pre-release v0.1.0-dev.5 (#110 )

use the long revive version string in the contract metadata (#109 )
solidity: rename the revive metadata (#106 )
2026-06-14 16:51:04 +00:00 · 2024-10-31 15:22:34 +01:00 · 2024-10-31 14:52:06 +01:00 · 2024-10-31 13:00:35 +01:00 · 2024-10-31 12:07:39 +01:00 · 2024-10-31 11:46:47 +01:00
296 changed files with 45640 additions and 1 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: Build revive-debian
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  REVIVE_DEBIAN_PACKAGE: revive-debian-x86
+  DEBIAN_CONTAINER: revive-builder-debian-x86
+  DEBIAN_CONTAINER_BUILDER: build-debian-builder.sh
+  DEBIAN_CONTAINER_RUNNER: run-debian-builder.sh
+  REVIVE_DEBIAN_INSTALL: ${{ github.workspace }}/target/release
+  REVIVE_DEBIAN_BINARY: resolc
+  RUST_VERSION: "1.80"
+
+jobs:
+  build-revive-debian-x86:
+    name: debian-container-x86
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: build-container
+        run: |
+          (cd utils && ./${{ env.DEBIAN_CONTAINER_BUILDER}} --build-arg RUST_VERSION=${{ env.RUST_VERSION}} . )
+
+      - name: build-revive-debian
+        run: |
+          rustup show
+          cargo --version
+          rustup +nightly show
+          cargo +nightly --version
+          bash --version
+          utils/${{ env.DEBIAN_CONTAINER_RUNNER }} utils/build-revive.sh -o ${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_INSTALL}}
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_PACKAGE }}
+          path: ${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_INSTALL }}/${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_BINARY }}
+          retention-days: 1
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: Build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: ["main"]
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  build-ubuntu-x86:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install solc
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p solc
+          curl -sSL --output solc/solc https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/releases/download/v0.8.28/solc-static-linux
+          chmod +x solc/solc
+          echo "$(pwd)/solc/" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Install LLVM
+        run: |
+          curl -sSL --output llvm.tar.xz https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-18.1.4/clang+llvm-18.1.4-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.xz
+          tar Jxf llvm.tar.xz
+          mv clang+llvm-18.1.4-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04 llvm18/
+          echo "$(pwd)/llvm18/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+      - name: Install apt dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install -y libtinfo5 ethereum
+
+      - name: Format
+        run: make format
+
+      - name: Clippy
+        run: make clippy
+
+      - name: Test cargo workspace
+        run: make test-workspace
+
+      - name: Test CLI
+        run: make test-cli
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ${{ github.job }}-resolc
+          path: ./target/release/resolc
+          retention-days: 1
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/target
+*.dot
+.vscode/
+.DS_Store
+/*.sol
+/*.yul
+/*.ll
+/*.s
+/llvm-project
+/llvm18.0
+node_modules
+artifacts
+tmp
+package-lock.json
+/*.html
+/build
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## Unreleased
+
+## v0.1.0-dev.5
+
+This is development pre-release.
+
+# Added
+- Implement the `CODESIZE` and `EXTCODESIZE` opcodes.
+
+# Changed
+- Include the full revive version in the contract metadata.
+
+# Fixed
+
+## v0.1.0-dev-4
+
+This is development pre-release.
+
+# Added
+- Support the `ORIGIN` opcode.
+
+# Changed
+- Update polkavm to `v0.14.0`.
+- Enable the `a`, `fast-unaligned-access` and `xtheadcondmov` LLVM target features, decreasing the code size for some contracts.
+
+# Fixed
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+[workspace]
+resolver = "2"
+members = ["crates/*"]
+
+[workspace.package]
+version = "0.1.0-dev.5"
+authors = [
+    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
+    "Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>",
+]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+edition = "2021"
+repository = "https://github.com/paritytech/revive"
+rust-version = "1.80.0"
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+revive-benchmarks = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/benchmarks" }
+revive-builtins = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/builtins" }
+revive-common = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/common" }
+revive-differential = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/differential" }
+revive-integration = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/integration" }
+revive-linker = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/linker" }
+lld-sys = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/lld-sys" }
+revive-llvm-context = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/llvm-context" }
+revive-runtime-api = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/runtime-api" }
+revive-runner = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/runner" }
+revive-solidity = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/solidity" }
+revive-stdlib = { version = "0.1.0-dev.5", path = "crates/stdlib" }
+
+hex = "0.4"
+petgraph = "0.6"
+cc = "1.0"
+libc = "0.2"
+tempfile = "3.8"
+anyhow = "1.0"
+semver = { version = "1.0", features = [ "serde" ] }
+itertools = "0.12"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = [ "derive" ] }
+serde_json = { version = "1.0", features = [ "arbitrary_precision" ] }
+regex = "1.10"
+once_cell = "1.19"
+num = "0.4"
+sha1 = "0.10"
+sha2 = "0.10"
+sha3 = "0.10"
+md5 = "0.7"
+colored = "2.1"
+thiserror = "1.0"
+which = "5.0"
+path-slash = "0.2"
+rayon = "1.8"
+clap = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
+rand = "0.8"
+polkavm-common = "0.14"
+polkavm-linker = "0.14"
+polkavm-disassembler = "0.14"
+polkavm = "0.14"
+alloy-primitives = { version = "0.8", features = ["serde"] }
+alloy-sol-types = "0.8"
+alloy-genesis = "0.3"
+alloy-serde = "0.3"
+env_logger = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false }
+serde_stacker = "0.1"
+criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] }
+log = { version = "0.4" }
+
+# polkadot-sdk and friends
+codec = { version = "3.6.12", default-features = false, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
+scale-info = { version = "2.11.1", default-features = false }
+polkadot-sdk = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk", rev = "2b6b69641ccff4d7aa9c32051bbb2f1e775ef8cc" }
+
+# llvm
+[workspace.dependencies.inkwell]
+git = "https://github.com/TheDan64/inkwell.git"
+rev = "7b410298b6a93450adaa90b1841d5805a3038f12"
+default-features = false
+features = ["serde", "llvm18-0", "no-libffi-linking", "target-riscv"]
+
+[profile.bench]
+inherits = "release"
+lto = true
+codegen-units = 1
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+
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+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
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+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
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+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   Copyright (c) 2019 Matter Labs
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019 Matter Labs
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+.PHONY: install format test test-solidity test-cli test-integration test-workspace clean docs docs-build
+
+install: install-bin install-npm
+
+install-bin:
+	cargo install --path crates/solidity
+
+install-npm:
+	npm install && npm fund
+
+# install-revive: Build and install to the directory specified in REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR
+ifeq ($(origin REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR), undefined)
+REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR=`pwd`/release/revive-debian
+endif
+install-revive:
+	cargo install --path crates/solidity --root $(REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR)
+
+format:
+	cargo fmt --all --check
+
+clippy:
+	cargo clippy --all-features --workspace --tests --benches -- --deny warnings --allow dead_code
+
+test: format clippy test-cli test-workspace
+
+test-integration: install-bin
+	cargo test --package revive-integration
+
+test-solidity: install
+	cargo test --package revive-solidity
+
+test-workspace: install
+	cargo test --workspace
+
+test-cli: install
+	npm run test:cli
+
+bench-pvm: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --bench execute --features bench-pvm-interpreter --message-format=json \
+	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/PVM.md
+
+bench-evm: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --bench execute --features bench-evm --message-format=json \
+	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/EVM.md
+
+bench: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --all --all-features --message-format=json \
+	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/BENCHMARKS.md
+
+docs: docs-build
+	mdbook serve --open docs/
+
+docs-build:
+	mdbook test docs/ && mdbook build docs/
+
+clean:
+	cargo clean ; \
+	rm -rf node_modules ; \
+	rm -rf crates/solidity/src/tests/cli-tests/artifacts ; \
+	cargo uninstall revive-solidity ; \
+	rm -f package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+![CI](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/actions/workflows/rust.yml/badge.svg)
+
+# revive
+
+YUL and EVM assembly recompiler to LLVM, targetting RISC-V on [PolkaVM](https://github.com/koute/polkavm).
+
+[Frontend](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-compiler-solidity) and [code generator](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-compiler-llvm-context) are based of ZKSync `zksolc`.
+
+## Status
+
+This is experimental software in active development and not ready just yet for production usage.
+
+Discussion around the development is hosted on the [Polkadot Forum](https://forum.polkadot.network/t/contracts-update-solidity-on-polkavm/6949#a-new-solidity-compiler-1).
+
+## Installation
+
+`resolc` depends on the [solc](https://github.com/ethereum/solidity) binary installed on your system.
+
+To install the `resolc` Solidity frontend executable:
+
+```bash
+bash build-llvm.sh
+export PATH=${PWD}/llvm18.0/bin:$PATH
+make install-bin
+resolc --version
+```
+
+### LLVM
+
+`revive` requires a build of LLVM 18.1.4 or later including `compiler-rt`. Use the provided [build-llvm.sh](build-llvm.sh) build script to compile a compatible LLVM build locally in `$PWD/llvm18.0` (don't forget to add that to `$PATH` afterwards). 
+
+### Development
+
+Please consult the [Makefile](Makefile) targets to learn how to run tests and benchmarks. 
+Ensure that your branch passes `make test` locally when submitting a pull request.
+
+## Design overview
+`revive` uses [solc](https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/), the Ethereum Solidity compiler, as the [Solidity frontend](crates/solidity/src/lib.rs) to process smart contracts written in Solidity. The YUL IR code (or legacy EVM assembly as a fallback for older `solc` versions) emitted by `solc` is then translated to LLVM IR, targetting [Polkadots `revive` pallet](https://docs.rs/pallet-revive/latest/pallet_revive/trait.SyscallDoc.html).
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Release checklist
+
+Prior to the first stable release we neither have formal release processes nor do we follow a fixed release schedule.
+
+To create a new pre-release:
+
+1. Merge a release PR which updates the `-dev.X` versions in the workspace `Cargo.toml` and updates the `CHANGELOG.md` accordingly
+2. Push a release tag to `main`
+3. Manually trigger the `Build revive-debian` action
+4. Create a __pre-release__ from the tag and manually upload the build artifact generated by the action
+5. Update the [contract-docs](https://github.com/paritytech/contract-docs/) accordingly
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+INSTALL_DIR="${PWD}/llvm18.0"
+mkdir -p ${INSTALL_DIR}
+
+
+# Clone LLVM 18 (any revision after commit bd32aaa is supposed to work)
+if [ ! -d "llvm-project" ]; then
+  git clone --depth 1 --branch release/18.x https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
+fi
+
+
+# Build LLVM, clang
+LLVM_SRC_PREFIX=${PWD}/llvm-project
+LLVM_SRC_DIR=${LLVM_SRC_PREFIX}/llvm
+LLVM_BUILD_DIR=${PWD}/build/llvm
+if [ ! -d ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR} ] ; then
+	mkdir -p ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR}
+fi
+
+cmake -G Ninja \
+  -S ${LLVM_SRC_DIR} \
+  -B ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR} \
+  -DLLVM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=On \
+  -DLLVM_ENABLE_TERMINFO=Off \
+  -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBXML2=Off \
+  -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB=Off \
+  -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS='clang;lld' \
+  -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD='RISCV' \
+  -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD=Off \
+  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=MinSizeRel \
+  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_DIR}
+
+cmake --build ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR}
+cmake --install ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR}
+
+# Build compiler builtins
+COMPILER_RT_SRC_DIR=${LLVM_SRC_PREFIX}/compiler-rt
+COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR=${PWD}/build/compiler-rt
+if [ ! -d ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR} ] ; then
+	mkdir -p ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR}
+fi
+
+build_compiler_rt() {
+	case "$1" in
+		64) TARGET_ABI=lp64e ;;
+		32) TARGET_ABI=ilp32e ;;
+		*) exit -1
+	esac
+	CFLAGS="--target=riscv${1} -march=rv${1}em -mabi=${TARGET_ABI} -mcpu=generic-rv${1} -nostdlib -nodefaultlibs"
+
+	cmake -G Ninja \
+	  -S ${COMPILER_RT_SRC_DIR} \
+	  -B ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR} \
+	  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+	  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_DIR} \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_BUILTINS=ON \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_LIBFUZZER=OFF \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_MEMPROF=OFF \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_PROFILE=OFF \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_SANITIZERS=OFF \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY=OFF \
+	  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/clang \
+	  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET=riscv${1} \
+	  -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET=riscv${1} \
+	  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET=riscv${1} \
+	  -DCMAKE_C_TARGET_BITS=riscv${1} \
+	  -DCMAKE_ASM_TARGET_BITS=riscv${1} \
+	  -DCMAKE_AR=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-ar \
+	  -DCMAKE_NM=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-nm \
+	  -DCMAKE_RANLIB=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-ranlib \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BAREMETAL_BUILD=ON \
+	  -DLLVM_CONFIG_PATH=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-config \
+	  -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${CFLAGS}" \
+	  -DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS="${CFLAGS}" \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/clang \
+	  -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${CFLAGS}" \
+	  -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=unknown \
+	  -DCOMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY=ON 
+	
+	cmake --build ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR}
+	cmake --install ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR} 
+}
+
+build_compiler_rt 32
+build_compiler_rt 64
+
+echo ""
+echo "success"
+echo "add this directory to your PATH: ${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/"
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Benchmarks
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Benchmark Results](#benchmark-results)
+    - [Baseline](#baseline)
+    - [OddPorduct](#oddporduct)
+    - [TriangleNumber](#trianglenumber)
+    - [FibonacciRecursive](#fibonaccirecursive)
+    - [FibonacciIterative](#fibonacciiterative)
+    - [FibonacciBinet](#fibonaccibinet)
+    - [SHA1](#sha1)
+
+## Benchmark Results
+
+### Baseline
+
+|         | `EVM`                   | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
+|:--------|:------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `5.97 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `27.04 us` (❌ *4.53x slower*)    |
+
+### OddPorduct
+
+|              | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
+|:-------------|:--------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
+| **`10000`**  | `4.26 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `2.88 ms` (✅ **1.48x faster**)   |
+| **`100000`** | `42.37 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `28.35 ms` (✅ **1.49x faster**)  |
+| **`300000`** | `127.88 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `88.43 ms` (✅ **1.45x faster**)  |
+
+### TriangleNumber
+
+|              | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
+|:-------------|:--------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
+| **`10000`**  | `2.85 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `2.37 ms` (✅ **1.20x faster**)   |
+| **`100000`** | `27.85 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `23.01 ms` (✅ **1.21x faster**)  |
+| **`360000`** | `103.01 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `83.66 ms` (✅ **1.23x faster**)  |
+
+### FibonacciRecursive
+
+|          | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                  |
+|:---------|:--------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`12`** | `195.19 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `333.53 us` (❌ *1.71x slower*)    |
+| **`16`** | `1.22 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `1.97 ms` (❌ *1.62x slower*)      |
+| **`20`** | `8.14 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `13.20 ms` (❌ *1.62x slower*)     |
+| **`24`** | `55.09 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `88.56 ms` (❌ *1.61x slower*)     |
+
+### FibonacciIterative
+
+|           | `EVM`                    | `PVMInterpreter`                  |
+|:----------|:-------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`64`**  | `33.39 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `86.02 us` (❌ *2.58x slower*)     |
+| **`128`** | `52.91 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `126.38 us` (❌ *2.39x slower*)    |
+| **`256`** | `82.33 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `208.74 us` (❌ *2.54x slower*)    |
+
+### FibonacciBinet
+
+|           | `EVM`                    | `PVMInterpreter`                  |
+|:----------|:-------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`64`**  | `32.29 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `161.75 us` (❌ *5.01x slower*)    |
+| **`128`** | `36.02 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `172.59 us` (❌ *4.79x slower*)    |
+| **`256`** | `41.21 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `185.30 us` (❌ *4.50x slower*)    |
+
+### SHA1
+
+|           | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                  |
+|:----------|:--------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`1`**   | `160.17 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `403.46 us` (❌ *2.52x slower*)    |
+| **`64`**  | `286.69 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `479.79 us` (❌ *1.67x slower*)    |
+| **`512`** | `1.18 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `1.37 ms` (❌ *1.16x slower*)      |
+
+---
+Made with [criterion-table](https://github.com/nu11ptr/criterion-table)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-benchmarks"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "revive compiler benchmarks"
+
+[features]
+default = ["bench-pvm-interpreter"]
+bench-pvm-interpreter = ["revive-runner"]
+bench-evm = ["revive-differential"]
+
+[dependencies]
+hex = { workspace = true }
+alloy-primitives = { workspace = true }
+
+revive-integration = { workspace = true }
+revive-differential = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+revive-runner = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+criterion = { workspace = true }
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "execute"
+harness = false
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#![cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-evm"))]
+
+use alloy_primitives::U256;
+use criterion::{
+    criterion_group, criterion_main,
+    measurement::{Measurement, WallTime},
+    BenchmarkGroup, BenchmarkId, Criterion,
+};
+use revive_integration::cases::Contract;
+
+fn bench<P, L, I>(
+    mut group: BenchmarkGroup<'_, WallTime>,
+    parameters: &[P],
+    labels: &[L],
+    contract: I,
+) where
+    P: Clone,
+    L: std::fmt::Display,
+    I: Fn(P) -> Contract,
+{
+    assert_eq!(parameters.len(), labels.len());
+
+    group.sample_size(10);
+
+    for (p, l) in parameters.iter().zip(labels.iter()) {
+        let contract = contract(p.clone());
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("EVM", l), p, |b, _| {
+            let code = &contract.evm_runtime;
+            let input = &contract.calldata;
+            b.iter_custom(|iters| revive_benchmarks::measure_evm(code, input, iters));
+        });
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
+        group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("PVMInterpreter", l), p, |b, _| {
+            let specs = revive_benchmarks::create_specs(&contract);
+            b.iter_custom(|iters| revive_benchmarks::measure_pvm(&specs, iters));
+        });
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn group<'error, M>(c: &'error mut Criterion<M>, group_name: &str) -> BenchmarkGroup<'error, M>
+where
+    M: Measurement,
+{
+    return c.benchmark_group(group_name);
+}
+
+fn bench_baseline(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "Baseline");
+    let parameters = &[0u8];
+
+    bench(group, parameters, parameters, |_| Contract::baseline());
+}
+
+fn bench_odd_product(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "OddPorduct");
+    let parameters = &[10_000, 100_000, 300000];
+
+    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::odd_product);
+}
+
+fn bench_triangle_number(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "TriangleNumber");
+    let parameters = &[10_000, 100_000, 360000];
+
+    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::triangle_number);
+}
+
+fn bench_fibonacci_recurisve(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "FibonacciRecursive");
+    let parameters = [12, 16, 20, 24]
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| U256::from(*p))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    bench(group, &parameters, &parameters, Contract::fib_recursive);
+}
+
+fn bench_fibonacci_iterative(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "FibonacciIterative");
+    let parameters = [64, 128, 256]
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| U256::from(*p))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    bench(group, &parameters, &parameters, Contract::fib_iterative);
+}
+
+fn bench_fibonacci_binet(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "FibonacciBinet");
+    let parameters = [64, 128, 256]
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| U256::from(*p))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    bench(group, &parameters, &parameters, Contract::fib_binet);
+}
+
+fn bench_sha1(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let group = group(c, "SHA1");
+    let parameters = &[vec![0xff], vec![0xff; 64], vec![0xff; 512]];
+    let labels = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    bench(group, parameters, &labels, |input| {
+        Contract::sha1(input.into())
+    });
+}
+
+criterion_group!(
+    name = execute;
+    config = Criterion::default();
+    targets = bench_baseline,
+    bench_odd_product,
+    bench_triangle_number,
+    bench_fibonacci_recurisve,
+    bench_fibonacci_iterative,
+    bench_fibonacci_binet,
+    bench_sha1
+);
+criterion_main!(execute);
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
+pub fn create_specs(contract: &revive_integration::cases::Contract) -> revive_runner::Specs {
+    use revive_runner::*;
+    use SpecsAction::*;
+    Specs {
+        differential: false,
+        actions: vec![
+            Instantiate {
+                code: Code::Bytes(contract.pvm_runtime.to_vec()),
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                data: Default::default(),
+                value: Default::default(),
+                gas_limit: Default::default(),
+                storage_deposit_limit: Default::default(),
+                salt: Default::default(),
+            },
+            Call {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+                data: contract.calldata.to_vec(),
+                value: Default::default(),
+                gas_limit: Default::default(),
+                storage_deposit_limit: Default::default(),
+            },
+        ],
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
+pub fn measure_pvm(specs: &revive_runner::Specs, iters: u64) -> std::time::Duration {
+    use revive_runner::*;
+    let mut total_time = std::time::Duration::default();
+
+    for _ in 0..iters {
+        let results = specs.clone().run();
+
+        let CallResult::Exec { result, wall_time } =
+            results.get(1).expect("contract should have been called")
+        else {
+            panic!("expected a execution result");
+        };
+        let ret = result.result.as_ref().unwrap();
+        assert!(!ret.did_revert());
+
+        total_time += *wall_time;
+    }
+
+    total_time
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+pub fn measure_evm(code: &[u8], input: &[u8], iters: u64) -> std::time::Duration {
+    let mut total_time = std::time::Duration::default();
+
+    let code = hex::encode(code);
+
+    for _ in 0..iters {
+        let log = revive_differential::Evm::default()
+            .code_blob(code.as_bytes().to_vec())
+            .input(input.to_vec().into())
+            .bench(true)
+            .run();
+        assert!(log.output.run_success(), "evm run failed: {log:?}");
+
+        total_time += log.execution_time().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    total_time
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-builtins"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+build = "build.rs"
+description = "compiler builtins for the revive compiler"
+
+[features]
+riscv-64 = []
+
+[dependencies]
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use std::{env, fs, io::Read, path::Path, process::Command};
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "riscv-64"))]
+pub const BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE: &str = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv32.a";
+#[cfg(feature = "riscv-64")]
+pub const BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE: &str = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv64.a";
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut llvm_lib_dir = String::new();
+
+    Command::new("llvm-config")
+        .args(["--libdir"])
+        .output()
+        .expect("llvm-config should be able to provide LD path")
+        .stdout
+        .as_slice()
+        .read_to_string(&mut llvm_lib_dir)
+        .expect("llvm-config output should be utf8");
+
+    let mut lib_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(llvm_lib_dir.trim())
+        .join("linux")
+        .join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
+    if !lib_path.exists() {
+        lib_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap())
+            .join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
+    }
+    let archive = fs::read(lib_path).expect("clang builtins not found");
+
+    let out_dir = env::var_os("OUT_DIR").expect("has OUT_DIR");
+    let archive_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
+    let len = archive.len();
+    std::fs::write(archive_path, &archive).expect("can write to OUT_DIR");
+
+    let src_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join("compiler_rt.rs");
+    let src = format!(
+        "pub static COMPILER_RT: &[u8; {len}] = include_bytes!(\"{BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE}\");"
+    );
+    fs::write(src_path, src).expect("can write to OUT_DIR");
+
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/compiler_rt.rs"));
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Generated by Cargo
+# will have compiled files and executables
+/target/
+
+# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
+# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
+Cargo.lock
+
+# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
+**/*.rs.bk
+
+# IDE
+/.idea/
+/.vscode/
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-common"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors = [
+    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
+    "Oleksandr Zarudnyi <a.zarudnyy@matterlabs.dev>",
+]
+description = "Shared constants of the revive compiler"
+
+[lib]
+doctest = false
+
+[features]
+riscv-64 = []
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = { workspace = true, features = [ "arbitrary_precision", "unbounded_depth" ] }
+serde_stacker = { workspace = true }
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# revive: Compiler Common
+
+## License
+
+This library is distributed under the terms of either
+
+- Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>)
+- MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>)
+
+at your option.
