events fn

Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>
truncate to xlen fn
2026-06-14 19:11:04 +00:00 · 2024-05-14 11:00:05 +02:00 · 2024-05-14 10:59:39 +02:00
224 changed files with 7132 additions and 17910 deletions
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-name: Build revive-debian
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-env:
-  REVIVE_DEBIAN_PACKAGE: revive-debian-x86
-  DEBIAN_CONTAINER: revive-builder-debian-x86
-  DEBIAN_CONTAINER_BUILDER: build-debian-builder.sh
-  DEBIAN_CONTAINER_RUNNER: run-debian-builder.sh
-  REVIVE_DEBIAN_INSTALL: ${{ github.workspace }}/target/release
-  REVIVE_DEBIAN_BINARY: resolc
-  RUST_VERSION: "1.80"
-
-jobs:
-  build-revive-debian-x86:
-    name: debian-container-x86
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: build-container
-        run: |
-          (cd utils && ./${{ env.DEBIAN_CONTAINER_BUILDER}} --build-arg RUST_VERSION=${{ env.RUST_VERSION}} . )
-
-      - name: build-revive-debian
-        run: |
-          rustup show
-          cargo --version
-          rustup +nightly show
-          cargo +nightly --version
-          bash --version
-          utils/${{ env.DEBIAN_CONTAINER_RUNNER }} utils/build-revive.sh -o ${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_INSTALL}}
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: ${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_PACKAGE }}
-          path: ${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_INSTALL }}/${{ env.REVIVE_DEBIAN_BINARY }}
-          retention-days: 1
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-name: Build revive-wasm
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["main"]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: ["main"]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-env:
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  REVIVE_WASM_INSTALL_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/target/wasm32-unknown-emscripten/release
-  EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION: 3.1.64
-
-jobs:
-  build-revive-wasm:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Cache LLVM build
-        id: cache-llvm
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: |
-            llvm18.0-emscripten
-          # Use a unique key based on LLVM version or configuration files to avoid cache invalidation
-          key: llvm-build-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('clone-llvm.sh', 'emscripten-build-llvm.sh') }}
-
-      - name: Install Dependencies
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y cmake ninja-build libncurses5
-          rustup target add wasm32-unknown-emscripten
-          # Install LLVM required for the compiler runtime, runtime-api and stdlib
-          curl -sSL --output llvm.tar.xz https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-18.1.4/clang+llvm-18.1.4-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.xz
-          tar Jxf llvm.tar.xz
-          mv clang+llvm-18.1.4-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04 llvm18/
-          echo "$(pwd)/llvm18/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-          # Install Emscripten
-          git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
-          cd emsdk
-          ./emsdk install ${{ env.EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION }}
-          ./emsdk activate ${{ env.EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION }}
-
-      - run: |
-          rustup show
-          cargo --version
-          rustup +nightly show
-          cargo +nightly --version
-          cmake --version
-          bash --version
-          llvm-config --version
-
-      - name: Build LLVM
-        if: steps.cache-llvm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          export EMSDK_ROOT=${PWD}/emsdk
-          ./emscripten-build-llvm.sh
-
-      - name: Use Cached LLVM
-        if: steps.cache-llvm.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: |
-          echo "Using cached LLVM"
-
-      - name: Build revive
-        run: |
-          export LLVM_LINK_PREFIX=${PWD}/llvm18.0-emscripten
-          source ./emsdk/emsdk_env.sh
-          make install-wasm
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: revive-wasm
-          path: |
-            ${{ env.REVIVE_WASM_INSTALL_DIR }}/resolc.js
-            ${{ env.REVIVE_WASM_INSTALL_DIR }}/resolc.wasm
-          retention-days: 1
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-name: Build
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ["main"]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: ["main"]
-
-env:
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-
-jobs:
-  build-ubuntu-x86:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Install solc
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p solc
-          curl -sSL --output solc/solc https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/releases/download/v0.8.28/solc-static-linux
-          chmod +x solc/solc
-          echo "$(pwd)/solc/" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - name: Install LLVM
-        run: |
-          curl -sSL --output llvm.tar.xz https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-18.1.4/clang+llvm-18.1.4-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04.tar.xz
-          tar Jxf llvm.tar.xz
-          mv clang+llvm-18.1.4-x86_64-linux-gnu-ubuntu-18.04 llvm18/
-          echo "$(pwd)/llvm18/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - name: Install apt dependencies
-        run: |
-          sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install -y libtinfo5 ethereum
-
-      - name: Format
-        run: make format
-
-      - name: Clippy
-        run: make clippy
-
-      - name: Test cargo workspace
-        run: make test-workspace
-
-      - name: Test CLI
-        run: make test-cli
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: ${{ github.job }}-resolc
-          path: ./target/release/resolc
-          retention-days: 1
@@ -8,11 +8,7 @@
 /*.s
 /llvm-project
 /llvm18.0
-/llvm18.0-emscripten
 node_modules
 artifacts
 tmp
-package-lock.json
-/*.html
-/build
-soljson.js
+package-lock.json
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-# Changelog
-
-## Unreleased
-
-## v0.1.0-dev.7
-
-This is a development pre-release.
-
-### Added
- Implement the `GASPRICE` opcode.
- Implement the `BASEFEE` opcode.
- Implement the `GASLIMIT` opcode.
-
-### Changed
- The `GAS` opcode now returns the remaining `ref_time`.
- Contracts can now be supplied call data input of arbitrary size.
- Some syscalls now return the value in a register, slightly improving  emitted contract code.
- Calls forward maximum weight limits instead of 0, anticipating a change in polkadot-sdk where weight limits of 0 no longer interprets as uncapped limit.
-
-### Fixed
- A linker bug which was preventing certain contracts from linking with the PVM linker. 
- JS: Fix encoding conversion from JS string (UTF-16) to UTF-8.
- The git commit hash slug is always displayed in the version string. 
-
-## v0.1.0-dev.6
-
-This is a development pre-release.
-
-# Added
- Implement the `BLOCKHASH` opcode.
- Implement delegate calls.
- Implement the `GASPRICE` opcode. Currently hard-coded to return `1`.
- The ELF shared object contract artifact is dumped into the debug output directory.
- Initial support for emitting debug info (opt in via the `-g` flag)
-
-# Changed
- resolc now emits 64bit PolkaVM blobs, reducing contract code size and execution time.
- The RISC-V bit-manipulation target feature (`zbb`) is enabled.
-
-# Fixed
- Compilation to Wasm (for usage in node and web browsers)
-
-
-## v0.1.0-dev.5
-
-This is development pre-release.
-
-# Added
- Implement the `CODESIZE` and `EXTCODESIZE` opcodes.
-
-# Changed
- Include the full revive version in the contract metadata.
-
-# Fixed
-
-## v0.1.0-dev-4
-
-This is development pre-release.
-
-# Added
- Support the `ORIGIN` opcode.
-
-# Changed
- Update polkavm to `v0.14.0`.
- Enable the `a`, `fast-unaligned-access` and `xtheadcondmov` LLVM target features, decreasing the code size for some contracts.
-
-# Fixed
@@ -2,31 +2,7 @@
 resolver = "2"
 members = ["crates/*"]

