// This file is part of Substrate. // Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd. // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. //! BLS (Boneh–Lynn–Shacham) Signature along with efficiently verifiable Chaum-Pedersen proof API. //! Signatures are implemented according to //! [Efficient Aggregatable BLS Signatures with Chaum-Pedersen Proofs](https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1611) //! Hash-to-BLS-curve is using Simplified SWU for AB == 0 //! [RFC 9380](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9380/) Sect 6.6.3. //! Chaum-Pedersen proof uses the same hash-to-field specified in RFC 9380 for the field of the BLS //! curve. use crate::crypto::{ CryptoType, DeriveError, DeriveJunction, Pair as TraitPair, PublicBytes, SecretStringError, SignatureBytes, UncheckedFrom, }; use sp_std::vec::Vec; use w3f_bls::{ DoublePublicKey, DoublePublicKeyScheme, DoubleSignature, EngineBLS, Keypair, Message, SecretKey, SerializableToBytes, TinyBLS381, }; /// BLS-377 specialized types pub mod bls377 { pub use super::{PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE, SIGNATURE_SERIALIZED_SIZE}; use crate::crypto::CryptoTypeId; use w3f_bls::TinyBLS377; /// An identifier used to match public keys against BLS12-377 keys pub const CRYPTO_ID: CryptoTypeId = CryptoTypeId(*b"bls7"); #[doc(hidden)] pub type Bls377Tag = TinyBLS377; /// BLS12-377 key pair. pub type Pair = super::Pair; /// BLS12-377 public key. pub type Public = super::Public; /// BLS12-377 signature. pub type Signature = super::Signature; impl super::HardJunctionId for TinyBLS377 { const ID: &'static str = "BLS12377HDKD"; } } /// BLS-381 specialized types pub mod bls381 { pub use super::{PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE, SIGNATURE_SERIALIZED_SIZE}; use crate::crypto::CryptoTypeId; use w3f_bls::TinyBLS381; /// An identifier used to match public keys against BLS12-381 keys pub const CRYPTO_ID: CryptoTypeId = CryptoTypeId(*b"bls8"); /// BLS12-381 key pair. pub type Pair = super::Pair; /// BLS12-381 public key. pub type Public = super::Public; /// BLS12-381 signature. pub type Signature = super::Signature; impl super::HardJunctionId for TinyBLS381 { const ID: &'static str = "BLS12381HDKD"; } } trait BlsBound: EngineBLS + HardJunctionId + Send + Sync + 'static {} impl BlsBound for T {} /// Secret key serialized size const SECRET_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE: usize = as SerializableToBytes>::SERIALIZED_BYTES_SIZE; /// Public key serialized size pub const PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE: usize = as SerializableToBytes>::SERIALIZED_BYTES_SIZE; /// Signature serialized size pub const SIGNATURE_SERIALIZED_SIZE: usize = as SerializableToBytes>::SERIALIZED_BYTES_SIZE; /// A secret seed. /// /// It's not called a "secret key" because ring doesn't expose the secret keys /// of the key pair (yeah, dumb); as such we're forced to remember the seed manually if we /// will need it later (such as for HDKD). type Seed = [u8; SECRET_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE]; #[doc(hidden)] pub struct BlsTag; /// A public key. pub type Public = PublicBytes; impl CryptoType for Public { type Pair = Pair; } /// A generic BLS signature. pub type Signature = SignatureBytes; impl CryptoType for Signature { type Pair = Pair; } /// A key pair. pub struct Pair(Keypair); impl Clone for Pair { fn clone(&self) -> Self { Pair(self.0.clone()) } } trait HardJunctionId { const ID: &'static str; } /// Derive a single hard junction. fn derive_hard_junction(secret_seed: &Seed, cc: &[u8; 32]) -> Seed { use codec::Encode; (T::ID, secret_seed, cc).using_encoded(sp_crypto_hashing::blake2_256) } impl Pair {} impl TraitPair for Pair { type Seed = Seed; type Public = Public; type Signature = Signature; fn from_seed_slice(seed_slice: &[u8]) -> Result { if seed_slice.len() != SECRET_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE { return Err(SecretStringError::InvalidSeedLength) } let secret = w3f_bls::SecretKey::from_seed(seed_slice); let public = secret.into_public(); Ok(Pair(w3f_bls::Keypair { secret, public })) } fn derive>( &self, path: Iter, seed: Option, ) -> Result<(Self, Option), DeriveError> { let mut acc: [u8; SECRET_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE] = seed.unwrap_or(self.0.secret.to_bytes().try_into().expect( "Secret key serializer returns a vector of SECRET_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE size; qed", )); for j in path { match j { DeriveJunction::Soft(_cc) => return