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//! The number base constants.
+
+/// The binary number base.
+pub const BASE_BINARY: u32 = 2;
+
+/// The octal number base.
+pub const BASE_OCTAL: u32 = 8;
+
+/// The decimal number base.
+pub const BASE_DECIMAL: u32 = 10;
+
+/// The hexadecimal number base.
+pub const BASE_HEXADECIMAL: u32 = 16;
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//! The common sizes in bits.
+
+/// The `bool` type bit-length.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_BOOLEAN: usize = 1;
+
+/// The `u8` type or byte bit-length.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_BYTE: usize = 8;
+
+/// The x86 word type (usually `u32`) bit-length.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_X32: usize = crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_X32 * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;
+
+/// The x86_64 word type (usually `u64`) bit-length.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_X64: usize = crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_X64 * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;
+
+/// The ETH address (usually `u160`) bit-length.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS: usize =
+    crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;
+
+/// The VM word (usually `u256` or `i256`) bit-length.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_WORD: usize = crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;
+
+/// Bit length of the runtime value type.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_VALUE: usize = BIT_LENGTH_WORD;
+
+/// Bit length of thre runimte block number type.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER: usize =
+    crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;
+
+/// Bit length of thre runimte block timestamp type.
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP: usize =
+    crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//! The common sizes in bytes.
+
+/// The byte-length.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BYTE: usize = 1;
+
+/// The x86 word byte-length.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_X32: usize = 4;
+
+/// The x86_64 word byte-length.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_X64: usize = 8;
+
+/// EVM native stack alignment size in bytes
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_STACK_ALIGN: usize = 32;
+
+/// The ETH address byte-length.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS: usize = 20;
+
+/// The word byte-length.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_WORD: usize = 32;
+
+/// Byte length of the runtime value type.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_VALUE: usize = 32;
+
+/// Byte length of the runtime block number type.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER: usize = 4;
+
+/// Byte length of the runtime block timestamp type.
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP: usize = 4;
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+//! The EVM version.
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+/// The EVM version.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum EVMVersion {
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "homestead")]
+    Homestead,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "tangerineWhistle")]
+    TangerineWhistle,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "spuriousDragon")]
+    SpuriousDragon,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "byzantium")]
+    Byzantium,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "constantinople")]
+    Constantinople,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "petersburg")]
+    Petersburg,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "istanbul")]
+    Istanbul,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "berlin")]
+    Berlin,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "london")]
+    London,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "paris")]
+    Paris,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "shanghai")]
+    Shanghai,
+    /// The corresponding EVM version.
+    #[serde(rename = "cancun")]
+    Cancun,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for EVMVersion {
+    type Error = anyhow::Error;
+
+    fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(match value {
+            "homestead" => Self::Homestead,
+            "tangerineWhistle" => Self::TangerineWhistle,
+            "spuriousDragon" => Self::SpuriousDragon,
+            "byzantium" => Self::Byzantium,
+            "constantinople" => Self::Constantinople,
+            "petersburg" => Self::Petersburg,
+            "istanbul" => Self::Istanbul,
+            "berlin" => Self::Berlin,
+            "london" => Self::London,
+            "paris" => Self::Paris,
+            "shanghai" => Self::Shanghai,
+            "cancun" => Self::Cancun,
+            _ => anyhow::bail!("Invalid EVM version: {}", value),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for EVMVersion {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Homestead => write!(f, "homestead"),
+            Self::TangerineWhistle => write!(f, "tangerineWhistle"),
+            Self::SpuriousDragon => write!(f, "spuriousDragon"),
+            Self::Byzantium => write!(f, "byzantium"),
+            Self::Constantinople => write!(f, "constantinople"),
+            Self::Petersburg => write!(f, "petersburg"),
+            Self::Istanbul => write!(f, "istanbul"),
+            Self::Berlin => write!(f, "berlin"),
+            Self::London => write!(f, "london"),
+            Self::Paris => write!(f, "paris"),
+            Self::Shanghai => write!(f, "shanghai"),
+            Self::Cancun => write!(f, "cancun"),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//! The revive exit code constants.
+
+/// The common application success exit code.
+pub const EXIT_CODE_SUCCESS: i32 = 0;
+
+/// The common application failure exit code.
+pub const EXIT_CODE_FAILURE: i32 = 1;
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//! The file extensions.
+
+/// The manifest file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_MANIFEST: &str = "toml";
+
+/// The JSON data file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_JSON: &str = "json";
+
+/// The ABI file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_ABI: &str = "abi";
+
+/// The Yul IR file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_YUL: &str = "yul";
+
+/// The EVM legacy assembly IR file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_EVMLA: &str = "evmla";
+
+/// The Ethereal IR file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_ETHIR: &str = "ethir";
+
+/// The EVM file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_EVM: &str = "evm";
+
+/// The EVM bytecode file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_EVM_BINARY: &str = "bin";
+
+/// The Solidity file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_SOLIDITY: &str = "sol";
+
+/// The LLL IR file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_LLL: &str = "lll";
+
+/// The LLVM source code file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_LLVM_SOURCE: &str = "ll";
+
+/// The LLVM bitcode file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_LLVM_BINARY: &str = "bc";
+
+/// The PolkaVM assembly file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_POLKAVM_ASSEMBLY: &str = "pvmasm";
+
+/// The PolkaVM bytecode file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_POLKAVM_BINARY: &str = "pvm";
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//! The compiler common library.
+
+pub(crate) mod base;
+pub(crate) mod bit_length;
+pub(crate) mod byte_length;
+pub(crate) mod evm_version;
+pub(crate) mod exit_code;
+pub(crate) mod extension;
+pub(crate) mod utils;
+
+pub use self::base::*;
+pub use self::bit_length::*;
+pub use self::byte_length::*;
+pub use self::evm_version::EVMVersion;
+pub use self::exit_code::*;
+pub use self::extension::*;
+pub use self::utils::*;
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//! The compiler common utils.
+
+/// Deserializes a `serde_json` object from slice with the recursion limit disabled.
+/// Must be used for all JSON I/O to avoid crashes due to the aforementioned limit.
+pub fn deserialize_from_slice<O>(input: &[u8]) -> anyhow::Result<O>
+where
+    O: serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    let mut deserializer = serde_json::Deserializer::from_slice(input);
+    deserializer.disable_recursion_limit();
+    let deserializer = serde_stacker::Deserializer::new(&mut deserializer);
+    let result = O::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Deserializes a `serde_json` object from string with the recursion limit disabled.
+/// Must be used for all JSON I/O to avoid crashes due to the aforementioned limit.
+pub fn deserialize_from_str<O>(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<O>
+where
+    O: serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    let mut deserializer = serde_json::Deserializer::from_str(input);
+    deserializer.disable_recursion_limit();
+    let deserializer = serde_stacker::Deserializer::new(&mut deserializer);
+    let result = O::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+    Ok(result)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-differential"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+hex = { workspace = true }
+tempfile = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+alloy-primitives = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
+alloy-genesis = { workspace = true }
+alloy-serde = { workspace = true }
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+    "config": {
+        "chainId": 420420420,
+        "homesteadBlock": 0,
+        "eip150Block": 0,
+        "eip155Block": 0,
+        "eip158Block": 0,
+        "byzantiumBlock": 0,
+        "constantinopleBlock": 0,
+        "petersburgBlock": 0,
+        "istanbulBlock": 0,
+        "berlinBlock": 0,
+        "londonBlock": 0,
+        "arrowGlacierBlock": 0,
+        "grayGlacierBlock": 0,
+        "shanghaiTime": 0,
+        "cancunTime": 0,
+        "terminalTotalDifficulty": 0,
+        "terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true
+    },
+    "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "difficulty": "0x20000",
+    "extraData": "",
+    "gasLimit": "0xffffffff",
+    "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
+    "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "timestamp": "0x00",
+    "alloc": {
+        "0101010101010101010101010101010101010101": {
+            "balance": "1000000000"
+        },
+        "0202020202020202020202020202020202020202": {
+            "balance": "1000000000"
+        },
+        "0303030303030303030303030303030303030303": {
+            "balance": "1000000000"
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Parse a go formatted duration.
+///
+/// Sources:
+/// - https://crates.io/crates/go-parse-duration (fixed an utf8 bug)
+/// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/time/format.go
+pub fn parse_go_duration(value: &str) -> Result<Duration, String> {
+    parse_duration(value).map(|ns| Duration::from_nanos(ns.unsigned_abs()))
+}
+
+fn parse_duration(string: &str) -> Result<i64, String> {
+    // [-+]?([0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?[a-z]+)+
+    let mut s = string;
+    let mut d: i64 = 0; // duration to be returned
+    let mut neg = false;
+
+    // Consume [-+]?
+    if !s.is_empty() {
+        let c = *s.as_bytes().first().unwrap();
+        if c == b'-' || c == b'+' {
+            neg = c == b'-';
+            s = &s[1..];
+        }
+    }
+    // Special case: if all that is left is "0", this is zero.
+    if s == "0" {
+        return Ok(0);
+    }
+    if s.is_empty() {
+        return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
+    }
+    while !s.is_empty() {
+        // integers before, after decimal point
+        let mut v: i64;
+        let mut f: i64 = 0;
+        // value = v + f / scale
+        let mut scale: f64 = 1f64;
+
+        // The next character must be [0-9.]
+        let c = *s.as_bytes().first().unwrap();
+        if !(c == b'.' || c.is_ascii_digit()) {
+            return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
+        }
+        // Consume [0-9]*
+        let pl = s.len();
+        match leading_int(s) {
+            Ok((_v, _s)) => {
+                v = _v;
+                s = _s;
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
+            }
+        }
+        let pre = pl != s.len(); // whether we consume anything before a period
+
+        // Consume (\.[0-9]*)?
+        let mut post = false;
+        if !s.is_empty() && *s.as_bytes().first().unwrap() == b'.' {
+            s = &s[1..];
+            let pl = s.len();
+            let (f_, scale_, s_) = leading_fraction(s);
+            {
+                f = f_;
+                scale = scale_;
+                s = s_;
+            }
+            post = pl != s.len();
+        }
+        if !pre && !post {
+            // no digits (e.g. ".s" or "-.s")
+            return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
+        }
+
+        // Consume unit.
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < s.len() {
+            let c = *s.as_bytes().get(i).unwrap();
+            if c == b'.' || c.is_ascii_digit() {
+                break;
+            }
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        if i == 0 {
+            return Err(format!("missing unit in duration: {string}"));
+        }
+        let u = &s[..i];
+        s = &s[i..];
+        let unit = match u {
+            "ns" => 1i64,
+            "us" => 1000i64,
+            "µs" => 1000i64, // U+00B5 = micro symbol
+            "μs" => 1000i64, // U+03BC = Greek letter mu
+            "ms" => 1000000i64,
+            "s" => 1000000000i64,
+            "m" => 60000000000i64,
+            "h" => 3600000000000i64,
+            _ => {
+                return Err(format!("unknown unit {u} in duration {string}"));
+            }
+        };
+        if v > (1 << (63 - 1)) / unit {
+            // overflow
+            return Err(format!("invalid duration {string}"));
+        }
+        v *= unit;
+        if f > 0 {
+            // f64 is needed to be nanosecond accurate for fractions of hours.
+            // v >= 0 && (f*unit/scale) <= 3.6e+12 (ns/h, h is the largest unit)
+            v += (f as f64 * (unit as f64 / scale)) as i64;
+            if v < 0 {
+                // overflow
+                return Err(format!("invalid duration {string}"));
+            }
+        }
+        d += v;
+        if d < 0 {
+            // overflow
+            return Err(format!("invalid duration {string}"));
+        }
+    }
+    if neg {
+        d = -d;
+    }
+    Ok(d)
+}
+
+fn leading_int(s: &str) -> Result<(i64, &str), String> {
+    let mut x = 0;
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < s.len() {
+        let c = s.chars().nth(i).unwrap();
+        if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
+            break;
+        }
+        if x > (1 << (63 - 1)) / 10 {
+            return Err("overflow".into());
+        }
+        let d = i64::from(c.to_digit(10).unwrap());
+        x = x * 10 + d;
+        if x < 0 {
+            // overflow
+            return Err("overflow".into());
+        }
+        i += 1;
+    }
+    Ok((x, &s[i..]))
+}
+
+fn leading_fraction(s: &str) -> (i64, f64, &str) {
+    let mut i = 0;
+    let mut x = 0i64;
+    let mut scale = 1f64;
+    let mut overflow = false;
+    while i < s.len() {
+        let c = s.chars().nth(i).unwrap();
+        if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
+            break;
+        }
+        if overflow {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if x > (1 << (63 - 1)) / 10 {
+            // It's possible for overflow to give a positive number, so take care.
+            overflow = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        let d = i64::from(c.to_digit(10).unwrap());
+        let y = x * 10 + d;
+        if y < 0 {
+            overflow = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+        x = y;
+        scale *= 10f64;
+        i += 1;
+    }
+    (x, scale, &s[i..])
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::parse_duration;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_duration() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("8.731µs"), Ok(8731));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("50ns"), Ok(50));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("3ms"), Ok(3000000));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("2us"), Ok(2000));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("4.0s"), Ok(4000000000));
+        assert_eq!(parse_duration("1h45m"), Ok(6300000000000));
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_duration("1"),
+            Err(String::from("missing unit in duration: 1")),
+        );
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+use core::str;
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    io::Write,
+    path::PathBuf,
+    process::{Command, Stdio},
+    str::FromStr,
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+use alloy_genesis::{Genesis, GenesisAccount};
+use alloy_primitives::{hex::ToHexExt, Address, Bytes, B256, U256};
+use alloy_serde::storage::deserialize_storage_map;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_json::{Deserializer, Value};
+use tempfile::{NamedTempFile, TempPath};
+
+pub use self::go_duration::parse_go_duration;
+
+mod go_duration;
+
+const GENESIS_JSON: &str = include_str!("../genesis.json");
+const EXECUTABLE_NAME: &str = "evm";
+const EXECUTABLE_ARGS: [&str; 8] = [
+    "--log.format=json",
+    "run",
+    "--dump",
+    "--nomemory=false",
+    "--noreturndata=false",
+    "--json",
+    "--codefile",
+    "-",
+];
+const EXECUTABLE_ARGS_BENCH: [&str; 6] = [
+    "run",
+    "--bench",
+    "--nomemory=false",
+    "--noreturndata=false",
+    "--codefile",
+    "-",
+];
+const GAS_USED_MARKER: &str = "EVM gas used:";
+const REVERT_MARKER: &str = " error: ";
+
+/// The geth EVM state dump structure
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct StateDump {
+    pub root: Bytes,
+    pub accounts: BTreeMap<Address, Account>,
+}
+
+impl From<StateDump> for Genesis {
+    fn from(value: StateDump) -> Self {
+        let mut genesis: Genesis = serde_json::from_str(GENESIS_JSON).unwrap();
+        genesis.alloc = value
+            .accounts
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(address, account)| (*address, account.clone().into()))
+            .collect();
+        genesis
+    }
+}
+
+/// The geth EVM state dump account structure
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Account {
+    pub balance: U256,
+    pub nonce: u64,
+    pub code: Option<Bytes>,
+    #[serde(
+        default,
+        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none",
+        deserialize_with = "deserialize_storage_map"
+    )]
+    pub storage: Option<BTreeMap<B256, B256>>,
+    pub key: Option<B256>,
+}
+
+impl From<Account> for GenesisAccount {
+    fn from(value: Account) -> Self {
+        GenesisAccount {
+            balance: value.balance,
+            nonce: Some(value.nonce),
+            code: value.code,
+            storage: value.storage,
+            private_key: value.key,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Contains the output from geth `emv` invocations
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct EvmOutput {
+    pub output: Bytes,
+    #[serde(rename = "gasUsed")]
+    pub gas_used: U256,
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl EvmOutput {
+    /// Return if there was no error found.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the gas used is zero as this indicates nothing was run.
