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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Newly Proposed</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Proposed</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0150-voting-while-delegating.html">RFC-150: Allow Voting While Delegating</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0154-multi-slot-aura.html">RFC-0154: AURA Multi-Slot Collation </a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0155-pUSD.html">RFC-0155: pUSD (Polkadot USD over-collateralised debt token)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proposed/0156-bls-signatures.html">RFC-0156: Add BLS12-381 Host Functions</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Approved</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0001-agile-coretime.html">RFC-1: Agile Coretime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0005-coretime-interface.html">RFC-5: Coretime Interface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0007-system-collator-selection.html">RFC-0007: System Collator Selection</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0008-parachain-bootnodes-dht.html">RFC-0008: Store parachain bootnodes in relay chain DHT</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0009-improved-net-light-client-requests.html">RFC-0009: Improved light client requests networking protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0010-burn-coretime-revenue.html">RFC-0010: Burn Coretime Revenue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0012-process-for-adding-new-collectives.html">RFC-0012: Process for Adding New System Collectives</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0013-prepare-blockbuilder-and-core-runtime-apis-for-mbms.html">RFC-0013: Prepare Core runtime API for MBMs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0014-improve-locking-mechanism-for-parachains.html">RFC-0014: Improve locking mechanism for parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0017-coretime-market-redesign.html">RFC-0017: Coretime Market Redesign</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0022-adopt-encointer-runtime.html">RFC-0022: Adopt Encointer Runtime</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0026-sassafras-consensus.html">RFC-0026: Sassafras Consensus Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0032-minimal-relay.html">RFC-0032: Minimal Relay</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0042-extrinsics-state-version.html">RFC-0042: Add System version that replaces StateVersion on RuntimeVersion</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0043-storage-proof-size-hostfunction.html">RFC-0043: Introduce storage_proof_size Host Function for Improved Parachain Block Utilization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0045-nft-deposits-asset-hub.html">RFC-0045: Lowering NFT Deposits on Asset Hub</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0047-assignment-of-availability-chunks.html">RFC-0047: Assignment of availability chunks to validators</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0048-session-keys-runtime-api.html">RFC-0048: Generate ownership proof for SessionKeys</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0050-fellowship-salaries.html">RFC-0050: Fellowship Salaries</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0056-one-transaction-per-notification.html">RFC-0056: Enforce only one transaction per notification</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0059-nodes-capabilities-discovery.html">RFC-0059: Add a discovery mechanism for nodes based on their capabilities</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0078-merkleized-metadata.html">RFC-0078: Merkleized Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.html" class="active">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0091-dht-record-creation-time.html">RFC-0091: DHT Authority discovery record creation time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0097-unbonding_queue.html">RFC-0097: Unbonding Queue</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0099-transaction-extension-version.html">RFC-0099: Introduce a transaction extension version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0100-xcm-multi-type-asset-transfer.html">RFC-0100: New XCM instruction: InitiateAssetsTransfer</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0101-xcm-transact-remove-max-weight-param.html">RFC-0101: XCM Transact remove require_weight_at_most parameter</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0103-introduce-core-index-commitment.html">RFC-0103: Introduce a CoreIndex commitment and a SessionIndex field in candidate receipts</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0105-xcm-improved-fee-mechanism.html">RFC-0105: XCM improved fee mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0107-xcm-execution-hints.html">RFC-0107: XCM Execution hints</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0108-xcm-remove-testnet-ids.html">RFC-0108: Remove XCM testnet NetworkIds</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0122-alias-origin-on-asset-transfers.html">RFC-0122: Asset transfers can alias XCM origin on destination to original origin</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0123-pending-code-as-storage-location-for-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0123: Introduce :pending_code as intermediate storage key for the runtime code</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0125-xcm-asset-metadata.html">RFC-0125: XCM Asset Metadata</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0126-introduce-pvq.html">RFC-0126: Introduce PVQ (PolkaVM Query)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0135-compressed-blob-prefixes.html">RFC-0135: Compressed Blob Prefixes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0139-faster-erasure-coding.html">RFC-0139: Faster Erasure Coding</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0146-deflationary-fee-proposal.html">RFC-0146: Deflationary Transaction Fee Model for the Relay Chain and its System Parachains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../approved/0149-rfc-1-renewal-adjustment.html">RFC-0149: Renewal Adjustment</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">Stale</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-pre-elves_soft.html">RFC-0000: Pre-ELVES soft concensus</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0000-rewards.html">RFC-0000: Validator Rewards</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0004-remove-unnecessary-allocator-usage.html">RFC-0004: Remove the host-side runtime memory allocator</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0006-dynamic-pricing-for-bulk-coretime-sales.html">RFC-0006: Dynamic Pricing for Bulk Coretime Sales</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0034-xcm-absolute-location-account-derivation.html">RFC-34: XCM Absolute Location Account Derivation</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0035-conviction-voting-delegation-modifications.html"> RFC-0035: Conviction Voting Delegation Modifications</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0044-rent-based-registration.html">RFC-0044: Rent based registration model</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0054-remove-heap-pages.html">RFC-0054: Remove the concept of "heap pages" from the client</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0070-x-track-kusamanetwork.html">RFC-0070: X Track for @kusamanetwork</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0073-referedum-deposit-track.html">RFC-0073: Decision Deposit Referendum Track</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0074-stateful-multisig-pallet.html">RFC-0074: Stateful Multisig Pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0077-increase-max-length-of-identity-pgp-fingerprint-value.html">RFC-0077: Increase maximum length of identity PGP fingerprint values from 20 bytes</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0088-broker-pallet-slashable-deposit-purchaser-reputation-reserved-cores.html">RFC-0088: Add slashable locked deposit, purchaser reputation, and reserved cores for on-chain identities to broker pallet</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-secondary-marketplace-for-regions.html">RFC-0001: Secondary Market for Regions</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/00xx-smart-contracts-coretime-chain.html">RFC-0002: Smart Contracts on the Coretime Chain</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0102-offchain-parachain-runtime-upgrades.html">RFC-0000: Feature Name Here</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0106-xcm-remove-fees-mode.html">RFC-0106: Remove XCM fees mode</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0111-pure-proxy-replication.html">RFC-0111: Pure Proxy Replication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0112-compress-state-response-message-in-state-sync.html">RFC-0112: Compress the State Response Message in State Sync</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0114-secp256r1-hostfunction.html">RFC-0114: Introduce secp256r1_ecdsa_verify_prehashed Host Function to verify NIST-P256 elliptic curve signatures</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0117-unbrick-collective.html">RFC-0117: The Unbrick Collective</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0120-referenda-confirmation-by-candle-mechanism.html">RFC-0120: Referenda Confirmation by Candle Mechanism</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0124-extrinsic-version-5.html">RFC-0124: Extrinsic version 5</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0138-invulnerable-collator-election.html">RFC-0138: Election mechanism for invulnerable collators on system chains</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/0152-decentralized-convex-preference-coretime-market-for-polkadot.html">RFC-0152: Decentralized Convex-Preference Coretime Market for Polkadot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/RFC-114 Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods.html">RFC-114: Adjust Tipper Track Confirmation Periods</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/TODO-stale-nomination-reward-curve.html">RFC-TODO: Stale Nomination Reward Curve</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../stale/xxxx-improve-the-security-of-proof-of-possession.html">RFC-XXXX: Adding customized mandatory context to proof of possession statement</a></li></ol>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/main/text/0084-general-transaction-extrinsic-format.md">(source)</a></p>
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<p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#rfc-0084-general-transactions-in-extrinsic-format">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#summary">Summary</a></li>
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<li><a href="#motivation">Motivation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></li>
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<li><a href="#explanation">Explanation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></li>
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<li><a href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></li>
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<li><a href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#performance">Performance</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li>
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<li><a href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></li>
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<li><a href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="rfc-0084-general-transactions-in-extrinsic-format"><a class="header" href="#rfc-0084-general-transactions-in-extrinsic-format">RFC-0084: General transactions in extrinsic format</a></h1>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td><strong>Start Date</strong></td><td>12 March 2024</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Description</strong></td><td>Support more extrinsic types by updating the extrinsic format</td></tr>
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<tr><td><strong>Authors</strong></td><td>George Pisaltu</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="summary"><a class="header" href="#summary">Summary</a></h2>
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<p>This RFC proposes a change to the extrinsic format to incorporate a new transaction type, the "general" transaction.</p>
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<h2 id="motivation"><a class="header" href="#motivation">Motivation</a></h2>
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<p>"General" transactions, a new type of transaction that this RFC aims to support, are transactions which obey the runtime's extensions and have according extension data yet do not have hard-coded signatures. They are first described in <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415">Extrinsic Horizon</a> and supported in <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3685">3685</a>. They enable users to authorize origins in new, more flexible ways (e.g. ZK proofs, mutations over pre-authenticated origins). As of now, all transactions are limited to the account signing model for origin authorization and any additional origin changes happen in extrinsic logic, which cannot leverage the validation process of extensions.</p>