Err(DeriveError::SoftKeyInPath), DeriveJunction::Hard(cc) => acc = derive_hard_junction::(&acc, &cc), } } Ok((Self::from_seed(&acc), Some(acc))) } fn public(&self) -> Self::Public { let mut raw = [0u8; PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE]; let pk = DoublePublicKeyScheme::into_double_public_key(&self.0).to_bytes(); raw.copy_from_slice(pk.as_slice()); Self::Public::unchecked_from(raw) } #[cfg(feature = "full_crypto")] fn sign(&self, message: &[u8]) -> Self::Signature { let mut mutable_self = self.clone(); let r: [u8; SIGNATURE_SERIALIZED_SIZE] = DoublePublicKeyScheme::sign(&mut mutable_self.0, &Message::new(b"", message)) .to_bytes() .try_into() .expect("Signature serializer returns vectors of SIGNATURE_SERIALIZED_SIZE size"); Self::Signature::unchecked_from(r) } fn verify>(sig: &Self::Signature, message: M, pubkey: &Self::Public) -> bool { let pubkey_array: [u8; PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE] = match <[u8; PUBLIC_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE]>::try_from(pubkey.as_ref()) { Ok(pk) => pk, Err(_) => return false, }; let public_key = match w3f_bls::double::DoublePublicKey::::from_bytes(&pubkey_array) { Ok(pk) => pk, Err(_) => return false, }; let sig_array = match sig.0[..].try_into() { Ok(s) => s, Err(_) => return false, }; let sig = match w3f_bls::double::DoubleSignature::from_bytes(sig_array) { Ok(s) => s, Err(_) => return false, }; sig.verify(&Message::new(b"", message.as_ref()), &public_key) } /// Get the seed for this key. fn to_raw_vec(&self) -> Vec { self.0 .secret .to_bytes() .try_into() .expect("Secret key serializer returns a vector of SECRET_KEY_SERIALIZED_SIZE size") } } impl CryptoType for Pair { type Pair = Pair; } // Test set exercising the BLS12-377 implementation #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[cfg(feature = "serde")] use crate::crypto::Ss58Codec; use crate::crypto::DEV_PHRASE; use bls377::{Pair, Signature}; #[test] fn default_phrase_should_be_used() { assert_eq!( Pair::from_string("//Alice///password", None).unwrap().public(), Pair::from_string(&format!("{}//Alice", DEV_PHRASE), Some("password")) .unwrap() .public(), ); } #[test] fn seed_and_derive_should_work() { let seed = array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked( "9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc44449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60", ); let pair = Pair::from_seed(&seed); // we are using hash-to-field so this is not going to work // assert_eq!(pair.seed(), seed); let path = vec![DeriveJunction::Hard([0u8; 32])]; let derived = pair.derive(path.into_iter(), None).ok().unwrap().0; assert_eq!( derived.to_raw_vec(), array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked::<_, 32>( "3a0626d095148813cd1642d38254f1cfff7eb8cc1a2fc83b2a135377c3554c12" ) ); } #[test] fn test_vector_should_work() { let pair = Pair::from_seed(&array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked( "9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc44449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60", )); let public = pair.public(); assert_eq!( public, Public::unchecked_from(array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked( "7a84ca8ce4c37c93c95ecee6a3c0c9a7b9c225093cf2f12dc4f69cbfb847ef9424a18f5755d5a742247d386ff2aabb806bcf160eff31293ea9616976628f77266c8a8cc1d8753be04197bd6cdd8c5c87a148f782c4c1568d599b48833fd539001e580cff64bbc71850605433fcd051f3afc3b74819786f815ffb5272030a8d03e5df61e6183f8fd8ea85f26defa83400" )) ); let message = b""; let signature = array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked("d1e3013161991e142d8751017d4996209c2ff8a9ee160f373733eda3b4b785ba6edce9f45f87104bbe07aa6aa6eb2780aa705efb2c13d3b317d6409d159d23bdc7cdd5c2a832d1551cf49d811d49c901495e527dbd532e3a462335ce2686009104aba7bc11c5b22be78f3198d2727a0b" ); let signature = Signature::unchecked_from(signature); assert!(pair.sign(&message[..]) == signature); assert!(Pair::verify(&signature, &message[..], &public)); } #[test] fn test_vector_by_string_should_work() { let pair = Pair::from_string( "0x9d61b19deffd5a60ba844af492ec2cc44449c5697b326919703bac031cae7f60", None, ) .unwrap(); let public = pair.public(); assert_eq!