv@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
The authority-discovery mechanism has implemented a few exponential
timers for:
- publishing the authority records
- goes from 2 seconds (when freshly booted) to 1 hour if the node is
long-running
- set to 1 hour after successfully publishing the authority record
- discovering other authority records
- goes from 2 seconds (when freshly booted) to 10 minutes if the node is
long-running
This PR resets the exponential publishing and discovery interval to
defaults ensuring that long-running nodes:
- will retry publishing the authority records as aggressively as freshly
booted nodes
- Currently, if a long-running node fails to publish the DHT record when
the keys change (ie DhtEvent::ValuePutFailed), it will only retry after
1 hour
- will rediscover other authorities faster (since there is a chance that
other authority keys changed)
The subp2p-explorer has difficulties discovering the authorities when
the authority set changes in the first few hours. This might be entirely
due to the recursive nature of the DHT and the needed time to propagate
the records. However, there is a small chance that the authority
publishing failed and is only retried in 1h.
Let me know if this makes sense 🙏
cc @paritytech/networking
---------
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>
Introduces `CryptoBytes` type defined as:
```rust
pub struct CryptoBytes<const N: usize, Tag = ()>(pub [u8; N], PhantomData<fn() -> Tag>);
```
The type implements a bunch of methods and traits which are typically
expected from a byte array newtype
(NOTE: some of the methods and trait implementations IMO are a bit
redundant, but I decided to maintain them all to not change too much
stuff in this PR)
It also introduces two (generic) typical consumers of `CryptoBytes`:
`PublicBytes` and `SignatureBytes`.
```rust
pub struct PublicTag;
pub PublicBytes<const N: usize, CryptoTag> = CryptoBytes<N, (PublicTag, CryptoTag)>;
pub struct SignatureTag;
pub SignatureBytes<const N: usize, CryptoTag> = CryptoBytes<N, (SignatureTag, CryptoTag)>;
```
Both of them use a tag to differentiate the two types at a higher level.
Downstream specializations will further specialize using a dedicated
crypto tag. For example in ECDSA:
```rust
pub struct EcdsaTag;
pub type Public = PublicBytes<PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE, EcdsaTag>;
pub type Signature = PublicBytes<PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE, EcdsaTag>;
```
Overall we have a cleaner and most importantly **consistent** code for
all the types involved
All these details are opaque to the end user which can use `Public` and
`Signature` for the cryptos as before
This PR adds a debug log for displaying all the public addresses that
will later be advertised in the DHT record of the authority. The
Authority DHT record will contain the address ++ `/p2p/peerID` (if not
already present).
This log enables us to check if different nodes will advertise in the
DHT record of the authority the same IP address, however with different
peer IDs.
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Vasile <alexandru.vasile@parity.io>
* update libp2p to 0.52.0
* proto name now must implement `AsRef<str>`
* update libp2p version everywhere
* ToSwarm, FromBehaviour, ToBehaviour
also LocalProtocolsChange and RemoteProtocolsChange
* new NetworkBehaviour invariants
* replace `Vec<u8>` with `StreamProtocol`
* rename ConnectionHandlerEvent::Custom to NotifyBehaviour
* remove DialError & ListenError invariants
also fix pending_events
* use connection_limits::Behaviour
See https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/pull/3885
* impl `void::Void` for `BehaviourOut`
also use `Behaviour::with_codec`
* KademliaHandler no longer public
* fix StreamProtocol construction
* update libp2p-identify to 0.2.0
* remove non-existing methods from PollParameters
rename ConnectionHandlerUpgrErr to StreamUpgradeError
* `P2p` now contains `PeerId`, not `Multihash`
* use multihash-codetable crate
* update Cargo.lock
* reformat text
* comment out tests for now
* remove `.into()` from P2p
* confirm observed addr manually
See https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/blob/master/protocols/identify/CHANGELOG.md#0430
* remove SwarmEvent::Banned
since we're not using `ban_peer_id`, this can be safely removed.
we may want to introduce `libp2p::allow_block_list` module in the future.
* fix imports
* replace `libp2p` with smaller deps in network-gossip
* bring back tests
* finish rewriting tests
* uncomment handler tests
* Revert "uncomment handler tests"
This reverts commit 720a06815887f4e10767c62b58864a7ec3a48e50.