+    pub fn run_success(&self) -> bool {
+        assert_ne!(self.gas_used, U256::ZERO, "nothing was executed: {self:?}");
+        self.error.is_none()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Contains the full log from geth `emv` invocations
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct EvmLog {
+    pub account_deployed: Option<Address>,
+    pub output: EvmOutput,
+    pub state_dump: StateDump,
+    pub stderr: String,
+}
+
+impl EvmLog {
+    pub const EXECUTION_TIME_MARKER: &'static str = "execution time:";
+
+    /// Parse the reported execution time from stderr (requires --bench)
+    pub fn execution_time(&self) -> Result<Duration, String> {
+        for line in self.stderr.lines() {
+            if let Some(value) = line.split("execution time:").nth(1) {
+                return parse_go_duration(value.trim());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(format!(
+            "execution time marker '{}' not found in raw EVM log",
+            Self::EXECUTION_TIME_MARKER
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn parse_gas_used_from_bench(&mut self) {
+        for line in self.stderr.lines() {
+            if let Some(gas_line) = line.split(GAS_USED_MARKER).nth(1) {
+                let gas_used = gas_line.trim().parse::<u64>().unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+                    panic!("invalid output '{gas_line}' for gas used: {error}")
+                });
+                self.output.gas_used = U256::from(gas_used);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for EvmLog {
+    fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
+        let mut output = None;
+        let mut state_dump = None;
+        for value in Deserializer::from_str(value).into_iter::<Value>() {
+            let Ok(value) = value else { continue };
+            if let Ok(value @ EvmOutput { .. }) = serde_json::from_value(value.clone()) {
+                output = Some(value);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if let Ok(value @ StateDump { .. }) = serde_json::from_value(value) {
+                state_dump = Some(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let (Some(output), Some(state_dump)) = (output, state_dump) {
+            return Self {
+                account_deployed: None,
+                output,
+                state_dump,
+                stderr: value.into(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        EvmLog {
+            account_deployed: None,
+            output: EvmOutput {
+                error: value.find(REVERT_MARKER).map(|_| REVERT_MARKER.to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            state_dump: Default::default(),
+            stderr: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Builder for running contracts in geth `evm`
+pub struct Evm {
+    genesis_json: Option<String>,
+    genesis_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    code: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    input: Option<Bytes>,
+    receiver: Option<String>,
+    sender: String,
+    value: Option<u128>,
+    gas: Option<u64>,
+    create: bool,
+    bench: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for Evm {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            genesis_json: Some(GENESIS_JSON.to_string()),
+            genesis_path: None,
+            code: None,
+            input: None,
+            receiver: None,
+            sender: Address::default().encode_hex(),
+            value: None,
+            gas: None,
+            create: false,
+            bench: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Evm {
+    /// Create a new EVM with the given `genesis`
+    pub fn from_genesis(genesis: Genesis) -> Self {
+        Self::default().genesis_json(genesis)
+    }
+
+    /// Run the `code`
+    pub fn code_blob(self, blob: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            code: Some(blob),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the calldata
+    pub fn input(self, bytes: Bytes) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            input: (!bytes.is_empty()).then_some(bytes),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the create flag
+    pub fn deploy(self, enable: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            create: enable,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the transferred value
+    pub fn value(self, value: u128) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value: Some(value),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the gas limit
+    pub fn gas(self, limit: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            gas: Some(limit),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Provide the prestate genesis configuration
+    pub fn genesis_json(self, genesis: Genesis) -> Self {
+        let genesis_json = serde_json::to_string(&genesis).expect("state dump should be valid");
+        // TODO: Investigate
+        let genesis_json = genesis_json.replace("\"0x0\"", "0").into();
+
+        Self {
+            genesis_json,
+            genesis_path: None,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Provide a path to the genesis file to be used
+    pub fn genesis_path(self, path: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            genesis_path: Some(path),
+            genesis_json: None,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the callee address
+    pub fn receiver(self, address: Address) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            receiver: Some(address.encode_hex()),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the caller address
+    pub fn sender(self, address: Address) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sender: address.encode_hex(),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run as a benchmark
+    pub fn bench(self, flag: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bench: flag,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Calculate the address of the contract account this deploy call would create
+    pub fn expect_account_created(&self) -> Address {
+        assert!(self.create, "expected a deploy call");
+        let sender = Address::from_str(&self.sender).expect("sender address should be valid");
+        let genesis: Genesis = match (self.genesis_json.as_ref(), self.genesis_path.as_ref()) {
+            (Some(json), None) => serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap(),
+            (None, Some(path)) => {
+                serde_json::from_str(&std::fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap()).unwrap()
+            }
+            _ => panic!("provided a genesis json and a genesis json path"),
+        };
+        let nonce = genesis
+            .alloc
+            .get(&sender)
+            .map(|account| account.nonce.unwrap_or(0))
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        sender.create(nonce)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the path to the genesis file;
+    /// writes the genesis file into a tmpdir if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// `TempPath`` will delete on drop, so need to keep it around
+    fn write_genesis_file(&self, temp_path: &mut Option<TempPath>) -> String {
+        match (self.genesis_json.as_ref(), self.genesis_path.as_ref()) {
+            (Some(json), None) => {
+                let mut temp_file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+                temp_file.write_all(json.as_bytes()).unwrap();
+                let path = temp_file.into_temp_path();
+                *temp_path = Some(path);
+                temp_path.as_ref().unwrap().display().to_string()
+            }
+            (None, Some(path)) => path.display().to_string(),
+            _ => panic!("provided a genesis json and a genesis json path"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run the call in a geth `evm` subprocess.
+    ///
+    /// Definitively not a hairy plumbing function.
+    pub fn run(self) -> EvmLog {
+        let mut temp_path = None;
+        let genesis_json_path = &self.write_genesis_file(&mut temp_path);
+
+        // Static args
+        let mut command = Command::new(PathBuf::from(EXECUTABLE_NAME));
+        command
+            .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped());
+        if self.bench {
+            command.args(EXECUTABLE_ARGS_BENCH);
+        } else {
+            command.args(EXECUTABLE_ARGS);
+        };
+
+        // Dynamic args
+        command.args(["--prestate", genesis_json_path]);
+        command.args(["--sender", &self.sender]);
+        if let Some(input) = &self.input {
+            command.args(["--input", hex::encode(input).as_str()]);
+        }
+        let account_deployed = if self.create {
+            command.arg("--create");
+            self.expect_account_created().into()
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        match (&self.code, &self.receiver) {
+            (Some(_), None) => {}
+            (None, Some(address)) => {
+                command.args(["--receiver", address]);
+            }
+            (Some(_), Some(_)) => panic!("code and receiver specified"),
+            _ => panic!("no code file or receiver specified"),
+        }
+        if let Some(gas) = self.gas {
+            command.args(["--gas", &format!("{gas}")]);
+        }
+        if let Some(value) = self.value {
+            command.args(["--value", &format!("{value}")]);
+        }
+
+        // Run the evm subprocess and assert success return value
+        let process = command.spawn().unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+            panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} subprocess spawning error: {error:?}")
+        });
+        let buf = vec![];
+        process
+            .stdin
+            .as_ref()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stdin getting error"))
+            .write_all(self.code.as_ref().unwrap_or(&buf))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stdin writing error: {err:?}"));
+
+        let output = process
+            .wait_with_output()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} subprocess output error: {err}"));
+        assert!(
+            output.status.success(),
+            "{EXECUTABLE_NAME} command failed: {output:?}",
+        );
+        drop(temp_path);
+
+        let stdout = str::from_utf8(output.stdout.as_slice())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stdout failed to parse: {err}"));
+        let stderr = str::from_utf8(output.stderr.as_slice())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stderr failed to parse: {err}"));
+
+        let mut log: EvmLog = stdout.into();
+        log.stderr = stderr.into();
+        if self.bench {
+            log.parse_gas_used_from_bench();
+        }
+
+        // Set the deployed account
+        log.account_deployed = account_deployed;
+        log
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{str::FromStr, time::Duration};
+
+    use alloy_genesis::Genesis;
+    use alloy_primitives::{Bytes, B256, U256};
+
+    use crate::{Evm, EvmLog, EvmOutput, StateDump};
+
+    const OUTPUT_JSON_OK: &str = r#"{"output":"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","gasUsed":"0x11d"}"#;
+    const OUTPUT_JSON_REVERTED: &str =
+        r#"{"output":"","gasUsed":"0x2d","error":"execution reverted"}"#;
+    const STATE_DUMP: &str = r#"
+{
+    "root": "eb5d51177cb9049b848ea92f87f9a3f00abfb683d0866c2eddecc5692ad27f86",
+    "accounts": {
+        "0x1f2a98889594024BFfdA3311CbE69728d392C06D": {
+            "balance": "0",
+            "nonce": 1,
+            "root": "0x63cfcda8d81a8b1840b1b9722c37f929a4037e53ad1ce6abdef31c0c8bac1f61",
+            "codeHash": "0xa6e0062c5ba829446695f179b97702a75f7d354e33445d2e928ed00e1a39e88f",
+            "code": "0x608060405260043610610028575f3560e01c80633fa4f2451461002c578063b144adfb1461004a575b5f80fd5b610034610086565b60405161004191906100c5565b60405180910390f35b348015610055575f80fd5b50610070600480360381019061006b919061013c565b61008d565b60405161007d91906100c5565b60405180910390f35b5f34905090565b5f8173ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16319050919050565b5f819050919050565b6100bf816100ad565b82525050565b5f6020820190506100d85f8301846100b6565b92915050565b5f80fd5b5f73ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff82169050919050565b5f61010b826100e2565b9050919050565b61011b81610101565b8114610125575f80fd5b50565b5f8135905061013681610112565b92915050565b5f60208284031215610151576101506100de565b5b5f61015e84828501610128565b9150509291505056fea2646970667358221220a2109c2f05a629fff4640e9f0cf12a698bbea9b0858a4029901e88bf5d1c926964736f6c63430008190033",
+            "storage": {
+                "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000": "02"
+            },
+            "address": "0x1f2a98889594024bffda3311cbe69728d392c06d",
+            "key": "0xcbeeb4463624bc2f332dcfe2b479eddb1c380ec862ee63d9f31b31b854fb7c61"
+        }
+    }
+}"#;
+    const EVM_BIN_FIXTURE: &str = "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";
+    const EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE: &str = "6080604052348015600e575f80fd5b50600436106026575f3560e01c8063cde4efa914602a575b5f80fd5b60306032565b005b5f8054906101000a900460ff16155f806101000a81548160ff02191690831515021790555056fea264697066735822122046c92dd2fd612b1ed93d184dad4c49f61c44690722c4a6c7c746ebeb0aadeb4a64736f6c63430008190033";
+    const EVM_BIN_FIXTURE_INPUT: &str =
+        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001";
+    const EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT: &str = "cde4efa9";
+    const STDERR_BENCH_OK: &str = r#"EVM gas used:    560071
+execution time:  1.460881ms
+allocations:     29
+allocated bytes: 2558
+"#;
+    const STDERR_BENCH_REVERT: &str = r#"EVM gas used:    69
+execution time:  10.11µs
+allocations:     43
+allocated bytes: 3711"#;
+    const STDOUT_BENCH_REVERT: &str = r#" error: execution reverted"#;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_evm_output_ok() {
+        serde_json::from_str::<EvmOutput>(OUTPUT_JSON_OK).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_evm_output_revert() {
+        serde_json::from_str::<EvmOutput>(OUTPUT_JSON_REVERTED).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_evm_output_bench_ok() {
+        let mut log = EvmLog::from("");
+        log.stderr = STDERR_BENCH_OK.into();
+        log.parse_gas_used_from_bench();
+        assert!(log.output.run_success());
+
+        assert_eq!(log.execution_time().unwrap(), Duration::from_nanos(1460881));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_evm_output_bench_revert() {
+        let mut log = EvmLog::from(STDOUT_BENCH_REVERT);
+        log.stderr = STDERR_BENCH_REVERT.into();
+        log.parse_gas_used_from_bench();
+        assert!(!log.output.run_success());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_state_dump() {
+        serde_json::from_str::<StateDump>(STATE_DUMP).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn evm_log_from_str() {
+        let log = format!("{OUTPUT_JSON_OK}\n{STATE_DUMP}");
+        let _ = EvmLog::from(log.as_str());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generate_genesis() {
+        let log = format!("{OUTPUT_JSON_OK}\n{STATE_DUMP}");
+        let log = EvmLog::from(log.as_str());
+        let mut genesis: Genesis = log.state_dump.into();
+        let storage = genesis
+            .alloc
+            .pop_first()
+            .expect("should have one account in genesis")
+            .1
+            .storage
+            .expect("genesis account should have storage");
+        let storage_value = storage
+            .get(&B256::ZERO)
+            .expect("genesis account should have key 0 occupied");
+        assert_eq!(*storage_value, B256::from(U256::from(2)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn flipper() {
+        let log_runtime = Evm::default()
+            .code_blob(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE.as_bytes().to_vec())
+            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
+            .run();
+        assert!(log_runtime.output.run_success());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prestate() {
+        let log_deploy = Evm::default()
+            .code_blob(EVM_BIN_FIXTURE.as_bytes().to_vec())
+            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
+            .deploy(true)
+            .run();
+        assert!(log_deploy.output.run_success());
+
+        let address = log_deploy.account_deployed.unwrap();
+        let genesis: Genesis = log_deploy.state_dump.into();
+        let log_runtime = Evm::default()
+            .genesis_json(genesis)
+            .receiver(address)
+            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
+            .run();
+        assert!(log_runtime.output.run_success(), "{:?}", log_runtime.output);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_flipper() {
+        let log_runtime = Evm::default()
+            .code_blob(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE.as_bytes().to_vec())
+            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
+            .bench(true)
+            .run();
+        assert!(log_runtime.output.run_success());
+        assert!(log_runtime.execution_time().unwrap() > Duration::from_nanos(0));
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-integration"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "revive compiler integration test cases"
+
+[dependencies]
+polkavm = { workspace = true }
+alloy-primitives = { workspace = true }
+alloy-sol-types = { workspace = true }
+hex = { workspace = true }
+env_logger = { workspace = true }
+log = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+
+revive-solidity = { workspace = true }
+revive-differential = { workspace = true }
+revive-llvm-context = { workspace = true }
+revive-common = { workspace = true }
+revive-runner = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+sha1 = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+rayon = { workspace = true }
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "Baseline": 967,
+  "Computation": 4022,
+  "DivisionArithmetics": 31787,
+  "ERC20": 44233,
+  "Events": 1743,
+  "FibonacciIterative": 2927,
+  "Flipper": 3408,
+  "SHA1": 26009
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+/* runner.json
+
+{
+  "actions": [
+    {
+      "Instantiate": {
+        "origin": "Alice",
+        "value": 0
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+*/
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+contract Baseline {
+    function baseline() public payable {}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Bitwise"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "3fa4f245"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Bitwise {
+    function opByte(uint i, uint x) public payable returns (uint ret) {
+        assembly {
+            ret := byte(i, x)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Block"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "8381f58a"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b80777ea"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Block {
+    function timestamp() public view returns (uint ret) {
+        ret = block.timestamp;
+    }
+
+    function number() public view returns (uint ret) {
+        if (block.number == 0) {
+            ret = 1;
+        } else {
+            ret = block.number;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Upload": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Callee"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Caller"
+                    }
+                },
+                "value": 123
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "5a6535fc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004cafebabe00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Callee {
+    function echo(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
+        return payload;
+    }
+
+    receive() external payable {}
+}
+
+contract Caller {
+    constructor() payable {
+        Callee callee = new Callee();
+        payable(address(callee)).transfer(msg.value);
+    }
+
+    function call(bytes memory payload) public returns (bytes memory) {
+        Callee callee = new Callee();
+        return callee.echo(payload);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "actions": [
+    {
+      "Instantiate": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "Call": {
+        "dest": {
+            "Instantiated": 0
+        },
+        "data": "0f760610000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+        "VerifyCall": {
+            "success": true,
+            "output": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005b"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+      "Call": {
+        "dest": {
+            "Instantiated": 0
+        },
+        "data": "00261b660000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+        "VerifyCall": {
+            "success": true,
+            "output": "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003b1"
+        }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Computation {
+    function triangle_number(int64 n) public pure returns (int64 sum) {
+        unchecked {
+            for (int64 x = 1; x <= n; x++) {
+                sum += x;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function odd_product(int32 n) public pure returns (int64) {
+        unchecked {
+            int64 prod = 1;
+            for (int32 x = 1; x <= n; x++) {
+                prod *= 2 * int64(x) - 1;
+            }
+            return prod;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Context"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "846a1ee1"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "fc9c8d39"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "3af973b1"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Context {
+    function address_this() public view returns (address ret) {
+        ret = address(this);
+    }
+
+    function caller() public view returns (address ret) {
+        ret = msg.sender;
+    }
+
+    function chain_id() public view returns (uint) {
+        uint256 id;
+        assembly {
+            id := chainid()
+        }
+        return id;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Upload": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "CreateA"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "CreateB"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "value": 10000
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract CreateA {
+    constructor() payable {}
+}
+
+contract CreateB {
+    receive() external payable {
+        new CreateA{value: msg.value}();
+    }
+
+    fallback() external {
+        new CreateA{salt: hex"01"}();
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+  "differential": true,
+  "actions": [
+    {
+      "Instantiate": {
+        "code": {
+          "Solidity": {
+            "contract": "TestSha3"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "Call": {
+        "dest": {
+          "Instantiated": 0
+        },
+        "data": "f9fbd5540000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c68656c6c6f20776f726c64210000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract TestSha3 {
+    function test(string memory _pre) external payable returns (bytes32) {
+        bytes32 hash = keccak256(bytes(_pre));
+        return bytes32(uint(hash) + 1);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+contract DivisionArithmetics {
+    function div(uint n, uint d) public pure returns (uint q) {
+        assembly {
+            q := div(n, d)
+        }
+    }
+
+    function sdiv(int n, int d) public pure returns (int q) {
+        assembly {
+            q := sdiv(n, d)
+        }
+    }
+
+    function mod(uint n, uint d) public pure returns (uint r) {
+        assembly {
+            r := mod(n, d)
+        }
+    }
+
+    function smod(int n, int d) public pure returns (int r) {
+        assembly {
+            r := smod(n, d)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Upload": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "ERC20"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "ERC20Tester"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+// https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.0.0/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol
+interface IERC20 {
+    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
+
+    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint);
+
+    function transfer(address recipient, uint amount) external returns (bool);
+
+    function allowance(
+        address owner,
+        address spender
+    ) external view returns (uint);
+