( public, Public::unchecked_from(array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked( "7a84ca8ce4c37c93c95ecee6a3c0c9a7b9c225093cf2f12dc4f69cbfb847ef9424a18f5755d5a742247d386ff2aabb806bcf160eff31293ea9616976628f77266c8a8cc1d8753be04197bd6cdd8c5c87a148f782c4c1568d599b48833fd539001e580cff64bbc71850605433fcd051f3afc3b74819786f815ffb5272030a8d03e5df61e6183f8fd8ea85f26defa83400" )) ); let message = b""; let signature = array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked("d1e3013161991e142d8751017d4996209c2ff8a9ee160f373733eda3b4b785ba6edce9f45f87104bbe07aa6aa6eb2780aa705efb2c13d3b317d6409d159d23bdc7cdd5c2a832d1551cf49d811d49c901495e527dbd532e3a462335ce2686009104aba7bc11c5b22be78f3198d2727a0b" ); let expected_signature = Signature::unchecked_from(signature); println!("signature is {:?}", pair.sign(&message[..])); let signature = pair.sign(&message[..]); assert!(signature == expected_signature); assert!(Pair::verify(&signature, &message[..], &public)); } #[test] fn generated_pair_should_work() { let (pair, _) = Pair::generate(); let public = pair.public(); let message = b"Something important"; let signature = pair.sign(&message[..]); assert!(Pair::verify(&signature, &message[..], &public)); assert!(!Pair::verify(&signature, b"Something else", &public)); } #[test] fn seeded_pair_should_work() { let pair = Pair::from_seed(b"12345678901234567890123456789012"); let public = pair.public(); assert_eq!( public, Public::unchecked_from( array_bytes::hex2array_unchecked( "754d2f2bbfa67df54d7e0e951979a18a1e0f45948857752cc2bac6bbb0b1d05e8e48bcc453920bf0c4bbd5993212480112a1fb433f04d74af0a8b700d93dc957ab3207f8d071e948f5aca1a7632c00bdf6d06be05b43e2e6216dccc8a5d55a0071cb2313cfd60b7e9114619cd17c06843b352f0b607a99122f6651df8f02e1ad3697bd208e62af047ddd7b942ba80080") ) ); let message = array_bytes::hex2bytes_unchecked("2f8c6129d816cf51c374bc7f08c3e63ed156cf78aefb4a6550d97b87997977ee00000000000000000200d75a980182b10ab7d54bfed3c964073a0ee172f3daa62325af021a68f707511a4500000000000000" ); let signature = pair.sign(&message[..]); println!("Correct signature: {:?}", signature); assert!(Pair::verify(&signature, &message[..], &public)); assert!(!Pair::verify(&signature, "Other message", &public)); } #[test] fn generate_with_phrase_recovery_possible() { let (pair1, phrase, _) = Pair::generate_with_phrase(None); let (pair2, _) = Pair::from_phrase(&phrase, None).unwrap(); assert_eq!(pair1.public(), pair2.public()); } #[test] fn generate_with_password_phrase_recovery_possible() { let (pair1, phrase, _) = Pair::generate_with_phrase(Some("password")); let (pair2, _) = Pair::from_phrase(&phrase, Some("password")).unwrap(); assert_eq!(pair1.public(), pair2.public()); } #[test] fn generate_with_phrase_should_be_recoverable_with_from_string() { let (pair, phrase, seed) = Pair::generate_with_phrase(None); let repair_seed = Pair::from_seed_slice(seed.as_ref()).expect("seed slice is valid"); assert_eq!(pair.public(), repair_seed.public()); assert_eq!(pair.to_raw_vec(), repair_seed.to_raw_vec()); let (repair_phrase, reseed) = Pair::from_phrase(phrase.as_ref(), None).expect("seed slice is valid"); assert_eq!(seed, reseed); assert_eq!(pair.public(), repair_phrase.public()); assert_eq!(pair.to_raw_vec(), repair_seed.to_raw_vec()); let repair_string = Pair::from_string(phrase.as_str(), None).expect("seed slice is valid"); assert_eq!(pair.public(), repair_string.public()); assert_eq!(pair.to_raw_vec(), repair_seed.to_raw_vec()); } #[test] fn password_does_something() { let (pair1, phrase, _) = Pair::generate_with_phrase(Some("password")); let (pair2, _) = Pair::from_phrase(&phrase, None).unwrap(); assert_ne!(pair1.public(), pair2.public()); assert_ne!(pair1.to_raw_vec(), pair2.to_raw_vec()); } #[test] fn ss58check_roundtrip_works() { let pair = Pair::from_seed(b"12345678901234567890123456789012"); let public = pair.public(); let s = public.to_ss58check(); println!("Correct: {}", s); let cmp = Public::from_ss58check(&s).unwrap(); assert_eq!(cmp, public); } #[test] fn signature_serialization_works() { let pair = Pair::from_seed(b"12345678901234567890123456789012"); let message = b"Something important"; let signature = pair.sign(&message[..]); let serialized_signature = serde_json::to_string(&signature).unwrap(); // Signature is 112 bytes, hexify * 2, so 224 chars + 2 quote chars assert_eq!(serialized_signature.len(), 226); let signature = serde_json::from_str(&serialized_signature).unwrap(); assert!(Pair::verify(&signature, &message[..], &pair.public())); } #[test] fn signature_serialization_doesnt_panic() { fn deserialize_signature(text: &str) -> Result { serde_json::from_str(text) } assert!(deserialize_signature("Not valid json.").is_err()); assert!(deserialize_signature("\"Not an actual signature.\"").is_err()); // Poorly-sized assert!(deserialize_signature("\"abc123\"").is_err()); } }