Bastian Köcher
5eb816d7a6
* Start * More work! * Moar * More changes * More fixes * More worrk * More fixes * More fixes to make it compile * Adds `NoOffchainStorage` * Pass the extensions * Small basti making small progress * Fix merge errors and remove `ExecutionContext` * Move registration of `ReadRuntimeVersionExt` to `ExecutionExtension` Instead of registering `ReadRuntimeVersionExt` in `sp-state-machine` it is moved to `ExecutionExtension` which provides the default extensions. * Fix compilation * Register the global extensions inside runtime api instance * Fixes * Fix `generate_initial_session_keys` by passing the keystore extension * Fix the grandpa tests * Fix more tests * Fix more tests * Don't set any heap pages if there isn't an override * Fix small fallout * FMT * Fix tests * More tests * Offchain worker custom extensions * More fixes * Make offchain tx pool creation reusable Introduces an `OffchainTransactionPoolFactory` for creating offchain transactions pools that can be registered in the runtime externalities context. This factory will be required for a later pr to make the creation of offchain transaction pools easier. * Fixes * Fixes * Set offchain transaction pool in BABE before using it in the runtime * Add the `offchain_tx_pool` to Grandpa as well * Fix the nodes * Print some error when using the old warnings * Fix merge issues * Fix compilation * Rename `babe_link` * Rename to `offchain_tx_pool_factory` * Cleanup * FMT * Fix benchmark name * Fix `try-runtime` * Remove `--execution` CLI args * Make clippy happy * Forward bls functions * Fix docs * Update UI tests * Update client/api/src/execution_extensions.rs Co-authored-by: Michal Kucharczyk <1728078+michalkucharczyk@users.noreply.github.com> * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Koute <koute@users.noreply.github.com> * Update client/cli/src/params/import_params.rs Co-authored-by: Koute <koute@users.noreply.github.com> * Update client/api/src/execution_extensions.rs Co-authored-by: Koute <koute@users.noreply.github.com> * Pass the offchain storage to the MMR RPC * Update client/api/src/execution_extensions.rs Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <skunert49@gmail.com> * Review comments * Fixes --------- Co-authored-by: Michal Kucharczyk <1728078+michalkucharczyk@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Koute <koute@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Sebastian Kunert <skunert49@gmail.com>
BABE (Blind Assignment for Blockchain Extension)
BABE is a slot-based block production mechanism which uses a VRF PRNG to randomly perform the slot allocation. On every slot, all the authorities generate a new random number with the VRF function and if it is lower than a given threshold (which is proportional to their weight/stake) they have a right to produce a block. The proof of the VRF function execution will be used by other peer to validate the legitimacy of the slot claim.
The engine is also responsible for collecting entropy on-chain which will be used to seed the given VRF PRNG. An epoch is a contiguous number of slots under which we will be using the same authority set. During an epoch all VRF outputs produced as a result of block production will be collected on an on-chain randomness pool. Epoch changes are announced one epoch in advance, i.e. when ending epoch N, we announce the parameters (randomness, authorities, etc.) for epoch N+2.
Since the slot assignment is randomized, it is possible that a slot is assigned to multiple validators in which case we will have a temporary fork, or that a slot is assigned to no validator in which case no block is produced. Which means that block times are not deterministic.
The protocol has a parameter c [0, 1] for which 1 - c is the probability
of a slot being empty. The choice of this parameter affects the security of
the protocol relating to maximum tolerable network delays.
In addition to the VRF-based slot assignment described above, which we will call primary slots, the engine also supports a deterministic secondary slot assignment. Primary slots take precedence over secondary slots, when authoring the node starts by trying to claim a primary slot and falls back to a secondary slot claim attempt. The secondary slot assignment is done by picking the authority at index:
blake2_256(epoch_randomness ++ slot_number) % authorities_len.
The secondary slots supports either a SecondaryPlain or SecondaryVRF
variant. Comparing with SecondaryPlain variant, the SecondaryVRF variant
generates an additional VRF output. The output is not included in beacon
randomness, but can be consumed by parachains.
The fork choice rule is weight-based, where weight equals the number of primary blocks in the chain. We will pick the heaviest chain (more primary blocks) and will go with the longest one in case of a tie.
An in-depth description and analysis of the protocol can be found here: https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/block-production/Babe.html
License: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0