-[workspace.package]
-version = "0.1.0-dev.7"
-authors = [
-    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
-    "Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>",
-]
-license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
-edition = "2021"
-repository = "https://github.com/paritytech/revive"
-rust-version = "1.80.0"
-
 [workspace.dependencies]
-revive-benchmarks = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/benchmarks" }
-revive-builtins = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/builtins" }
-revive-common = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/common" }
-revive-differential = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/differential" }
-revive-integration = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/integration" }
-revive-linker = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/linker" }
-lld-sys = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/lld-sys" }
-revive-llvm-context = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/llvm-context" }
-revive-runtime-api = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/runtime-api" }
-revive-runner = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/runner" }
-revive-solidity = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/solidity" }
-revive-stdlib = { version = "0.1.0-dev.7", path = "crates/stdlib" }
-
 hex = "0.4"
 petgraph = "0.6"
 cc = "1.0"
@@ -49,35 +25,29 @@ thiserror = "1.0"
 which = "5.0"
 path-slash = "0.2"
 rayon = "1.8"
-clap = { version = "4", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
+structopt = { version = "0.3", default-features = false }
 rand = "0.8"
-polkavm-common = "0.18"
-polkavm-linker = "0.18"
-polkavm-disassembler = "0.18"
-polkavm = "0.18"
-alloy-primitives = { version = "0.8", features = ["serde"] }
-alloy-sol-types = "0.8"
-alloy-genesis = "0.3"
-alloy-serde = "0.3"
+polkavm-common = { git = "https://github.com/koute/polkavm.git", rev = "266658b" } 
+polkavm-linker = { git = "https://github.com/koute/polkavm.git", rev = "266658b" } 
+polkavm-disassembler = { git = "https://github.com/koute/polkavm.git", rev = "266658b" }
+polkavm = { git = "https://github.com/koute/polkavm.git", rev = "266658b" } 
+alloy-primitives = "0.6"
+alloy-sol-types = "0.6"
 env_logger = { version = "0.10.0", default-features = false }
 serde_stacker = "0.1"
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] }
-log = { version = "0.4" }
-git2 = "0.19.0"

-# polkadot-sdk and friends
-codec = { version = "3.6.12", default-features = false, package = "parity-scale-codec" }
-scale-info = { version = "2.11.1", default-features = false }
-polkadot-sdk = { git = "https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk", rev = "243b751abbb94369bbd92c83d8ab159ddfc3c556" }
+# Benchmarking against EVM
+primitive-types = { version = "0.12", features = ["codec"] }
+evm-interpreter = { git = "https://github.com/xermicus/evm.git", branch = "separate-compilation" }

-# llvm
 [workspace.dependencies.inkwell]
 git = "https://github.com/TheDan64/inkwell.git"
-rev = "7b410298b6a93450adaa90b1841d5805a3038f12"
+commit = "d916c66"
 default-features = false
 features = ["serde", "llvm18-0", "no-libffi-linking", "target-riscv"]

-[profile.bench]
+[profile.benchmark]
 inherits = "release"
 lto = true
 codegen-units = 1
@@ -1,21 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: install format test test-solidity test-cli test-integration test-workspace clean docs docs-build
-
-RUSTFLAGS_EMSCRIPTEN := \
-	-C link-arg=-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=_main,_free,_malloc \
-	-C link-arg=-sNO_INVOKE_RUN=1 \
-	-C link-arg=-sEXIT_RUNTIME=1 \
-	-C link-arg=-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 \
-	-C link-arg=-sEXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=FS,callMain,stringToNewUTF8 \
-	-C link-arg=-sMODULARIZE=1 \
-	-C link-arg=-sEXPORT_NAME=createRevive \
-	-C link-arg=-sWASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION=0 \
-	-C link-arg=-sDYNAMIC_EXECUTION=0 \
-	-C link-arg=-sALLOW_TABLE_GROWTH=1 \
-	-C link-arg=--js-library=js/embed/soljson_interface.js \
-	-C link-arg=--pre-js=js/embed/pre.js \
-	-C link-arg=-sNODEJS_CATCH_EXIT=0 \
-	-C link-arg=-sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0 \
-	-C opt-level=3
+.PHONY: install format test test-solidity test-cli test-integration test-workspace clean

 install: install-bin install-npm

@@ -25,24 +8,11 @@ install-bin:
 install-npm:
 	npm install && npm fund

-install-wasm:
-	RUSTFLAGS='$(RUSTFLAGS_EMSCRIPTEN)' cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-emscripten -p revive-solidity --release --no-default-features
-	npm install
-
-# install-revive: Build and install to the directory specified in REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR
-ifeq ($(origin REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR), undefined)
-REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR=`pwd`/release/revive-debian
-endif
-install-revive:
-	cargo install --path crates/solidity --root $(REVIVE_INSTALL_DIR)
-
 format:
 	cargo fmt --all --check

-clippy:
-	cargo clippy --all-features --workspace --tests --benches -- --deny warnings --allow dead_code
-
-test: format clippy test-cli test-workspace
+test: format install test-cli test-workspace
+	cargo test --workspace

 test-integration: install-bin
 	cargo test --package revive-integration
@@ -56,29 +26,31 @@ test-workspace: install
 test-cli: install
 	npm run test:cli

-bench-pvm: install-bin
-	cargo criterion --bench execute --features bench-pvm-interpreter --message-format=json \
-	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/PVM.md
+bench-prepare: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --bench prepare --features bench-evm,bench-pvm --message-format=json \
+	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/PREPARE.md

-bench-evm: install-bin
-	cargo criterion --bench execute --features bench-evm --message-format=json \
-	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/EVM.md
+bench-execute: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --bench execute --features bench-evm,bench-pvm --message-format=json \
+	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/EXECUTE.md

-bench: install-bin
+bench-extensive: install-bin
 	cargo criterion --all --all-features --message-format=json \
 	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/BENCHMARKS.md

-docs: docs-build
-	mdbook serve --open docs/
+bench-quick: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --all --features bench-evm

-docs-build:
-	mdbook test docs/ && mdbook build docs/
+bench: install-bin
+	cargo criterion --all --features bench-evm,bench-pvm --message-format=json \
+	| criterion-table > crates/benchmarks/BENCHMARKS.md
+
+clippy:
+	cargo clippy --all-features --workspace --tests --benches

 clean:
 	cargo clean ; \
 	rm -rf node_modules ; \
 	rm -rf crates/solidity/src/tests/cli-tests/artifacts ; \
 	cargo uninstall revive-solidity ; \
-	rm -f package-lock.json ; \
-	rm -rf js/dist ; \
-	rm -f js/src/resolc.{wasm,js}
+	rm -f package-lock.json
@@ -1,71 +1,38 @@
-![CI](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/actions/workflows/rust.yml/badge.svg)
-[![Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/Docs-contracts.polkadot.io-brightgreen.svg)](https://contracts.polkadot.io)
-
 # revive

-YUL and EVM assembly recompiler to LLVM, targetting RISC-V on [PolkaVM](https://github.com/koute/polkavm).
+YUL and EVM bytecode recompiler to LLVM, targetting RISC-V on PolkaVM.

-Visit [contracts.polkadot.io](https://contracts.polkadot.io) to learn more about contracts on Polkadot!
+Code bases of [frontend](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-compiler-solidity) and [code generator](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-compiler-llvm-context) are forked and adapted from ZKSync `zksolc`.

-## Status
+# Status

-This is experimental software in active development and not ready just yet for production usage. Please do report any compiler related issues or missing features that are [not yet known to us](https://contracts.polkadot.io/known_issues/) here.
+Currently, primary goal of this codebase is to allow for benchmarks comparing performance against ink! and solang artifacts as well as EVM interpreters.