+    function approve(address spender, uint amount) external returns (bool);
+
+    function transferFrom(
+        address sender,
+        address recipient,
+        uint amount
+    ) external returns (bool);
+
+    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
+    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
+}
+
+contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
+    uint public totalSupply;
+    mapping(address => uint) public balanceOf;
+    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint)) public allowance;
+    string public name = "Solidity by Example";
+    string public symbol = "SOLBYEX";
+    uint8 public decimals = 18;
+
+    function transfer(address recipient, uint amount) external returns (bool) {
+        balanceOf[msg.sender] -= amount;
+        balanceOf[recipient] += amount;
+        emit Transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function approve(address spender, uint amount) external returns (bool) {
+        allowance[msg.sender][spender] = amount;
+        emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, amount);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function transferFrom(
+        address sender,
+        address recipient,
+        uint amount
+    ) external returns (bool) {
+        allowance[sender][msg.sender] -= amount;
+        balanceOf[sender] -= amount;
+        balanceOf[recipient] += amount;
+        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function mint(uint amount) external {
+        balanceOf[msg.sender] += amount;
+        totalSupply += amount;
+        emit Transfer(address(0), msg.sender, amount);
+    }
+
+    function burn(uint amount) external {
+        balanceOf[msg.sender] -= amount;
+        totalSupply -= amount;
+        emit Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), amount);
+    }
+}
+
+contract ERC20Tester {
+    constructor() {
+        address BOB = address(0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
+        ERC20 token = new ERC20();
+        assert(token.decimals() == 18);
+
+        token.mint(300);
+        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 300);
+        token.transfer(BOB, 100);
+        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 200);
+        assert(token.balanceOf(BOB) == 100);
+
+        token.approve(address(this), 100);
+
+        token.transferFrom(address(this), BOB, 100);
+        assert(token.balanceOf(BOB) == 200);
+        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 100);
+
+        token.burn(100);
+        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 0);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Events"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "4d43bec90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "4d43bec9000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007b"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Events {
+    event A() anonymous;
+    event E(uint, uint indexed, uint indexed, uint indexed);
+
+    function emitEvent(uint topics) public {
+        if (topics == 0) {
+            emit A();
+        } else {
+            emit E(topics, 1, 2, 3);
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+contract ExtCode {
+    function ExtCodeSize(address who) public view returns (uint ret) {
+        assembly {
+            ret := extcodesize(who)
+        }
+    }
+
+    function CodeSize() public pure returns (uint ret) {
+        assembly {
+            ret := codesize()
+        }
+    }
+
+    function ExtCodeHash(address who) public view returns (bytes32 ret) {
+        assembly {
+            ret := extcodehash(who)
+        }
+    }
+
+    function CodeHash() public view returns (bytes32 ret) {
+        assembly {
+            ret := extcodehash(address())
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "actions": [
+    {
+      "Instantiate": {}
+    },
+    {
+      "Call": {
+        "dest": {
+            "Instantiated": 0
+        },
+        "data": "6b83dd2e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+        "VerifyCall": {
+            "success": true,
+            "output": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008"
+        }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract FibonacciRecursive {
+    function f(uint n) internal pure returns (uint) {
+        if (n <= 1) {
+            return n;
+        } else {
+            return f(n - 1) + f(n - 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function fib3(uint n) public pure returns (uint) {
+        return f(n);
+    }
+}
+
+contract FibonacciIterative {
+    function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint b) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        uint a = 1;
+        b = 1;
+        for (uint i = 2; i < n; i++) {
+            unchecked {
+                uint c = a + b;
+                a = b;
+                b = c;
+            }
+        }
+        return b;
+    }
+}
+
+// https://medium.com/coinmonks/fibonacci-in-solidity-8477d907e22a
+contract FibonacciBinet {
+    function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint a) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        uint h = n / 2;
+        uint mask = 1;
+        // find highest set bit in n
+        while (mask <= h) {
+            mask <<= 1;
+        }
+        mask >>= 1;
+        a = 1;
+        uint b = 1;
+        uint c;
+        while (mask > 0) {
+            c = a * a + b * b;
+            if (n & mask > 0) {
+                b = b * (b + 2 * a);
+                a = c;
+            } else {
+                a = a * (2 * b - a);
+                b = c;
+            }
+            mask >>= 1;
+        }
+        return a;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+  "differential": true,
+  "actions": [
+    {
+      "Upload": {
+        "code": {
+          "Solidity": {
+            "contract": "ImmutablesTester"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "Instantiate": {
+        "code": {
+          "Solidity": {
+            "contract": "Immutables"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "Call": {
+        "dest": {
+          "Instantiated": 0
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract ImmutablesTester {
+    // Read should work in the runtime code
+    uint public immutable foo;
+    // Read should work in the runtime code
+    uint public immutable bar;
+    // Read should work in the runtime code
+    uint public immutable zoo;
+
+    // Assign and read should work in the constructor
+    constructor(uint _foo) payable {
+        foo = _foo;
+        bar = foo + 1;
+        zoo = bar + 2;
+
+        assert(zoo == _foo + 3);
+    }
+}
+
+contract Immutables {
+    fallback() external {
+        ImmutablesTester tester = new ImmutablesTester(127);
+
+        assert(tester.foo() == 127);
+        assert(tester.bar() == tester.foo() + 1);
+        assert(tester.zoo() == tester.bar() + 2);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "MCopy"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "0ee188b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000030102030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract MCopy {
+    function memcpy(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
+        return payload;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+    {
+        "Instantiate": {
+            "code": {
+                "Solidity": {
+                    "contract": "MSize",
+                    "solc_optimizer": false
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "Call": {
+            "dest": {
+                "Instantiated": 0
+            },
+            "data": "f016832c"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "Call": {
+            "dest": {
+                "Instantiated": 0
+            },
+            "data": "f4a63aa5"
+        }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract MSize {
+    uint[] public data;
+
+    function mSize() public pure returns (uint size) {
+        assembly {
+            size := msize()
+        }
+    }
+
+    function mStore100() public pure returns (uint size) {
+        assembly {
+            mstore(100, msize())
+            size := msize()
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "MStore8"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad42100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ff"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000102"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad42100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000075bcd15"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "b09ad421ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract MStore8 {
+    function mStore8(uint value) public pure returns (uint256 word) {
+        assembly {
+            mstore8(0x80, value)
+            word := mload(0x80)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Upload": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Callee"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "ReturnDataOob"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Callee {
+    function echo(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
+        return payload;
+    }
+}
+
+contract ReturnDataOob {
+    fallback() external {
+        new Callee().echo(hex"1234");
+        assembly {
+            let pos := mload(64)
+            let size := add(returndatasize(), 1)
+            returndatacopy(pos, 0, size)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+pragma solidity ^0.8.4;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "SHA1"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "1605782b00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract SHA1 {
+    function sha1(bytes memory data) public pure returns (bytes20 ret) {
+        assembly {
+            // Get a safe scratch location
+            let scratch := mload(0x40)
+
+            // Get the data length, and point data at the first byte
+            let len := mload(data)
+            data := add(data, 32)
+
+            // Find the length after padding
+            let totallen := add(and(add(len, 1), 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC0), 64)
+            switch lt(sub(totallen, len), 9)
+            case 1 {
+                totallen := add(totallen, 64)
+            }
+
+            let h := 0x6745230100EFCDAB890098BADCFE001032547600C3D2E1F0
+
+            function readword(ptr, off, count) -> result {
+                result := 0
+                if lt(off, count) {
+                    result := mload(add(ptr, off))
+                    count := sub(count, off)
+                    if lt(count, 32) {
+                        let mask := not(sub(exp(256, sub(32, count)), 1))
+                        result := and(result, mask)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            for {
+                let i := 0
+            } lt(i, totallen) {
+                i := add(i, 64)
+            } {
+                mstore(scratch, readword(data, i, len))
+                mstore(add(scratch, 32), readword(data, add(i, 32), len))
+
+                // If we loaded the last byte, store the terminator byte
+                switch lt(sub(len, i), 64)
+                case 1 {
+                    mstore8(add(scratch, sub(len, i)), 0x80)
+                }
+
+                // If this is the last block, store the length
+                switch eq(i, sub(totallen, 64))
+                case 1 {
+                    mstore(
+                        add(scratch, 32),
+                        or(mload(add(scratch, 32)), mul(len, 8))
+                    )
+                }
+
+                // Expand the 16 32-bit words into 80
+                for {
+                    let j := 64
+                } lt(j, 128) {
+                    j := add(j, 12)
+                } {
+                    let temp := xor(
+                        xor(
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 12))),
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 32)))
+                        ),
+                        xor(
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 56))),
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 64)))
+                        )
+                    )
+                    temp := or(
+                        and(
+                            mul(temp, 2),
+                            0xFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFE
+                        ),
+                        and(
+                            div(temp, 0x80000000),
+                            0x0000000100000001000000010000000100000001000000010000000100000001
+                        )
+                    )
+                    mstore(add(scratch, j), temp)
+                }
+                for {
+                    let j := 128
+                } lt(j, 320) {
+                    j := add(j, 24)
+                } {
+                    let temp := xor(
+                        xor(
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 24))),
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 64)))
+                        ),
+                        xor(
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 112))),
+                            mload(add(scratch, sub(j, 128)))
+                        )
+                    )
+                    temp := or(
+                        and(
+                            mul(temp, 4),
+                            0xFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFC
+                        ),
+                        and(
+                            div(temp, 0x40000000),
+                            0x0000000300000003000000030000000300000003000000030000000300000003
+                        )
+                    )
+                    mstore(add(scratch, j), temp)
+                }
+
+                let x := h
+                let f := 0
+                let k := 0
+                for {
+                    let j := 0
+                } lt(j, 80) {
+                    j := add(j, 1)
+                } {
+                    switch div(j, 20)
+                    case 0 {
+                        // f = d xor (b and (c xor d))
+                        f := xor(
+                            div(x, 0x100000000000000000000),
+                            div(x, 0x10000000000)
+                        )
+                        f := and(div(x, 0x1000000000000000000000000000000), f)
+                        f := xor(div(x, 0x10000000000), f)
+                        k := 0x5A827999
+                    }
+                    case 1 {
+                        // f = b xor c xor d
+                        f := xor(
+                            div(x, 0x1000000000000000000000000000000),
+                            div(x, 0x100000000000000000000)
+                        )
+                        f := xor(div(x, 0x10000000000), f)
+                        k := 0x6ED9EBA1
+                    }
+                    case 2 {
+                        // f = (b and c) or (d and (b or c))
+                        f := or(
+                            div(x, 0x1000000000000000000000000000000),
+                            div(x, 0x100000000000000000000)
+                        )
+                        f := and(div(x, 0x10000000000), f)
+                        f := or(
+                            and(
+                                div(x, 0x1000000000000000000000000000000),
+                                div(x, 0x100000000000000000000)
+                            ),
+                            f
+                        )
+                        k := 0x8F1BBCDC
+                    }
+                    case 3 {
+                        // f = b xor c xor d
+                        f := xor(
+                            div(x, 0x1000000000000000000000000000000),
+                            div(x, 0x100000000000000000000)
+                        )
+                        f := xor(div(x, 0x10000000000), f)
+                        k := 0xCA62C1D6
+                    }
+                    // temp = (a leftrotate 5) + f + e + k + w[i]
+                    let temp := and(
+                        div(
+                            x,
+                            0x80000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+                        ),
+                        0x1F
+                    )
+                    temp := or(
+                        and(
+                            div(x, 0x800000000000000000000000000000000000000),
+                            0xFFFFFFE0
+                        ),
+                        temp
+                    )
+                    temp := add(f, temp)
+                    temp := add(and(x, 0xFFFFFFFF), temp)
+                    temp := add(k, temp)
+                    temp := add(
+                        div(
+                            mload(add(scratch, mul(j, 4))),
+                            0x100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+                        ),
+                        temp
+                    )
+                    x := or(
+                        div(x, 0x10000000000),
+                        mul(temp, 0x10000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
+                    )
+                    x := or(
+                        and(
+                            x,
+                            0xFFFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF000000000000FFFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF
+                        ),
+                        mul(
+                            or(
+                                and(div(x, 0x4000000000000), 0xC0000000),
+                                and(div(x, 0x400000000000000000000), 0x3FFFFFFF)
+                            ),
+                            0x100000000000000000000
+                        )
+                    )
+                }
+
+                h := and(
+                    add(h, x),
+                    0xFFFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF
+                )
+            }
+            ret := mul(
+                or(
+                    or(
+                        or(
+                            or(
+                                and(
+                                    div(h, 0x100000000),
+                                    0xFFFFFFFF00000000000000000000000000000000
+                                ),
+                                and(
+                                    div(h, 0x1000000),
+                                    0xFFFFFFFF000000000000000000000000
+                                )
+                            ),
+                            and(div(h, 0x10000), 0xFFFFFFFF0000000000000000)
+                        ),
+                        and(div(h, 0x100), 0xFFFFFFFF00000000)
+                    ),
+                    and(h, 0xFFFFFFFF)
+                ),
+                0x1000000000000000000000000
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Storage"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "fabc9efaffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "558b9f9bffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Storage {
+    function transient(uint value) public returns (uint ret) {
+        assembly {
+            let slot := 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00
+            tstore(slot, value)
+            let success := call(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+            ret := tload(slot)
+        }
+    }
+
+    function persistent(uint value) public returns (uint ret) {
+        assembly {
+            let slot := 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00
+            sstore(slot, value)
+            ret := sload(slot)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Upload": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "TransactionOrigin"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "TransactionTester"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "f8a8fd6d"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract TransactionTester {
+    constructor() payable {
+        assert(tx.origin == new TransactionOrigin().test());
+    }
+
+    function test() public payable returns (address ret) {
+        ret = tx.origin;
+    }
+}
+
+contract TransactionOrigin {
+    function test() public payable returns (address ret) {
+        assert(msg.sender != tx.origin);
+
+        ret = tx.origin;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Transfer"
+                    }
+                },
+                "value": 11
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "1c8d16b30000000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "data": "fb9e8d0500000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Transfer {
+    constructor() payable {
+        transfer_self(msg.value);
+    }
+
+    function address_self() internal view returns (address payable) {
+        return payable(address(this));
+    }
+
+    function transfer_self(uint _amount) public payable {
+        transfer_to(address_self(), _amount);
+    }
+
+    function transfer_to(address payable _dest, uint _amount) public payable {
+        _dest.transfer(_amount);
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+    "differential": true,
+    "actions": [
+        {
+            "Upload": {
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "ValueTester"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Instantiate": {
+                "value": 1024,
+                "code": {
+                    "Solidity": {
+                        "contract": "Value"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "Call": {
+                "dest": {
+                    "Instantiated": 0
+                },
+                "value": 123,
+                "data": "3fa4f245"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract ValueTester {
+    constructor() payable {}
+
+    function balance_self() public view returns (uint ret) {
+        ret = address(this).balance;
+    }
+}
+
+contract Value {
+    constructor() payable {
+        ValueTester tester = new ValueTester{value: msg.value}();
+
+        // own account
+        assert(address(this).balance == 0);
+
+        // tester account
+        assert(address(tester).balance == msg.value);
+        assert(tester.balance_self() == msg.value);
+
+        // non-existant account
+        assert(address(0xdeadbeef).balance == 0);
+    }
+
+    function value() public payable returns (uint ret) {
+        ret = msg.value;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+/* runner.json
+{
+  "actions": [
+    {
+      "Instantiate": {
+        "data": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+        "VerifyStorage": {
+            "contract": {
+                "Instantiated": 0
+            },
+            "key": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+            "expected": "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+      "Call": {
+        "dest": {
+            "Instantiated": 0
+        },
+        "data": "cde4efa9"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+        "VerifyStorage": {
+            "contract": {
+                "Instantiated": 0
+            },
+            "key": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+            "expected": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+        }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+*/
+
+contract Flipper {
+    bool coin;
+
+    constructor(bool _coin) {
+        coin = _coin;
+    }
+
+    function flip() public {
+        coin = !coin;
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+use alloy_primitives::{Address, Bytes, I256, U256};
+use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall, SolConstructor};
+
+use revive_solidity::test_utils::*;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Contract {
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    pub evm_runtime: Vec<u8>,
+    pub pvm_runtime: Vec<u8>,
+    pub calldata: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+macro_rules! case {
+    // Arguments:
+    //     1. The file name, expect to live under "../contracts/"
+    //     2. The Solidity contract name
+    //     3. The derived Solidity function call name
+    //     4. The method name on [Contract]
+    //     5. Any parameters to the Solidity functions
+    ($file_name:literal, $contract_name:ident, $contract_method:ident, $method_name:ident, $( $v:ident: $t:ty ),* ) => {
+        impl Contract {
+            pub fn $method_name($($v: $t),*) -> Self {
+                let code = include_str!(concat!("../contracts/", $file_name));
+                let args = $contract_name::$contract_method::new(($($v,)*)).abi_encode();
+                let name = stringify!($contract_name);