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<p>An example of a use case for such an extension would be sponsoring the transaction fee for some other user. A new extension would be put in place to verify that a part of the initial payload was signed by the author under who the extrinsic should run and change the origin, but the payment for the whole transaction should be handled under a sponsor's account. A POC for this can be found in <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/3712">3712</a>.</p>
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<p>The new "general" transaction type would coexist with both current transaction types for a while and, therefore, the current number of supported transaction types, capped at 2, is insufficient. A new extrinsic type must be introduced alongside the current signed and unsigned types. Currently, an encoded extrinsic's first byte indicate the type of extrinsic using the most significant bit - <code>0</code> for unsigned, <code>1</code> for signed - and the 7 following bits indicate the <a href="https://spec.polkadot.network/id-extrinsics#id-extrinsics-body">extrinsic format version</a>, which has been equal to <code>4</code> for a long time.</p>
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<p>By taking one bit from the extrinsic format version encoding, we can support 2 additional extrinsic types while also having a minimal impact on our capability to extend and change the extrinsic format in the future.</p>
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<h2 id="stakeholders"><a class="header" href="#stakeholders">Stakeholders</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Runtime users</li>
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<li>Runtime devs</li>
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<li>Wallet devs</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="explanation"><a class="header" href="#explanation">Explanation</a></h2>
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<p>An extrinsic is currently encoded as one byte to identify the extrinsic type and version. This RFC aims to change the interpretation of this byte regarding the reserved bits for the extrinsic type and version. In the following explanation, bits represented using <code>T</code> make up the extrinsic type and bits represented using <code>V</code> make up the extrinsic version.</p>
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<p>Currently, the bit allocation within the leading encoded byte is <code>0bTVVV_VVVV</code>. In practice in the Polkadot ecosystem, the leading byte would be <code>0bT000_0100</code> as the version has been equal to <code>4</code> for a long time.</p>
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<p>This RFC proposes for the bit allocation to change to <code>0bTTVV_VVVV</code>. As a result, the extrinsic format version will be bumped to <code>5</code> and the extrinsic type bit representation would change as follows:</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>bits</th><th>type</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td>00</td><td>unsigned</td></tr>
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<tr><td>10</td><td>signed</td></tr>
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<tr><td>01</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
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<tr><td>11</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="drawbacks"><a class="header" href="#drawbacks">Drawbacks</a></h2>
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<p>This change would reduce the maximum possible transaction version from the current <code>127</code> to <code>63</code>. In order to bypass the new, lower limit, the extrinsic format would have to change again.</p>
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<h2 id="testing-security-and-privacy"><a class="header" href="#testing-security-and-privacy">Testing, Security, and Privacy</a></h2>
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<p>There is no impact on testing, security or privacy.</p>
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<h2 id="performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#performance-ergonomics-and-compatibility">Performance, Ergonomics, and Compatibility</a></h2>
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<p>This change would allow Polkadot to support new types of transactions, with the specific "general" transaction type in mind at the time of writing this proposal.</p>
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<h3 id="performance"><a class="header" href="#performance">Performance</a></h3>
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<p>There is no performance impact.</p>
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<h3 id="ergonomics"><a class="header" href="#ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></h3>
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<p>The impact to developers and end-users is minimal as it would just be a bitmask update on their part for parsing the extrinsic type along with the version.</p>
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<h3 id="compatibility"><a class="header" href="#compatibility">Compatibility</a></h3>
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<p>This change breaks backwards compatiblity because any transaction that is neither signed nor unsigned, but a new transaction type, would be interpreted as having a future extrinsic format version.</p>
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|
<h2 id="prior-art-and-references"><a class="header" href="#prior-art-and-references">Prior Art and References</a></h2>
|
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<p>The original design was originally proposed in the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/pull/2280"><code>TransactionExtension</code> PR</a>, which is also the motivation behind this effort.</p>
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<h2 id="unresolved-questions"><a class="header" href="#unresolved-questions">Unresolved Questions</a></h2>
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|
<p>None.</p>
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<h2 id="future-directions-and-related-material"><a class="header" href="#future-directions-and-related-material">Future Directions and Related Material</a></h2>
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<p>Following this change, the "general" transaction type will be introduced as part of the <a href="https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/2415">Extrinsic Horizon</a> effort, which will shape future work.</p>
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