-Discussion around the development is hosted on the [Polkadot Forum](https://forum.polkadot.network/t/contracts-update-solidity-on-polkavm/6949#a-new-solidity-compiler-1).
+# TODO

-## Installation
+The project is in a very early PoC phase. Don't yet expect the produced code to be working nor to be correct for anything more than a basic flipper contract at the current stage.

-`resolc` depends on the [solc](https://github.com/ethereum/solidity) binary installed on your system.
-
-Building from source requires a compatible LLVM build.
-
-### LLVM
-
-`revive` requires a build of LLVM 18.1.4 or later with the RISC-V _embedded_ target, including `compiler-rt`. Use the provided [build-llvm.sh](build-llvm.sh) build script to compile a compatible LLVM build locally in `$PWD/llvm18.0` (don't forget to add that to `$PATH` afterwards).
-
-### The `resolc` Solidity frontend
-
-To install the `resolc` Solidity frontend executable:
-
-```bash
-bash build-llvm.sh
-export PATH=${PWD}/llvm18.0/bin:$PATH
-make install-bin
-resolc --version
-```
-### Cross-compilation to WASM
-
-Cross-compiles the Revive compiler to WASM for running it in a Node.js or browser environment.
-
-Install [emscripten](https://emscripten.org/docs/getting_started/downloads.html). Tested on version 3.1.64.
-To build resolc.js execute:
-
-```bash
-bash build-llvm.sh
-export PATH=${PWD}/llvm18.0/bin:$PATH
-export EMSDK_ROOT=<PATH_TO_EMSCRIPTEN_SDK>
-bash emscripten-build-llvm.sh
-source $EMSDK_ROOT/emsdk_env.sh
-export LLVM_LINK_PREFIX=${PWD}/llvm18.0-emscripten
-export PATH=$PATH:$PWD/llvm18.0-emscripten/bin/
-make install-wasm
-```
-
-### Development
-
-Please consult the [Makefile](Makefile) targets to learn how to run tests and benchmarks. 
-Ensure that your branch passes `make test` locally when submitting a pull request.
-
-## Design overview
-
-`revive` uses [solc](https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/), the Ethereum Solidity compiler, as the [Solidity frontend](crates/solidity/src/lib.rs) to process smart contracts written in Solidity. The YUL IR code (or legacy EVM assembly as a fallback for older `solc` versions) emitted by `solc` is then translated to LLVM IR, targetting [Polkadots `revive` pallet](https://docs.rs/pallet-revive/latest/pallet_revive/trait.SyscallDoc.html).
-[Frontend](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-compiler-solidity) and [code generator](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-compiler-llvm-context) are based of ZKSync `zksolc`.
-
-## Tests
-
-Before running the tests, ensure that Geth (Go Ethereum) is installed on your system. Follow the installation guide here: [Installing Geth](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/getting-started/installing-geth).
-Once Geth is installed, you can run the tests using the following command:
-
-```bash
-make test
-```
+- [ ] Efficient implementations of byte swaps, memset, memmove, mulmod and the like
+- [ ] Use `drink` for integration tests once we have 64bit support in PolkaVM
+- [x] Use PolkaVM allocator for heap space
+- [ ] Exercice `schlau` and possibly `smart-bench` benchmark cases
+- [x] Tests currently rely on the binary being in $PATH, which is very annoying and requires `cargo install` all the times
+- [ ] Define how to do deployments
+- [ ] Calling conventions for calling other contracts
+- [ ] Runtime environment isn't fully figured out; implement all EVM builtins
+- [ ] Iron out many leftovers from the ZKVM target
+    - [ ] Use of exceptions
+    - [ ] Change long calls (contract calls)
+    - [ ] Check all alignments, attributes etc. if they still make sense with our target
+    - [x] Custom extensions related to zk VM
+    - [ ] `Active Pointer`: Redundant to calldata forwarding in pallet contracts. [Mainly used here](https://github.com/matter-labs/era-contracts/blob/4aa7006153ad571643342dff22c16eaf4a70fdc1/system-contracts/contracts/libraries/EfficientCall.sol) however we could offer a similar optimization.
+    - []
+- [ ] Add a lot more test cases
+- [ ] Debug information
+- [ ] Look for and implement further optimizations
+- [ ] Differential testing against EVM
+- [x] Switch to LLVM 18 which has `RV{32,64}E` targets upstream
+- [ ] Minimize scope of "stdlib"
+- [ ] Document differences from EVM
+- [ ] Audit for bugs and correctness
+- [x] Rebranding
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Release checklist
-
-Prior to the first stable release we neither have formal release processes nor do we follow a fixed release schedule.
-
-To create a new pre-release:
-
-1. Merge a release PR which updates the `-dev.X` versions in the workspace `Cargo.toml` and updates the `CHANGELOG.md` accordingly
-2. Push a release tag to `main`
-3. Manually trigger the `Build revive-debian` action
-4. Create a __pre-release__ from the tag and manually upload the build artifact generated by the action
-5. Manually upload `resolc.js` and `resolc.wasm` from the `build-revive-wasm` action artifacts.
-6. Update the [contract-docs](https://github.com/paritytech/contract-docs/) accordingly
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Known issues
-
-The following is known and we are either working on it or it is a hard limitation. Please do not open a new issue.
-
-## Release
-
-`0.1.0-dev-2`
-
-## Missing features
-
- [Libraries with public functions are not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/91)
- [Automatic import resolution is not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/98)
- The emulated EVM linear contract memory is limited to 64kb in size. Will be fixed with support for metered dynamic memory.
- [The contract calldata is currently limited to 1kb in size](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/57)
- [EIP-4844 opcodes are not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/64)
- [Delegate calls are not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/67)
- [The `blockhash` opcode is not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/61)
- [The `extcodesize` opcode is not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/58)
- [The `origin` opcode is not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/59)
- [Gas limits for contract calls are ignored](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/60)
- [Gas related opcodes are not supported](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/60)
- IPFS metadata hashes are not supported
- [Compiled contract artifacts can exceed the pallet static memory limit and fail to deploy](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/96).
- [Transfers to inexistant accounts will fail if the transferred value lies below the ED.](https://github.com/paritytech/revive/issues/83) Will be fixed in the pallet to make the ED completely transparent for contracts.
-
-## Wontfix
-
-Please consult our documentation to learn more about Solidity and EVM features likely to remain unsupported (and why they will not be supported).
-
-TODO: Insert link to the relevant documentation section.
@@ -3,23 +3,21 @@
 set -euo pipefail

 INSTALL_DIR="${PWD}/llvm18.0"
-mkdir -p ${INSTALL_DIR}
+mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR

-# Build LLVM, clang
-LLVM_SRC_PREFIX=${PWD}/llvm-project
-LLVM_SRC_DIR=${LLVM_SRC_PREFIX}/llvm
-LLVM_BUILD_DIR=${PWD}/build/llvm

-./clone-llvm.sh "${LLVM_SRC_PREFIX}"
-
-if [ ! -d ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR} ] ; then
-	mkdir -p ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR}
+# Clone LLVM 18 (any revision after commit bd32aaa is supposed to work)
+if [ ! -d "llvm-project" ]; then
+  git clone --depth 1 --branch release/18.x https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
 fi

-cmake -G Ninja \
-  -S ${LLVM_SRC_DIR} \
-  -B ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR} \
-  -DLLVM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=On \
+
+# Build LLVM, clang
+cd llvm-project
+
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+cmake -G Ninja -DLLVM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=On \
  -DLLVM_ENABLE_TERMINFO=Off \
  -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBXML2=Off \
  -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB=Off \
@@ -27,61 +25,45 @@ cmake -G Ninja \
  -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD='RISCV' \
  -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD=Off \
  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=MinSizeRel \
-  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_DIR}
+  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$INSTALL_DIR \
+	../llvm
+
+ninja
+ninja install

