Update to work with async keystore – Companion PR for #7000 (#1740)

* Fix keystore types * Use SyncCryptoStorePtr * Borrow keystore * Fix unused imports * Fix polkadot service * Fix bitfield-distribution tests * Fix indentation * Fix backing tests * Fix tests * Fix provisioner tests * Removed SyncCryptoStorePtr * Fix services * Address PR feedback * Address PR feedback - 2 * Update CryptoStorePtr imports to be from sp_keystore * Typo * Fix CryptoStore import * Document the reason behind using filesystem keystore * Remove VALIDATORS * Fix duplicate dependency * Mark sp-keystore as optional * Fix availability distribution * Fix call to sign_with * Fix keystore usage * Remove tokio and fix parachains Cargo config * Typos * Fix keystore dereferencing * Fix CryptoStore import * Fix provisioner * Fix node backing * Update services * Cleanup dependencies * Use sync_keystore * Fix node service * Fix node service - 2 * Fix node service - 3 * Rename CryptoStorePtr to SyncCryptoStorePtr * "Update Substrate" * Apply suggestions from code review * Update node/core/backing/Cargo.toml * Update primitives/src/v0.rs Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com> * Fix wasm build * Update Cargo.lock Co-authored-by: parity-processbot <> Co-authored-by: Bastian Köcher <bkchr@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-06-09 20:11:09 +00:00 · 2020-10-09 12:54:03 +02:00
parent a2044bb87e
commit bd75a4ce18
23 changed files with 663 additions and 395 deletions
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ edition = "2018"
 [dependencies]
 futures = "0.3.5"
 sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sc-client-api = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sp-blockchain = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
-keystore = { package = "sc-keystore", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 polkadot-primitives = { path = "../../../primitives" }
 polkadot-node-primitives = { path = "../../primitives" }
 polkadot-subsystem = { package = "polkadot-node-subsystem", path = "../../subsystem" }
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ log = "0.4.8"

 [dev-dependencies]
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sp-keyring = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 futures = { version = "0.3.5", features = ["thread-pool"] }
 assert_matches = "1.3.0"
 polkadot-node-subsystem-test-helpers = { path = "../../subsystem-test-helpers" }
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use futures::{
 	Future, FutureExt, SinkExt, StreamExt,
 };

-use keystore::KeyStorePtr;
+use sp_keystore::SyncCryptoStorePtr;
 use polkadot_primitives::v1::{
 	CommittedCandidateReceipt, BackedCandidate, Id as ParaId, ValidatorId,
 	ValidatorIndex, SigningContext, PoV,
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ struct CandidateBackingJob {
 	seconded: Option<Hash>,
 	/// We have already reported misbehaviors for these validators.
 	reported_misbehavior_for: HashSet<ValidatorIndex>,
+	keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	table: Table<TableContext>,
 	table_context: TableContext,
 	metrics: Metrics,
@@ -328,9 +329,12 @@ impl CandidateBackingJob {
 		};

 		let issued_statement = statement.is_some();
-		if let Some(signed_statement) = statement.and_then(|s| self.sign_statement(s)) {
-			self.import_statement(&signed_statement).await?;
-			self.distribute_signed_statement(signed_statement).await?;
+
+		if let Some(statement) = statement {
+			if let Some(signed_statement) = self.sign_statement(statement).await {
+				self.import_statement(&signed_statement).await?;
+				self.distribute_signed_statement(signed_statement).await?;
+			}
 		}

 		Ok(issued_statement)
@@ -530,7 +534,7 @@ impl CandidateBackingJob {

 		self.issued_statements.insert(candidate_hash);

-		if let Some(signed_statement) = self.sign_statement(statement) {
+		if let Some(signed_statement) = self.sign_statement(statement).await {
 			self.distribute_signed_statement(signed_statement).await?;
 		}

@@ -553,8 +557,13 @@ impl CandidateBackingJob {
 		Ok(())
 	}

-	fn sign_statement(&self, statement: Statement) -> Option<SignedFullStatement> {
-		let signed = self.table_context.validator.as_ref()?.sign(statement);
+	async fn sign_statement(&self, statement: Statement) -> Option<SignedFullStatement> {
+		let signed = self.table_context
+			.validator
+			.as_ref()?
+			.sign(self.keystore.clone(), statement)
+			.await
+			.ok()?;
 		self.metrics.on_statement_signed();
 		Some(signed)
 	}
@@ -694,14 +703,14 @@ impl util::JobTrait for CandidateBackingJob {
 	type ToJob = ToJob;
 	type FromJob = FromJob;
 	type Error = Error;
-	type RunArgs = KeyStorePtr;
+	type RunArgs = SyncCryptoStorePtr;
 	type Metrics = Metrics;

 	const NAME: &'static str = "CandidateBackingJob";

 	fn run(
 		parent: Hash,
-		keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+		keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		metrics: Metrics,
 		rx_to: mpsc::Receiver<Self::ToJob>,
 		mut tx_from: mpsc::Sender<Self::FromJob>,
@@ -748,7 +757,7 @@ impl util::JobTrait for CandidateBackingJob {
 				&validators,
 				signing_context,
 				keystore.clone(),
-			) {
+			).await {
 				Ok(v) => v,
 				Err(util::Error::NotAValidator) => { return Ok(()) },
 				Err(e) => {
@@ -802,6 +811,7 @@ impl util::JobTrait for CandidateBackingJob {
 				issued_statements: HashSet::new(),
 				seconded: None,
 				reported_misbehavior_for: HashSet::new(),
+				keystore,
 				table: Table::default(),
 				table_context,
 				metrics,
@@ -859,17 +869,17 @@ impl metrics::Metrics for Metrics {
 	}
 }

-delegated_subsystem!(CandidateBackingJob(KeyStorePtr, Metrics) <- ToJob as CandidateBackingSubsystem);
+delegated_subsystem!(CandidateBackingJob(SyncCryptoStorePtr, Metrics) <- ToJob as CandidateBackingSubsystem);

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
 	use assert_matches::assert_matches;
-	use futures::{executor, future, Future};
+	use futures::{future, Future};
 	use polkadot_primitives::v1::{
 		ScheduledCore, BlockData, CandidateCommitments,
 		PersistedValidationData, ValidationData, TransientValidationData, HeadData,
-		ValidatorPair, ValidityAttestation, GroupRotationInfo,
+		ValidityAttestation, GroupRotationInfo,
 	};
 	use polkadot_subsystem::{
 		messages::RuntimeApiRequest,
@@ -877,6 +887,8 @@ mod tests {
 	};
 	use polkadot_node_primitives::InvalidCandidate;
 	use sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
+	use sp_application_crypto::AppKey;
+	use sp_keystore::{CryptoStore, SyncCryptoStore};
 	use std::collections::HashMap;

 	fn validator_pubkeys(val_ids: &[Sr25519Keyring]) -> Vec<ValidatorId> {
@@ -885,7 +897,7 @@ mod tests {

 	struct TestState {
 		chain_ids: Vec<ParaId>,
-		keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+		keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		validators: Vec<Sr25519Keyring>,
 		validator_public: Vec<ValidatorId>,
 		validation_data: ValidationData,
@@ -912,9 +924,9 @@ mod tests {
 				Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 			];