+                Contract::build(args, name, code)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Arguments:
+    //     1. The file name, expect to live under "../contracts/"
+    //     2. The Solidity contract name
+    //     3. Raw Calldata
+    //     4. The method name on [Contract]
+    ($file_name:literal, $contract_name:literal, $calldata:expr, $method_name:ident) => {
+        impl Contract {
+            pub fn $method_name() -> Self {
+                let code = include_str!(concat!("../contracts/", $file_name));
+                Contract::build($calldata, $contract_name, code)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+case!("Create.sol", "CreateA", vec![0; 4], create_a);
+case!("Create.sol", "CreateB", vec![0; 4], create_b);
+
+sol!(contract Baseline { function baseline() public payable; });
+case!("Baseline.sol", Baseline, baselineCall, baseline,);
+
+sol!(contract Flipper {
+    constructor (bool);
+
+    function flip() public;
+});
+case!("flipper.sol", Flipper, flipCall, flipper,);
+case!("flipper.sol", Flipper, constructorCall, flipper_constructor, coin: bool);
+
+sol!(contract Computation {
+    function odd_product(int32 n) public pure returns (int64);
+    function triangle_number(int64 n) public pure returns (int64 sum);
+});
+case!("Computation.sol", Computation, odd_productCall, odd_product, n: i32);
+case!("Computation.sol", Computation, triangle_numberCall, triangle_number, n: i64);
+
+sol!(
+    contract FibonacciRecursive {
+        function fib3(uint n) public pure returns (uint);
+    }
+);
+case!("Fibonacci.sol", FibonacciRecursive, fib3Call, fib_recursive, n: U256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract FibonacciIterative {
+        function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint b);
+    }
+);
+case!("Fibonacci.sol", FibonacciIterative, fib3Call, fib_iterative, n: U256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract FibonacciBinet {
+        function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint a);
+    }
+);
+case!("Fibonacci.sol", FibonacciBinet, fib3Call, fib_binet, n: U256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract SHA1 {
+        function sha1(bytes memory data) public pure returns (bytes20 ret);
+    }
+);
+case!("SHA1.sol", SHA1, sha1Call, sha1, pre: Bytes);
+
+sol!(
+    contract ERC20 {
+        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
+
+        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint);
+
+        function transfer(address recipient, uint amount) external returns (bool);
+
+        function allowance(
+            address owner,
+            address spender
+        ) external view returns (uint);
+
+        function approve(address spender, uint amount) external returns (bool);
+
+        function transferFrom(
+            address sender,
+            address recipient,
+            uint amount
+        ) external returns (bool);
+
+        event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
+        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
+    }
+);
+case!("ERC20.sol", ERC20, totalSupplyCall, erc20,);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Block {
+        function timestamp() public view returns (uint ret);
+
+        function number() public view returns (uint ret);
+    }
+);
+case!("Block.sol", Block, numberCall, block_number,);
+case!("Block.sol", Block, timestampCall, block_timestamp,);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Context {
+        function address_this() public view returns (address);
+
+        function caller() public pure returns (address);
+    }
+);
+case!("Context.sol", Context, address_thisCall, context_address,);
+case!("Context.sol", Context, callerCall, context_caller,);
+
+sol!(
+    contract DivisionArithmetics {
+        function div(uint n, uint d) public pure returns (uint q);
+
+        function sdiv(int n, int d) public pure returns (int q);
+
+        function mod(uint n, uint d) public pure returns (uint r);
+
+        function smod(int n, int d) public pure returns (int r);
+    }
+);
+case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, divCall, division_arithmetics_div, n: U256, d: U256);
+case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, sdivCall, division_arithmetics_sdiv, n: I256, d: I256);
+case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, modCall, division_arithmetics_mod, n: U256, d: U256);
+case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, smodCall, division_arithmetics_smod, n: I256, d: I256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract MStore8 {
+        function mStore8(uint value) public pure returns (uint256 word);
+    }
+);
+case!("MStore8.sol", MStore8, mStore8Call, mstore8, value: U256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Events {
+        event A(uint) anonymous;
+        event E(uint indexed, uint indexed, uint indexed);
+
+        function emitEvent(uint topics) public;
+    }
+);
+case!("Events.sol", Events, emitEventCall, event, topics: U256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract ExtCode {
+        function ExtCodeSize(address who) public view returns (uint ret);
+
+        function CodeSize() public pure returns (uint ret);
+
+        function ExtCodeHash(address who) public view returns (bytes32 ret);
+
+        function CodeHash() public view returns (bytes32 ret);
+    }
+);
+case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, ExtCodeSizeCall, ext_code_size, address: Address);
+case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, CodeSizeCall, code_size,);
+case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, ExtCodeHashCall, ext_code_hash, address: Address);
+case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, CodeHashCall, code_hash,);
+
+sol!(
+    contract MCopy {
+        function memcpy(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory);
+    }
+);
+case!("MCopy.sol", MCopy, memcpyCall, memcpy, payload: Bytes);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Call {
+        function value_transfer(address payable destination) public payable;
+
+        function echo(bytes memory payload) public payable returns (bytes memory);
+
+        function call(
+            address callee,
+            bytes memory payload
+        ) public payable returns (bytes memory);
+    }
+);
+case!("Call.sol", Call, value_transferCall, call_value_transfer, destination: Address);
+case!("Call.sol", Call, callCall, call_call, destination: Address, payload: Bytes);
+case!("Call.sol", "Call", vec![], call_constructor);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Value {
+        function balance_of(address _address) public view returns (uint ret);
+        function balance_self() public view returns (uint ret);
+    }
+);
+case!("Value.sol", Value, balance_ofCall, value_balance_of, address: Address);
+case!("Value.sol", Value, balance_selfCall, value_balance_self,);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Bitwise {
+        function opByte(uint i, uint x) public payable returns (uint ret);
+    }
+);
+case!("Bitwise.sol", Bitwise, opByteCall, bitwise_byte, index: U256, value: U256);
+
+sol!(
+    contract Storage {
+        function transient(uint value) public returns (uint ret);
+    }
+);
+case!("Storage.sol", Storage, transientCall, storage_transient, value: U256);
+
+impl Contract {
+    fn build(calldata: Vec<u8>, name: &'static str, code: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use alloy_primitives::{Bytes, U256};
+    use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
+    use serde::{de::Deserialize, Serialize};
+    use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fs::File};
+
+    use super::Contract;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn codesize() {
+        let path = "codesize.json";
+
+        let existing = File::open(path)
+            .map(|file| {
+                BTreeMap::<String, usize>::deserialize(&mut serde_json::Deserializer::from_reader(
+                    file,
+                ))
+                .expect("should be able to deserialze codesize data")
+            })
+            .ok();
+
+        let extract_code_size = |compile: fn() -> Contract| {
+            let contract = compile();
+            let contract_length = contract.pvm_runtime.len();
+            let size_change = existing
+                .as_ref()
+                .and_then(|map| map.get(contract.name))
+                .filter(|old| **old != 0)
+                .map(|old| {
+                    let old = *old as f32;
+                    let p = (contract_length as f32 - old) / old * 100.0;
+                    format!("({p}% change from {old} bytes)",)
+                })
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+
+            println!("{}: {contract_length} bytes {size_change}", contract.name);
+
+            (contract.name, contract_length)
+        };
+
+        [
+            Contract::baseline as fn() -> Contract,
+            Contract::flipper as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::odd_product(0)) as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::fib_iterative(U256::ZERO)) as fn() -> Contract,
+            Contract::erc20 as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::sha1(Bytes::new())) as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::division_arithmetics_div(U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO)) as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::event(U256::ZERO)) as fn() -> Contract,
+        ]
+        .into_par_iter()
+        .map(extract_code_size)
+        .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>()
+        .serialize(&mut serde_json::Serializer::pretty(
+            File::create(path).unwrap(),
+        ))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("can not write codesize data to '{path}': {err}"));
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pub mod cases;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use alloy_primitives::*;
+use revive_runner::*;
+use SpecsAction::*;
+
+use crate::cases::Contract;
+
+/// Parameters:
+/// - The function name of the test
+/// - The contract name to fill in empty code based on the file path
+/// - The contract source file
+macro_rules! test_spec {
+    ($test_name:ident, $contract_name:literal, $source_file:literal) => {
+        #[test]
+        fn $test_name() {
+            let manifest_dir = std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").expect("should always exist");
+            let path = format!("{manifest_dir}/../integration/contracts/{}", $source_file);
+            Specs::from_comment($contract_name, &path).remove(0).run();
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+test_spec!(baseline, "Baseline", "Baseline.sol");
+test_spec!(flipper, "Flipper", "flipper.sol");
+test_spec!(fibonacci_recursive, "FibonacciRecursive", "Fibonacci.sol");
+test_spec!(fibonacci_iterative, "FibonacciIterative", "Fibonacci.sol");
+test_spec!(fibonacci_binet, "FibonacciBinet", "Fibonacci.sol");
+test_spec!(hash_keccak_256, "TestSha3", "Crypto.sol");
+test_spec!(erc20, "ERC20", "ERC20.sol");
+test_spec!(computation, "Computation", "Computation.sol");
+test_spec!(msize, "MSize", "MSize.sol");
+test_spec!(sha1, "SHA1", "SHA1.sol");
+test_spec!(block, "Block", "Block.sol");
+test_spec!(mcopy, "MCopy", "MCopy.sol");
+test_spec!(events, "Events", "Events.sol");
+test_spec!(storage, "Storage", "Storage.sol");
+test_spec!(mstore8, "MStore8", "MStore8.sol");
+test_spec!(address, "Context", "Context.sol");
+test_spec!(balance, "Value", "Value.sol");
+test_spec!(create, "CreateB", "Create.sol");
+test_spec!(call, "Caller", "Call.sol");
+test_spec!(transfer, "Transfer", "Transfer.sol");
+test_spec!(return_data_oob, "ReturnDataOob", "ReturnDataOob.sol");
+test_spec!(immutables, "Immutables", "Immutables.sol");
+test_spec!(transaction, "Transaction", "Transaction.sol");
+
+fn instantiate(path: &str, contract: &str) -> Vec<SpecsAction> {
+    vec![Instantiate {
+        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+        value: 0,
+        gas_limit: Some(GAS_LIMIT),
+        storage_deposit_limit: None,
+        code: Code::Solidity {
+            path: Some(path.into()),
+            contract: contract.to_string(),
+            solc_optimizer: None,
+            pipeline: None,
+        },
+        data: vec![],
+        salt: OptionalHex::default(),
+    }]
+}
+
+fn run_differential(actions: Vec<SpecsAction>) {
+    Specs {
+        differential: true,
+        actions,
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+    .run();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn bitwise_byte() {
+    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/Bitwise.sol", "Bitwise");
+
+    let de_bruijn_sequence =
+        hex::decode("4060503824160d0784426150b864361d0f88c4a27148ac5a2f198d46e391d8f4").unwrap();
+    let value = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(de_bruijn_sequence.clone().try_into().unwrap());
+    for input in de_bruijn_sequence
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(index, _)| Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::from(index), value).calldata)
+        .chain([
+            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO).calldata,
+            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::ZERO, U256::MAX).calldata,
+            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::MAX, U256::ZERO).calldata,
+            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::from_str("18446744073709551619").unwrap(), U256::MAX)
+                .calldata,
+        ])
+    {
+        actions.push(Call {
+            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+            value: 0,
+            gas_limit: None,
+            storage_deposit_limit: None,
+            data: input,
+        })
+    }
+
+    run_differential(actions);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unsigned_division() {
+    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
+
+    let one = U256::from(1);
+    let two = U256::from(2);
+    let five = U256::from(5);
+    for (n, d) in [
+        (five, five),
+        (five, one),
+        (U256::ZERO, U256::MAX),
+        (five, two),
+        (one, U256::ZERO),
+    ] {
+        actions.push(Call {
+            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+            value: 0,
+            gas_limit: None,
+            storage_deposit_limit: None,
+            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_div(n, d).calldata,
+        })
+    }
+
+    run_differential(actions);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn signed_division() {
+    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
+
+    let one = I256::try_from(1).unwrap();
+    let two = I256::try_from(2).unwrap();
+    let minus_two = I256::try_from(-2).unwrap();
+    let five = I256::try_from(5).unwrap();
+    let minus_five = I256::try_from(-5).unwrap();
+    for (n, d) in [
+        (five, five),
+        (five, one),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::MAX),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (five, two),
+        (five, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (I256::MINUS_ONE, minus_two),
+        (minus_five, minus_five),
+        (minus_five, two),
+        (I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::MIN),
+        (one, I256::ZERO),
+    ] {
+        actions.push(Call {
+            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+            value: 0,
+            gas_limit: None,
+            storage_deposit_limit: None,
+            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_sdiv(n, d).calldata,
+        })
+    }
+
+    run_differential(actions);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unsigned_remainder() {
+    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
+
+    let one = U256::from(1);
+    let two = U256::from(2);
+    let five = U256::from(5);
+    for (n, d) in [
+        (five, five),
+        (five, one),
+        (U256::ZERO, U256::MAX),
+        (U256::MAX, U256::MAX),
+        (five, two),
+        (two, five),
+        (U256::MAX, U256::ZERO),
+    ] {
+        actions.push(Call {
+            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+            value: 0,
+            gas_limit: None,
+            storage_deposit_limit: None,
+            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_mod(n, d).calldata,
+        })
+    }
+
+    run_differential(actions);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn signed_remainder() {
+    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
+
+    let one = I256::try_from(1).unwrap();
+    let two = I256::try_from(2).unwrap();
+    let minus_two = I256::try_from(-2).unwrap();
+    let five = I256::try_from(5).unwrap();
+    let minus_five = I256::try_from(-5).unwrap();
+    for (n, d) in [
+        (five, five),
+        (five, one),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::MAX),
+        (I256::MAX, I256::MAX),
+        (five, two),
+        (two, five),
+        (five, minus_five),
+        (five, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (five, minus_two),
+        (minus_five, two),
+        (minus_two, five),
+        (minus_five, minus_five),
+        (minus_five, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (minus_five, minus_two),
+        (minus_two, minus_five),
+        (I256::MIN, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::ZERO),
+    ] {
+        actions.push(Call {
+            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+            value: 0,
+            gas_limit: None,
+            storage_deposit_limit: None,
+            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_smod(n, d).calldata,
+        })
+    }
+
+    run_differential(actions);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ext_code_hash() {
+    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/ExtCode.sol", "ExtCode");
+
+    // First do contract instantiation to figure out address and code hash
+    let results = Specs {
+        actions: actions.clone(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+    .run();
+    let (addr, code_hash) = match results.first().cloned() {
+        Some(CallResult::Instantiate {
+            result, code_hash, ..
+        }) => (result.result.unwrap().addr, code_hash),
+        _ => panic!("instantiate contract failed"),
+    };
+
+    // code hash of itself
+    actions.push(Call {
+        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+        value: 0,
+        gas_limit: None,
+        storage_deposit_limit: None,
+        data: Contract::code_hash().calldata,
+    });
+    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+        success: true,
+        output: OptionalHex::from(code_hash.as_bytes().to_vec()),
+        gas_consumed: None,
+    }));
+
+    // code hash for a given contract address
+    actions.push(Call {
+        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+        value: 0,
+        gas_limit: None,
+        storage_deposit_limit: None,
+        data: Contract::ext_code_hash(Address::from(addr.to_fixed_bytes())).calldata,
+    });
+    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+        success: true,
+        output: OptionalHex::from(code_hash.as_bytes().to_vec()),
+        gas_consumed: None,
+    }));
+
+    // EOA returns fixed hash
+    actions.push(Call {
+        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+        value: 0,
+        gas_limit: None,
+        storage_deposit_limit: None,
+        data: Contract::ext_code_hash(Address::from(CHARLIE.to_fixed_bytes())).calldata,
+    });
+    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+        success: true,
+        output: OptionalHex::from(
+            hex!("c5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470").to_vec(),
+        ),
+        gas_consumed: None,
+    }));
+
+    // non-existing account
+    actions.push(Call {
+        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+        value: 0,
+        gas_limit: None,
+        storage_deposit_limit: None,
+        data: Contract::ext_code_hash(Address::from([8u8; 20])).calldata,
+    });
+    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+        success: true,
+        output: OptionalHex::from([0u8; 32].to_vec()),
+        gas_consumed: None,
+    }));
+
+    Specs {
+        actions,
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+    .run();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ext_code_size() {
+    let alice = Address::from(ALICE.0);
+    let own_address = alice.create(0);
+    let baseline_address = alice.create2([0u8; 32], keccak256(Contract::baseline().pvm_runtime));
+
+    let own_code_size = U256::from(
+        Contract::ext_code_size(Default::default())
+            .pvm_runtime
+            .len(),
+    );
+    let baseline_code_size = U256::from(Contract::baseline().pvm_runtime.len());
+
+    Specs {
+        actions: vec![
+            // Instantiate the test contract
+            instantiate("contracts/ExtCode.sol", "ExtCode").remove(0),
+            // Instantiate the baseline contract
+            Instantiate {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                value: 0,
+                gas_limit: Some(GAS_LIMIT),
+                storage_deposit_limit: None,
+                code: Code::Solidity {
+                    path: Some("contracts/Baseline.sol".into()),
+                    contract: "Baseline".to_string(),
+                    solc_optimizer: None,
+                    pipeline: None,
+                },
+                data: vec![],
+                salt: OptionalHex::from([0; 32]),
+            },
+            // Alice is not a contract and returns a code size of 0
+            Call {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+                value: 0,
+                gas_limit: None,
+                storage_deposit_limit: None,
+                data: Contract::ext_code_size(alice).calldata,
+            },
+            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+                success: true,
+                output: OptionalHex::from([0u8; 32].to_vec()),
+                gas_consumed: None,
+            }),
+            // Unknown address returns a code size of 0
+            Call {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+                value: 0,
+                gas_limit: None,
+                storage_deposit_limit: None,
+                data: Contract::ext_code_size(Address::from([0xff; 20])).calldata,
+            },
+            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+                success: true,
+                output: OptionalHex::from([0u8; 32].to_vec()),
+                gas_consumed: None,
+            }),
+            // Own address via extcodesize returns own code size
+            Call {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+                value: 0,
+                gas_limit: None,
+                storage_deposit_limit: None,
+                data: Contract::ext_code_size(own_address).calldata,
+            },
+            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+                success: true,
+                output: OptionalHex::from(own_code_size.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()),
+                gas_consumed: None,
+            }),
+            // Own address via codesize returns own code size
+            Call {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+                value: 0,
+                gas_limit: None,
+                storage_deposit_limit: None,
+                data: Contract::code_size().calldata,
+            },
+            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+                success: true,
+                output: OptionalHex::from(own_code_size.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()),
+                gas_consumed: None,
+            }),
+            // Baseline address returns the baseline code size
+            Call {
+                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
+                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
+                value: 0,
+                gas_limit: None,
+                storage_deposit_limit: None,
+                data: Contract::ext_code_size(baseline_address).calldata,
+            },
+            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
+                success: true,
+                output: OptionalHex::from(baseline_code_size.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()),
+                gas_consumed: None,
+            }),
+        ],
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+    .run();
+}
+
+/*
+// These test were implement for the mock-runtime and need to be ported yet.