-cmake --build ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR}
-cmake --install ${LLVM_BUILD_DIR}

 # Build compiler builtins
-COMPILER_RT_SRC_DIR=${LLVM_SRC_PREFIX}/compiler-rt
-COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR=${PWD}/build/compiler-rt
-if [ ! -d ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR} ] ; then
-	mkdir -p ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR}
-fi
+cd ../compiler-rt
+mkdir -p build
+cd build

-build_compiler_rt() {
-	case "$1" in
-		64) TARGET_ABI=lp64e ;;
-		32) TARGET_ABI=ilp32e ;;
-		*) exit -1
-	esac
-	CFLAGS="--target=riscv${1} -march=rv${1}em -mabi=${TARGET_ABI} -mcpu=generic-rv${1} -nostdlib -nodefaultlibs"
+CFLAGS="--target=riscv32 -march=rv32em -mabi=ilp32e -nostdlib -nodefaultlibs -mcpu=generic-rv32"
+cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$INSTALL_DIR \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_BUILTINS=ON \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_LIBFUZZER=OFF \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_MEMPROF=OFF \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_PROFILE=OFF \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_SANITIZERS=OFF \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY=OFF \
+  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/clang \
+  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET="riscv32" \
+  -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET="riscv32" \
+  -DCMAKE_AR=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/llvm-ar \
+  -DCMAKE_NM=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/llvm-nm \
+  -DCMAKE_RANLIB=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/llvm-ranlib \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_BAREMETAL_BUILD=ON \
+  -DLLVM_CONFIG_PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/llvm-config \
+  -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="$CFLAGS" \
+  -DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS="$CFLAGS" \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/clang \
+  -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="$CFLAGS" \
+  -DCOMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY=ON \
+  -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
+  ..

-	cmake -G Ninja \
-	  -S ${COMPILER_RT_SRC_DIR} \
-	  -B ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR} \
-	  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-	  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${INSTALL_DIR} \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_BUILTINS=ON \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_LIBFUZZER=OFF \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_MEMPROF=OFF \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_PROFILE=OFF \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_SANITIZERS=OFF \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY=OFF \
-	  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/clang \
-	  -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET=riscv${1} \
-	  -DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET=riscv${1} \
-	  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET=riscv${1} \
-	  -DCMAKE_C_TARGET_BITS=riscv${1} \
-	  -DCMAKE_ASM_TARGET_BITS=riscv${1} \
-	  -DCMAKE_AR=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-ar \
-	  -DCMAKE_NM=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-nm \
-	  -DCMAKE_RANLIB=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-ranlib \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_BAREMETAL_BUILD=ON \
-	  -DLLVM_CONFIG_PATH=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/llvm-config \
-	  -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${CFLAGS}" \
-	  -DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS="${CFLAGS}" \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER=${INSTALL_DIR}/bin/clang \
-	  -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${CFLAGS}" \
-	  -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=unknown \
-	  -DCOMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY=ON 
-	
-	cmake --build ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR}
-	cmake --install ${COMPILER_RT_BUILD_DIR} 
-}
+ninja
+ninja install

-build_compiler_rt 32
-build_compiler_rt 64

 echo ""
 echo "success"
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -euo pipefail
-
-# Default directory for cloning the llvm-project repository
-DEFAULT_DIR="llvm-project"
-
-# Check if a directory argument is provided
-if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
-  DIR=$1
-else
-  DIR=$DEFAULT_DIR
-fi
-
-# Clone LLVM 18 (any revision after commit bd32aaa is supposed to work)
-if [ ! -d "${DIR}" ]; then
-  git clone --depth 1 --branch release/18.x https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git "${DIR}"
-fi
@@ -8,65 +8,90 @@
    - [TriangleNumber](#trianglenumber)
    - [FibonacciRecursive](#fibonaccirecursive)
    - [FibonacciIterative](#fibonacciiterative)
-    - [FibonacciBinet](#fibonaccibinet)
-    - [SHA1](#sha1)
+    - [PrepareBaseline](#preparebaseline)
+    - [PrepareOddProduct](#prepareoddproduct)
+    - [PrepareTriangleNumber](#preparetrianglenumber)
+    - [PrepareFibonacciRecursive](#preparefibonaccirecursive)
+    - [PrepareFibonacciIterative](#preparefibonacciiterative)

 ## Benchmark Results

 ### Baseline

-|         | `EVM`                   | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
-|:--------|:------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
-| **`0`** | `3.36 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `11.84 us` (❌ *3.52x slower*)    |
+|         | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 | `PVM`                             |
+|:--------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `900.78 ns` (✅ **1.00x**) | `715.00 ns` (✅ **1.26x faster**) | `26.22 us` (❌ *29.11x slower*)    |

 ### OddPorduct

-|              | `EVM`                    | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
-|:-------------|:-------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
-| **`10000`**  | `3.11 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `1.53 ms` (🚀 **2.03x faster**)   |
-| **`100000`** | `30.70 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `15.54 ms` (🚀 **1.98x faster**)  |
-| **`300000`** | `92.68 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `45.47 ms` (🚀 **2.04x faster**)  |
+|                 | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 | `PVM`                             |
+|:----------------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`300000`**    | `223.94 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `125.43 ms` (✅ **1.79x faster**) | `2.56 ms` (🚀 **87.60x faster**)   |
+| **`1200000`**   | `907.18 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `486.46 ms` (🚀 **1.86x faster**) | `9.96 ms` (🚀 **91.10x faster**)   |
+| **`12000000`**  | `9.41 s` (✅ **1.00x**)    | `4.96 s` (🚀 **1.90x faster**)    | `98.26 ms` (🚀 **95.75x faster**)  |
+| **`180000000`** | `133.65 s` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `73.98 s` (🚀 **1.81x faster**)   | `1.48 s` (🚀 **90.04x faster**)    |
+| **`720000000`** | `543.61 s` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `295.27 s` (🚀 **1.84x faster**)  | `6.14 s` (🚀 **88.55x faster**)    |

 ### TriangleNumber

-|              | `EVM`                    | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
-|:-------------|:-------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
-| **`10000`**  | `2.29 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `1.09 ms` (🚀 **2.11x faster**)   |
-| **`100000`** | `22.84 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `10.66 ms` (🚀 **2.14x faster**)  |
-| **`360000`** | `82.29 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `37.01 ms` (🚀 **2.22x faster**)  |
+|                 | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 | `PVM`                             |
+|:----------------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
+| **`360000`**    | `174.29 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `134.93 ms` (✅ **1.29x faster**) | `2.58 ms` (🚀 **67.43x faster**)   |
+| **`1440000`**   | `723.79 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `518.44 ms` (✅ **1.40x faster**) | `9.93 ms` (🚀 **72.92x faster**)   |
+| **`14400000`**  | `7.03 s` (✅ **1.00x**)    | `5.40 s` (✅ **1.30x faster**)    | `99.93 ms` (🚀 **70.40x faster**)  |
+| **`216000000`** | `108.98 s` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `77.85 s` (✅ **1.40x faster**)   | `1.44 s` (🚀 **75.78x faster**)    |
+| **`864000000`** | `423.03 s` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `323.22 s` (✅ **1.31x faster**)  | `5.99 s` (🚀 **70.61x faster**)    |