-			let keystore = keystore::Store::new_in_memory();
+			let keystore = Arc::new(sc_keystore::LocalKeystore::in_memory());
 			// Make sure `Alice` key is in the keystore, so this mocked node will be a parachain validator.
-			keystore.write().insert_ephemeral_from_seed::<ValidatorPair>(&validators[0].to_seed())
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&validators[0].to_seed()))
 				.expect("Insert key into keystore");

 			let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);
@@ -985,7 +997,7 @@ mod tests {
 		virtual_overseer: polkadot_node_subsystem_test_helpers::TestSubsystemContextHandle<CandidateBackingMessage>,
 	}

-	fn test_harness<T: Future<Output=()>>(keystore: KeyStorePtr, test: impl FnOnce(TestHarness) -> T) {
+	fn test_harness<T: Future<Output=()>>(keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr, test: impl FnOnce(TestHarness) -> T) {
 		let pool = sp_core::testing::TaskExecutor::new();

 		let (context, virtual_overseer) = polkadot_node_subsystem_test_helpers::make_subsystem_context(pool.clone());
@@ -998,8 +1010,7 @@ mod tests {

 		futures::pin_mut!(test_fut);
 		futures::pin_mut!(subsystem);
-
-		executor::block_on(future::select(test_fut, subsystem));
+		futures::executor::block_on(future::select(test_fut, subsystem));
 	}

 	fn make_erasure_root(test: &TestState, pov: PoV) -> Hash {
@@ -1203,20 +1214,29 @@ mod tests {
 			}.build();

 			let candidate_a_hash = candidate_a.hash();
-
+			let public0 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[0].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
+			let public2 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[2].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
 			let signed_a = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Seconded(candidate_a.clone()),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				2,
-				&test_state.validators[2].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public2.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			let signed_b = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Valid(candidate_a_hash),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				0,
-				&test_state.validators[0].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public0.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			let statement = CandidateBackingMessage::Statement(test_state.relay_parent, signed_a.clone());

@@ -1330,27 +1350,37 @@ mod tests {
 			}.build();

 			let candidate_a_hash = candidate_a.hash();
-
+			let public0 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[0].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
+			let public2 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[2].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
 			let signed_a = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Seconded(candidate_a.clone()),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				2,
-				&test_state.validators[2].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public2.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			let signed_b = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Valid(candidate_a_hash),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				0,
-				&test_state.validators[0].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public0.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			let signed_c = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Invalid(candidate_a_hash),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				0,
-				&test_state.validators[0].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public0.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			let statement = CandidateBackingMessage::Statement(test_state.relay_parent, signed_a.clone());

@@ -1600,12 +1630,18 @@ mod tests {

 			let candidate_hash = candidate.hash();

+			let validator2 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[2].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
+
 			let signed_a = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Seconded(candidate.clone()),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				2,
-				&test_state.validators[2].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&validator2.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			// Send in a `Statement` with a candidate.
 			let statement = CandidateBackingMessage::Statement(
@@ -1733,12 +1769,17 @@ mod tests {
 				..Default::default()
 			}.build();

+			let public2 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[2].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
 			let signed_a = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Seconded(candidate.clone()),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				2,
-				&test_state.validators[2].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public2.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			// Send in a `Statement` with a candidate.
 			let statement = CandidateBackingMessage::Statement(
@@ -1869,12 +1910,17 @@ mod tests {
 				..Default::default()
 			}.build();

+			let public2 = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+				&*test_state.keystore,
+				ValidatorId::ID, Some(&test_state.validators[2].to_seed())
+			).await.expect("Insert key into keystore");
 			let seconding = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&test_state.keystore,
 				Statement::Seconded(candidate_a.clone()),
 				&test_state.signing_context,
 				2,
-				&test_state.validators[2].pair().into(),
-			);
+				&public2.into(),
+			).await.expect("should be signed");

 			let statement = CandidateBackingMessage::Statement(
 				test_state.relay_parent,
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ log = "0.4.8"
 polkadot-primitives = { path = "../../../primitives" }
 polkadot-node-subsystem = { path = "../../subsystem" }
 polkadot-node-subsystem-util = { path = "../../subsystem-util" }
-keystore = { package = "sc-keystore", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 wasm-timer = "0.2.4"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use futures::{
 	prelude::*,
 	stream, Future,
 };
-use keystore::KeyStorePtr;
+use sp_keystore::{Error as KeystoreError, SyncCryptoStorePtr};
 use polkadot_node_subsystem::{
 	messages::{
 		self, AllMessages, AvailabilityStoreMessage, BitfieldDistributionMessage,
@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ pub enum Error {
 	/// the runtime API failed to return what we wanted
 	#[from]
 	Runtime(RuntimeApiError),
+	/// the keystore failed to process signing request
+	#[from]
+	Keystore(KeystoreError),
 }

 // if there is a candidate pending availability, query the Availability Store
@@ -289,7 +292,7 @@ impl JobTrait for BitfieldSigningJob {
 	type ToJob = ToJob;
 	type FromJob = FromJob;
 	type Error = Error;
-	type RunArgs = KeyStorePtr;
+	type RunArgs = SyncCryptoStorePtr;
 	type Metrics = Metrics;

 	const NAME: &'static str = "BitfieldSigningJob";
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ impl JobTrait for BitfieldSigningJob {

 			// now do all the work we can before we need to wait for the availability store
 			// if we're not a validator, we can just succeed effortlessly
-			let validator = match Validator::new(relay_parent, keystore, sender.clone()).await {
+			let validator = match Validator::new(relay_parent, keystore.clone(), sender.clone()).await {
 				Ok(validator) => validator,
 				Err(util::Error::NotAValidator) => return Ok(()),
 				Err(err) => return Err(Error::Util(err)),
@@ -329,7 +332,10 @@ impl JobTrait for BitfieldSigningJob {
 				Ok(bitfield) => bitfield,
 			};

-			let signed_bitfield = validator.sign(bitfield);
+			let signed_bitfield = validator
+				.sign(keystore.clone(), bitfield)
+				.await
+				.map_err(|e| Error::Keystore(e))?;
 			metrics.on_bitfield_signed();

 			// make an anonymous scope to contain some use statements to simplify creating the outbound message
@@ -16,4 +16,8 @@ polkadot-node-subsystem-util = { path = "../../subsystem-util" }
 [dev-dependencies]
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 futures-timer = "3.0.2"
+tempfile = "3.1.0"
@@ -549,36 +549,37 @@ mod tests {
 	mod select_availability_bitfields {
 		use super::super::*;
 		use super::{default_bitvec, occupied_core};
-		use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-		use polkadot_primitives::v1::{SigningContext, ValidatorIndex, ValidatorPair};
-		use sp_core::crypto::Pair;
-		use std::sync::Mutex;
+		use futures::executor::block_on;
+		use std::sync::Arc;
+		use polkadot_primitives::v1::{SigningContext, ValidatorIndex, ValidatorId};
+		use sp_application_crypto::AppKey;
+		use sp_keystore::{CryptoStore, SyncCryptoStorePtr};
+		use sc_keystore::LocalKeystore;