+
+#[test]
+fn create2_failure() {
+    let mut state = State::default();
+    let contract_a = Contract::create_a();
+    state.upload_code(&contract_a.pvm_runtime);
+
+    let contract = Contract::create_b();
+    let (state, output) = state
+        .transaction()
+        .with_default_account(&contract.pvm_runtime)
+        .calldata(contract.calldata.clone())
+        .call();
+
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+
+    // The address already exists, which should cause the contract to revert
+
+    let (_, output) = state
+        .transaction()
+        .with_default_account(&contract.pvm_runtime)
+        .calldata(contract.calldata)
+        .call();
+
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Revert);
+}
+*/
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-linker"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "revive compiler linker utils"
+
+[features]
+riscv-64 = []
+
+[dependencies]
+inkwell = { workspace = true }
+tempfile = { workspace = true }
+polkavm-linker = { workspace = true }
+polkavm-common = { workspace = true }
+libc = { workspace = true }
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+
+revive-builtins = { workspace = true }
+lld-sys = { workspace = true }
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+use std::{env, ffi::CString, fs};
+
+use lld_sys::LLDELFLink;
+use revive_builtins::COMPILER_RT;
+
+const LINKER_SCRIPT: &str = r#"
+SECTIONS {
+    .text : { KEEP(*(.text.polkavm_export)) *(.text .text.*) }
+}"#;
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "riscv-64"))]
+const BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE: &str = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv32.a";
+#[cfg(feature = "riscv-64")]
+const BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE: &str = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv64.a";
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "riscv-64"))]
+const BUILTINS_LIB_NAME: &str = "clang_rt.builtins-riscv32";
+#[cfg(feature = "riscv-64")]
+const BUILTINS_LIB_NAME: &str = "clang_rt.builtins-riscv64";
+
+fn invoke_lld(cmd_args: &[&str]) -> bool {
+    let c_strings = cmd_args
+        .iter()
+        .map(|arg| CString::new(*arg).expect("ld.lld args should not contain null bytes"))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let args: Vec<*const libc::c_char> = c_strings.iter().map(|arg| arg.as_ptr()).collect();
+
+    unsafe { LLDELFLink(args.as_ptr(), args.len()) == 0 }
+}
+
+fn polkavm_linker<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(code: T) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut config = polkavm_linker::Config::default();
+    config.set_strip(true);
+    config.set_optimize(true);
+
+    polkavm_linker::program_from_elf(config, code.as_ref())
+        .map_err(|reason| anyhow::anyhow!("polkavm linker failed: {}", reason))
+}
+
+pub fn link<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("failed to create temp directory for linking");
+    let output_path = dir.path().join("out.so");
+    let object_path = dir.path().join("out.o");
+    let linker_script_path = dir.path().join("linker.ld");
+    let compiler_rt_path = dir.path().join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
+
+    fs::write(&object_path, input).map_err(|msg| anyhow::anyhow!("{msg} {object_path:?}"))?;
+
+    if env::var("PVM_LINKER_DUMP_OBJ").is_ok() {
+        fs::copy(&object_path, "/tmp/out.o")?;
+    }
+
+    fs::write(&linker_script_path, LINKER_SCRIPT)
+        .map_err(|msg| anyhow::anyhow!("{msg} {linker_script_path:?}"))?;
+
+    fs::write(&compiler_rt_path, COMPILER_RT)
+        .map_err(|msg| anyhow::anyhow!("{msg} {compiler_rt_path:?}"))?;
+
+    let ld_args = [
+        "ld.lld",
+        "--lto=full",
+        "--error-limit=0",
+        "--relocatable",
+        "--emit-relocs",
+        "--no-relax",
+        "--gc-sections",
+        "--library-path",
+        dir.path().to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
+        "--library",
+        BUILTINS_LIB_NAME,
+        linker_script_path.to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
+        object_path.to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
+        "-o",
+        output_path.to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
+    ];
+
+    if invoke_lld(&ld_args) {
+        return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("ld.lld failed"));
+    }
+
+    if env::var("PVM_LINKER_DUMP_SO").is_ok() {
+        fs::copy(&output_path, "/tmp/out.so")?;
+    };
+
+    let blob = fs::read(&output_path)?;
+    polkavm_linker(blob)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[package]
+name = "lld-sys"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+build = "build.rs"
+description = "bindings for ld.lld core"
+
+[dependencies]
+libc = { workspace = true }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+cc = { workspace = true }
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+fn llvm_config(arg: &str) -> String {
+    let output = std::process::Command::new("llvm-config")
+        .args([arg])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("`llvm-config {arg}` failed"));
+
+    String::from_utf8(output.stdout)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("output of `llvm-config {arg}` should be utf8"))
+}
+
+fn set_rustc_link_flags() {
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-search=native={}", llvm_config("--libdir"));
+
+    for lib in [
+        "lldELF",
+        "lldCommon",
+        "lldMachO",
+        "LLVMSupport",
+        "LLVMLinker",
+        "LLVMCore",
+        "LLVMLTO",
+        "LLVMTargetParser",
+        "LLVMBinaryFormat",
+        "LLVMDemangle",
+    ] {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={lib}");
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib=stdc++");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=tinfo");
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    llvm_config("--cxxflags")
+        .split_whitespace()
+        .fold(&mut cc::Build::new(), |builder, flag| builder.flag(flag))
+        .flag("-Wno-unused-parameter")
+        .cpp(true)
+        .file("src/linker.cpp")
+        .compile("liblinker.a");
+
+    set_rustc_link_flags();
+
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn LLDELFLink(args: *const *const libc::c_char, size: libc::size_t) -> libc::c_int;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "lld/Common/Driver.h"
+#include "lld/Common/CommonLinkerContext.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/CrashRecoveryContext.h"
+
+LLD_HAS_DRIVER(elf);
+
+extern "C" bool LLDELFLink(const char *argv[], size_t length)
+{
+    bool canRunAgain;
+
+    {
+        llvm::ArrayRef<const char *> args(argv, length);
+        llvm::CrashRecoveryContext crc;
+        if (!crc.RunSafely([&]()
+                           { canRunAgain = lld::elf::link(args, llvm::outs(), llvm::errs(), false, false); }))
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    llvm::CrashRecoveryContext crc;
+    return canRunAgain && crc.RunSafely([&]()
+                                        { lld::CommonLinkerContext::destroy(); });
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-llvm-context"
+version.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+authors = [
+    "Oleksandr Zarudnyi <a.zarudnyy@matterlabs.dev>",
+    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
+]
+description = "Shared front end code of the revive PolkaVM compilers"
+
+[lib]
+doctest = false
+
+[features]
+riscv-zbb = []
+riscv-64 = []
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+semver = { workspace = true }
+itertools = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true, features = ["derive"] }
+regex = { workspace = true }
+once_cell = { workspace = true }
+num = { workspace = true }
+hex = { workspace = true }
+sha2 = { workspace = true }
+sha3 = { workspace = true }
+md5 = { workspace = true }
+inkwell = { workspace = true }
+polkavm-disassembler = { workspace = true }
+polkavm-common = { workspace = true }
+
+revive-common = { workspace = true }
+revive-runtime-api = { workspace = true }
+revive-linker = { workspace = true }
+revive-builtins = { workspace = true }
+revive-stdlib = { workspace = true }
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//! The debug IR type.
+
+/// The debug IR type.
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum IRType {
+    /// Whether to dump the Yul code.
+    Yul,
+    /// Whether to dump the EVM legacy assembly code.
+    EVMLA,
+    /// Whether to dump the Ethereal IR code.
+    EthIR,
+    /// Whether to dump the LLVM IR code.
+    LLVM,
+    /// Whether to dump the assembly code.
+    Assembly,
+    /// Whether to jump JSON
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    JSON,
+}
+
+impl IRType {
+    /// Returns the file extension for the specified IR.
+    pub fn file_extension(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Yul => revive_common::EXTENSION_YUL,
+            Self::EthIR => revive_common::EXTENSION_ETHIR,
+            Self::EVMLA => revive_common::EXTENSION_EVMLA,
+            Self::LLVM => revive_common::EXTENSION_LLVM_SOURCE,
+            Self::Assembly => revive_common::EXTENSION_POLKAVM_ASSEMBLY,
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            Self::JSON => revive_common::EXTENSION_JSON,
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//! The debug configuration.
+
+pub mod ir_type;
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+use self::ir_type::IRType;
+
+/// The debug configuration.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct DebugConfig {
+    /// The directory to dump the IRs to.
+    pub output_directory: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl DebugConfig {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(output_directory: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        Self { output_directory }
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the Yul IR.
+    pub fn dump_yul(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::Yul);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the EVM legacy assembly IR.
+    pub fn dump_evmla(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::EVMLA);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the Ethereal IR.
+    pub fn dump_ethir(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::EthIR);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the unoptimized LLVM IR.
+    pub fn dump_llvm_ir_unoptimized(
+        &self,
+        contract_path: &str,
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let llvm_code = module.print_to_string().to_string();
+
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, Some("unoptimized"), IRType::LLVM);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, llvm_code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the optimized LLVM IR.
+    pub fn dump_llvm_ir_optimized(
+        &self,
+        contract_path: &str,
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let llvm_code = module.print_to_string().to_string();
+
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, Some("optimized"), IRType::LLVM);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, llvm_code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the assembly.
+    pub fn dump_assembly(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::Assembly);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the stage output as a json file suitable for use with --recursive-process
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    pub fn dump_stage_output(
+        &self,
+        contract_path: &str,
+        contract_suffix: Option<&str>,
+        stage_json: &Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, contract_suffix, IRType::JSON);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, stage_json)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a full file name, given the contract full path, suffix, and extension.
+    fn full_file_name(contract_path: &str, suffix: Option<&str>, ir_type: IRType) -> String {
+        let mut full_file_name = contract_path.replace('/', "_").replace(':', ".");
+        if let Some(suffix) = suffix {
+            full_file_name.push('.');
+            full_file_name.push_str(suffix);
+        }
+        full_file_name.push('.');
+        full_file_name.push_str(ir_type.file_extension());
+        full_file_name
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//! The LLVM context library.
+
+pub(crate) mod debug_config;
+pub(crate) mod optimizer;
+pub(crate) mod polkavm;
+pub(crate) mod target_machine;
+
+pub use self::debug_config::ir_type::IRType as DebugConfigIR;
+pub use self::debug_config::DebugConfig;
+pub use self::optimizer::settings::size_level::SizeLevel as OptimizerSettingsSizeLevel;
+pub use self::optimizer::settings::Settings as OptimizerSettings;
+pub use self::optimizer::Optimizer;
+pub use self::polkavm::build_assembly_text as polkavm_build_assembly_text;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::address_space::AddressSpace as PolkaVMAddressSpace;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::argument::Argument as PolkaVMArgument;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::attribute::Attribute as PolkaVMAttribute;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::build::Build as PolkaVMBuild;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::code_type::CodeType as PolkaVMCodeType;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::evmla_data::EVMLAData as PolkaVMContextEVMLAData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::block::evmla_data::key::Key as PolkaVMFunctionBlockKey;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::block::evmla_data::EVMLAData as PolkaVMFunctionBlockEVMLAData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::block::Block as PolkaVMFunctionBlock;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::declaration::Declaration as PolkaVMFunctionDeclaration;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::evmla_data::EVMLAData as PolkaVMFunctionEVMLAData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::intrinsics::Intrinsics as PolkaVMIntrinsicFunction;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::llvm_runtime::LLVMRuntime as PolkaVMLLVMRuntime;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::r#return::Return as PolkaVMFunctionReturn;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::deploy_code::DeployCode as PolkaVMDeployCodeFunction;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::entry::Entry as PolkaVMEntryFunction;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::immutable_data_load::ImmutableDataLoad as PolkaVMImmutableDataLoadFunction;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::runtime_code::RuntimeCode as PolkaVMRuntimeCodeFunction;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE as PolkaVMFunctionDeployCode;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY as PolkaVMFunctionEntry;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA as PolkaVMFunctionImmutableDataLoad;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE as PolkaVMFunctionRuntimeCode;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::yul_data::YulData as PolkaVMFunctionYulData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::Function as PolkaVMFunction;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::global::Global as PolkaVMGlobal;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer as PolkaVMPointer;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::r#loop::Loop as PolkaVMLoop;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::solidity_data::SolidityData as PolkaVMContextSolidityData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::yul_data::YulData as PolkaVMContextYulData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::Context as PolkaVMContext;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::arithmetic as polkavm_evm_arithmetic;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::bitwise as polkavm_evm_bitwise;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::call as polkavm_evm_call;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::calldata as polkavm_evm_calldata;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::comparison as polkavm_evm_comparison;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::context as polkavm_evm_contract_context;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::create as polkavm_evm_create;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::crypto as polkavm_evm_crypto;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::ether_gas as polkavm_evm_ether_gas;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::event as polkavm_evm_event;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::ext_code as polkavm_evm_ext_code;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::immutable as polkavm_evm_immutable;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::math as polkavm_evm_math;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::memory as polkavm_evm_memory;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::r#return as polkavm_evm_return;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::return_data as polkavm_evm_return_data;
+pub use self::polkavm::evm::storage as polkavm_evm_storage;
+pub use self::polkavm::metadata_hash::MetadataHash as PolkaVMMetadataHash;
+pub use self::polkavm::r#const as polkavm_const;
+pub use self::polkavm::utils as polkavm_utils;
+pub use self::polkavm::Dependency as PolkaVMDependency;
+pub use self::polkavm::DummyDependency as PolkaVMDummyDependency;
+pub use self::polkavm::DummyLLVMWritable as PolkaVMDummyLLVMWritable;
+pub use self::polkavm::WriteLLVM as PolkaVMWriteLLVM;
+pub use self::target_machine::target::Target;
+pub use self::target_machine::TargetMachine;
+
+/// Initializes the target machine.
+pub fn initialize_target(target: Target) {
+    match target {
+        Target::PVM => self::polkavm::initialize_target(),
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//! The LLVM optimizing tools.
+
+pub mod settings;
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+use crate::target_machine::TargetMachine;
+
+use self::settings::Settings;
+
+/// The LLVM optimizing tools.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Optimizer {
+    /// The optimizer settings.
+    settings: Settings,
+}
+
+impl Optimizer {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(settings: Settings) -> Self {
+        Self { settings }
+    }
+
+    /// Runs the new pass manager.
+    pub fn run(
+        &self,
+        target_machine: &TargetMachine,
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module,
+    ) -> Result<(), inkwell::support::LLVMString> {
+        target_machine.run_optimization_passes(
+            module,
+            format!("default<O{}>", self.settings.middle_end_as_string()).as_str(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the optimizer settings reference.
+    pub fn settings(&self) -> &Settings {
+        &self.settings
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+//! The LLVM optimizer settings.
+
+pub mod size_level;
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+
+use self::size_level::SizeLevel;
+
+/// The LLVM optimizer settings.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Eq)]
+pub struct Settings {
+    /// The middle-end optimization level.
+    pub level_middle_end: inkwell::OptimizationLevel,
+    /// The middle-end size optimization level.
+    pub level_middle_end_size: SizeLevel,
+    /// The back-end optimization level.
+    pub level_back_end: inkwell::OptimizationLevel,
+
+    /// Fallback to optimizing for size if the bytecode is too large.
+    pub is_fallback_to_size_enabled: bool,
+
+    /// Whether the LLVM `verify each` option is enabled.
+    pub is_verify_each_enabled: bool,
+    /// Whether the LLVM `debug logging` option is enabled.
+    pub is_debug_logging_enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl Settings {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(
+        level_middle_end: inkwell::OptimizationLevel,
+        level_middle_end_size: SizeLevel,
+        level_back_end: inkwell::OptimizationLevel,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            level_middle_end,
+            level_middle_end_size,
+            level_back_end,
+
+            is_fallback_to_size_enabled: false,
+
+            is_verify_each_enabled: false,
+            is_debug_logging_enabled: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor with debugging tools.
+    pub fn new_debug(
+        level_middle_end: inkwell::OptimizationLevel,
+        level_middle_end_size: SizeLevel,
+        level_back_end: inkwell::OptimizationLevel,
+
+        is_verify_each_enabled: bool,
+        is_debug_logging_enabled: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            level_middle_end,
+            level_middle_end_size,
+            level_back_end,
+
+            is_fallback_to_size_enabled: false,
+
+            is_verify_each_enabled,
+            is_debug_logging_enabled,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates settings from a CLI optimization parameter.
+    pub fn try_from_cli(value: char) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(match value {
+            '0' => Self::new(
+                // The middle-end optimization level.
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+                // The middle-end size optimization level.
+                SizeLevel::Zero,
+                // The back-end optimization level.
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+            ),
+            '1' => Self::new(
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Less,
+                SizeLevel::Zero,
+                // The back-end does not currently distinguish between O1, O2, and O3.
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Less,
+            ),
+            '2' => Self::new(
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+                SizeLevel::Zero,
+                // The back-end does not currently distinguish between O1, O2, and O3.
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+            ),
+            '3' => Self::new(
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+                SizeLevel::Zero,
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+            ),
+            's' => Self::new(
+                // The middle-end optimization level is ignored when SizeLevel is set.
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+                SizeLevel::S,
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+            ),
+            'z' => Self::new(
+                // The middle-end optimization level is ignored when SizeLevel is set.
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+                SizeLevel::Z,
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+            ),
+            char => anyhow::bail!("Unexpected optimization option '{}'", char),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the settings without optimizations.
+    pub fn none() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+            SizeLevel::Zero,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the settings for the optimal number of VM execution cycles.
+    pub fn cycles() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+            SizeLevel::Zero,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the settings for the optimal size.
+    pub fn size() -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+            SizeLevel::Z,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the middle-end optimization parameter as string.
+    pub fn middle_end_as_string(&self) -> String {
+        match self.level_middle_end_size {
+            SizeLevel::Zero => (self.level_middle_end as u8).to_string(),
+            size_level => size_level.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks whether there are middle-end optimizations enabled.
+    pub fn is_middle_end_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.level_middle_end != inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None
+            || self.level_middle_end_size != SizeLevel::Zero
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all possible combinations of the optimizer settings.
+    /// Used only for testing purposes.
+    pub fn combinations() -> Vec<Self> {
+        let performance_combinations: Vec<Self> = vec![
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Less,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .cartesian_product(vec![
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+            inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+        ])
+        .map(|(optimization_level_middle, optimization_level_back)| {
+            Self::new(
+                optimization_level_middle,
+                SizeLevel::Zero,
+                optimization_level_back,
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+        let size_combinations: Vec<Self> = vec![SizeLevel::S, SizeLevel::Z]
+            .into_iter()
+            .cartesian_product(vec![
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None,
+                inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Aggressive,
+            ])
+            .map(|(size_level, optimization_level_back)| {
+                Self::new(
+                    inkwell::OptimizationLevel::Default,
+                    size_level,
+                    optimization_level_back,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let mut combinations = performance_combinations;
+        combinations.extend(size_combinations);
+
+        combinations
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the fallback to optimizing for size if the bytecode is too large.
+    pub fn enable_fallback_to_size(&mut self) {
+        self.is_fallback_to_size_enabled = true;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the fallback to optimizing for size is enabled.
+    pub fn is_fallback_to_size_enabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_fallback_to_size_enabled
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Settings {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.level_middle_end == other.level_middle_end
+            && self.level_middle_end_size == other.level_middle_end_size
+            && self.level_back_end == other.level_back_end
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Settings {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "M{}B{}",
+            self.middle_end_as_string(),
+            self.level_back_end as u8,
+        )
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//! The LLVM optimizer settings size level.
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+/// The LLVM optimizer settings size level.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SizeLevel {
+    /// No size optimizations.
+    Zero,
+    /// The default size optimizations.
+    S,
+    /// The aggresize size optimizations.
+    Z,
+}
+
+impl From<SizeLevel> for u32 {
+    fn from(level: SizeLevel) -> Self {
+        match level {
+            SizeLevel::Zero => 0,
+            SizeLevel::S => 1,
+            SizeLevel::Z => 2,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for SizeLevel {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            SizeLevel::Zero => write!(f, "0"),
+            SizeLevel::S => write!(f, "s"),
+            SizeLevel::Z => write!(f, "z"),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//! The LLVM context constants.
+
+/// The LLVM framework version.
+pub const LLVM_VERSION: semver::Version = semver::Version::new(18, 1, 4);
+
+/// The register width sized type
+pub static XLEN: usize = revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_X32;
+
+/// The heap memory pointer pointer global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_HEAP_MEMORY_POINTER: &str = "memory_pointer";
+
+/// The calldata pointer global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_CALLDATA_POINTER: &str = "ptr_calldata";
+
+/// The calldata size global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_CALLDATA_SIZE: &str = "calldatasize";
+
+/// The call flags global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_CALL_FLAGS: &str = "call_flags";
+
+/// The deployer call header size that consists of:
+/// - bytecode hash (32 bytes)
+pub const DEPLOYER_CALL_HEADER_SIZE: usize = revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD;
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//! The address space aliases.
+
+/// The address space aliases.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum AddressSpace {
+    /// The stack memory.
+    #[default]
+    Stack,
+    /// The heap memory.
+    Heap,
+    /// The generic memory page.
+    Storage,
+    /// The transient storage.
+    TransientStorage,
+}
+
+impl From<AddressSpace> for inkwell::AddressSpace {
+    fn from(value: AddressSpace) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            AddressSpace::Stack => Self::from(0),
+            AddressSpace::Heap => Self::from(1),
+            AddressSpace::Storage => Self::from(5),
+            AddressSpace::TransientStorage => Self::from(6),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//! The LLVM argument with metadata.
+
+/// The LLVM argument with metadata.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Argument<'ctx> {
+    /// The actual LLVM operand.
+    pub value: inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+    /// The original AST value. Used mostly for string literals.
+    pub original: Option<String>,
+    /// The preserved constant value, if available.
+    pub constant: Option<num::BigUint>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Argument<'ctx> {
+    /// The calldata offset argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_CALLDATA_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+
+    /// The calldata length argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_CALLDATA_LENGTH: usize = 1;
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(value: inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value,
+            original: None,
+            constant: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new_with_original(
+        value: inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+        original: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value,
+            original: Some(original),
+            constant: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new_with_constant(
+        value: inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx>,
+        constant: num::BigUint,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            value,
+            original: None,
+            constant: Some(constant),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the inner LLVM value.
+    pub fn to_llvm(&self) -> inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.value
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> From<inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx>> for Argument<'ctx> {
+    fn from(value: inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(value)
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//! The LLVM attribute.
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+/// The LLVM attribute.