 ### FibonacciRecursive

-|          | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                  |
-|:---------|:--------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
-| **`12`** | `135.67 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `125.02 us` (✅ **1.09x faster**)  |
-| **`16`** | `903.75 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `762.79 us` (✅ **1.18x faster**)  |
-| **`20`** | `6.12 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `4.96 ms` (✅ **1.23x faster**)    |
-| **`24`** | `42.05 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `33.86 ms` (✅ **1.24x faster**)   |
+|          | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 | `PVM`                              |
+|:---------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`24`** | `80.63 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `159.96 ms` (❌ *1.98x slower*)   | `2.73 ms` (🚀 **29.52x faster**)    |
+| **`27`** | `331.93 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `662.76 ms` (❌ *2.00x slower*)   | `10.78 ms` (🚀 **30.79x faster**)   |
+| **`31`** | `2.35 s` (✅ **1.00x**)    | `4.44 s` (❌ *1.88x slower*)      | `76.69 ms` (🚀 **30.69x faster**)   |
+| **`36`** | `26.17 s` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `51.08 s` (❌ *1.95x slower*)     | `819.30 ms` (🚀 **31.94x faster**)  |
+| **`39`** | `110.50 s` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `220.00 s` (❌ *1.99x slower*)    | `3.46 s` (🚀 **31.90x faster**)     |

 ### FibonacciIterative

-|           | `EVM`                    | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
-|:----------|:-------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
-| **`64`**  | `15.04 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `29.45 us` (❌ *1.96x slower*)    |
-| **`128`** | `26.36 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `42.19 us` (❌ *1.60x slower*)    |
-| **`256`** | `48.61 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `65.71 us` (❌ *1.35x slower*)    |
+|                 | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                 | `PVM`                              |
+|:----------------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`256`**       | `84.27 us` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `291.83 us` (❌ *3.46x slower*)   | `42.87 us` (🚀 **1.97x faster**)    |
+| **`162500`**    | `53.32 ms` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `174.85 ms` (❌ *3.28x slower*)   | `2.57 ms` (🚀 **20.78x faster**)    |
+| **`650000`**    | `217.77 ms` (✅ **1.00x**) | `699.77 ms` (❌ *3.21x slower*)   | `9.91 ms` (🚀 **21.96x faster**)    |
+| **`6500000`**   | `2.14 s` (✅ **1.00x**)    | `6.89 s` (❌ *3.22x slower*)      | `100.67 ms` (🚀 **21.22x faster**)  |
+| **`100000000`** | `31.96 s` (✅ **1.00x**)   | `106.46 s` (❌ *3.33x slower*)    | `1.50 s` (🚀 **21.28x faster**)     |
+| **`400000000`** | `128.68 s` (✅ **1.00x**)  | `447.34 s` (❌ *3.48x slower*)    | `6.19 s` (🚀 **20.77x faster**)     |

-### FibonacciBinet
+### PrepareBaseline

-|           | `EVM`                    | `PVMInterpreter`                 |
-|:----------|:-------------------------|:-------------------------------- |
-| **`64`**  | `15.22 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `41.46 us` (❌ *2.72x slower*)    |
-| **`128`** | `17.05 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `42.84 us` (❌ *2.51x slower*)    |
-| **`256`** | `19.00 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `44.36 us` (❌ *2.34x slower*)    |
+|         | `Evm`                     | `PVMInterpreterCompile`          | `PVMInterpreterInstantiate`          | `PVMCompile`                      | `PVMInstantiate`                   |
+|:--------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:----------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `179.68 ns` (✅ **1.00x**) | `506.01 ns` (❌ *2.82x slower*)   | `1.70 us` (❌ *9.45x slower*)         | `29.44 us` (❌ *163.87x slower*)   | `69.01 us` (❌ *384.08x slower*)    |

-### SHA1
+### PrepareOddProduct

-|           | `EVM`                     | `PVMInterpreter`                  |
-|:----------|:--------------------------|:--------------------------------- |
-| **`1`**   | `110.04 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `216.11 us` (❌ *1.96x slower*)    |
-| **`64`**  | `209.04 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `309.48 us` (❌ *1.48x slower*)    |
-| **`512`** | `903.65 us` (✅ **1.00x**) | `980.49 us` (✅ **1.09x slower**)  |
+|         | `Evm`                     | `PVMInterpreterCompile`          | `PVMInterpreterInstantiate`          | `PVMCompile`                     | `PVMInstantiate`                   |
+|:--------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `509.96 ns` (✅ **1.00x**) | `485.20 ns` (✅ **1.05x faster**) | `1.69 us` (❌ *3.32x slower*)         | `29.88 us` (❌ *58.59x slower*)   | `70.20 us` (❌ *137.66x slower*)    |
+
+### PrepareTriangleNumber
+
+|         | `Evm`                     | `PVMInterpreterCompile`          | `PVMInterpreterInstantiate`          | `PVMCompile`                     | `PVMInstantiate`                   |
+|:--------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:---------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `508.44 ns` (✅ **1.00x**) | `528.74 ns` (✅ **1.04x slower**) | `1.83 us` (❌ *3.60x slower*)         | `50.81 us` (❌ *99.94x slower*)   | `68.37 us` (❌ *134.48x slower*)    |
+
+### PrepareFibonacciRecursive
+
+|         | `Evm`                     | `PVMInterpreterCompile`          | `PVMInterpreterInstantiate`          | `PVMCompile`                      | `PVMInstantiate`                   |
+|:--------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:----------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `409.24 ns` (✅ **1.00x**) | `507.67 ns` (❌ *1.24x slower*)   | `1.80 us` (❌ *4.40x slower*)         | `46.24 us` (❌ *112.99x slower*)   | `69.06 us` (❌ *168.76x slower*)    |
+
+### PrepareFibonacciIterative
+
+|         | `Evm`                     | `PVMInterpreterCompile`          | `PVMInterpreterInstantiate`          | `PVMCompile`                      | `PVMInstantiate`                   |
+|:--------|:--------------------------|:---------------------------------|:-------------------------------------|:----------------------------------|:---------------------------------- |
+| **`0`** | `304.00 ns` (✅ **1.00x**) | `524.75 ns` (❌ *1.73x slower*)   | `1.88 us` (❌ *6.17x slower*)         | `43.50 us` (❌ *143.11x slower*)   | `66.82 us` (❌ *219.80x slower*)    |

 ---
 Made with [criterion-table](https://github.com/nu11ptr/criterion-table)
@@ -1,28 +1,32 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-benchmarks"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-authors.workspace = true
-description = "revive compiler benchmarks"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+authors = [
+    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
+]

 [features]
 default = ["bench-pvm-interpreter"]
-bench-pvm-interpreter = ["revive-runner"]
+bench-pvm-interpreter = []
+bench-pvm = []
 bench-evm = ["revive-differential"]
+bench-extensive = []

 [dependencies]
 hex = { workspace = true }
+polkavm = { workspace = true }
+revive-integration = { path = "../integration" }
+revive-differential = { path = "../differential", optional = true }
 alloy-primitives = { workspace = true }

-revive-integration = { workspace = true }
-revive-differential = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-revive-runner = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = { workspace = true }

 [[bench]]
 name = "execute"
 harness = false
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "prepare"
+harness = false
@@ -1,42 +1,62 @@
-#![cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-evm"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "bench-extensive")]
+use std::time::Duration;

-use alloy_primitives::U256;
 use criterion::{
-    criterion_group, criterion_main,
-    measurement::{Measurement, WallTime},
-    BenchmarkGroup, BenchmarkId, Criterion,
+    criterion_group, criterion_main, measurement::Measurement, BenchmarkGroup, BenchmarkId,
+    Criterion,
 };
 use revive_integration::cases::Contract;