-		lazy_static! {
-			// we can use a normal mutex here, not a futures-aware one, because we don't use any futures-based
-			// concurrency when accessing this. The risk of contention is that multiple tests are run in parallel,
-			// in independent threads, in which case a standard mutex suffices.
-			static ref VALIDATORS: Mutex<HashMap<ValidatorIndex, ValidatorPair>> = Mutex::new(HashMap::new());
-		}
-
-		fn signed_bitfield(
+		async fn signed_bitfield(
+			keystore: &SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 			field: CoreAvailability,
 			validator_idx: ValidatorIndex,
 		) -> SignedAvailabilityBitfield {
-			let mut lock = VALIDATORS.lock().unwrap();
-			let validator = lock
-				.entry(validator_idx)
-				.or_insert_with(|| ValidatorPair::generate().0);
+			let public = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&**keystore, ValidatorId::ID, None)
+				.await
+				.expect("generated sr25519 key");
 			SignedAvailabilityBitfield::sign(
+				&keystore,
 				field.into(),
 				&<SigningContext<Hash>>::default(),
 				validator_idx,
-				validator,
-			)
+				&public.into(),
+			).await.expect("Should be signed")
 		}

 		#[test]
 		fn not_more_than_one_per_validator() {
+			// Configure filesystem-based keystore as generating keys without seed
+			// would trigger the key to be generated on the filesystem.
+			let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
+			let keystore : SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::open(keystore_path.path(), None)
+				.expect("Creates keystore"));
 			let bitvec = default_bitvec();

 			let cores = vec![occupied_core(0), occupied_core(1)];
@@ -586,9 +587,9 @@ mod tests {
 			// we pass in three bitfields with two validators
 			// this helps us check the postcondition that we get two bitfields back, for which the validators differ
 			let bitfields = vec![
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec.clone(), 0),
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec.clone(), 1),
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec, 1),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec.clone(), 0)),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec.clone(), 1)),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec, 1)),
 			];

 			let mut selected_bitfields = select_availability_bitfields(&cores, &bitfields);
@@ -602,14 +603,19 @@ mod tests {

 		#[test]
 		fn each_corresponds_to_an_occupied_core() {
+			// Configure filesystem-based keystore as generating keys without seed
+			// would trigger the key to be generated on the filesystem.
+			let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
+			let keystore : SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::open(keystore_path.path(), None)
+				.expect("Creates keystore"));
 			let bitvec = default_bitvec();

 			let cores = vec![CoreState::Free, CoreState::Scheduled(Default::default())];

 			let bitfields = vec![
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec.clone(), 0),
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec.clone(), 1),
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec, 1),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec.clone(), 0)),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec.clone(), 1)),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec, 1)),
 			];

 			let mut selected_bitfields = select_availability_bitfields(&cores, &bitfields);
@@ -621,6 +627,11 @@ mod tests {

 		#[test]
 		fn more_set_bits_win_conflicts() {
+			// Configure filesystem-based keystore as generating keys without seed
+			// would trigger the key to be generated on the filesystem.
+			let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
+			let keystore : SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::open(keystore_path.path(), None)
+				.expect("Creates keystore"));
 			let bitvec_zero = default_bitvec();
 			let bitvec_one = {
 				let mut bitvec = bitvec_zero.clone();
@@ -631,8 +642,8 @@ mod tests {
 			let cores = vec![occupied_core(0)];

 			let bitfields = vec![
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec_zero, 0),
-				signed_bitfield(bitvec_one.clone(), 0),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec_zero, 0)),
+				block_on(signed_bitfield(&keystore, bitvec_one.clone(), 0)),
 			];

 			// this test is probablistic: chances are excellent that it does what it claims to.
@@ -9,21 +9,23 @@ futures = "0.3.5"
 log = "0.4.11"
 streamunordered = "0.5.1"
 codec = { package="parity-scale-codec", version = "1.3.4", features = ["std"]  }
+derive_more = "0.99.9"
 polkadot-primitives = { path = "../../../primitives" }
 polkadot-erasure-coding = { path = "../../../erasure-coding" }
 polkadot-subsystem = { package = "polkadot-node-subsystem", path = "../../subsystem" }
 polkadot-network-bridge = { path = "../../network/bridge" }
 polkadot-node-network-protocol = { path = "../../network/protocol" }
 polkadot-node-subsystem-util = { path = "../../subsystem-util" }
-sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
-derive_more = "0.99.9"
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", features = ["std"]  }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }

 [dev-dependencies]
 polkadot-subsystem-testhelpers = { package = "polkadot-node-subsystem-test-helpers", path = "../../subsystem-test-helpers" }
 bitvec = { version = "0.17.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", features = ["std"] }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sp-keyring = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 parking_lot = "0.11.0"
 futures-timer = "3.0.2"
 env_logger = "0.7.1"
@@ -25,12 +25,8 @@
 use codec::{Decode, Encode};
 use futures::{channel::oneshot, FutureExt};

-use keystore::KeyStorePtr;
-use sp_core::{
-	crypto::Public,
-	traits::BareCryptoStore,
-};
-use sc_keystore as keystore;
+use sp_core::crypto::Public;
+use sp_keystore::{CryptoStore, SyncCryptoStorePtr};

 use log::{trace, warn};
 use polkadot_erasure_coding::branch_hash;
@@ -293,7 +289,7 @@ impl ProtocolState {
 /// which depends on the message type received.
 async fn handle_network_msg<Context>(
 	ctx: &mut Context,
-	keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+	keystore: &SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	state: &mut ProtocolState,
 	metrics: &Metrics,
 	bridge_message: NetworkBridgeEvent<protocol_v1::AvailabilityDistributionMessage>,
@@ -332,7 +328,7 @@ where
 /// Handle the changes necessary when our view changes.
 async fn handle_our_view_change<Context>(
 	ctx: &mut Context,
-	keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+	keystore: &SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	state: &mut ProtocolState,
 	view: View,
 	metrics: &Metrics,
@@ -353,7 +349,7 @@ where
 		let validator_index = obtain_our_validator_index(
 			&validators,
 			keystore.clone(),
-		);
+		).await;
 		state.add_relay_parent(ctx, added, validators, validator_index).await?;
 	}

@@ -579,18 +575,16 @@ where
 /// Obtain the first key which has a signing key.
 /// Returns the index within the validator set as `ValidatorIndex`, if there exists one,
 /// otherwise, `None` is returned.
-fn obtain_our_validator_index(
+async fn obtain_our_validator_index(
 	validators: &[ValidatorId],
-	keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+	keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 ) -> Option<ValidatorIndex> {
-	let keystore = keystore.read();
-	validators.iter().enumerate().find_map(|(idx, validator)| {
-		if keystore.has_keys(&[(validator.to_raw_vec(), PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID)]) {
-			Some(idx as ValidatorIndex)
-		} else {
-			None
+	for (idx, validator) in validators.iter().enumerate() {
+		if CryptoStore::has_keys(&*keystore, &[(validator.to_raw_vec(), PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID)]).await {
+			return Some(idx as ValidatorIndex)
 		}
-	})
+	}
+	None
 }

 /// Handle an incoming message from a peer.
@@ -712,7 +706,7 @@ where
 /// The bitfield distribution subsystem.
 pub struct AvailabilityDistributionSubsystem {
 	/// Pointer to a keystore, which is required for determining this nodes validator index.
-	keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+	keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	/// Prometheus metrics.
 	metrics: Metrics,
 }
@@ -722,7 +716,7 @@ impl AvailabilityDistributionSubsystem {
 	const K: usize = 3;

 	/// Create a new instance of the availability distribution.
-	pub fn new(keystore: KeyStorePtr, metrics: Metrics) -> Self {
+	pub fn new(keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr, metrics: Metrics) -> Self {
 		Self { keystore, metrics }
 	}