* add a fixme
* update Cargo.lock
* remove extra From
* make void uninhabited
* fix discovery test
* use autonat protocols
confirming external addresses manually is unsafe in open networks
* fix SyncNotificationsClogged invariant
* only set server mode manually in tests
doubt that we need to set it on node since we're adding public addresses
* address @dmitry-markin comments
* remove autonat
* removed unused var
* fix EOL
* update smallvec and sha2
in attempt to compile polkadot
* bump k256
in attempt to build cumulus
---------
Co-authored-by: parity-processbot <>
* client/network: upgrade to libp2p 0.51.0
* make discovery.rs compile
* make peer_info.rs compile
* changes to notifications and request-response proto
* make service.rs compile
* towards making request_responses.rs compile
* make request_responses.rs compile
* make request_responses.rs compile
* fix notifications/behaviour.rs tests
* fix warnings
* remove old code
* allow deprecated code (temporary)
* upgrade to libp2p 0.51.1
* add TODO for behaviour tests
* return empty vec if peer_id is absent
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/13587#discussion_r1141695167
fyi: I don't really know what the old behaviour was.
* update comment to reflect new defaults
Closes#13338
* Revert "update comment to reflect new defaults"
This reverts commit 7a981abd69308e9d522ec94905f181439a1b1dba.
* remove config.rs (from wrong merge)
* upgrade to libp2p 0.51.2
* fix formatting
* use handle_pending_outbound_connection in networt_state RPC
* update deps
* use re-exports when we use other libp2p packages
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>
* format code
* handle potential errors in network_state RPC
* only update libp2p crate
* update libp2p-core
* fix docs
* use libp2p-identity instead of libp2p
where it's possible. libp2p-identity is much smaller, hence makes sense
to use it instead of larger libp2p crate.
* Update client/network/src/discovery.rs
Co-authored-by: Aaro Altonen <48052676+altonen@users.noreply.github.com>
* update Cargo.lock
* add comment for per_connection_event_buffer_size
current value is somewhat arbitrary and needs to be tweaked depending on
memory usage and network worker sleep stats.
* fix link format
* update Cargo.lock
* upgrade to libp2p 0.51.3
* deprecate mplex
* Revert "deprecate mplex"
This reverts commit 9e25820e706e464a0e962a8604861fcb2a7641eb.
* Revert "upgrade to libp2p 0.51.3"
This reverts commit 6544dd4138e2f89517bd7c7281fc78a638ec7040.
* use new libp2p version in `statement` crate
* pin version temporarily
* libp2p 0.51.3
* deprecate mplex
* deprecate legacy noise handshake
* fix build error
* update libp2p-identity
* enable libp2p-identity:ed25519 feature in sc-consensus
* enable ed25519 for peerset as well
---------
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>
Co-authored-by: Aaro Altonen <48052676+altonen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: parity-processbot <>
* Introduce keystore specialized sign methods
* Get rid of 'AppKey::UntypedGeneric' associated type.
Untyped generics are accessible using associated types 'Generic' associated type.
I.e. <T as AppKey>::Public::Generic
* Get rid of 'CryptoTypePublicPair'
* Trivial fix
* Small refactory of local keystore implementations
* Remove 'crypto_id' method from 'Public'
* Trivial rename of 'AppKey' to 'AppCrypto'
* Remove unused import
* Improve docs
* Better signature related errors for authority-discovery
* Apply review suggestion
* Apply review suggestions
Co-authored-by: Koute <koute@users.noreply.github.com>
* Authority discoverty signing error revisited
* Signing error revisited for babe and aura as well
* Further cleanup
---------
Co-authored-by: Koute <koute@users.noreply.github.com>
* Move service tests to `client/network/tests`
These tests depend on `sc-network` and `sc-network-sync` so they should
live outside the crate.
* Move some configs from `sc-network-common` to `sc-network`
* Move `NetworkService` traits to `sc-network`
* Move request-responses to `sc-network`
* Remove more stuff
* Remove rest of configs from `sc-network-common` to `sc-network`
* Remove more stuff
* Fix warnings
* Update client/network/src/request_responses.rs
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>
* Fix cargo doc
---------
Co-authored-by: Dmitry Markin <dmitry@markin.tech>
* Change copyright year to 2023 from 2022
* Fix incorrect update of copyright year
* Remove years from copy right header
* Fix remaining files
* Fix typo in a header and remove update-copyright.sh
* BlockId removal: refactor of runtime API
It changes the arguments of:
- `ApiExt` methods: `has_api`, `has_api_with`, `api_version`
- `CallApiAt` method: `runtime_version_at`
from: `BlockId<Block>` to: `Block::Hash`
It also changes the first argument of all generated runtime API calls from: `BlockId<Block>` to: `Block::Hash`
This PR is part of BlockId::Number refactoring analysis (paritytech/substrate#11292)
* BlockId removal: refactor of runtime API - tests
- tests adjusted to new runtime API,
- some tests migrated from block number to block hash
* benchmarking-cli: BlockId(0) migrated to info().genesis_hash
`runtime_api.call()` now requires the block hash instead of BlockId::Number.