-fn bench<P, L, I>(
-    mut group: BenchmarkGroup<'_, WallTime>,
-    parameters: &[P],
-    labels: &[L],
-    contract: I,
-) where
+fn bench<P, L, I, M>(mut group: BenchmarkGroup<'_, M>, parameters: &[P], labels: &[L], contract: I)
+where
    P: Clone,
    L: std::fmt::Display,
    I: Fn(P) -> Contract,
+    M: Measurement,
 {
    assert_eq!(parameters.len(), labels.len());

-    group.sample_size(10);
-
    for (p, l) in parameters.iter().zip(labels.iter()) {
-        let contract = contract(p.clone());
-
        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
-        group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("EVM", l), p, |b, _| {
-            let code = &contract.evm_runtime;
-            let input = &contract.calldata;
-            b.iter_custom(|iters| revive_benchmarks::measure_evm(code, input, iters));
-        });
+        {
+            let contract = contract(p.clone());
+            let vm = revive_differential::prepare(contract.evm_runtime, contract.calldata);
+            group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("EVM", l), p, move |b, _| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    revive_differential::execute(vm.clone());
+                });
+            });
+        }

        #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
-        group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("PVMInterpreter", l), p, |b, _| {
-            let specs = revive_benchmarks::create_specs(&contract);
-            b.iter_custom(|iters| revive_benchmarks::measure_pvm(&specs, iters));
-        });
+        {
+            let contract = contract(p.clone());
+            let (transaction, mut instance, export) = revive_benchmarks::prepare_pvm(
+                &contract.pvm_runtime,
+                contract.calldata,
+                polkavm::BackendKind::Interpreter,
+            );
+            group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("PVMInterpreter", l), p, |b, _| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    transaction.clone().call_on(&mut instance, export);
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm")]
+        {
+            let contract = contract(p.clone());
+            let (transaction, mut instance, export) = revive_benchmarks::prepare_pvm(
+                &contract.pvm_runtime,
+                contract.calldata,
+                polkavm::BackendKind::Compiler,
+            );
+            group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("PVM", l), p, |b, _| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    transaction.clone().call_on(&mut instance, export);
+                });
+            });
+        }
    }

    group.finish();
@@ -46,7 +66,17 @@ fn group<'error, M>(c: &'error mut Criterion<M>, group_name: &str) -> BenchmarkG
 where
    M: Measurement,
 {
-    c.benchmark_group(group_name)
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-extensive")]
+    {
+        let mut group = c.benchmark_group(group_name);
+        group
+            .sample_size(10)
+            .measurement_time(Duration::from_secs(60));
+        group
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "bench-extensive"))]
+    return c.benchmark_group(group_name);
 }

 fn bench_baseline(c: &mut Criterion) {
@@ -58,46 +88,49 @@ fn bench_baseline(c: &mut Criterion) {

 fn bench_odd_product(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let group = group(c, "OddPorduct");
-    let parameters = &[10_000, 100_000, 300000];
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-extensive")]
+    let parameters = &[300000, 1200000, 12000000, 180000000, 720000000];
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "bench-extensive"))]
+    let parameters = &[10_000, 100_000];

    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::odd_product);
 }

 fn bench_triangle_number(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let group = group(c, "TriangleNumber");
-    let parameters = &[10_000, 100_000, 360000];
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-extensive")]
+    let parameters = &[360000, 1440000, 14400000, 216000000, 864000000];
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "bench-extensive"))]
+    let parameters = &[10_000, 100_000];

    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::triangle_number);
 }

 fn bench_fibonacci_recurisve(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let group = group(c, "FibonacciRecursive");
-    let parameters = [12, 16, 20, 24]
-        .iter()
-        .map(|p| U256::from(*p))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-extensive")]
+    let parameters = &[24, 27, 31, 36, 39];
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "bench-extensive"))]
+    let parameters = &[12, 16, 20];

-    bench(group, &parameters, &parameters, Contract::fib_recursive);
+    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::fib_recursive);
 }

 fn bench_fibonacci_iterative(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let group = group(c, "FibonacciIterative");
-    let parameters = [64, 128, 256]
-        .iter()
-        .map(|p| U256::from(*p))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-extensive")]
+    let parameters = &[256, 162500, 650000, 6500000, 100000000, 400000000];
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "bench-extensive"))]
+    let parameters = &[64, 128, 256];

-    bench(group, &parameters, &parameters, Contract::fib_iterative);
+    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::fib_iterative);
 }

 fn bench_fibonacci_binet(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let group = group(c, "FibonacciBinet");
-    let parameters = [64, 128, 256]
-        .iter()
-        .map(|p| U256::from(*p))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let parameters = &[64, 128, 256];

-    bench(group, &parameters, &parameters, Contract::fib_binet);
+    bench(group, parameters, parameters, Contract::fib_binet);
 }

 fn bench_sha1(c: &mut Criterion) {
@@ -105,9 +138,7 @@ fn bench_sha1(c: &mut Criterion) {
    let parameters = &[vec![0xff], vec![0xff; 64], vec![0xff; 512]];
    let labels = parameters.iter().map(|p| p.len()).collect::<Vec<_>>();

-    bench(group, parameters, &labels, |input| {
-        Contract::sha1(input.into())
-    });
+    bench(group, parameters, &labels, Contract::sha1);
 }

