fix: enable native debug symbols for Play Store

Set strip = false in all Rust binding Cargo.toml files so AGP can
extract debug symbols before stripping for the final APK.
Previously strip = "debuginfo" removed symbols during Rust compilation,
leaving nothing for AGP's debugSymbolLevel = FULL to extract.

bindings/metadata_shortener/rust/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ frame-metadata = { version = "16.0.0", features = [ "current" ] }
 codec = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "3.6.9", features = [ "derive" ] }
 
 [profile.release]
-strip = "debuginfo"
+strip = false
 lto = true
 opt-level = "s"