+/// In order to check the real order in a new major version of LLVM, find the `Attributes.inc` file
+/// inside of the LLVM build directory. This order is actually generated during the building.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum Attribute {
+    Unused = 0,
+    AllocAlign = 1,
+    AllocatedPointer = 2,
+    AlwaysInline = 3,
+    Builtin = 4,
+    Cold = 5,
+    Convergent = 6,
+    CoroDestroyOnlyWhenComplete = 7,
+    DeadOnUnwind = 8,
+    DisableSanitizerInstrumentation = 9,
+    FnRetThunkExtern = 10,
+    Hot = 11,
+    ImmArg = 12,
+    InReg = 13,
+    InlineHint = 14,
+    JumpTable = 15,
+    MinSize = 16,
+    MustProgress = 17,
+    Naked = 18,
+    Nest = 19,
+    NoAlias = 20,
+    NoBuiltin = 21,
+    NoCallback = 22,
+    NoCapture = 23,
+    NoCfCheck = 24,
+    NoDuplicate = 25,
+    NoFree = 26,
+    NoImplicitFloat = 27,
+    NoInline = 28,
+    NoMerge = 29,
+    NoProfile = 30,
+    NoRecurse = 31,
+    NoRedZone = 32,
+    NoReturn = 33,
+    NoSanitizeBounds = 34,
+    NoSanitizeCoverage = 35,
+    NoSync = 36,
+    NoUndef = 37,
+    NoUnwind = 38,
+    NonLazyBind = 39,
+    NonNull = 40,
+    NullPointerIsValid = 41,
+    OptForFuzzing = 42,
+    OptimizeForDebugging = 43,
+    OptimizeForSize = 44,
+    OptimizeNone = 45,
+    PresplitCoroutine = 46,
+    ReadNone = 47,
+    ReadOnly = 48,
+    Returned = 49,
+    ReturnsTwice = 50,
+    SExt = 51,
+    SafeStack = 52,
+    SanitizeAddress = 53,
+    SanitizeHWAddress = 54,
+    SanitizeMemTag = 55,
+    SanitizeMemory = 56,
+    SanitizeThread = 57,
+    ShadowCallStack = 58,
+    SkipProfile = 59,
+    Speculatable = 60,
+    SpeculativeLoadHardening = 61,
+    StackProtect = 62,
+    StackProtectReq = 63,
+    StackProtectStrong = 64,
+    StrictFP = 65,
+    SwiftAsync = 66,
+    SwiftError = 67,
+    SwiftSelf = 68,
+    WillReturn = 69,
+    Writable = 70,
+    WriteOnly = 71,
+    ZExt = 72,
+    // LastEnumAttr = 72,
+    // FirstTypeAttr = 73,
+    ByRef = 73,
+    ByVal = 74,
+    ElementType = 75,
+    InAlloca = 76,
+    Preallocated = 77,
+    StructRet = 78,
+    // LastTypeAttr = 78,
+    // FirstIntAttr = 79,
+    Alignment = 79,
+    AllocKind = 80,
+    AllocSize = 81,
+    Dereferenceable = 82,
+    DereferenceableOrNull = 83,
+    Memory = 84,
+    NoFPClass = 85,
+    StackAlignment = 86,
+    UWTable = 87,
+    VScaleRange = 88,
+    // LastIntAttr = 88,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for Attribute {
+    type Error = String;
+
+    fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            "AlwaysInline" => Ok(Attribute::AlwaysInline),
+            "Cold" => Ok(Attribute::Cold),
+            "Hot" => Ok(Attribute::Hot),
+            "MinSize" => Ok(Attribute::MinSize),
+            "OptimizeForSize" => Ok(Attribute::OptimizeForSize),
+            "NoInline" => Ok(Attribute::NoInline),
+            "WillReturn" => Ok(Attribute::WillReturn),
+            "NoReturn" => Ok(Attribute::NoReturn),
+            "MustProgress" => Ok(Attribute::MustProgress),
+            _ => Err(value.to_owned()),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//! The LLVM module build.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+/// The LLVM module build.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Build {
+    /// The PolkaVM text assembly.
+    pub assembly_text: String,
+    /// The metadata hash.
+    pub metadata_hash: Option<[u8; revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD]>,
+    /// The PolkaVM binary bytecode.
+    pub bytecode: Vec<u8>,
+    /// The PolkaVM bytecode hash.
+    pub bytecode_hash: String,
+    /// The hash-to-full-path mapping of the contract factory dependencies.
+    pub factory_dependencies: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl Build {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(
+        assembly_text: String,
+        metadata_hash: Option<[u8; revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD]>,
+        bytecode: Vec<u8>,
+        bytecode_hash: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            assembly_text,
+            metadata_hash,
+            bytecode,
+            bytecode_hash,
+            factory_dependencies: BTreeMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//! The contract code types.
+
+/// The contract code types (deploy and runtime).
+/// They do not represent any entities in the final bytecode, but this separation is always present
+/// in the IRs used for translation to the EVM bytecode.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum CodeType {
+    /// The deploy code.
+    Deploy,
+    /// The runtime code.
+    Runtime,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for CodeType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Deploy => write!(f, "deploy"),
+            Self::Runtime => write!(f, "runtime"),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//! The LLVM debug information.
+
+use inkwell::debug_info::AsDIScope;
+use num::Zero;
+
+/// The LLVM debug information.
+pub struct DebugInfo<'ctx> {
+    /// The compile unit.
+    compile_unit: inkwell::debug_info::DICompileUnit<'ctx>,
+    /// The debug info builder.
+    builder: inkwell::debug_info::DebugInfoBuilder<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> DebugInfo<'ctx> {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>) -> Self {
+        let (builder, compile_unit) = module.create_debug_info_builder(
+            true,
+            inkwell::debug_info::DWARFSourceLanguage::C,
+            module.get_name().to_string_lossy().as_ref(),
+            "",
+            "",
+            false,
+            "",
+            0,
+            "",
+            inkwell::debug_info::DWARFEmissionKind::Full,
+            0,
+            false,
+            false,
+            "",
+            "",
+        );
+
+        Self {
+            compile_unit,
+            builder,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a function info.
+    pub fn create_function(
+        &self,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<inkwell::debug_info::DISubprogram<'ctx>> {
+        let subroutine_type = self.builder.create_subroutine_type(
+            self.compile_unit.get_file(),
+            Some(self.create_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_FIELD)?),
+            &[],
+            inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::zero(),
+        );
+
+        let function = self.builder.create_function(
+            self.compile_unit.get_file().as_debug_info_scope(),
+            name,
+            None,
+            self.compile_unit.get_file(),
+            42,
+            subroutine_type,
+            true,
+            false,
+            1,
+            inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::zero(),
+            false,
+        );
+
+        self.builder.create_lexical_block(
+            function.as_debug_info_scope(),
+            self.compile_unit.get_file(),
+            1,
+            1,
+        );
+
+        Ok(function)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a primitive type info.
+    pub fn create_type(
+        &self,
+        bit_length: usize,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<inkwell::debug_info::DIType<'ctx>> {
+        self.builder
+            .create_basic_type(
+                "U256",
+                bit_length as u64,
+                0,
+                inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::zero(),
+            )
+            .map(|basic_type| basic_type.as_type())
+            .map_err(|error| anyhow::anyhow!("Debug info error: {}", error))
+    }
+
+    /// Finalizes the builder.
+    pub fn finalize(&self) {
+        self.builder.finalize();
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//! The LLVM IR generator EVM legacy assembly data.
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::argument::Argument;
+
+/// The LLVM IR generator EVM legacy assembly data.
+/// Describes some data that is only relevant to the EVM legacy assembly.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct EVMLAData<'ctx> {
+    /// The Solidity compiler version.
+    /// Some instruction behave differenly depending on the version.
+    pub version: semver::Version,
+    /// The static stack allocated for the current function.
+    pub stack: Vec<Argument<'ctx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> EVMLAData<'ctx> {
+    /// The default stack size.
+    pub const DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE: usize = 64;
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(version: semver::Version) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            version,
+            stack: Vec::with_capacity(Self::DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE),
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//! The LLVM IR generator function block key.
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::code_type::CodeType;
+
+/// The LLVM IR generator function block key.
+/// Is only relevant to the EVM legacy assembly.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Key {
+    /// The block code type.
+    pub code_type: CodeType,
+    /// The block tag.
+    pub tag: num::BigUint,
+}
+
+impl Key {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(code_type: CodeType, tag: num::BigUint) -> Self {
+        Self { code_type, tag }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Key {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}_{}",
+            match self.code_type {
+                CodeType::Deploy => "dt",
+                CodeType::Runtime => "rt",
+            },
+            self.tag
+        )
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//! The LLVM function block EVM legacy assembly data.
+
+pub mod key;
+
+/// The LLVM function block EVM legacy assembly data.
+/// Describes some data that is only relevant to the EVM legacy assembly.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct EVMLAData {
+    /// The initial hashes of the allowed stack states.
+    pub stack_hashes: Vec<md5::Digest>,
+}
+
+impl EVMLAData {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(stack_hashes: Vec<md5::Digest>) -> Self {
+        Self { stack_hashes }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//! The LLVM IR generator function block.
+
+pub mod evmla_data;
+
+use self::evmla_data::EVMLAData;
+
+/// The LLVM IR generator function block.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Block<'ctx> {
+    /// The inner block.
+    inner: inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx>,
+    /// The EVM legacy assembly compiler data.
+    evmla_data: Option<EVMLAData>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Block<'ctx> {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(inner: inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            evmla_data: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the EVM legacy assembly data.
+    pub fn set_evmla_data(&mut self, data: EVMLAData) {
+        self.evmla_data = Some(data);
+    }
+
+    /// The LLVM object reference.
+    pub fn inner(&self) -> inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx> {
+        self.inner
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the EVM data reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the EVM data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn evm(&self) -> &EVMLAData {
+        self.evmla_data
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The EVM data must have been initialized")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the EVM data mutable reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the EVM data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn evm_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EVMLAData {
+        self.evmla_data
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("The EVM data must have been initialized")
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//! The LLVM function declaration.
+
+/// The LLVM function declaration.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Declaration<'ctx> {
+    /// The function type.
+    pub r#type: inkwell::types::FunctionType<'ctx>,
+    /// The function value.
+    pub value: inkwell::values::FunctionValue<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Declaration<'ctx> {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(
+        r#type: inkwell::types::FunctionType<'ctx>,
+        value: inkwell::values::FunctionValue<'ctx>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self { r#type, value }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//! The LLVM function EVM legacy assembly data.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::block::evmla_data::key::Key as BlockKey;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::block::Block;
+
+/// The LLVM function EVM legacy assembly data.
+/// Describes some data that is only relevant to the EVM legacy assembly.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct EVMLAData<'ctx> {
+    /// The ordinary blocks with numeric tags.
+    /// Is only used by the Solidity EVM compiler.
+    pub blocks: BTreeMap<BlockKey, Vec<Block<'ctx>>>,
+    /// The function stack size.
+    pub stack_size: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> EVMLAData<'ctx> {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(stack_size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            blocks: BTreeMap::new(),
+            stack_size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Inserts a function block.
+    pub fn insert_block(&mut self, key: BlockKey, block: Block<'ctx>) {
+        if let Some(blocks) = self.blocks.get_mut(&key) {
+            blocks.push(block);
+        } else {
+            self.blocks.insert(key, vec![block]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the block with the specified tag and initial stack pattern.
+    /// If there is only one block, it is returned unconditionally.
+    pub fn find_block(
+        &self,
+        key: &BlockKey,
+        stack_hash: &md5::Digest,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<Block<'ctx>> {
+        if self
+            .blocks
+            .get(key)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Undeclared function block {}", key))?
+            .len()
+            == 1
+        {
+            return self
+                .blocks
+                .get(key)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Undeclared function block {}", key))?
+                .first()
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Undeclared function block {}", key));
+        }
+
+        self.blocks
+            .get(key)
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Undeclared function block {}", key))?
+            .iter()
+            .find(|block| {
+                block
+                    .evm()
+                    .stack_hashes
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|hash| hash == stack_hash)
+            })
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Undeclared function block {}", key))
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//! The LLVM intrinsic functions.
+
+use inkwell::types::BasicType;
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::declaration::Declaration as FunctionDeclaration;
+
+/// The LLVM intrinsic functions, implemented in the LLVM back-end.
+/// Most of them are translated directly into bytecode instructions.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Intrinsics<'ctx> {
+    /// The trap.
+    pub trap: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// Performs endianness swaps on i256 values
+    pub byte_swap_word: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// Performs endianness swaps on i160 values
+    pub byte_swap_eth_address: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Intrinsics<'ctx> {
+    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_TRAP: &'static str = "llvm.trap";
+
+    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_WORD: &'static str = "llvm.bswap.i256";
+
+    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_ETH_ADDRESS: &'static str = "llvm.bswap.i160";
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let void_type = llvm.void_type();
+        let word_type = llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32);
+        let address_type = llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS as u32);
+
+        let trap = Self::declare(
+            llvm,
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_TRAP,
+            void_type.fn_type(&[], false),
+        );
+        let byte_swap_word = Self::declare(
+            llvm,
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_WORD,
+            word_type.fn_type(&[word_type.as_basic_type_enum().into()], false),
+        );
+        let byte_swap_eth_address = Self::declare(
+            llvm,
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_ETH_ADDRESS,
+            address_type.fn_type(&[address_type.as_basic_type_enum().into()], false),
+        );
+
+        Self {
+            trap,
+            byte_swap_word,
+            byte_swap_eth_address,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Finds the specified LLVM intrinsic function in the target and returns its declaration.
+    pub fn declare(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+        r#type: inkwell::types::FunctionType<'ctx>,
+    ) -> FunctionDeclaration<'ctx> {
+        let intrinsic = inkwell::intrinsics::Intrinsic::find(name)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Intrinsic function `{name}` does not exist"));
+        let argument_types = Self::argument_types(llvm, name);
+        let value = intrinsic
+            .get_declaration(module, argument_types.as_slice())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Intrinsic function `{name}` declaration error"));
+        FunctionDeclaration::new(r#type, value)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the LLVM types for selecting via the signature.
+    pub fn argument_types(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Vec<inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum<'ctx>> {
+        let word_type = llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32);
+
+        match name {
+            name if name == Self::FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_WORD => vec![word_type.as_basic_type_enum()],
+            name if name == Self::FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_ETH_ADDRESS => {
+                vec![llvm
+                    .custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS as u32)
+                    .as_basic_type_enum()]
+            }
+            _ => vec![],
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//! The LLVM runtime functions.
+
+use inkwell::types::BasicType;
+
+use crate::optimizer::Optimizer;
+use crate::polkavm::context::address_space::AddressSpace;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::declaration::Declaration as FunctionDeclaration;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::Function;
+
+/// The runtime functions, implemented on the LLVM side.
+/// The functions are automatically linked to the LLVM implementations if the signatures match.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub add_mod: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub mul_mod: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub exp: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub sign_extend: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub sha3: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_ADDMOD: &'static str = "__addmod";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_MULMOD: &'static str = "__mulmod";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_EXP: &'static str = "__exp";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_SIGNEXTEND: &'static str = "__signextend";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_SHA3: &'static str = "__sha3";
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
+        optimizer: &Optimizer,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let add_mod =
+            Self::define(module, Self::FUNCTION_ADDMOD).expect("should be declared in stdlib");
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, add_mod, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, add_mod);
+
+        let mul_mod =
+            Self::define(module, Self::FUNCTION_MULMOD).expect("should be declared in stdlib");
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, mul_mod, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, mul_mod);
+
+        let exp = Self::define(module, Self::FUNCTION_EXP).expect("should be declared in stdlib");
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, exp, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, exp);
+
+        let sign_extend =
+            Self::define(module, Self::FUNCTION_SIGNEXTEND).expect("should be declared in stdlib");
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, sign_extend, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, sign_extend);
+
+        let sha3 = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_SHA3,
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .fn_type(
+                    vec![
+                        llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Heap.into())
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_BOOLEAN as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                    ]
+                    .as_slice(),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, sha3, optimizer);
+        Function::set_attributes(
+            llvm,
+            sha3,
+            //vec![Attribute::ArgMemOnly, Attribute::ReadOnly],
+            vec![],
+            false,
+        );
+
+        Self {
+            add_mod,
+            mul_mod,
+            exp,
+            sign_extend,
+
+            sha3,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Declares an LLVM runtime function in the `module`,
+    pub fn declare(
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+        r#type: inkwell::types::FunctionType<'ctx>,
+        linkage: Option<inkwell::module::Linkage>,
+    ) -> FunctionDeclaration<'ctx> {
+        let value = module.add_function(name, r#type, linkage);
+        FunctionDeclaration::new(r#type, value)
+    }
+
+    /// Create the function definition from an existing symbol.
+    pub fn define(
+        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
+        name: &str,
+    ) -> Option<FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>> {
+        let value = module.get_function(name)?;
+        value.set_linkage(inkwell::module::Linkage::External);
+        FunctionDeclaration::new(value.get_type(), value).into()
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+//! The LLVM IR generator function.
+
+pub mod block;
+pub mod declaration;
+pub mod evmla_data;
+pub mod intrinsics;
+pub mod llvm_runtime;
+pub mod r#return;
+pub mod runtime;
+pub mod yul_data;
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::optimizer::settings::size_level::SizeLevel;
+use crate::optimizer::Optimizer;
+use crate::polkavm::context::attribute::Attribute;
+use crate::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer;
+
+use self::declaration::Declaration;
+use self::evmla_data::EVMLAData;
+use self::r#return::Return;
+use self::yul_data::YulData;
+
+/// The LLVM IR generator function.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Function<'ctx> {
+    /// The high-level source code name.
+    name: String,
+    /// The LLVM function declaration.
+    declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The stack representation.
+    stack: HashMap<String, Pointer<'ctx>>,
+    /// The return value entity.
+    r#return: Return<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The entry block. Each LLVM IR functions must have an entry block.
+    entry_block: inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx>,
+    /// The return/leave block. LLVM IR functions may have multiple returning blocks, but it is
+    /// more reasonable to have a single returning block and other high-level language returns
+    /// jumping to it. This way it is easier to implement some additional checks and clean-ups
+    /// before the returning.
+    return_block: inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The Yul compiler data.
+    yul_data: Option<YulData>,
+    /// The EVM legacy assembly compiler data.
+    evmla_data: Option<EVMLAData<'ctx>>,
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {
+    /// The stack hashmap default capacity.
+    const STACK_HASHMAP_INITIAL_CAPACITY: usize = 64;
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(
+        name: String,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+        r#return: Return<'ctx>,
+
+        entry_block: inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx>,
+        return_block: inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            declaration,
+            stack: HashMap::with_capacity(Self::STACK_HASHMAP_INITIAL_CAPACITY),
+            r#return,
+
+            entry_block,
+            return_block,
+
+            yul_data: None,
+            evmla_data: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the function name reference.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.name.as_str()
+    }
+
+    /// Checks whether the function is defined outside of the front-end.
+    pub fn is_name_external(name: &str) -> bool {
+        name.starts_with("llvm.")
+            || (name.starts_with("__")
+                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY
+                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE
+                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE
+                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the LLVM function declaration.
+    pub fn declaration(&self) -> Declaration<'ctx> {
+        self.declaration
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the N-th parameter of the function.
+    pub fn get_nth_param(&self, index: usize) -> inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
+        self.declaration()
+            .value
+            .get_nth_param(index as u32)
+            .expect("Always exists")
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the memory writer function attributes.