@@ -741,7 +735,7 @@ impl AvailabilityDistributionSubsystem {
 				} => {
 					if let Err(e) = handle_network_msg(
 						&mut ctx,
-						self.keystore.clone(),
+						&self.keystore.clone(),
 						&mut state,
 						&self.metrics,
 						event,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use polkadot_erasure_coding::{branches, obtain_chunks_v1 as obtain_chunks};
 use polkadot_primitives::v1::{
 	AvailableData, BlockData, CandidateCommitments, CandidateDescriptor, GroupIndex,
 	GroupRotationInfo, HeadData, PersistedValidationData, OccupiedCore,
-	PoV, ScheduledCore, ValidatorPair,
+	PoV, ScheduledCore,
 };
 use polkadot_subsystem_testhelpers::{self as test_helpers};
 use polkadot_node_subsystem_util::TimeoutExt;
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@ use polkadot_node_network_protocol::ObservedRole;
 use futures::{executor, future, Future};
 use futures_timer::Delay;
 use smallvec::smallvec;
-use std::time::Duration;
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use sc_keystore::LocalKeystore;
+use sp_keystore::{SyncCryptoStorePtr, SyncCryptoStore};
+use sp_application_crypto::AppKey;

 macro_rules! view {
 		( $( $hash:expr ),* $(,)? ) => [
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ struct TestHarness {
 }

 fn test_harness<T: Future<Output = ()>>(
-	keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+	keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	test: impl FnOnce(TestHarness) -> T,
 ) {
 	let _ = env_logger::builder()
@@ -144,7 +147,7 @@ struct TestState {
 	validator_index: Option<ValidatorIndex>,
 	validator_groups: (Vec<Vec<ValidatorIndex>>, GroupRotationInfo),
 	head_data: HashMap<ParaId, HeadData>,
-	keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+	keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	relay_parent: Hash,
 	ancestors: Vec<Hash>,
 	availability_cores: Vec<CoreState>,
@@ -170,11 +173,9 @@ impl Default for TestState {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 		];

-		let keystore = keystore::Store::new_in_memory();
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());

-		keystore
-			.write()
-			.insert_ephemeral_from_seed::<ValidatorPair>(&validators[0].to_seed())
+		SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&validators[0].to_seed()))
 			.expect("Insert key into keystore");

 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);
@@ -22,8 +22,12 @@ sc-network = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master
 polkadot-node-subsystem-test-helpers = { path = "../../subsystem-test-helpers" }
 bitvec = { version = "0.17.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 parking_lot = "0.11.0"
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 smol = "0.3.3"
 env_logger = "0.7.1"
 assert_matches = "1.3.0"
+tempfile = "3.1.0"
@@ -674,10 +674,13 @@ mod test {
 	use bitvec::bitvec;
 	use futures::executor;
 	use maplit::hashmap;
-	use polkadot_primitives::v1::{Signed, ValidatorPair, AvailabilityBitfield};
+	use polkadot_primitives::v1::{Signed, AvailabilityBitfield};
 	use polkadot_node_subsystem_test_helpers::make_subsystem_context;
 	use polkadot_node_subsystem_util::TimeoutExt;
-	use sp_core::crypto::Pair;
+	use sp_keystore::{SyncCryptoStorePtr, SyncCryptoStore};
+	use sp_application_crypto::AppKey;
+	use sc_keystore::LocalKeystore;
+	use std::sync::Arc;
 	use std::time::Duration;
 	use assert_matches::assert_matches;
 	use polkadot_node_network_protocol::ObservedRole;
@@ -735,22 +738,28 @@ mod test {
 		}
 	}

-	fn state_with_view(view: View, relay_parent: Hash) -> (ProtocolState, SigningContext, ValidatorPair) {
+	fn state_with_view(
+		view: View,
+		relay_parent: Hash,
+		keystore_path: &tempfile::TempDir,
+	) -> (ProtocolState, SigningContext, SyncCryptoStorePtr, ValidatorId) {
 		let mut state = ProtocolState::default();

-		let (validator_pair, _seed) = ValidatorPair::generate();
-		let validator = validator_pair.public();
-
 		let signing_context = SigningContext {
 			session_index: 1,
 			parent_hash: relay_parent.clone(),
 		};

+		let keystore : SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::open(keystore_path.path(), None)
+			.expect("Creates keystore"));
+		let validator = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, None)
+			.expect("generating sr25519 key not to fail");
+
 		state.per_relay_parent = view.0.iter().map(|relay_parent| {(
 				relay_parent.clone(),
 				PerRelayParentData {
 					signing_context: signing_context.clone(),
-					validator_set: vec![validator.clone()],
+					validator_set: vec![validator.clone().into()],
 					one_per_validator: hashmap!{},
 					message_received_from_peer: hashmap!{},
 					message_sent_to_peer: hashmap!{},
@@ -759,7 +768,7 @@ mod test {

 		state.view = view;

-		(state, signing_context, validator_pair)
+		(state, signing_context, keystore, validator.into())
 	}

 	#[test]
@@ -780,16 +789,19 @@ mod test {
 			parent_hash: hash_a.clone(),
 		};

-		// validator 0 key pair
-		let (validator_pair, _seed) = ValidatorPair::generate();
-		let validator = validator_pair.public();
-
 		// another validator not part of the validatorset
-		let (mallicious, _seed) = ValidatorPair::generate();
+		let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
+		let keystore : SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::open(keystore_path.path(), None)
+			.expect("Creates keystore"));
+		let malicious = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, None)
+								.expect("Malicious key created");
+		let validator = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, None)
+								.expect("Malicious key created");

 		let payload = AvailabilityBitfield(bitvec![bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8; 1u8; 32]);
 		let signed =
-			Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(payload, &signing_context, 0, &mallicious);
+			executor::block_on(Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(&keystore, payload, &signing_context, 0, &malicious.into()))
+			.expect("should be signed");

 		let msg = BitfieldGossipMessage {
 			relay_parent: hash_a.clone(),
@@ -801,7 +813,7 @@ mod test {
 			make_subsystem_context::<BitfieldDistributionMessage, _>(pool);

 		let mut state = prewarmed_state(
-			validator.clone(),
+			validator.into(),
 			signing_context.clone(),
 			msg.clone(),
 			vec![peer_b.clone()],
@@ -842,15 +854,17 @@ mod test {
 		let peer_b = PeerId::random();
 		assert_ne!(peer_a, peer_b);

+		let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
 		// validator 0 key pair
-		let (mut state, signing_context, validator_pair) =
-			state_with_view(view![hash_a, hash_b], hash_a.clone());
+		let (mut state, signing_context, keystore, validator) =
+			state_with_view(view![hash_a, hash_b], hash_a.clone(), &keystore_path);

 		state.peer_views.insert(peer_b.clone(), view![hash_a]);

 		let payload = AvailabilityBitfield(bitvec![bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8; 1u8; 32]);
 		let signed =
-			Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(payload, &signing_context, 42, &validator_pair);
+			executor::block_on(Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(&keystore, payload, &signing_context, 42, &validator))
+			.expect("should be signed");

 		let msg = BitfieldGossipMessage {
 			relay_parent: hash_a.clone(),
@@ -896,14 +910,16 @@ mod test {
 		let peer_b = PeerId::random();
 		assert_ne!(peer_a, peer_b);

+		let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
 		// validator 0 key pair
-		let (mut state, signing_context, validator_pair) =
-			state_with_view(view![hash_a, hash_b], hash_a.clone());
+		let (mut state, signing_context, keystore, validator) =
+			state_with_view(view![hash_a, hash_b], hash_a.clone(), &keystore_path);

