Add new gas metering method: mutable global + local gas function (#34)

* fix misprints in doc comments

* added global gas tracker variable and local gas fn

* all exported functions of the module to accept a new param and to set the gas_left global to its value at their very start

* make module support both gas metering methods

* tests fixed for the old metering method

* better naming

* MutableGlobal metering method implemented, tests for the old method pass

* gas_metering::tests updated and pass

* all tests udpdated and pass

* emacs backup files to .gitignore

* docs updated

* clippy fix

* iff = if and only if

* more clippy

* docs misprints fixes

* refactored to have Backend trait and two implementations in separate sub-modules

* docs updated

* fixed old benches (updating them is coming next)

* added bench for an instrumented wasm-coremark

* updated benches: added them for both gas_metering instrumentations

* benches contest first ver

* added debug prints to the bench

* refactored to better fit frontend-backend pattern

* docs update

* updated benches

* design updated on feedback

* re-structured sub-modules

re-structured sub-modules & updated docs

* docs improved

* addressed latest feedback comments

* re-writed the local gas function

* coremark benches show ~20% performance improvement

* fix ci: test + clippy

* save before re-factoring prepare_in_wasm()

* bare_call_16 shows 16% worse perf

* + fibonacci recursive bench

* refactored benchmarks

* + factorial recursive bench

* benches on wasmi fixtures show no perf improvement, coremark runs ~20% faster being instrumented with mutable_global gas metering

* charge gas for local gas func isntructions execution

* replaced benchmark which requires multi_value feature

* save: optimized gas func a bit (benches work, fixture tests fail)

* 1033% overhead on many_blocks.wasm when mut_global gas_metering together with stack_height

* size overhead test for both gas metering methods + stack limiter

* added more benches

* improved print_size_overhead test

* test for comparing size overheads of two gas_metering injectors

* before optimization: benches + size overhead

* optimization try-1: inline part of gas func instructions: +benches +size overheads

* optimization try-2: inline hot path of gas fn:  +benches +size overheads

* opt try-3: count for gas fn cost on the caller side: +benches +size overhead

* revert to initial version but with static gas fn cost on the caller side: +benches +sizes