 criterion_group!(
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
+
+use revive_integration::cases::Contract;
+
+fn bench(
+    c: &mut Criterion,
+    group_name: &str,
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")] evm_runtime: Vec<u8>,
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))] pvm_runtime: Vec<u8>,
+) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group(group_name);
+    let code_size = 0;
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+    group.bench_with_input(
+        BenchmarkId::new("Evm", code_size),
+        &evm_runtime,
+        |b, code| b.iter(|| revive_differential::prepare(code.clone(), Vec::new())),
+    );
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
+    {
+        let engine = revive_benchmarks::instantiate_engine(polkavm::BackendKind::Interpreter);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("PVMInterpreterCompile", code_size),
+            &(&pvm_runtime, engine),
+            |b, (code, engine)| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    revive_integration::mock_runtime::recompile_code(code, engine);
+                });
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
+    {
+        let engine = revive_benchmarks::instantiate_engine(polkavm::BackendKind::Interpreter);
+        let module = revive_integration::mock_runtime::recompile_code(&pvm_runtime, &engine);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("PVMInterpreterInstantiate", code_size),
+            &(module, engine),
+            |b, (module, engine)| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    revive_integration::mock_runtime::instantiate_module(module, engine);
+                });
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm")]
+    {
+        let engine = revive_benchmarks::instantiate_engine(polkavm::BackendKind::Compiler);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("PVMCompile", code_size),
+            &(&pvm_runtime, engine),
+            |b, (code, engine)| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    revive_integration::mock_runtime::recompile_code(code, engine);
+                });
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm")]
+    {
+        let engine = revive_benchmarks::instantiate_engine(polkavm::BackendKind::Compiler);
+        let module = revive_integration::mock_runtime::recompile_code(&pvm_runtime, &engine);
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("PVMInstantiate", code_size),
+            &(module, engine),
+            |b, (module, engine)| {
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    revive_integration::mock_runtime::instantiate_module(module, engine);
+                });
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn bench_baseline(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareBaseline",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::baseline().evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::baseline().pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+fn bench_odd_product(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareOddProduct",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::odd_product(0).evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::baseline().pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+fn bench_triangle_number(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareTriangleNumber",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::triangle_number(0).evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::triangle_number(0).pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+fn bench_fibonacci_recursive(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareFibonacciRecursive",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::fib_recursive(0).evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::fib_recursive(0).pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+fn bench_fibonacci_iterative(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareFibonacciIterative",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::fib_iterative(0).evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::fib_iterative(0).pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+fn bench_fibonacci_binet(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareFibonacciBinet",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::fib_binet(0).evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::fib_binet(0).pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+fn bench_sha1(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    bench(
+        c,
+        "PrepareSHA1",
+        #[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
+        Contract::sha1(Default::default()).evm_runtime,
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter", feature = "bench-pvm"))]
+        Contract::sha1(Default::default()).pvm_runtime,
+    );
+}
+
+criterion_group!(
+    name = prepare;
+    config = Criterion::default();
+    targets = bench_baseline,
+    bench_odd_product,
+    bench_triangle_number,
+    bench_fibonacci_recursive,
+    bench_fibonacci_iterative,
+    bench_fibonacci_binet,
+    bench_sha1
+);
+criterion_main!(prepare);
@@ -1,70 +1,25 @@
-#[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
-pub fn create_specs(contract: &revive_integration::cases::Contract) -> revive_runner::Specs {
-    use revive_runner::*;
-    use SpecsAction::*;
-    Specs {
-        differential: false,
-        actions: vec![
-            Instantiate {
-                code: Code::Bytes(contract.pvm_runtime.to_vec()),
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                data: Default::default(),
-                value: Default::default(),
-                gas_limit: Default::default(),
-                storage_deposit_limit: Default::default(),
-                salt: Default::default(),
-            },
-            Call {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-                data: contract.calldata.to_vec(),
-                value: Default::default(),
-                gas_limit: Default::default(),
-                storage_deposit_limit: Default::default(),
-            },
-        ],
-        ..Default::default()
-    }
+use polkavm::{BackendKind, Config, Engine, ExportIndex, Instance, SandboxKind};
+use revive_integration::mock_runtime::{self, TransactionBuilder};
+use revive_integration::mock_runtime::{State, Transaction};
+
+pub fn prepare_pvm(
+    code: &[u8],
+    input: Vec<u8>,
+    backend: BackendKind,
+) -> (TransactionBuilder, Instance<Transaction>, ExportIndex) {
+    let mut config = Config::new();
+    config.set_backend(Some(backend));
+    config.set_sandbox(Some(SandboxKind::Linux));
+
+    let (instance, export_index) = mock_runtime::prepare(code, Some(config));
+    let transaction = State::default().transaction().calldata(input);
+
+    (transaction, instance, export_index)
 }

-#[cfg(feature = "bench-pvm-interpreter")]
-pub fn measure_pvm(specs: &revive_runner::Specs, iters: u64) -> std::time::Duration {
-    use revive_runner::*;
-    let mut total_time = std::time::Duration::default();
-
-    for _ in 0..iters {
-        let results = specs.clone().run();
-
-        let CallResult::Exec { result, wall_time } =
-            results.get(1).expect("contract should have been called")
-        else {
-            panic!("expected a execution result");
-        };
-        let ret = result.result.as_ref().unwrap();
-        assert!(!ret.did_revert());
-
-        total_time += *wall_time;
-    }
-
-    total_time
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "bench-evm")]
-pub fn measure_evm(code: &[u8], input: &[u8], iters: u64) -> std::time::Duration {
-    let mut total_time = std::time::Duration::default();
-
-    let code = hex::encode(code);
-
-    for _ in 0..iters {
-        let log = revive_differential::Evm::default()
-            .code_blob(code.as_bytes().to_vec())
-            .input(input.to_vec().into())
-            .bench(true)
-            .run();
-        assert!(log.output.run_success(), "evm run failed: {log:?}");
-
-        total_time += log.execution_time().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    total_time
+pub fn instantiate_engine(backend: BackendKind) -> Engine {
+    let mut config = Config::new();
+    config.set_backend(Some(backend));
+    config.set_sandbox(Some(SandboxKind::Linux));
+    mock_runtime::setup(Some(config))
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-builtins"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-authors.workspace = true
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
 build = "build.rs"
-description = "compiler builtins for the revive compiler"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use std::{env, fs, io::Read, path::Path, process::Command};

-pub const BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE: &str = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv64.a";
-
 fn main() {
+    let lib = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv32.a";
    let mut llvm_lib_dir = String::new();

    Command::new("llvm-config")
@@ -14,24 +13,18 @@ fn main() {
        .read_to_string(&mut llvm_lib_dir)
        .expect("llvm-config output should be utf8");

-    let mut lib_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(llvm_lib_dir.trim())
+    let lib_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(llvm_lib_dir.trim())
        .join("linux")
-        .join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
-    if !lib_path.exists() {
-        lib_path = std::path::PathBuf::from(std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap())
-            .join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
-    }
-    let archive = fs::read(lib_path).expect("clang builtins not found");
+        .join(lib);
+    let archive = fs::read(lib_path).expect("clang builtins for riscv32 not found");

    let out_dir = env::var_os("OUT_DIR").expect("has OUT_DIR");
-    let archive_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
+    let archive_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join(lib);
    let len = archive.len();
    std::fs::write(archive_path, &archive).expect("can write to OUT_DIR");

    let src_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join("compiler_rt.rs");
-    let src = format!(
-        "pub static COMPILER_RT: &[u8; {len}] = include_bytes!(\"{BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE}\");"
-    );
+    let src = format!("pub static COMPILER_RT: &[u8; {len}] = include_bytes!(\"{lib}\");");
    fs::write(src_path, src).expect("can write to OUT_DIR");

    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Use this template for reporting issues
+title: ''
+labels: bug
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+### 🐛 Bug Report
+
+#### 📝 Description
+
+Provide a clear and concise description of the bug.
+
+#### 🔄 Reproduction Steps
+
+Steps to reproduce the behaviour
+
+#### 🤔 Expected Behavior
+
+Describe what you expected to happen.
+
+#### 😯 Current Behavior
+
+Describe what actually happened.
+
+#### 🖥️ Environment
+
+Any relevant environment details.
+
+#### 📋 Additional Context
+
+Add any other context about the problem here. If applicable, add screenshots to help explain.
+
+#### 📎 Log Output
+
+```
+Paste any relevant log output here.
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Use this template for requesting features
+title: ''
+labels: feat
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+### 🌟 Feature Request
+
+#### 📝 Description
+
+Provide a clear and concise description of the feature you'd like to see.
+
+#### 🤔 Rationale
+
+Explain why this feature is important and how it benefits the project.
+
+#### 📋 Additional Context
+
+Add any other context or information about the feature request here.
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# What ❔
+
+<!-- What are the changes this PR brings about? -->
+<!-- Example: This PR adds a PR template to the repo. -->
+<!-- (For bigger PRs adding more context is appreciated) -->
+
+## Why ❔
+
+<!-- Why are these changes done? What goal do they contribute to? What are the principles behind them? -->
+<!-- Example: PR templates ensure PR reviewers, observers, and future iterators are in context about the evolution of repos. -->
+
+## Checklist
+
+<!-- Check your PR fulfills the following items. -->
+<!-- For draft PRs check the boxes as you complete them. -->
+
+- [ ] PR title corresponds to the body of PR.
+- [ ] Tests for the changes have been added / updated.
+- [ ] Documentation comments have been added / updated.
+- [ ] Code has been formatted via `cargo fmt` and checked with `cargo clippy`.
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+name: Cargo license check
+on: pull_request
+
+jobs:
+  cargo-deny:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny-action@v1
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: "Rust CI"
+on:
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: cargo build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+      - run: cargo build --verbose
+
+  formatting:
+    name: cargo fmt
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          components: rustfmt
+      - name: Rustfmt Check
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/rustfmt@v1
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Leaked Secrets Scan
+on: [pull_request]
+jobs:
+  TruffleHog:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@ac593985615ec2ede58e132d2e21d2b1cbd6127c # v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: TruffleHog OSS
+        uses: trufflesecurity/trufflehog@0c66d30c1f4075cee1aada2e1ab46dabb1b0071a
+        with:
+          path: ./
+          base: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+          head: HEAD
+          extra_args: --debug --only-verified
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-common"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
+version = "0.1.0"
 authors = [
    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
    "Oleksandr Zarudnyi <a.zarudnyy@matterlabs.dev>",
 ]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+edition = "2021"
 description = "Shared constants of the revive compiler"