 		// create a signed message by validator 0
 		let payload = AvailabilityBitfield(bitvec![bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8; 1u8; 32]);
 		let signed_bitfield =
-			Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(payload, &signing_context, 0, &validator_pair);
+			executor::block_on(Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(&keystore, payload, &signing_context, 0, &validator))
+			.expect("should be signed");

 		let msg = BitfieldGossipMessage {
 			relay_parent: hash_a.clone(),
@@ -1007,13 +1023,16 @@ mod test {
 		let peer_b = PeerId::random();
 		assert_ne!(peer_a, peer_b);

+		let keystore_path = tempfile::tempdir().expect("Creates keystore path");
 		// validator 0 key pair
-		let (mut state, signing_context, validator_pair) = state_with_view(view![hash_a, hash_b], hash_a.clone());
+		let (mut state, signing_context, keystore, validator) =
+			state_with_view(view![hash_a, hash_b], hash_a.clone(), &keystore_path);

 		// create a signed message by validator 0
 		let payload = AvailabilityBitfield(bitvec![bitvec::order::Lsb0, u8; 1u8; 32]);
 		let signed_bitfield =
-			Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(payload, &signing_context, 0, &validator_pair);
+			executor::block_on(Signed::<AvailabilityBitfield>::sign(&keystore, payload, &signing_context, 0, &validator))
+			.expect("should be signed");

 		let msg = BitfieldGossipMessage {
 			relay_parent: hash_a.clone(),
@@ -27,3 +27,6 @@ polkadot-node-subsystem-test-helpers = { path = "../../subsystem-test-helpers" }
 assert_matches = "1.3.0"
 sp-keyring = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
@@ -978,11 +978,15 @@ impl metrics::Metrics for Metrics {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;
+	use std::sync::Arc;
 	use sp_keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
+	use sp_application_crypto::AppKey;
 	use node_primitives::Statement;
 	use polkadot_primitives::v1::CommittedCandidateReceipt;
 	use assert_matches::assert_matches;
-	use futures::executor;
+	use futures::executor::{self, block_on};
+	use sp_keystore::{CryptoStore, SyncCryptoStorePtr, SyncCryptoStore};
+	use sc_keystore::LocalKeystore;

 	#[test]
 	fn active_head_accepts_only_2_seconded_per_validator() {
@@ -1022,13 +1026,22 @@ mod tests {

 		let mut head_data = ActiveHeadData::new(validators, session_index);

+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		let alice_public = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+			&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.to_seed())
+		).unwrap();
+		let bob_public = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+			&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&Sr25519Keyring::Bob.to_seed())
+		).unwrap();
+
 		// note A
-		let a_seconded_val_0 = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+		let a_seconded_val_0 = block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			&keystore,
 			Statement::Seconded(candidate_a.clone()),
 			&signing_context,
 			0,
-			&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.pair().into(),
-		);
+			&alice_public.into(),
+		)).expect("should be signed");
 		let noted = head_data.note_statement(a_seconded_val_0.clone());

 		assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));
@@ -1039,42 +1052,46 @@ mod tests {
 		assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::UsefulButKnown);

 		// note B
-		let noted = head_data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+		let noted = head_data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			&keystore,
 			Statement::Seconded(candidate_b.clone()),
 			&signing_context,
 			0,
-			&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.pair().into(),
-		));
+			&alice_public.into(),
+		)).expect("should be signed"));

 		assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));

 		// note C (beyond 2 - ignored)
-		let noted = head_data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+		let noted = head_data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			&keystore,
 			Statement::Seconded(candidate_c.clone()),
 			&signing_context,
 			0,
-			&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.pair().into(),
-		));
+			&alice_public.into(),
+		)).expect("should be signed"));

 		assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::NotUseful);

 		// note B (new validator)
-		let noted = head_data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+		let noted = head_data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			&keystore,
 			Statement::Seconded(candidate_b.clone()),
 			&signing_context,
 			1,
-			&Sr25519Keyring::Bob.pair().into(),
-		));
+			&bob_public.into(),
+		)).expect("should be signed"));

 		assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));

 		// note C (new validator)
-		let noted = head_data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+		let noted = head_data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			&keystore,
 			Statement::Seconded(candidate_c.clone()),
 			&signing_context,
 			1,
-			&Sr25519Keyring::Bob.pair().into(),
-		));
+			&bob_public.into(),
+		)).expect("should be signed"));

 		assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));
 	}
@@ -1252,33 +1269,48 @@ mod tests {
 			session_index,
 		};

+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+
+		let alice_public = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+			&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.to_seed())
+		).unwrap();
+		let bob_public = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+			&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&Sr25519Keyring::Bob.to_seed())
+		).unwrap();
+		let charlie_public = SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+			&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&Sr25519Keyring::Charlie.to_seed())
+		).unwrap();
+
 		let new_head_data = {
 			let mut data = ActiveHeadData::new(validators, session_index);

-			let noted = data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			let noted = data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&keystore,
 				Statement::Seconded(candidate.clone()),
 				&signing_context,
 				0,
-				&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.pair().into(),
-			));
+				&alice_public.into(),
+			)).expect("should be signed"));

 			assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));

-			let noted = data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			let noted = data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&keystore,
 				Statement::Valid(candidate_hash),
 				&signing_context,
 				1,
-				&Sr25519Keyring::Bob.pair().into(),
-			));
+				&bob_public.into(),
+			)).expect("should be signed"));

 			assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));

-			let noted = data.note_statement(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+			let noted = data.note_statement(block_on(SignedFullStatement::sign(
+				&keystore,
 				Statement::Valid(candidate_hash),
 				&signing_context,
 				2,
-				&Sr25519Keyring::Charlie.pair().into(),
-			));
+				&charlie_public.into(),
+			)).expect("should be signed"));

 			assert_matches!(noted, NotedStatement::Fresh(_));

@@ -1399,12 +1431,18 @@ mod tests {
 					session_index,
 				};

+				let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+				let alice_public = CryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(
+					&*keystore, ValidatorId::ID, Some(&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.to_seed())
+				).await.unwrap();
+
 				let statement = SignedFullStatement::sign(
+					&keystore,
 					Statement::Seconded(candidate),
 					&signing_context,
 					0,
-					&Sr25519Keyring::Alice.pair().into(),
-				);
+					&alice_public.into(),
+				).await.expect("should be signed");

 				StoredStatement {
 					comparator: StoredStatementComparator {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ fn new_partial<RuntimeApi, Executor>(config: &mut Configuration) -> Result<

 	let inherent_data_providers = inherents::InherentDataProviders::new();

-	let (client, backend, keystore, task_manager) =
+	let (client, backend, keystore_container, task_manager) =
 		service::new_full_parts::<Block, RuntimeApi, Executor>(&config)?;
 	let client = Arc::new(client);

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ fn new_partial<RuntimeApi, Executor>(config: &mut Configuration) -> Result<

 	let rpc_extensions_builder = {
 		let client = client.clone();
-		let keystore = keystore.clone();
+		let keystore = keystore_container.sync_keystore();
 		let transaction_pool = transaction_pool.clone();
 		let select_chain = select_chain.clone();

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ fn new_partial<RuntimeApi, Executor>(config: &mut Configuration) -> Result<
 	};