To access the genesis hash widely used in benchmarking engine the Client
was constrained to satisfy `sp_blockchain::HeaderBackend<Block>` trait
which provides `info().genesis_hash`.
* trivial: api.call(BlockId) -> api.call(Hash)
- Migrated all `runtime_api.calls` to use Hash
- Noteworthy (?):
-- `validate_transaction_blocking` in transaction pool,
* CallApiAtParams::at changed to Block::Hash
* missed doc updated
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
* ".git/.scripts/commands/fmt/fmt.sh"
* BlockId removal: Benchmark::consumed_weight
Little refactor around `Benchmark::consumed_weight`: `BlockId` removed.
* at_hash renamed
* wrong merge fixed
* beefy worker: merged with master
* beefy: tests: missing block problem fixed
* Apply review suggestion
* fix
---------
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
Co-authored-by: command-bot <>
* Convert `NetworkWorker::poll()` into async `next_action()`
* Use `NetworkWorker::next_action` instead of `poll` in `sc-network-test`
* Revert "Use `NetworkWorker::next_action` instead of `poll` in `sc-network-test`"
This reverts commit 4b5d851ec864f78f9d083a18a618fbe117c896d2.
* Fix `sc-network-test` to poll `NetworkWorker::next_action`
* Fix `sc_network::service` tests to poll `NetworkWorker::next_action`
* Fix docs
* kick CI
* Factor out `next_worker_message()` & `next_swarm_event()`
* Error handling: replace `futures::pending!()` with `expect()`
* Simplify stream polling in `select!`
* Replace `NetworkWorker::next_action()` with `run()`
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
* minor: comment
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
* Print debug log when network future is shut down
* Evaluate `NetworkWorker::run()` future once before the loop
* Fix client code to match new `NetworkService` interfaces
* Make clippy happy
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
* Revert "Apply suggestions from code review"
This reverts commit 9fa646d0ed613e5f8623d3d37d1d59ec0a535850.
* Make `NetworkWorker::run()` consume `self`
* Terminate system RPC future if RPC rx stream has terminated.
* Rewrite with let-else
* Fix comments
* Get `best_seen_block` and call `on_block_finalized` via `ChainSync` instead of `NetworkService`
* rustfmt
* make clippy happy
* Tests: schedule wake if `next_action()` returned true
* minor: comment
* minor: fix `NetworkWorker` rustdoc
* minor: amend the rustdoc
* Fix bug that caused `on_demand_beefy_justification_sync` test to hang
* rustfmt
* Apply review suggestions
---------
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <git@kchr.de>
It changes the arguments of `HeaderBackend::status` method from: `BlockId<Block>` to: `Block::Hash`
This PR is part of BlockId::Number refactoring analysis (paritytech/substrate#11292)
Co-authored-by: parity-processbot <>
* cargo upgrade libp2p
* Get rid of `NetworkBehaviourEventProcess` in handling of `CustomMessageOutcome`
* Get rid of `NetworkBehaviourEventProcess` in handling of `request_responses::Event`
* Get rid of `NetworkBehaviourEventProcess` in handling of `peer_info::PeerInfoEvent`
* Get rid of `NetworkBehaviourEventProcess` in handling of `DiscoveryOut`
* Get rid of `poll()` method in `Bahaviour`
* minor: comments
* Upgrade libp2p to 0.49.0 (unreleased)
* Support multiple Kad protocol names
* Make borrow checker happy
* minor: wording
* Make substrate build with libp2p-0.49.0
* rustfmt
* Get rid of MdnsWrapper
* Resolve deprecation warnings
* Fix documentation
* Apply suggestions from code review: fix typos
Co-authored-by: Aaro Altonen <48052676+altonen@users.noreply.github.com>
* Apply suggestion: simplify kad protocol name matching
Co-authored-by: Aaro Altonen <48052676+altonen@users.noreply.github.com>
* Move `MultiaddrWithPeerId` and related parsing functions into `sc-network-common`, remove dependency on `sc-network` from `sc-chain-spec`
* Remove dependency on `sc-network` from `sc-offchain`
* Remove dependency on `sc-network` from `sc-network-gossip`
* Extract `NetworkKVProvider` trait in `sc-authority-discovery` and remove unnecessary dependency
* Extract `NetworkSyncForkRequest` trait in `sc-finality-grandpa`
* Relax requirements on `SyncOracle` trait, remove extra native methods from `NetworkService` that are already provided by trait impls
* Move `NetworkSigner` trait from `sc-authority-discovery` into `sc-network-common` and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Move `NetworkKVProvider` trait from `sc-authority-discovery` into `sc-network-common` and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Minimize `sc-authority-discovery` dependency on `sc-network`
* Move `NetworkSyncForkRequest` trait from `sc-finality-grandpa` to `sc-network-common` and de-duplicate methods in `NetworkService`
* Extract `NetworkStatusProvider` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Extract `NetworkPeers` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Extract `NetworkEventStream` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Move more methods from `NetworkService` into `NetworkPeers` trait
* Move `NetworkStateInfo` trait into `sc-network-common`
* Extract `NetworkNotification` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Extract `NetworkRequest` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Remove `NetworkService::local_peer_id()`, it is already provided by `NetworkStateInfo` impl
* Extract `NetworkTransaction` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Extract `NetworkBlock` trait and de-duplicate methods on `NetworkService`
* Remove dependencies on `NetworkService` from most of the methods of `sc-service`
* Address simple review comments
* Upgrade to libp2p 0.45.1
* Limit max_negotiating_inbound_streams to 512
* Upgrade prost-build to 0.10
* Set max_negotiating_inbound_streams to 2048
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>
* Fix authority discovery protobuf
* Fix comments in authority-discovery schema
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>
* Add a comment about transport initialization
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>
* Replace libsecp256k1 with secp256k1
* Wipe ecdsa secret key from memory on drop
* Some comments for a known issue
* Safer core crypto primitives `from_slice` constructor
Previous version panics if slice lenght is not the expected one.
