Pools: Make PermissionlessWithdraw the default claim permission (#3438)

Related Issue https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3398

This PR makes permissionless withdrawing the default option, giving any
network participant access to claim pool rewards on member's behalf. Of
course, members can still opt out of this by setting a `Permissioned`
claim permission.

Permissionless claiming has been a part of the nomination pool pallet
for around 9 months now, with very limited uptake (~4% of total pool
members). 1.6% of pool members are using `PermissionlessAll`, strongly
suggesting it is not wanted - it is too ambiguous and doesn't provide
guidance to claimers.

Stakers expect rewards to be claimed on their behalf by default - I have
expanded upon this in detail within the [accompanying issue's
discussion](https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/issues/3398).
Other protocols have this behaviour, whereby staking rewards are
received without the staker having to take any action. From this
perspective, permissionless claiming is not intuitive for pool members.
As evidence of this, over 150,000 DOT is currently unclaimed on
Polkadot, and is growing at a non-linear rate.

prdoc/pr_3438.prdoc

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+title: "Pools: Make PermissionlessWithdraw the default claim permission"
+
+doc:
+  - audience: Runtime User
+    description: |
+      Makes permissionless withdrawing the default claim permission, giving any network participant
+      access to claim pool rewards on member's behalf, by default.
+
+crates:
+  - name: pallet-nomination-pools
+    bump: minor
+  - name: pallet-nomination-pools-benchmarking
+    bump: minor

substrate/frame/nomination-pools/benchmarking/src/lib.rs

@@ -795,9 +795,9 @@ frame_benchmarking::benchmarks! {
 			T::Staking::active_stake(&pool_account).unwrap(),
 			min_create_bond + min_join_bond
 		);
-	}:_(RuntimeOrigin::Signed(joiner.clone()), ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll)
+	}:_(RuntimeOrigin::Signed(joiner.clone()), ClaimPermission::Permissioned)
 	verify {
-		assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<T>::get(joiner), ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll);
+		assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<T>::get(joiner), ClaimPermission::Permissioned);
 	}
 
 	claim_commission {

substrate/frame/nomination-pools/src/lib.rs

@@ -461,22 +461,26 @@ pub enum ClaimPermission {
 	PermissionlessAll,
 }
 
+impl Default for ClaimPermission {
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		Self::PermissionlessWithdraw
+	}
+}
+
 impl ClaimPermission {
+	/// Permissionless compounding of pool rewards is allowed if the current permission is
+	/// `PermissionlessCompound`, or permissionless.
 	fn can_bond_extra(&self) -> bool {
 		matches!(self, ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll | ClaimPermission::PermissionlessCompound)
 	}
 
+	/// Permissionless payout claiming is allowed if the current permission is
+	/// `PermissionlessWithdraw`, or permissionless.
 	fn can_claim_payout(&self) -> bool {
 		matches!(self, ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll | ClaimPermission::PermissionlessWithdraw)
 	}
 }
 
-impl Default for ClaimPermission {
-	fn default() -> Self {
-		Self::Permissioned
-	}
-}
-
 /// A member in a pool.
 #[derive(
 	Encode,
@@ -2630,7 +2634,7 @@ pub mod pallet {
 		///
 		/// In the case of `origin != other`, `origin` can only bond extra pending rewards of
 		/// `other` members assuming set_claim_permission for the given member is
-		/// `PermissionlessAll` or `PermissionlessCompound`.
+		/// `PermissionlessCompound` or `PermissionlessAll`.
 		#[pallet::call_index(14)]
 		#[pallet::weight(
 			T::WeightInfo::bond_extra_transfer()
@@ -2648,15 +2652,10 @@ pub mod pallet {
 		/// Allows a pool member to set a claim permission to allow or disallow permissionless
 		/// bonding and withdrawing.
 		///
-		/// By default, this is `Permissioned`, which implies only the pool member themselves can
-		/// claim their pending rewards. If a pool member wishes so, they can set this to
-		/// `PermissionlessAll` to allow any account to claim their rewards and bond extra to the
-		/// pool.
-		///
 		/// # Arguments
 		///
 		/// * `origin` - Member of a pool.
-		/// * `actor` - Account to claim reward. // improve this
+		/// * `permission` - The permission to be applied.
 		#[pallet::call_index(15)]
 		#[pallet::weight(T::DbWeight::get().reads_writes(1, 1))]
 		pub fn set_claim_permission(
@@ -2666,16 +2665,18 @@ pub mod pallet {
 			let who = ensure_signed(origin)?;
 
 			ensure!(PoolMembers::<T>::contains_key(&who), Error::<T>::PoolMemberNotFound);
+
 			ClaimPermissions::<T>::mutate(who, |source| {
 				*source = permission;
 			});
+
 			Ok(())
 		}
 