 	Ok(service::PartialComponents {
-		client, backend, task_manager, keystore, select_chain, import_queue, transaction_pool,
+		client, backend, task_manager, keystore_container, select_chain, import_queue, transaction_pool,
 		inherent_data_providers,
 		other: (rpc_extensions_builder, import_setup, rpc_setup)
 	})
@@ -338,8 +338,6 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 		RuntimeApiCollection<StateBackend = sc_client_api::StateBackendFor<FullBackend, Block>>,
 		Executor: NativeExecutionDispatch + 'static,
 {
-	use sp_core::traits::BareCryptoStorePtr;
-
 	let is_collator = collating_for.is_some();
 	let role = config.role.clone();
 	let is_authority = role.is_authority() && !is_collator;
@@ -351,7 +349,7 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 		client,
 		backend,
 		mut task_manager,
-		keystore,
+		keystore_container,
 		select_chain,
 		import_queue,
 		transaction_pool,
@@ -388,7 +386,7 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 		config,
 		backend: backend.clone(),
 		client: client.clone(),
-		keystore: keystore.clone(),
+		keystore: keystore_container.sync_keystore(),
 		network: network.clone(),
 		rpc_extensions_builder: Box::new(rpc_extensions_builder),
 		transaction_pool: transaction_pool.clone(),
@@ -454,7 +452,7 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 		);

 		let babe_config = babe::BabeParams {
-			keystore: keystore.clone(),
+			keystore: keystore_container.sync_keystore(),
 			client: client.clone(),
 			select_chain,
 			block_import,
@@ -473,7 +471,7 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 	// if the node isn't actively participating in consensus then it doesn't
 	// need a keystore, regardless of which protocol we use below.
 	let keystore_opt = if is_authority {
-		Some(keystore.clone() as BareCryptoStorePtr)
+		Some(keystore_container.sync_keystore())
 	} else {
 		None
 	};
@@ -546,7 +544,7 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 				Role::Authority { ref sentry_nodes } => (
 					sentry_nodes.clone(),
 					authority_discovery::Role::Authority (
-						keystore.clone(),
+						keystore_container.keystore(),
 					),
 				),
 				Role::Sentry {..} => (
@@ -560,17 +558,17 @@ pub fn new_full<RuntimeApi, Executor>(
 			let dht_event_stream = network_event_stream.filter_map(|e| async move { match e {
 				Event::Dht(e) => Some(e),
 				_ => None,
-			}}).boxed();
+			}});
 			let (authority_discovery_worker, _service) = authority_discovery::new_worker_and_service(
 				client.clone(),
 				network.clone(),
 				sentries,
-				dht_event_stream,
+				Box::pin(dht_event_stream),
 				authority_discovery_role,
 				prometheus_registry.clone(),
 			);

-			task_manager.spawn_handle().spawn("authority-discovery-worker", authority_discovery_worker);
+			task_manager.spawn_handle().spawn("authority-discovery-worker", authority_discovery_worker.run());
 		}
 	}

@@ -598,7 +596,7 @@ fn new_light<Runtime, Dispatch>(mut config: Configuration) -> Result<(TaskManage
 	set_prometheus_registry(&mut config)?;
 	use sc_client_api::backend::RemoteBackend;

-	let (client, backend, keystore, mut task_manager, on_demand) =
+	let (client, backend, keystore_container, mut task_manager, on_demand) =
 		service::new_light_parts::<Block, Runtime, Dispatch>(&config)?;

 	let select_chain = sc_consensus::LongestChain::new(backend.clone());
@@ -686,7 +684,7 @@ fn new_light<Runtime, Dispatch>(mut config: Configuration) -> Result<(TaskManage
 		task_manager: &mut task_manager,
 		telemetry_connection_sinks: service::TelemetryConnectionSinks::default(),
 		config,
-		keystore,
+		keystore: keystore_container.sync_keystore(),
 		backend,
 		transaction_pool,
 		client,
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ polkadot-node-subsystem = { path = "../subsystem" }
 polkadot-primitives = { path = "../../primitives" }
 polkadot-statement-table = { path = "../../statement-table" }

-sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sc-network = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-application-crypto = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 substrate-prometheus-endpoint = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }

 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -37,16 +37,23 @@ use futures::{
 	task,
 };
 use futures_timer::Delay;
-use sc_keystore::KeyStorePtr;
 use parity_scale_codec::Encode;
 use pin_project::{pin_project, pinned_drop};
 use polkadot_primitives::v1::{
 	CandidateEvent, CommittedCandidateReceipt, CoreState, EncodeAs, PersistedValidationData,
 	GroupRotationInfo, Hash, Id as ParaId, ValidationData, OccupiedCoreAssumption,
 	SessionIndex, Signed, SigningContext, ValidationCode, ValidatorId, ValidatorIndex,
-	ValidatorPair,
 };
-use sp_core::{Pair, traits::SpawnNamed};
+use sp_core::{
+	traits::SpawnNamed,
+	Public
+};
+use sp_application_crypto::AppKey;
+use sp_keystore::{
+	CryptoStore,
+	SyncCryptoStorePtr,
+	Error as KeystoreError,
+};
 use std::{
 	collections::HashMap,
 	convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
@@ -281,11 +288,13 @@ specialize_requests_ctx! {
 }

 /// From the given set of validators, find the first key we can sign with, if any.
-pub fn signing_key(validators: &[ValidatorId], keystore: &KeyStorePtr) -> Option<ValidatorPair> {
-	let keystore = keystore.read();
-	validators
-		.iter()
-		.find_map(|v| keystore.key_pair::<ValidatorPair>(&v).ok())
+pub async fn signing_key(validators: &[ValidatorId], keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr) -> Option<ValidatorId> {
+	for v in validators.iter() {
+		if CryptoStore::has_keys(&*keystore, &[(v.to_raw_vec(), ValidatorId::ID)]).await {
+			return Some(v.clone());
+		}
+	}
+	None
 }

 /// Local validator information
@@ -294,7 +303,7 @@ pub fn signing_key(validators: &[ValidatorId], keystore: &KeyStorePtr) -> Option
 /// relay chain block.
 pub struct Validator {
 	signing_context: SigningContext,
-	key: ValidatorPair,
+	key: ValidatorId,
 	index: ValidatorIndex,
 }

@@ -302,7 +311,7 @@ impl Validator {
 	/// Get a struct representing this node's validator if this node is in fact a validator in the context of the given block.
 	pub async fn new<FromJob>(
 		parent: Hash,
-		keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+		keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		mut sender: mpsc::Sender<FromJob>,
 	) -> Result<Self, Error>
 	where
@@ -324,22 +333,22 @@ impl Validator {

 		let validators = validators?;

-		Self::construct(&validators, signing_context, keystore)
+		Self::construct(&validators, signing_context, keystore).await
 	}

 	/// Construct a validator instance without performing runtime fetches.
 	///
 	/// This can be useful if external code also needs the same data.
-	pub fn construct(
+	pub async fn construct(
 		validators: &[ValidatorId],
 		signing_context: SigningContext,
-		keystore: KeyStorePtr,
+		keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-		let key = signing_key(validators, &keystore).ok_or(Error::NotAValidator)?;
+		let key = signing_key(validators, keystore).await.ok_or(Error::NotAValidator)?;
 		let index = validators
 			.iter()
 			.enumerate()
-			.find(|(_, k)| k == &&key.public())
+			.find(|(_, k)| k == &&key)
 			.map(|(idx, _)| idx as ValidatorIndex)
 			.expect("signing_key would have already returned NotAValidator if the item we're searching for isn't in this list; qed");

