Files
pezkuwi-subxt/substrate/test-utils/runtime/src/extrinsic.rs
T
Gavin Wood fd5f9292f5 FRAME: Create TransactionExtension as a replacement for SignedExtension (#2280)
Closes #2160

First part of [Extrinsic
Horizon](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415)

Introduces a new trait `TransactionExtension` to replace
`SignedExtension`. Introduce the idea of transactions which obey the
runtime's extensions and have according Extension data (né Extra data)
yet do not have hard-coded signatures.

Deprecate the terminology of "Unsigned" when used for
transactions/extrinsics owing to there now being "proper" unsigned
transactions which obey the extension framework and "old-style" unsigned
which do not. Instead we have __*General*__ for the former and
__*Bare*__ for the latter. (Ultimately, the latter will be phased out as
a type of transaction, and Bare will only be used for Inherents.)

Types of extrinsic are now therefore:
- Bare (no hardcoded signature, no Extra data; used to be known as
"Unsigned")
- Bare transactions (deprecated): Gossiped, validated with
`ValidateUnsigned` (deprecated) and the `_bare_compat` bits of
`TransactionExtension` (deprecated).
  - Inherents: Not gossiped, validated with `ProvideInherent`.
- Extended (Extra data): Gossiped, validated via `TransactionExtension`.
  - Signed transactions (with a hardcoded signature).
  - General transactions (without a hardcoded signature).

`TransactionExtension` differs from `SignedExtension` because:
- A signature on the underlying transaction may validly not be present.
- It may alter the origin during validation.
- `pre_dispatch` is renamed to `prepare` and need not contain the checks
present in `validate`.
- `validate` and `prepare` is passed an `Origin` rather than a
`AccountId`.
- `validate` may pass arbitrary information into `prepare` via a new
user-specifiable type `Val`.
- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`. It is encoded *for the entire transaction* and
passed in to each extension as a new argument to `validate`. This
facilitates the ability of extensions to acts as underlying crypto.

There is a new `DispatchTransaction` trait which contains only default
function impls and is impl'ed for any `TransactionExtension` impler. It
provides several utility functions which reduce some of the tedium from
using `TransactionExtension` (indeed, none of its regular functions
should now need to be called directly).

Three transaction version discriminator ("versions") are now
permissible:
- 0b000000100: Bare (used to be called "Unsigned"): contains Signature
or Extra (extension data). After bare transactions are no longer
supported, this will strictly identify an Inherents only.
- 0b100000100: Old-school "Signed" Transaction: contains Signature and
Extra (extension data).
- 0b010000100: New-school "General" Transaction: contains Extra
(extension data), but no Signature.

For the New-school General Transaction, it becomes trivial for authors
to publish extensions to the mechanism for authorizing an Origin, e.g.
through new kinds of key-signing schemes, ZK proofs, pallet state,
mutations over pre-authenticated origins or any combination of the
above.

## Code Migration

### NOW: Getting it to build

Wrap your `SignedExtension`s in `AsTransactionExtension`. This should be
accompanied by renaming your aggregate type in line with the new
terminology. E.g. Before:

```rust
/// The SignedExtension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type SignedExtra = (
	/* snip */
	MySpecialSignedExtension,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, SignedExtra>;
```

After:

```rust
/// The extension to the basic transaction logic.
pub type TxExtension = (
	/* snip */
	AsTransactionExtension<MySpecialSignedExtension>,
);
/// Unchecked extrinsic type as expected by this runtime.
pub type UncheckedExtrinsic =
	generic::UncheckedExtrinsic<Address, RuntimeCall, Signature, TxExtension>;
```

You'll also need to alter any transaction building logic to add a
`.into()` to make the conversion happen. E.g. Before:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let extra: SignedExtra = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), extra.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		extra,
	)
}
```

After:

```rust
fn construct_extrinsic(
		/* snip */
) -> UncheckedExtrinsic {
	let tx_ext: TxExtension = (
		/* snip */
		MySpecialSignedExtension::new(/* snip */).into(),
	);
	let payload = SignedPayload::new(call.clone(), tx_ext.clone()).unwrap();
	let signature = payload.using_encoded(|e| sender.sign(e));
	UncheckedExtrinsic::new_signed(
		/* snip */
		Signature::Sr25519(signature),
		tx_ext,
	)
}
```

### SOON: Migrating to `TransactionExtension`

Most `SignedExtension`s can be trivially converted to become a
`TransactionExtension`. There are a few things to know.

- Instead of a single trait like `SignedExtension`, you should now
implement two traits individually: `TransactionExtensionBase` and
`TransactionExtension`.
- Weights are now a thing and must be provided via the new function `fn
weight`.

#### `TransactionExtensionBase`

This trait takes care of anything which is not dependent on types
specific to your runtime, most notably `Call`.

- `AdditionalSigned`/`additional_signed` is renamed to
`Implicit`/`implicit`.
- Weight must be returned by implementing the `weight` function. If your
extension is associated with a pallet, you'll probably want to do this
via the pallet's existing benchmarking infrastructure.

#### `TransactionExtension`

Generally:
- `pre_dispatch` is now `prepare` and you *should not reexecute the
`validate` functionality in there*!
- You don't get an account ID any more; you get an origin instead. If
you need to presume an account ID, then you can use the trait function
`AsSystemOriginSigner::as_system_origin_signer`.
- You get an additional ticket, similar to `Pre`, called `Val`. This
defines data which is passed from `validate` into `prepare`. This is
important since you should not be duplicating logic from `validate` to
`prepare`, you need a way of passing your working from the former into
the latter. This is it.
- This trait takes two type parameters: `Call` and `Context`. `Call` is
the runtime call type which used to be an associated type; you can just
move it to become a type parameter for your trait impl. `Context` is not
currently used and you can safely implement over it as an unbounded
type.
- There's no `AccountId` associated type any more. Just remove it.

Regarding `validate`:
- You get three new parameters in `validate`; all can be ignored when
migrating from `SignedExtension`.
- `validate` returns a tuple on success; the second item in the tuple is
the new ticket type `Self::Val` which gets passed in to `prepare`. If
you use any information extracted during `validate` (off-chain and
on-chain, non-mutating) in `prepare` (on-chain, mutating) then you can
pass it through with this. For the tuple's last item, just return the
`origin` argument.

Regarding `prepare`:
- This is renamed from `pre_dispatch`, but there is one change:
- FUNCTIONALITY TO VALIDATE THE TRANSACTION NEED NOT BE DUPLICATED FROM
`validate`!!
- (This is different to `SignedExtension` which was required to run the
same checks in `pre_dispatch` as in `validate`.)

Regarding `post_dispatch`:
- Since there are no unsigned transactions handled by
`TransactionExtension`, `Pre` is always defined, so the first parameter
is `Self::Pre` rather than `Option<Self::Pre>`.

If you make use of `SignedExtension::validate_unsigned` or
`SignedExtension::pre_dispatch_unsigned`, then:
- Just use the regular versions of these functions instead.
- Have your logic execute in the case that the `origin` is `None`.
- Ensure your transaction creation logic creates a General Transaction
rather than a Bare Transaction; this means having to include all
`TransactionExtension`s' data.
- `ValidateUnsigned` can still be used (for now) if you need to be able
to construct transactions which contain none of the extension data,
however these will be phased out in stage 2 of the Transactions Horizon,
so you should consider moving to an extension-centric design.

## TODO

- [x] Introduce `CheckSignature` impl of `TransactionExtension` to
ensure it's possible to have crypto be done wholly in a
`TransactionExtension`.
- [x] Deprecate `SignedExtension` and move all uses in codebase to
`TransactionExtension`.
  - [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment`
  - [x] `DummyExtension`
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-tx-payment)
  - [x] `ChargeAssetTxPayment` (asset-conversion-tx-payment)
  - [x] `CheckWeight`
  - [x] `CheckTxVersion`
  - [x] `CheckSpecVersion`
  - [x] `CheckNonce`
  - [x] `CheckNonZeroSender`
  - [x] `CheckMortality`
  - [x] `CheckGenesis`
  - [x] `CheckOnlySudoAccount`
  - [x] `WatchDummy`
  - [x] `PrevalidateAttests`
  - [x] `GenericSignedExtension`
  - [x] `SignedExtension` (chain-polkadot-bulletin)
  - [x] `RefundSignedExtensionAdapter`
- [x] Implement `fn weight` across the board.
- [ ] Go through all pre-existing extensions which assume an account
signer and explicitly handle the possibility of another kind of origin.
- [x] `CheckNonce` should probably succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `CheckNonZeroSender` should succeed in the case of a non-account
origin.
- [x] `ChargeTransactionPayment` and family should fail in the case of a
non-account origin.
  - [ ] 
- [x] Fix any broken tests.

---------

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207 lines
6.8 KiB
Rust

// This file is part of Substrate.
// Copyright (C) Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//! Provides utils for building the `Extrinsic` instances used with `substrate-test-runtime`.
use crate::{
substrate_test_pallet::pallet::Call as PalletCall, AccountId, Balance, BalancesCall,
CheckSubstrateCall, Extrinsic, Nonce, Pair, RuntimeCall, SignedPayload, TransferData,
};
use codec::Encode;
use frame_system::{CheckNonce, CheckWeight};
use sp_core::crypto::Pair as TraitPair;
use sp_keyring::AccountKeyring;