* tests fixed

* use newest wasmi 0.20: +benches +docs updated

* use if-else block instead of Return: +benches

* fix tests

* clippy fix

* addressed review comments

* Update changelog

Co-authored-by: Alexander Theißen <alex.theissen@me.com>
This commit is contained in:
Sasha Gryaznov
2022-11-20 16:00:10 +02:00
committed by GitHub
parent 90cb67d5d7
commit a4dde28607
38 changed files with 1775 additions and 183 deletions
+528 -5
View File
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
use criterion::{
criterion_group, criterion_main, measurement::Measurement, BenchmarkGroup, Criterion,
criterion_group, criterion_main, measurement::Measurement, Bencher, BenchmarkGroup, Criterion,
Throughput,
};
use std::{
fs::{read, read_dir},
path::PathBuf,
slice,
};
use wasm_instrument::{
gas_metering, inject_stack_limiter,
parity_wasm::{deserialize_buffer, elements::Module},
gas_metering::{self, host_function, mutable_global, Backend, ConstantCostRules},
inject_stack_limiter,
parity_wasm::{deserialize_buffer, elements::Module, serialize},
};
fn fixture_dir() -> PathBuf {
let mut path = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
path.push("benches");
path.push("fixtures");
path.push("wasm");
path
}
@@ -36,7 +39,12 @@ where
fn gas_metering(c: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("Gas Metering");
any_fixture(&mut group, |module| {
gas_metering::inject(module, &gas_metering::ConstantCostRules::default(), "env").unwrap();
gas_metering::inject(
module,
host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas"),
&ConstantCostRules::default(),
)
.unwrap();
});
}
@@ -47,5 +55,520 @@ fn stack_height_limiter(c: &mut Criterion) {
});
}
use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
use wasmi::{
self,
core::{Pages, Value, F32},
Caller, Config, Engine, Extern, Func, Instance, Linker, Memory, StackLimits, Store,
};
fn prepare_module<P: Backend>(backend: P, input: &[u8]) -> (wasmi::Module, Store<u64>) {
let module = deserialize_buffer(input).unwrap();
let instrumented_module =
gas_metering::inject(module, backend, &ConstantCostRules::default()).unwrap();
let input = serialize(instrumented_module).unwrap();
// Prepare wasmi
let engine = Engine::new(&bench_config());
let module = wasmi::Module::new(&engine, &mut &input[..]).unwrap();
// Init host state with maximum gas_left
let store = Store::new(&engine, u64::MAX);
(module, store)
}
fn add_gas_host_func(linker: &mut Linker<u64>, store: &mut Store<u64>) {
// Create gas host function
let host_gas = Func::wrap(store, |mut caller: Caller<'_, u64>, param: u64| {
*caller.host_data_mut() -= param;
});
// Link the gas host function
linker.define("env", "gas", host_gas).unwrap();
}
fn add_gas_left_global(instance: &Instance, mut store: Store<u64>) -> Store<u64> {
instance
.get_export(&mut store, "gas_left")
.and_then(Extern::into_global)
.unwrap()
.set(&mut store, Value::I64(-1i64)) // the same as u64::MAX
.unwrap();
store
}
fn gas_metered_coremark(c: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("coremark, instrumented");
// Benchmark host_function::Injector
let wasm_filename = "coremark_minimal.wasm";
let bytes = read(fixture_dir().join(wasm_filename)).unwrap();
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |bench| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &bytes);
// Link the host functions with the imported ones
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
// Create clock_ms host function.
let host_clock_ms = Func::wrap(&mut store, || {
SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_millis() as u64
});
// Link the time measurer for the coremark wasm
linker.define("env", "clock_ms", host_clock_ms).unwrap();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
bench.iter(|| {
let run = instance
.get_export(&mut store, "run")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap()
.typed::<(), F32>(&mut store)
.unwrap();
// Call the wasm!
run.call(&mut store, ()).unwrap();
})
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |bench| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
// Create clock_ms host function.
let host_clock_ms = Func::wrap(&mut store, || {
SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_millis() as u64
});
// Link the time measurer for the coremark wasm
linker.define("env", "clock_ms", host_clock_ms).unwrap();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
bench.iter(|| {
let run = instance
.get_export(&mut store, "run")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap()
.typed::<(), F32>(&mut store)
.unwrap();
// Call the wasm!
run.call(&mut store, ()).unwrap();
})
});
}
/// Converts the `.wat` encoded `bytes` into `.wasm` encoded bytes.
pub fn wat2wasm(bytes: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
wat::parse_bytes(bytes).unwrap().into_owned()
}
/// Returns a [`Config`] useful for benchmarking.
fn bench_config() -> Config {