@@ -352,7 +361,7 @@ impl Validator {

 	/// Get this validator's id.
 	pub fn id(&self) -> ValidatorId {
-		self.key.public()
+		self.key.clone()
 	}

 	/// Get this validator's local index.
@@ -366,11 +375,12 @@ impl Validator {
 	}

 	/// Sign a payload with this validator
-	pub fn sign<Payload: EncodeAs<RealPayload>, RealPayload: Encode>(
+	pub async fn sign<Payload: EncodeAs<RealPayload>, RealPayload: Encode>(
 		&self,
+		keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		payload: Payload,
-	) -> Signed<Payload, RealPayload> {
-		Signed::sign(payload, &self.signing_context, self.index, &self.key)
+	) -> Result<Signed<Payload, RealPayload>, KeystoreError> {
+		Signed::sign(&keystore, payload, &self.signing_context, self.index, &self.key).await
 	}

 	/// Validate the payload with this validator
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ parity-scale-codec = { version = "1.3.4", default-features = false, features = [
 primitives = { package = "sp-core", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 inherents = { package = "sp-inherents", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 application-crypto = { package = "sp-application-crypto", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", optional = true }
 sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 sp-std = { package = "sp-std", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ std = [
 	"inherents/std",
 	"trie/std",
 	"sp-api/std",
+	"sp-authority-discovery/std",
+	"sp-keystore",
 	"sp-std/std",
 	"sp-version/std",
 	"sp-staking/std",
@@ -18,18 +18,22 @@
 //! perspective.

 use sp_std::prelude::*;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use sp_std::convert::TryInto;
 use sp_std::cmp::Ordering;
+
 use parity_scale_codec::{Encode, Decode};
 use bitvec::vec::BitVec;
-
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};

 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-use primitives::crypto::Pair;
+use sp_keystore::{CryptoStore, SyncCryptoStorePtr, Error as KeystoreError};
 use primitives::RuntimeDebug;
 use runtime_primitives::traits::{AppVerify, Block as BlockT};
 use inherents::InherentIdentifier;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use application_crypto::AppKey;
 use application_crypto::KeyTypeId;

 pub use runtime_primitives::traits::{BlakeTwo256, Hash as HashT, Verify, IdentifyAccount};
@@ -863,20 +867,26 @@ impl<Payload: EncodeAs<RealPayload>, RealPayload: Encode> Signed<Payload, RealPa

 	/// Sign this payload with the given context and key, storing the validator index.
 	#[cfg(feature = "std")]
-	pub fn sign<H: Encode>(
+	pub async fn sign<H: Encode>(
+		keystore: &SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		payload: Payload,
 		context: &SigningContext<H>,
 		validator_index: ValidatorIndex,
-		key: &ValidatorPair,
-	) -> Self {
+		key: &ValidatorId,
+	) -> Result<Self, KeystoreError> {
 		let data = Self::payload_data(&payload, context);
-		let signature = key.sign(&data);
-		Self {
+		let signature: ValidatorSignature = CryptoStore::sign_with(
+			&**keystore,
+			ValidatorId::ID,
+			&key.into(),
+			&data,
+		).await?.try_into().map_err(|_| KeystoreError::KeyNotSupported(ValidatorId::ID))?;
+		Ok(Self {
 			payload,
 			validator_index,
 			signature,
 			real_payload: std::marker::PhantomData,
-		}
+		})
 	}

 	/// Validate the payload given the context and public key.
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ jsonrpc-core = "15.0.0"
 polkadot-primitives = { path = "../primitives" }
 sc-client-api = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"  }
 sp-blockchain = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"  }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"  }
 sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"  }
 sp-api = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"  }
 sp-consensus = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"  }
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use sp_block_builder::BlockBuilder;
 use sp_blockchain::{HeaderBackend, HeaderMetadata, Error as BlockChainError};
 use sp_consensus::SelectChain;
 use sp_consensus_babe::BabeApi;
+use sp_keystore::SyncCryptoStorePtr;
 use sc_client_api::light::{Fetcher, RemoteBlockchain};
 use sc_consensus_babe::Epoch;
 use sc_finality_grandpa::FinalityProofProvider;
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ pub struct BabeDeps {
 	/// BABE pending epoch changes.
 	pub shared_epoch_changes: sc_consensus_epochs::SharedEpochChanges<Block, Epoch>,
 	/// The keystore that manages the keys of the node.
-	pub keystore: sc_keystore::KeyStorePtr,
+	pub keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 }

 /// Dependencies for GRANDPA
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ sp-runtime = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master
 sp-session = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 sp-staking = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 sp-core = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
+sp-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", optional = true }

 pallet-authority-discovery = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
 pallet-authorship = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ rand = { version = "0.7", default-features = false }
 rand_chacha = { version = "0.2.2", default-features = false }

 [dev-dependencies]
+futures = "0.3.4"
 hex-literal = "0.2.1"
 keyring = { package = "sp-keyring", git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
 sp-trie = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master" }
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ pallet-treasury = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "m
 serde_json = "1.0.41"
 libsecp256k1 = "0.3.2"
 sp-version = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master", default-features = false }
+sc-keystore = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate", branch = "master"}


 [features]
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ std = [
 	"inherents/std",
 	"sp-core/std",
 	"sp-api/std",
+	"sp-keystore",
 	"sp-std/std",
 	"sp-io/std",
 	"frame-support/std",
@@ -658,14 +658,18 @@ const fn availability_threshold(n_validators: usize) -> usize {
 mod tests {
 	use super::*;

+	use std::sync::Arc;
+	use futures::executor::block_on;
+	use primitives::v0::PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID;
 	use primitives::v1::{BlockNumber, Hash};
 	use primitives::v1::{
 		SignedAvailabilityBitfield, CompactStatement as Statement, ValidityAttestation, CollatorId,
 		CandidateCommitments, SignedStatement, CandidateDescriptor, ValidationCode,
 	};
+	use sp_keystore::{SyncCryptoStorePtr, SyncCryptoStore};
 	use frame_support::traits::{OnFinalize, OnInitialize};
 	use keyring::Sr25519Keyring;
-
+	use sc_keystore::LocalKeystore;
 	use crate::mock::{
 		new_test_ext, Configuration, Paras, System, Inclusion,
 		GenesisConfig as MockGenesisConfig, Test,
@@ -724,10 +728,11 @@ mod tests {
 		assert!(candidate.descriptor().check_collator_signature().is_ok());
 	}

-	fn back_candidate(
+	async fn back_candidate(
 		candidate: CommittedCandidateReceipt,
 		validators: &[Sr25519Keyring],
 		group: &[ValidatorIndex],
+		keystore: &SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		signing_context: &SigningContext,
 		kind: BackingKind,
 	) -> BackedCandidate {
@@ -748,11 +753,12 @@ mod tests {
 			*validator_indices.get_mut(idx_in_group).unwrap() = true;

 			let signature = SignedStatement::sign(
+				&keystore,
 				Statement::Valid(candidate_hash),
 				signing_context,
 				*val_idx,
-				&key.pair().into(),
-			).signature().clone();
+				&key.public().into(),
+			).await.unwrap().signature().clone();

 			validity_votes.push(ValidityAttestation::Explicit(signature).into());
 		}
@@ -823,7 +829,8 @@ mod tests {
 		val_ids.iter().map(|v| v.public().into()).collect()
 	}