use sp_runtime::{generic::Preamble, transaction_validity::TransactionPriority, Perbill};
use sp_std::prelude::*;
/// Transfer used in test substrate pallet. Extrinsic is created and signed using this data.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Transfer {
/// Transfer sender and signer of created extrinsic
pub from: Pair,
/// The recipient of the transfer
pub to: AccountId,
/// Amount of transfer
pub amount: Balance,
/// Sender's account nonce at which transfer is valid
pub nonce: u64,
}
impl Transfer {
/// Convert into a signed unchecked extrinsic.
pub fn into_unchecked_extrinsic(self) -> Extrinsic {
ExtrinsicBuilder::new_transfer(self).build()
}
}
impl Default for TransferData {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
from: AccountKeyring::Alice.into(),
to: AccountKeyring::Bob.into(),
amount: 0,
nonce: 0,
}
}
}
/// If feasible converts given `Extrinsic` to `TransferData`
impl TryFrom<&Extrinsic> for TransferData {
type Error = ();
fn try_from(uxt: &Extrinsic) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
match uxt {
Extrinsic {
function: RuntimeCall::Balances(BalancesCall::transfer_allow_death { dest, value }),
preamble: Preamble::Signed(from, _, ((CheckNonce(nonce), ..), ..)),
} => Ok(TransferData { from: *from, to: *dest, amount: *value, nonce: *nonce }),
Extrinsic {
function: RuntimeCall::SubstrateTest(PalletCall::bench_call { transfer }),
preamble: Preamble::Bare,
} => Ok(transfer.clone()),
_ => Err(()),
}
}
}
/// Generates `Extrinsic`
pub struct ExtrinsicBuilder {
function: RuntimeCall,
signer: Option<Pair>,
nonce: Option<Nonce>,
}
impl ExtrinsicBuilder {
/// Create builder for given `RuntimeCall`. By default `Extrinsic` will be signed by `Alice`.
pub fn new(function: impl Into<RuntimeCall>) -> Self {
Self { function: function.into(), signer: Some(AccountKeyring::Alice.pair()), nonce: None }
}
/// Create builder for given `RuntimeCall`. `Extrinsic` will be unsigned.
pub fn new_unsigned(function: impl Into<RuntimeCall>) -> Self {
Self { function: function.into(), signer: None, nonce: None }
}
/// Create builder for `pallet_call::bench_transfer` from given `TransferData`.
pub fn new_bench_call(transfer: TransferData) -> Self {
Self::new_unsigned(PalletCall::bench_call { transfer })
}
/// Create builder for given `Transfer`. Transfer `nonce` will be used as `Extrinsic` nonce.
/// Transfer `from` will be used as Extrinsic signer.
pub fn new_transfer(transfer: Transfer) -> Self {
Self {
nonce: Some(transfer.nonce),
signer: Some(transfer.from.clone()),
..Self::new(BalancesCall::transfer_allow_death {
dest: transfer.to,
value: transfer.amount,
})
}
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::include_data` call using given parameters
pub fn new_include_data(data: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::include_data { data })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::storage_change` call using given parameters. Will
/// create unsigned Extrinsic.
pub fn new_storage_change(key: Vec<u8>, value: Option<Vec<u8>>) -> Self {
Self::new_unsigned(PalletCall::storage_change { key, value })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::offchain_index_set` call using given parameters
pub fn new_offchain_index_set(key: Vec<u8>, value: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::offchain_index_set { key, value })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::offchain_index_clear` call using given parameters
pub fn new_offchain_index_clear(key: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::offchain_index_clear { key })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::indexed_call` call using given parameters
pub fn new_indexed_call(data: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::indexed_call { data })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::new_deposit_log_digest_item` call using given `log`
pub fn new_deposit_log_digest_item(log: sp_runtime::generic::DigestItem) -> Self {
Self::new_unsigned(PalletCall::deposit_log_digest_item { log })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::Call::new_deposit_log_digest_item`
pub fn new_fill_block(ratio: Perbill) -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::fill_block { ratio })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::call_do_not_propagate` call using given parameters
pub fn new_call_do_not_propagate() -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::call_do_not_propagate {})
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::call_with_priority` call using given parameters
pub fn new_call_with_priority(priority: TransactionPriority) -> Self {
Self::new(PalletCall::call_with_priority { priority })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::read` call using given parameters
pub fn new_read(count: u32) -> Self {
Self::new_unsigned(PalletCall::read { count })
}
/// Create builder for `PalletCall::read` call using given parameters
pub fn new_read_and_panic(count: u32) -> Self {
Self::new_unsigned(PalletCall::read_and_panic { count })
}
/// Unsigned `Extrinsic` will be created
pub fn unsigned(mut self) -> Self {
self.signer = None;
self
}
/// Given `nonce` will be set in `Extrinsic`
pub fn nonce(mut self, nonce: Nonce) -> Self {
self.nonce = Some(nonce);
self
}
/// Extrinsic will be signed by `signer`
pub fn signer(mut self, signer: Pair) -> Self {
self.signer = Some(signer);
self
}
/// Build `Extrinsic` using embedded parameters
pub fn build(self) -> Extrinsic {
if let Some(signer) = self.signer {
let tx_ext = (
(CheckNonce::from(self.nonce.unwrap_or(0)), CheckWeight::new()),
CheckSubstrateCall {},
);
let raw_payload =
SignedPayload::from_raw(self.function.clone(), tx_ext.clone(), (((), ()), ()));
let signature = raw_payload.using_encoded(|e| signer.sign(e));
Extrinsic::new_signed(self.function, signer.public(), signature, tx_ext)
} else {
Extrinsic::new_bare(self.function)
}
}
}