+    pub fn set_attributes(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+        attributes: Vec<Attribute>,
+        force: bool,
+    ) {
+        for attribute_kind in attributes.into_iter() {
+            match attribute_kind {
+                Attribute::Memory => unimplemented!("`memory` attributes are not implemented"),
+                attribute_kind @ Attribute::AlwaysInline if force => {
+                    let is_optimize_none_set = declaration
+                        .value
+                        .get_enum_attribute(
+                            inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                            Attribute::OptimizeNone as u32,
+                        )
+                        .is_some();
+                    if !is_optimize_none_set {
+                        declaration.value.remove_enum_attribute(
+                            inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                            Attribute::NoInline as u32,
+                        );
+                        declaration.value.add_attribute(
+                            inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                            llvm.create_enum_attribute(attribute_kind as u32, 0),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                attribute_kind @ Attribute::NoInline if force => {
+                    declaration.value.remove_enum_attribute(
+                        inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                        Attribute::AlwaysInline as u32,
+                    );
+                    declaration.value.add_attribute(
+                        inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                        llvm.create_enum_attribute(attribute_kind as u32, 0),
+                    );
+                }
+                attribute_kind => declaration.value.add_attribute(
+                    inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                    llvm.create_enum_attribute(attribute_kind as u32, 0),
+                ),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Remove specified attributes existing on the given declaration.
+    pub fn remove_attributes(declaration: Declaration, attributes: &[Attribute]) {
+        for attribute in attributes.iter().filter(|attribute| {
+            declaration
+                .value
+                .get_enum_attribute(
+                    inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                    **attribute as u32,
+                )
+                .is_some()
+        }) {
+            declaration.value.remove_enum_attribute(
+                inkwell::attributes::AttributeLoc::Function,
+                *attribute as u32,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the default attributes.
+    /// The attributes only affect the LLVM optimizations.
+    pub fn set_default_attributes(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+        optimizer: &Optimizer,
+    ) {
+        if optimizer.settings().level_middle_end == inkwell::OptimizationLevel::None {
+            Self::remove_attributes(
+                declaration,
+                &[Attribute::OptimizeForSize, Attribute::AlwaysInline],
+            );
+            Self::set_attributes(
+                llvm,
+                declaration,
+                vec![Attribute::OptimizeNone, Attribute::NoInline],
+                false,
+            );
+        } else if optimizer.settings().level_middle_end_size == SizeLevel::Z {
+            Self::set_attributes(
+                llvm,
+                declaration,
+                vec![Attribute::OptimizeForSize, Attribute::MinSize],
+                false,
+            );
+        }
+
+        Self::set_attributes(llvm, declaration, vec![Attribute::NoFree], false);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the front-end runtime attributes.
+    pub fn set_frontend_runtime_attributes(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+        optimizer: &Optimizer,
+    ) {
+        if optimizer.settings().level_middle_end_size == SizeLevel::Z {
+            Self::set_attributes(llvm, declaration, vec![Attribute::NoInline], false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the exception handler attributes.
+    pub fn set_exception_handler_attributes(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+    ) {
+        Self::set_attributes(llvm, declaration, vec![Attribute::NoInline], false);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the CXA-throw attributes.
+    pub fn set_cxa_throw_attributes(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+    ) {
+        Self::set_attributes(llvm, declaration, vec![Attribute::NoProfile], false);
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the pure function attributes.
+    pub fn set_pure_function_attributes(
+        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
+        declaration: Declaration<'ctx>,
+    ) {
+        Self::set_attributes(
+            llvm,
+            declaration,
+            vec![
+                Attribute::MustProgress,
+                Attribute::NoUnwind,
+                Attribute::WillReturn,
+            ],
+            false,
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Saves the pointer to a stack variable, returning the pointer to the shadowed variable,
+    /// if it exists.
+    pub fn insert_stack_pointer(
+        &mut self,
+        name: String,
+        pointer: Pointer<'ctx>,
+    ) -> Option<Pointer<'ctx>> {
+        self.stack.insert(name, pointer)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the pointer to a stack variable.
+    pub fn get_stack_pointer(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Pointer<'ctx>> {
+        self.stack.get(name).copied()
+    }
+
+    /// Removes the pointer to a stack variable.
+    pub fn remove_stack_pointer(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        self.stack.remove(name);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the return entity representation.
+    pub fn r#return(&self) -> Return<'ctx> {
+        self.r#return
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the pointer to the function return value.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the pointer has not been set yet.
+    pub fn return_pointer(&self) -> Option<Pointer<'ctx>> {
+        self.r#return.return_pointer()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the return data size in bytes, based on the default stack alignment.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the pointer has not been set yet.
+    pub fn return_data_size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.r#return.return_data_size()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the function entry block.
+    pub fn entry_block(&self) -> inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx> {
+        self.entry_block
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the function return block.
+    pub fn return_block(&self) -> inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock<'ctx> {
+        self.return_block
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the EVM legacy assembly data.
+    pub fn set_evmla_data(&mut self, data: EVMLAData<'ctx>) {
+        self.evmla_data = Some(data);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the EVM legacy assembly data reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the EVM data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn evmla(&self) -> &EVMLAData<'ctx> {
+        self.evmla_data
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The EVM data must have been initialized")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the EVM legacy assembly data mutable reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the EVM data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn evmla_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EVMLAData<'ctx> {
+        self.evmla_data
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("The EVM data must have been initialized")
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the Yul data.
+    pub fn set_yul_data(&mut self, data: YulData) {
+        self.yul_data = Some(data);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Yul data reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the Yul data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn yul(&self) -> &YulData {
+        self.yul_data
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The Yul data must have been initialized")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Yul data mutable reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the Yul data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn yul_mut(&mut self) -> &mut YulData {
+        self.yul_data
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("The Yul data must have been initialized")
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//! The LLVM IR generator function return entity.
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer;
+
+/// The LLVM IR generator function return entity.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Return<'ctx> {
+    /// The function does not return a value.
+    None,
+    /// The function returns a primitive value.
+    Primitive {
+        /// The primitive value pointer allocated at the function entry.
+        pointer: Pointer<'ctx>,
+    },
+    /// The function returns a compound value.
+    /// In this case, the return pointer is allocated on the stack by the callee.
+    Compound {
+        /// The structure pointer allocated at the function entry.
+        pointer: Pointer<'ctx>,
+        /// The function return type size.
+        size: usize,
+    },
+}
+
+impl<'ctx> Return<'ctx> {
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn none() -> Self {
+        Self::None
+    }
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn primitive(pointer: Pointer<'ctx>) -> Self {
+        Self::Primitive { pointer }
+    }
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn compound(pointer: Pointer<'ctx>, size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self::Compound { pointer, size }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the pointer to the function return value.
+    pub fn return_pointer(&self) -> Option<Pointer<'ctx>> {
+        match self {
+            Return::None => None,
+            Return::Primitive { pointer } => Some(pointer.to_owned()),
+            Return::Compound { pointer, .. } => Some(pointer.to_owned()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the return data size in bytes, based on the default stack alignment.
+    pub fn return_data_size(&self) -> usize {
+        revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD
+            * match self {
+                Self::None => 0,
+                Self::Primitive { .. } => 1,
+                Self::Compound { size, .. } => *size,
+            }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//! The deploy code function.
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::code_type::CodeType;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::Context;
+use crate::polkavm::Dependency;
+use crate::polkavm::WriteLLVM;
+
+/// The deploy code function.
+/// Is a special function that is only used by the front-end generated code.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DeployCode<B, D>
+where
+    B: WriteLLVM<D>,
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    /// The deploy code AST representation.
+    inner: B,
+    /// The `D` phantom data.
+    _pd: PhantomData<D>,
+}
+
+impl<B, D> DeployCode<B, D>
+where
+    B: WriteLLVM<D>,
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(inner: B) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            _pd: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B, D> WriteLLVM<D> for DeployCode<B, D>
+where
+    B: WriteLLVM<D>,
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    fn declare(&mut self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let function_type = context.function_type::<inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum>(vec![], 0);
+        context.add_function(
+            runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE,
+            function_type,
+            0,
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        )?;
+
+        self.inner.declare(context)
+    }
+
+    fn into_llvm(self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        context.set_current_function(runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE)?;
+
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().entry_block());
+        context.set_code_type(CodeType::Deploy);
+
+        self.inner.into_llvm(context)?;
+        match context
+            .basic_block()
+            .get_last_instruction()
+            .map(|instruction| instruction.get_opcode())
+        {
+            Some(inkwell::values::InstructionOpcode::Br) => {}
+            Some(inkwell::values::InstructionOpcode::Switch) => {}
+            _ => context
+                .build_unconditional_branch(context.current_function().borrow().return_block()),
+        }
+
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+        context.build_return(None);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+//! The entry function.
+
+use inkwell::types::BasicType;
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::address_space::AddressSpace;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::Context;
+use crate::polkavm::Dependency;
+use crate::polkavm::WriteLLVM;
+
+/// The entry function.
+/// The function is a wrapper managing the runtime and deploy code calling logic.
+/// Is a special runtime function that is only used by the front-end generated code.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Entry {}
+
+impl Entry {
+    /// The call flags argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_CALL_FLAGS: usize = 0;
+
+    /// Reserve 1kb for calldata.
+    pub const MAX_CALLDATA_SIZE: usize = 1024;
+
+    /// Initializes the global variables.
+    /// The pointers are not initialized, because it's not possible to create a null pointer.
+    pub fn initialize_globals<D>(context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()>
+    where
+        D: Dependency + Clone,
+    {
+        let calldata_type = context.array_type(context.byte_type(), Self::MAX_CALLDATA_SIZE);
+        context.set_global(
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_CALLDATA_POINTER,
+            calldata_type,
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+            calldata_type.get_undef(),
+        );
+
+        context.set_global(
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_HEAP_MEMORY_POINTER,
+            context.llvm().ptr_type(AddressSpace::Heap.into()),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+            context.xlen_type().get_undef(),
+        );
+        context.build_store(
+            context
+                .get_global(crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_HEAP_MEMORY_POINTER)?
+                .into(),
+            context.build_sbrk(
+                context.xlen_type().const_zero(),
+                context.xlen_type().const_zero(),
+            )?,
+        )?;
+
+        context.set_global(
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_CALLDATA_SIZE,
+            context.word_type(),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+            context.word_undef(),
+        );
+
+        context.set_global(
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_CALL_FLAGS,
+            context.word_type(),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+            context.word_const(0),
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Load the calldata via seal `input` and initialize the calldata end
+    /// and calldata size globals.
+    pub fn load_calldata<D>(context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()>
+    where
+        D: Dependency + Clone,
+    {
+        let input_pointer = context
+            .get_global(crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_CALLDATA_POINTER)?
+            .value
+            .as_pointer_value();
+        let input_pointer_casted = context.builder.build_ptr_to_int(
+            input_pointer,
+            context.xlen_type(),
+            "input_pointer_casted",
+        )?;
+
+        let length_pointer = context.build_alloca_at_entry(context.xlen_type(), "len_ptr");
+        let length_pointer_casted = context.builder.build_ptr_to_int(
+            length_pointer.value,
+            context.xlen_type(),
+            "length_pointer_casted",
+        )?;
+
+        context.build_store(
+            length_pointer,
+            context.integer_const(crate::polkavm::XLEN, Self::MAX_CALLDATA_SIZE as u64),
+        )?;
+        context.build_runtime_call(
+            revive_runtime_api::polkavm_imports::INPUT,
+            &[input_pointer_casted.into(), length_pointer_casted.into()],
+        );
+
+        // Store the calldata size
+        let calldata_size = context
+            .build_load(length_pointer, "input_size")?
+            .into_int_value();
+        let calldata_size_casted = context.builder().build_int_z_extend(
+            calldata_size,
+            context.word_type(),
+            "zext_input_len",
+        )?;
+        context.set_global(
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_CALLDATA_SIZE,
+            context.word_type(),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+            calldata_size_casted,
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Calls the deploy code if the first function argument was `1`.
+    /// Calls the runtime code otherwise.
+    pub fn leave_entry<D>(context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()>
+    where
+        D: Dependency + Clone,
+    {
+        let is_deploy = context
+            .current_function()
+            .borrow()
+            .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_CALL_FLAGS);
+
+        context.set_global(
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_CALL_FLAGS,
+            is_deploy.get_type(),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+            is_deploy.into_int_value(),
+        );
+
+        let deploy_code_call_block = context.append_basic_block("deploy_code_call_block");
+        let runtime_code_call_block = context.append_basic_block("runtime_code_call_block");
+
+        context.build_conditional_branch(
+            is_deploy.into_int_value(),
+            deploy_code_call_block,
+            runtime_code_call_block,
+        )?;
+
+        let deploy_code = context
+            .functions
+            .get(runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Contract deploy code not found"))?;
+        let runtime_code = context
+            .functions
+            .get(runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Contract runtime code not found"))?;
+
+        context.set_basic_block(deploy_code_call_block);
+        context.build_call(deploy_code.borrow().declaration, &[], "deploy_code_call");
+        context.build_unconditional_branch(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+
+        context.set_basic_block(runtime_code_call_block);
+        context.build_call(runtime_code.borrow().declaration, &[], "runtime_code_call");
+        context.build_unconditional_branch(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D> WriteLLVM<D> for Entry
+where
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    fn declare(&mut self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let entry_arguments = vec![context.bool_type().as_basic_type_enum()];
+        let entry_function_type = context.function_type(entry_arguments, 0);
+        context.add_function(
+            runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY,
+            entry_function_type,
+            0,
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        )?;
+
+        context.declare_global(
+            revive_runtime_api::immutable_data::GLOBAL_IMMUTABLE_DATA_POINTER,
+            context.word_type().array_type(0),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+        );
+
+        context.declare_global(
+            revive_runtime_api::immutable_data::GLOBAL_IMMUTABLE_DATA_SIZE,
+            context.xlen_type(),
+            AddressSpace::Stack,
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Instead of a single entrypoint, the runtime expects two exports: `call ` and `deploy`.
+    /// `call` and `deploy` directly call `entry`, signaling a deploy if the first arg is `1`.
+    /// The `entry` function loads calldata, sets globals and calls the runtime or deploy code.
+    fn into_llvm(self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let entry = context
+            .get_function(runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY)
+            .expect("the entry function should already be declared")
+            .borrow()
+            .declaration;
+        crate::PolkaVMFunction::set_attributes(
+            context.llvm(),
+            entry,
+            vec![crate::PolkaVMAttribute::NoReturn],
+            true,
+        );
+
+        context.set_current_function(runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY)?;
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().entry_block());
+
+        Self::initialize_globals(context)?;
+        Self::load_calldata(context)?;
+        Self::leave_entry(context)?;
+
+        context.build_unconditional_branch(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+        context.build_unreachable();
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+//! The immutable data runtime function.
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::address_space::AddressSpace;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer;
+use crate::polkavm::context::Context;
+use crate::polkavm::Dependency;
+use crate::polkavm::WriteLLVM;
+
+/// A function for requesting the immutable data from the runtime.
+/// This is a special function that is only used by the front-end generated code.
+///
+/// The runtime API is called lazily and subsequent calls are no-ops.
+///
+/// The bytes written is asserted to match the expected length.
+/// This should never fail; the length is known.
+/// However, this is a one time assertion, hence worth it.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ImmutableDataLoad;
+
+impl<D> WriteLLVM<D> for ImmutableDataLoad
+where
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    fn declare(&mut self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        context.add_function(
+            runtime::FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA,
+            context.void_type().fn_type(Default::default(), false),
+            0,
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::Private),
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn into_llvm(self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        context.set_current_function(runtime::FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA)?;
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().entry_block());
+
+        let immutable_data_size_pointer = context
+            .get_global(revive_runtime_api::immutable_data::GLOBAL_IMMUTABLE_DATA_SIZE)?
+            .value
+            .as_pointer_value();
+        let immutable_data_size = context.build_load(
+            Pointer::new(
+                context.xlen_type(),
+                AddressSpace::Stack,
+                immutable_data_size_pointer,
+            ),
+            "immutable_data_size_load",
+        )?;
+
+        let load_immutable_data_block = context.append_basic_block("load_immutables_block");
+        let return_block = context.current_function().borrow().return_block();
+        let immutable_data_size_is_zero = context.builder().build_int_compare(
+            inkwell::IntPredicate::EQ,
+            context.xlen_type().const_zero(),
+            immutable_data_size.into_int_value(),
+            "immutable_data_size_is_zero",
+        )?;
+        context.build_conditional_branch(
+            immutable_data_size_is_zero,
+            return_block,
+            load_immutable_data_block,
+        )?;
+
+        context.set_basic_block(load_immutable_data_block);
+        let output_pointer = context
+            .get_global(revive_runtime_api::immutable_data::GLOBAL_IMMUTABLE_DATA_POINTER)?
+            .value
+            .as_pointer_value();
+        context.build_runtime_call(
+            revive_runtime_api::polkavm_imports::GET_IMMUTABLE_DATA,
+            &[
+                context
+                    .builder()
+                    .build_ptr_to_int(output_pointer, context.xlen_type(), "ptr_to_xlen")?
+                    .into(),
+                context
+                    .builder()
+                    .build_ptr_to_int(
+                        immutable_data_size_pointer,
+                        context.xlen_type(),
+                        "ptr_to_xlen",
+                    )?
+                    .into(),
+            ],
+        );
+        let bytes_written = context.builder().build_load(
+            context.xlen_type(),
+            immutable_data_size_pointer,
+            "bytes_written",
+        )?;
+        context.builder().build_store(
+            immutable_data_size_pointer,
+            context.xlen_type().const_zero(),
+        )?;
+        let overflow_block = context.append_basic_block("immutable_data_overflow");
+        let is_overflow = context.builder().build_int_compare(
+            inkwell::IntPredicate::UGT,
+            immutable_data_size.into_int_value(),
+            bytes_written.into_int_value(),
+            "is_overflow",
+        )?;
+        context.build_conditional_branch(is_overflow, overflow_block, return_block)?;
+
+        context.set_basic_block(overflow_block);
+        context.build_call(context.intrinsics().trap, &[], "invalid_trap");
+        context.build_unreachable();
+
+        context.set_basic_block(return_block);
+        context.build_return(None);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//! The front-end runtime functions.
+
+pub mod deploy_code;
+pub mod entry;
+pub mod immutable_data_load;
+pub mod runtime_code;
+
+/// The main entry function name.
+pub const FUNCTION_ENTRY: &str = "__entry";
+
+/// The deploy code function name.
+pub const FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE: &str = "__deploy";
+
+/// The runtime code function name.
+pub const FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE: &str = "__runtime";
+
+/// The immutable data load function name.
+pub const FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA: &str = "__immutable_data_load";
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//! The runtime code function.
+
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::code_type::CodeType;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::Context;
+use crate::polkavm::Dependency;
+use crate::polkavm::WriteLLVM;
+
+/// The runtime code function.
+/// Is a special function that is only used by the front-end generated code.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RuntimeCode<B, D>
+where
+    B: WriteLLVM<D>,
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    /// The runtime code AST representation.
+    inner: B,
+    /// The `D` phantom data.
+    _pd: PhantomData<D>,
+}
+
+impl<B, D> RuntimeCode<B, D>
+where
+    B: WriteLLVM<D>,
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(inner: B) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner,
+            _pd: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B, D> WriteLLVM<D> for RuntimeCode<B, D>
+where
+    B: WriteLLVM<D>,
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    fn declare(&mut self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let function_type = context.function_type::<inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum>(vec![], 0);
+        context.add_function(
+            runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE,
+            function_type,
+            0,
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        )?;
+
+        self.inner.declare(context)
+    }
+
+    fn into_llvm(self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        context.set_current_function(runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE)?;
+
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().entry_block());
+        context.set_code_type(CodeType::Runtime);
+        self.inner.into_llvm(context)?;
+        match context
+            .basic_block()
+            .get_last_instruction()
+            .map(|instruction| instruction.get_opcode())
+        {
+            Some(inkwell::values::InstructionOpcode::Br) => {}
+            Some(inkwell::values::InstructionOpcode::Switch) => {}
+            _ => context
+                .build_unconditional_branch(context.current_function().borrow().return_block()),
+        }
+
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+        context.build_unreachable();
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/compiler_rt.rs"));`