-	fn sign_bitfield(
+	async fn sign_bitfield(
+		keystore: &SyncCryptoStorePtr,
 		key: &Sr25519Keyring,
 		validator_index: ValidatorIndex,
 		bitfield: AvailabilityBitfield,
@@ -832,11 +839,12 @@ mod tests {
 		-> SignedAvailabilityBitfield
 	{
 		SignedAvailabilityBitfield::sign(
+			&keystore,
 			bitfield,
 			&signing_context,
 			validator_index,
-			&key.pair().into(),
-		)
+			&key.public().into(),
+		).await.unwrap()
 	}

 	#[derive(Default)]
@@ -931,6 +939,10 @@ mod tests {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 			Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 		];
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		for validator in validators.iter() {
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, Some(&validator.to_seed())).unwrap();
+		}
 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);

 		new_test_ext(genesis_config(paras)).execute_with(|| {
@@ -953,12 +965,13 @@ mod tests {
 			{
 				let mut bare_bitfield = default_bitfield();
 				bare_bitfield.0.push(false);
-				let signed = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
 					vec![signed],
@@ -969,12 +982,13 @@ mod tests {
 			// duplicate.
 			{
 				let bare_bitfield = default_bitfield();
-				let signed = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
 					vec![signed.clone(), signed],
@@ -985,19 +999,21 @@ mod tests {
 			// out of order.
 			{
 				let bare_bitfield = default_bitfield();
-				let signed_0 = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed_0 = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield.clone(),
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

-				let signed_1 = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed_1 = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[1],
 					1,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
 					vec![signed_1, signed_0],
@@ -1009,12 +1025,13 @@ mod tests {
 			{
 				let mut bare_bitfield = default_bitfield();
 				*bare_bitfield.0.get_mut(0).unwrap() = true;
-				let signed = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
 					vec![signed],
@@ -1025,12 +1042,13 @@ mod tests {
 			// empty bitfield signed: always OK, but kind of useless.
 			{
 				let bare_bitfield = default_bitfield();
-				let signed = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
 					vec![signed],
@@ -1055,12 +1073,13 @@ mod tests {
 				PendingAvailabilityCommitments::insert(chain_a, default_candidate.commitments);

 				*bare_bitfield.0.get_mut(0).unwrap() = true;
-				let signed = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
 					vec![signed],
@@ -1087,12 +1106,13 @@ mod tests {
 				});

 				*bare_bitfield.0.get_mut(0).unwrap() = true;
-				let signed = sign_bitfield(
+				let signed = block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					&validators[0],
 					0,
 					bare_bitfield,
 					&signing_context,
-				);
+				));

 				// no core is freed
 				assert_eq!(
@@ -1120,6 +1140,10 @@ mod tests {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 			Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 		];
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		for validator in validators.iter() {
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, Some(&validator.to_seed())).unwrap();
+		}
 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);

 		new_test_ext(genesis_config(paras)).execute_with(|| {
@@ -1200,12 +1224,13 @@ mod tests {
 					return None
 				};

-				Some(sign_bitfield(
+				Some(block_on(sign_bitfield(
+					&keystore,
 					key,
 					i as ValidatorIndex,
 					to_sign,
 					&signing_context,
-				))
+				)))
 			}).collect();

 			assert!(Inclusion::process_bitfields(
@@ -1251,6 +1276,10 @@ mod tests {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 			Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 		];
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		for validator in validators.iter() {
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, Some(&validator.to_seed())).unwrap();
+		}
 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);

 		new_test_ext(genesis_config(paras)).execute_with(|| {
@@ -1308,13 +1337,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1353,21 +1383,23 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate_b,
 				);

-				let backed_a = back_candidate(
+				let backed_a = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate_a,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

-				let backed_b = back_candidate(
+				let backed_b = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate_b,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(1)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				// out-of-order manifests as unscheduled.
 				assert_eq!(
@@ -1394,13 +1426,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Lacking,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1429,13 +1462,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1463,13 +1497,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(2)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1504,13 +1539,14 @@ mod tests {
 				// change the candidate after signing.
 				candidate.descriptor.pov_hash = Hash::from([2; 32]);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(2)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1537,13 +1573,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				let candidate = TestCandidateBuilder::default().build();
 				<PendingAvailability<Test>>::insert(&chain_a, CandidatePendingAvailability {
@@ -1586,13 +1623,14 @@ mod tests {
 				// this is not supposed to happen
 				<PendingAvailabilityCommitments>::insert(&chain_a, candidate.commitments.clone());

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1622,13 +1660,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				Paras::schedule_code_upgrade(
 					chain_a,
@@ -1663,13 +1702,14 @@ mod tests {
 					&mut candidate,
 				);

-				let backed = back_candidate(
+				let backed = block_on(back_candidate(
 					candidate,
 					&validators,
 					group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+					&keystore,
 					&signing_context,
 					BackingKind::Threshold,
-				);
+				));

 				assert_eq!(
 					Inclusion::process_candidates(
@@ -1697,6 +1737,10 @@ mod tests {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 			Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 		];
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		for validator in validators.iter() {
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, Some(&validator.to_seed())).unwrap();
+		}
 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);

 		new_test_ext(genesis_config(paras)).execute_with(|| {
@@ -1776,29 +1820,32 @@ mod tests {
 				&mut candidate_c,
 			);

-			let backed_a = back_candidate(
+			let backed_a = block_on(back_candidate(
 				candidate_a.clone(),
 				&validators,
 				group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+				&keystore,
 				&signing_context,
 				BackingKind::Threshold,
-			);
+			));

-			let backed_b = back_candidate(
+			let backed_b = block_on(back_candidate(
 				candidate_b.clone(),
 				&validators,
 				group_validators(GroupIndex::from(1)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+				&keystore,
 				&signing_context,
 				BackingKind::Threshold,
-			);
+			));

-			let backed_c = back_candidate(
+			let backed_c = block_on(back_candidate(
 				candidate_c.clone(),
 				&validators,
 				group_validators(GroupIndex::from(2)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+				&keystore,
 				&signing_context,
 				BackingKind::Threshold,
-			);
+			));

 			let occupied_cores = Inclusion::process_candidates(
 				vec![backed_a, backed_b, backed_c],
@@ -1871,6 +1918,10 @@ mod tests {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 			Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 		];
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		for validator in validators.iter() {
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, Some(&validator.to_seed())).unwrap();
+		}
 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);

 		new_test_ext(genesis_config(paras)).execute_with(|| {
@@ -1909,13 +1960,14 @@ mod tests {
 				&mut candidate_a,
 			);

-			let backed_a = back_candidate(
+			let backed_a = block_on(back_candidate(
 				candidate_a.clone(),
 				&validators,
 				group_validators(GroupIndex::from(0)).unwrap().as_ref(),
+				&keystore,
 				&signing_context,
 				BackingKind::Threshold,
-			);
+			));

 			let occupied_cores = Inclusion::process_candidates(
 				vec![backed_a],
@@ -1958,6 +2010,10 @@ mod tests {
 			Sr25519Keyring::Dave,
 			Sr25519Keyring::Ferdie,
 		];
+		let keystore: SyncCryptoStorePtr = Arc::new(LocalKeystore::in_memory());
+		for validator in validators.iter() {
+			SyncCryptoStore::sr25519_generate_new(&*keystore, PARACHAIN_KEY_TYPE_ID, Some(&validator.to_seed())).unwrap();
+		}
 		let validator_public = validator_pubkeys(&validators);

 		new_test_ext(genesis_config(paras)).execute_with(|| {