let mut config = Config::default();
config.set_stack_limits(StackLimits::new(1024, 1024 * 1024, 64 * 1024).unwrap());
config
}
fn gas_metered_recursive_ok(c: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("recursive_ok, instrumented");
const RECURSIVE_DEPTH: i32 = 8000;
let wasm_bytes = wat2wasm(include_bytes!("fixtures/wat/recursive_ok.wat"));
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |bench| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let bench_call = instance.get_export(&store, "call").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
bench.iter(|| {
bench_call
.call(&mut store, &[Value::I32(RECURSIVE_DEPTH)], &mut result)
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I32(0)]);
})
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |bench| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let bench_call = instance.get_export(&store, "call").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
bench.iter(|| {
bench_call
.call(&mut store, &[Value::I32(RECURSIVE_DEPTH)], &mut result)
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I32(0)]);
})
});
}
fn gas_metered_fibonacci_recursive(c: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("fibonacci_recursive, instrumented");
const FIBONACCI_REC_N: i64 = 10;
let wasm_bytes = wat2wasm(include_bytes!("fixtures/wat/fibonacci.wat"));
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |bench| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let bench_call = instance
.get_export(&store, "fib_recursive")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
bench.iter(|| {
bench_call
.call(&mut store, &[Value::I64(FIBONACCI_REC_N)], &mut result)
.unwrap();
});
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |bench| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let bench_call = instance
.get_export(&store, "fib_recursive")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
bench.iter(|| {
bench_call
.call(&mut store, &[Value::I64(FIBONACCI_REC_N)], &mut result)
.unwrap();
});
});
}
fn gas_metered_fac_recursive(c: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("factorial_recursive, instrumented");
let wasm_bytes = wat2wasm(include_bytes!("fixtures/wat/factorial.wat"));
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |b| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let fac = instance
.get_export(&store, "recursive_factorial")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I64(0)];
b.iter(|| {
fac.call(&mut store, &[Value::I64(25)], &mut result).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I64(7034535277573963776)]);
})
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |b| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let fac = instance
.get_export(&store, "recursive_factorial")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I64(0)];
b.iter(|| {
fac.call(&mut store, &[Value::I64(25)], &mut result).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I64(7034535277573963776)]);
})
});
}
fn gas_metered_count_until(c: &mut Criterion) {
const COUNT_UNTIL: i32 = 100_000;
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("count_until, instrumented");
let wasm_bytes = wat2wasm(include_bytes!("fixtures/wat/count_until.wat"));
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |b| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let count_until =
instance.get_export(&store, "count_until").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
b.iter(|| {
count_until.call(&mut store, &[Value::I32(COUNT_UNTIL)], &mut result).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I32(COUNT_UNTIL)]);
})
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |b| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let count_until =
instance.get_export(&store, "count_until").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
b.iter(|| {
count_until.call(&mut store, &[Value::I32(COUNT_UNTIL)], &mut result).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I32(COUNT_UNTIL)]);
})
});
}
fn gas_metered_vec_add(c: &mut Criterion) {
fn test_for<A, B>(
b: &mut Bencher,
vec_add: Func,
mut store: &mut Store<u64>,
mem: Memory,
len: usize,
vec_a: A,
vec_b: B,
) where
A: IntoIterator<Item = i32>,
B: IntoIterator<Item = i32>,
{
use core::mem::size_of;
let ptr_result = 10;
let len_result = len * size_of::<i64>();
let ptr_a = ptr_result + len_result;
let len_a = len * size_of::<i32>();
let ptr_b = ptr_a + len_a;
// Reset `result` buffer to zeros:
mem.data_mut(&mut store)[ptr_result..ptr_result + (len * size_of::<i32>())].fill(0);
// Initialize `a` buffer:
for (n, a) in vec_a.into_iter().take(len).enumerate() {
mem.write(&mut store, ptr_a + (n * size_of::<i32>()), &a.to_le_bytes()).unwrap();
}
// Initialize `b` buffer:
for (n, b) in vec_b.into_iter().take(len).enumerate() {
mem.write(&mut store, ptr_b + (n * size_of::<i32>()), &b.to_le_bytes()).unwrap();
}
// Prepare parameters and all Wasm `vec_add`:
let params = [
Value::I32(ptr_result as i32),
Value::I32(ptr_a as i32),
Value::I32(ptr_b as i32),
Value::I32(len as i32),
];
b.iter(|| {
vec_add.call(&mut store, &params, &mut []).unwrap();
});
// Validate the result buffer:
for n in 0..len {
let mut buffer4 = [0x00; 4];
let mut buffer8 = [0x00; 8];
let a = {
mem.read(&store, ptr_a + (n * size_of::<i32>()), &mut buffer4).unwrap();
i32::from_le_bytes(buffer4)
};
let b = {
mem.read(&store, ptr_b + (n * size_of::<i32>()), &mut buffer4).unwrap();
i32::from_le_bytes(buffer4)
};
let actual_result = {
mem.read(&store, ptr_result + (n * size_of::<i64>()), &mut buffer8).unwrap();
i64::from_le_bytes(buffer8)
};
let expected_result = (a as i64) + (b as i64);
assert_eq!(
expected_result, actual_result,
"given a = {a} and b = {b}, results diverge at index {n}"
);
}
}
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("memory_vec_add, instrumented");
let wasm_bytes = wat2wasm(include_bytes!("fixtures/wat/memory-vec-add.wat"));
const LEN: usize = 100_000;
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |b| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let vec_add = instance.get_export(&store, "vec_add").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mem = instance.get_export(&store, "mem").and_then(Extern::into_memory).unwrap();
mem.grow(&mut store, Pages::new(25).unwrap()).unwrap();
test_for(
b,
vec_add,
&mut store,
mem,
LEN,
(0..LEN).map(|i| (i * i) as i32),
(0..LEN).map(|i| (i * 10) as i32),
)
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |b| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let vec_add = instance.get_export(&store, "vec_add").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mem = instance.get_export(&store, "mem").and_then(Extern::into_memory).unwrap();
mem.grow(&mut store, Pages::new(25).unwrap()).unwrap();
test_for(
b,
vec_add,
&mut store,
mem,
LEN,
(0..LEN).map(|i| (i * i) as i32),
(0..LEN).map(|i| (i * 10) as i32),
)
});
}
fn gas_metered_tiny_keccak(c: &mut Criterion) {
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("wasm_kernel::tiny_keccak, instrumented");
let wasm_filename = "wasm_kernel.wasm";
let wasm_bytes = read(fixture_dir().join(wasm_filename)).unwrap();
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |b| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let prepare = instance
.get_export(&store, "prepare_tiny_keccak")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let keccak = instance
.get_export(&store, "bench_tiny_keccak")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let mut test_data_ptr = Value::I32(0);
prepare.call(&mut store, &[], slice::from_mut(&mut test_data_ptr)).unwrap();
b.iter(|| {
keccak.call(&mut store, slice::from_ref(&test_data_ptr), &mut []).unwrap();
})
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |b| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let prepare = instance
.get_export(&store, "prepare_tiny_keccak")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let keccak = instance
.get_export(&store, "bench_tiny_keccak")
.and_then(Extern::into_func)
.unwrap();
let mut test_data_ptr = Value::I32(0);
prepare.call(&mut store, &[], slice::from_mut(&mut test_data_ptr)).unwrap();
b.iter(|| {
keccak.call(&mut store, slice::from_ref(&test_data_ptr), &mut []).unwrap();
})
});
}
fn gas_metered_global_bump(c: &mut Criterion) {
const BUMP_AMOUNT: i32 = 100_000;
let mut group = c.benchmark_group("global_bump, instrumented");
let wasm_bytes = wat2wasm(include_bytes!("fixtures/wat/global_bump.wat"));
group.bench_function("with host_function::Injector", |b| {
let backend = host_function::Injector::new("env", "gas");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Link the host function with the imported one
let mut linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
add_gas_host_func(&mut linker, &mut store);
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let bump = instance.get_export(&store, "bump").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
b.iter(|| {
bump.call(&mut store, &[Value::I32(BUMP_AMOUNT)], &mut result).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I32(BUMP_AMOUNT)]);
})
});
group.bench_function("with mutable_global::Injector", |b| {
let backend = mutable_global::Injector::new("gas_left");
let (module, mut store) = prepare_module(backend, &wasm_bytes);
// Add the gas_left mutable global
let linker = <Linker<u64>>::new();
let instance = linker.instantiate(&mut store, &module).unwrap().start(&mut store).unwrap();
let mut store = add_gas_left_global(&instance, store);
let bump = instance.get_export(&store, "bump").and_then(Extern::into_func).unwrap();
let mut result = [Value::I32(0)];
b.iter(|| {
bump.call(&mut store, &[Value::I32(BUMP_AMOUNT)], &mut result).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, [Value::I32(BUMP_AMOUNT)]);
})
});
}
criterion_group!(benches, gas_metering, stack_height_limiter);