 		/// `origin` can claim payouts on some pool member `other`'s behalf.
 		///
-		/// Pool member `other` must have a `PermissionlessAll` or `PermissionlessWithdraw` in order
-		/// for this call to be successful.
+		/// Pool member `other` must have a `PermissionlessWithdraw` or `PermissionlessAll` claim
+		/// permission for this call to be successful.
 		#[pallet::call_index(16)]
 		#[pallet::weight(T::WeightInfo::claim_payout())]
 		pub fn claim_payout_other(origin: OriginFor<T>, other: T::AccountId) -> DispatchResult {

substrate/frame/nomination-pools/src/tests.rs

@@ -2441,16 +2441,10 @@ mod claim_payout {
 			// given
 			assert_eq!(Currency::free_balance(&10), 35);
 
-			// Permissioned by default
-			assert_noop!(
-				Pools::claim_payout_other(RuntimeOrigin::signed(80), 10),
-				Error::<Runtime>::DoesNotHavePermission
-			);
+			// when
 
-			assert_ok!(Pools::set_claim_permission(
-				RuntimeOrigin::signed(10),
-				ClaimPermission::PermissionlessWithdraw
-			));
+			// NOTE: Claim permission of `PermissionlessWithdraw` allows payout claiming as default,
+			// so a claim permission does not need to be set for non-pool members prior to claiming.
 			assert_ok!(Pools::claim_payout_other(RuntimeOrigin::signed(80), 10));
 
 			// then
@@ -2489,7 +2483,6 @@ mod unbond {
 				);
 
 				// Make permissionless
-				assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(10), ClaimPermission::Permissioned);
 				assert_ok!(Pools::set_claim_permission(
 					RuntimeOrigin::signed(20),
 					ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll
@@ -4563,12 +4556,11 @@ mod withdraw_unbonded {
 			CurrentEra::set(1);
 			assert_eq!(PoolMembers::<Runtime>::get(20).unwrap().points, 20);
 
-			assert_ok!(Pools::set_claim_permission(
-				RuntimeOrigin::signed(20),
-				ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll
-			));
 			assert_ok!(Pools::unbond(RuntimeOrigin::signed(20), 20, 20));
-			assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(20), ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll);
+			assert_eq!(
+				ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(20),
+				ClaimPermission::PermissionlessWithdraw
+			);
 
 			assert_eq!(
 				pool_events_since_last_call(),
@@ -4792,7 +4784,7 @@ mod create {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn set_claimable_actor_works() {
+fn set_claim_permission_works() {
 	ExtBuilder::default().build_and_execute(|| {
 		// Given
 		Currency::set_balance(&11, ExistentialDeposit::get() + 2);
@@ -4811,22 +4803,19 @@ fn set_claimable_actor_works() {
 			]
 		);
 
-		// Make permissionless
-		assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(11), ClaimPermission::Permissioned);
+		// Make permissioned
+		assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(11), ClaimPermission::PermissionlessWithdraw);
 		assert_noop!(
-			Pools::set_claim_permission(
-				RuntimeOrigin::signed(12),
-				ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll
-			),
+			Pools::set_claim_permission(RuntimeOrigin::signed(12), ClaimPermission::Permissioned),
 			Error::<T>::PoolMemberNotFound
 		);
 		assert_ok!(Pools::set_claim_permission(
 			RuntimeOrigin::signed(11),
-			ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll
+			ClaimPermission::Permissioned
 		));
 
 		// then
-		assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(11), ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll);
+		assert_eq!(ClaimPermissions::<Runtime>::get(11), ClaimPermission::Permissioned);
 	});
 }
 
@@ -5224,7 +5213,7 @@ mod bond_extra {
 
 			assert_ok!(Pools::set_claim_permission(
 				RuntimeOrigin::signed(10),
-				ClaimPermission::PermissionlessAll
+				ClaimPermission::PermissionlessCompound
 			));
 			assert_ok!(Pools::bond_extra_other(RuntimeOrigin::signed(50), 10, BondExtra::Rewards));
 			assert_eq!(Currency::free_balance(&default_reward_account()), 7);