* Unit test fix
* Enable use of global secp256k1 context
* Better comments for ecdsa `Pair` drop
* Replace `libsecp256k1` with `seco256k1` in `beefy-mmr`
Used to convert ecdsa public key to ETH address
* Replace `libsecp256k1` with `secp256k1` in FRAME `contracts`benchmarks
* Temporary rollback of `beefy-mmr` to libsecp256k1
Check for detected build issues
* Cargo fmt
* Rollback of FRAME `contracts` benchmarks to `libsecp256k1`
* Rollback for unrelated changes
* Typo fix
* Add comments for deprecated `ecdsa_verify` and `secp256k1_ecdsa_recover`
* Add a new host function for reporting fatal errors
* Fix one of the wasmtime executor tests
* Have `#[runtime_interface(wasm_only)]` actually mean WASM-only, and not no_std-only
* Print out errors through `Display` instead of `Debug`
* Switch one more trait to require `Error` for its error instead of only `Debug`
* Align to review comments
* Consolidating test and production code
* Signing/verifying authority discovery records with PeerId
Unsigned records cannot be rejected yet, they just produce
a warning in the log.
* Upgrading to libp2p 0.40
* libp2p::identity and sp_core::crypto Ed25519 are compatible
* Rejecting authority records unsigned by peer id can be configured
* Fixes based on review comments
* No command-line argument needed
* info was still too much spam in the logs
* Added tests for both strict and loose validation
* Fixing based on review comments
* Pierre preferred a signing method
* Ooops, I need to slow down
* Update bin/node/cli/src/service.rs
* Reexport libp2p crypto used in sc-network
* Added proto3 compatibility tests. And import noise.
Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>
* authority-discovery: Support multiple authority ids per peer id
An peer id can be mapped to multiple authority ids, because an authority id is a session key that
could be changed every session. Before this pr the internal authority discovery cache assumed that
each authority id can only be mapped to one peer id. However, this isn't true since we changed the
default implementation of the authority discovery to combine the current and next session authorities.
* Review feedback
* Update client/authority-discovery/src/worker/addr_cache.rs
Co-authored-by: Andronik Ordian <write@reusable.software>
* Early return on no peer ids
* Update client/authority-discovery/src/worker/addr_cache.rs
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>
* Update types in comment
* FMT
* Add warning
* Update client/authority-discovery/src/worker/addr_cache.rs
Co-authored-by: Andronik Ordian <write@reusable.software>
* Feedback
Co-authored-by: Andronik Ordian <write@reusable.software>
Co-authored-by: Pierre Krieger <pierre.krieger1708@gmail.com>
* Clean up sc-network
- Avoid using clone() for the Copy type `PeerId`.
- Use `find_map` for `filter_map` and `next`.
- Use `Self`.
* More on Copy types
* Cargo +nightly fmt --all
* More ..
* fmt
* Revert vec![default_notif_handshake_message]
* Run cargo fmt on the whole code base
* Second run
* Add CI check
* Fix compilation
* More unnecessary braces
* Handle weights
* Use --all
* Use correct attributes...
* Fix UI tests
* AHHHHHHHHH
* 🤦
* Docs
* Fix compilation
* 🤷
* Please stop
* 🤦 x 2
* More
* make rustfmt.toml consistent with polkadot
Co-authored-by: André Silva <andrerfosilva@gmail.com>
Aaro Altonen