criterion_main!(benches);
criterion_group!(
name = coremark;
config = Criterion::default()
.sample_size(10)
.measurement_time(Duration::from_millis(275000))
.warm_up_time(Duration::from_millis(1000));
targets =
gas_metered_coremark,
);
criterion_group!(
name = wasmi_fixtures;
config = Criterion::default()
.sample_size(10)
.measurement_time(Duration::from_millis(250000))
.warm_up_time(Duration::from_millis(1000));
targets =
gas_metered_recursive_ok,
gas_metered_fibonacci_recursive,
gas_metered_fac_recursive,
gas_metered_count_until,
gas_metered_vec_add,
gas_metered_tiny_keccak,
gas_metered_global_bump,
);
criterion_main!(coremark, wasmi_fixtures);
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
;; Exports a function `count_until` that takes an input `n`.
;; The exported function counts an integer `n` times and then returns `n`.
(module
(func $count_until (export "count_until") (param $limit i32) (result i32)
(local $counter i32)
(block
(loop
(br_if
1
(i32.eq
(local.tee $counter
(i32.add
(local.get $counter)
(i32.const 1)
)
)
(local.get $limit)
)
)
(br 0)
)
)
(return (local.get $counter))
)
)
+35
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(module
;; Iterative factorial function, does not use recursion.
(func (export "iterative_factorial") (param i64) (result i64)
(local i64)
(local.set 1 (i64.const 1))
(block
(br_if 0 (i64.lt_s (local.get 0) (i64.const 2)))
(loop
(local.set 1 (i64.mul (local.get 1) (local.get 0)))
(local.set 0 (i64.add (local.get 0) (i64.const -1)))
(br_if 0 (i64.gt_s (local.get 0) (i64.const 1)))
)
)
(local.get 1)
)
;; Recursive trivial factorial function.
(func $rec_fac (export "recursive_factorial") (param i64) (result i64)
(if (result i64)
(i64.eq (local.get 0) (i64.const 0))
(then (i64.const 1))
(else
(i64.mul
(local.get 0)
(call $rec_fac
(i64.sub
(local.get 0)
(i64.const 1)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
+47
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(module
(func $fib_recursive (export "fib_recursive") (param $N i64) (result i64)
(if
(i64.le_s (local.get $N) (i64.const 1))
(then (return (local.get $N)))
)
(return
(i64.add
(call $fib_recursive
(i64.sub (local.get $N) (i64.const 1))
)
(call $fib_recursive
(i64.sub (local.get $N) (i64.const 2))
)
)
)
)
(func $fib_iterative (export "fib_iterative") (param $N i64) (result i64)
(local $n1 i64)
(local $n2 i64)
(local $tmp i64)
(local $i i64)
;; return $N for N <= 1
(if
(i64.le_s (local.get $N) (i64.const 1))
(then (return (local.get $N)))
)
(local.set $n1 (i64.const 1))
(local.set $n2 (i64.const 1))
(local.set $i (i64.const 2))
;;since we normally return n2, handle n=1 case specially
(loop $again
(if
(i64.lt_s (local.get $i) (local.get $N))
(then
(local.set $tmp (i64.add (local.get $n1) (local.get $n2)))
(local.set $n1 (local.get $n2))
(local.set $n2 (local.get $tmp))
(local.set $i (i64.add (local.get $i) (i64.const 1)))
(br $again)
)
)
)
(local.get $n2)
)
)
+27
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;; Exports a function `bump` that takes an input `n`.
;; The exported function bumps a global variable `n` times and then returns it.
(module
(global $g (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
(func $bump (export "bump") (param $n i32) (result i32)
(global.set $g (i32.const 0))
(block $break
(loop $continue
(br_if ;; if $g == $n then break
$break
(i32.eq
(global.get $g)
(local.get $n)
)
)
(global.set $g ;; $g += 1
(i32.add
(global.get $g)
(i32.const 1)
)
)
(br $continue)
)
)
(return (global.get $g))
)
)
+58
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;; Exports a function `vec_add` that computes the addition of 2 vectors
;; of length `len` starting at `ptr_a` and `ptr_b` and stores the result
;; into a buffer of the same length starting at `ptr_result`.
(module
(memory (export "mem") 1)
(func (export "vec_add")
(param $ptr_result i32)
(param $ptr_a i32)
(param $ptr_b i32)
(param $len i32)
(local $n i32)
(block $exit
(loop $loop
(br_if ;; exit loop if $n == $len
$exit
(i32.eq
(local.get $n)
(local.get $len)
)
)
(i64.store offset=0 ;; ptr_result[n] = ptr_a[n] + ptr_b[n]
(i32.add
(local.get $ptr_result)
(i32.mul
(local.get $n)
(i32.const 8)
)
)
(i64.add
(i64.load32_s offset=0 ;; load ptr_a[n]
(i32.add
(local.get $ptr_a)
(i32.mul
(local.get $n)
(i32.const 4)
)
)
)
(i64.load32_s offset=0 ;; load ptr_b[n]
(i32.add
(local.get $ptr_b)
(i32.mul
(local.get $n)
(i32.const 4)
)
)
)
)
)
(local.set $n ;; increment n
(i32.add (local.get $n) (i32.const 1))
)
(br $loop) ;; continue loop
)
)
(return)
)
)
+22
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;; Exports a function `call` that takes an input `n`.
;; The exported function calls itself `n` times.
(module
(func $call (export "call") (param $n i32) (result i32)
(if (result i32)
(local.get $n)
(then
(return
(call $call
(i32.sub
(local.get $n)
(i32.const 1)
)
)
)
)
(else
(return (local.get $n))
)
)
)
)