 [lib]
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub const BIT_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS: usize =
 pub const BIT_LENGTH_WORD: usize = crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;

 /// Bit length of the runtime value type.
-pub const BIT_LENGTH_VALUE: usize = BIT_LENGTH_WORD;
+pub const BIT_LENGTH_VALUE: usize = crate::byte_length::BYTE_LENGTH_VALUE * BIT_LENGTH_BYTE;

 /// Bit length of thre runimte block number type.
 pub const BIT_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER: usize =
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BYTE: usize = 1;
 /// The x86 word byte-length.
 pub const BYTE_LENGTH_X32: usize = 4;

+/// Native stack alignment size in bytes
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_STACK_ALIGN: usize = 4;
+
 /// The x86_64 word byte-length.
 pub const BYTE_LENGTH_X64: usize = 8;

-/// EVM native stack alignment size in bytes
-pub const BYTE_LENGTH_STACK_ALIGN: usize = 32;
-
 /// The ETH address byte-length.
 pub const BYTE_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS: usize = 20;

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub const BYTE_LENGTH_WORD: usize = 32;
 pub const BYTE_LENGTH_VALUE: usize = 32;

 /// Byte length of the runtime block number type.
-pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER: usize = 4;
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER: usize = 8;

 /// Byte length of the runtime block timestamp type.
-pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP: usize = 4;
+pub const BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP: usize = 8;
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-//! The revive exit code constants.
+//!
+//! The exit code constants.
+//!

 /// The common application success exit code.
 pub const EXIT_CODE_SUCCESS: i32 = 0;
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ pub static EXTENSION_SOLIDITY: &str = "sol";
 /// The LLL IR file extension.
 pub static EXTENSION_LLL: &str = "lll";

+/// The Vyper file extension.
+pub static EXTENSION_VYPER: &str = "vy";
+
 /// The LLVM source code file extension.
 pub static EXTENSION_LLVM_SOURCE: &str = "ll";

@@ -41,6 +44,3 @@ pub static EXTENSION_POLKAVM_ASSEMBLY: &str = "pvmasm";

 /// The PolkaVM bytecode file extension.
 pub static EXTENSION_POLKAVM_BINARY: &str = "pvm";
-
-/// The ELF shared object file extension.
-pub static EXTENSION_SHARED_OBJECT: &str = "so";
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ pub(crate) mod byte_length;
 pub(crate) mod evm_version;
 pub(crate) mod exit_code;
 pub(crate) mod extension;
+pub(crate) mod polkavm;
 pub(crate) mod utils;

 pub use self::base::*;
@@ -14,4 +15,5 @@ pub use self::byte_length::*;
 pub use self::evm_version::EVMVersion;
 pub use self::exit_code::*;
 pub use self::extension::*;
+pub use self::polkavm::address::*;
 pub use self::utils::*;
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+//! The PolkaVM address constants.
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_TO_L1: u16 = 0xFFFF;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_PRECOMPILE: u16 = 0xFFFD;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_META: u16 = 0xFFFC;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_MIMIC_CALL: u16 = 0xFFFB;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_SYSTEM_MIMIC_CALL: u16 = 0xFFFA;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_MIMIC_CALL_BYREF: u16 = 0xFFF9;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_SYSTEM_MIMIC_CALL_BYREF: u16 = 0xFFF8;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_RAW_FAR_CALL: u16 = 0xFFF7;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_RAW_FAR_CALL_BYREF: u16 = 0xFFF6;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_SYSTEM_CALL: u16 = 0xFFF5;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_SYSTEM_CALL_BYREF: u16 = 0xFFF4;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_SET_CONTEXT_VALUE_CALL: u16 = 0xFFF3;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_SET_PUBDATA_PRICE: u16 = 0xFFF2;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_INCREMENT_TX_COUNTER: u16 = 0xFFF1;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_GET_GLOBAL_PTR_CALLDATA: u16 = 0xFFF0;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_GET_GLOBAL_CALL_FLAGS: u16 = 0xFFEF;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_GET_GLOBAL_PTR_RETURN_DATA: u16 = 0xFFEE;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_EVENT_INITIALIZE: u16 = 0xFFED;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_EVENT_WRITE: u16 = 0xFFEC;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_LOAD_CALLDATA: u16 = 0xFFEB;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_LOAD_RETURN_DATA: u16 = 0xFFEA;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_ADD: u16 = 0xFFE9;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_SHRINK: u16 = 0xFFE8;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_PACK: u16 = 0xFFE7;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_MULTIPLICATION_HIGH_REGISTER: u16 = 0xFFE6;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_GET_GLOBAL_EXTRA_ABI_DATA: u16 = 0xFFE5;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_DATA_LOAD: u16 = 0xFFE4;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_DATA_COPY: u16 = 0xFFE3;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_DATA_SIZE: u16 = 0xFFE2;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_CONST_ARRAY_DECLARE: u16 = 0xFFE1;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_CONST_ARRAY_SET: u16 = 0xFFE0;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_CONST_ARRAY_FINALIZE: u16 = 0xFFDF;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_CONST_ARRAY_GET: u16 = 0xFFDE;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_DECOMMIT: u16 = 0xFFDD;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_LOAD_DECOMMIT: u16 = 0xFFDC;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_RETURN_FORWARD: u16 = 0xFFDB;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_REVERT_FORWARD: u16 = 0xFFDA;
+
+/// The corresponding simulation predefined address.
+pub const POLKAVM_ADDRESS_ACTIVE_PTR_SWAP: u16 = 0xFFD9;
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//!
+//! The PolkaVM constants.
+//!
+
+pub mod address;
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-differential"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-authors.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-hex = { workspace = true }
-tempfile = { workspace = true }
-serde = { workspace = true }
-serde_json = { workspace = true }
-alloy-primitives = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
-alloy-genesis = { workspace = true }
-alloy-serde = { workspace = true }
+evm-interpreter = { workspace = true }
+primitive-types = { workspace = true }
+alloy-primitives = { workspace = true }
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "config": {
-        "chainId": 420420420,
-        "homesteadBlock": 0,
-        "eip150Block": 0,
-        "eip155Block": 0,
-        "eip158Block": 0,
-        "byzantiumBlock": 0,
-        "constantinopleBlock": 0,
-        "petersburgBlock": 0,
-        "istanbulBlock": 0,
-        "berlinBlock": 0,
-        "londonBlock": 0,
-        "arrowGlacierBlock": 0,
-        "grayGlacierBlock": 0,
-        "shanghaiTime": 0,
-        "cancunTime": 0,
-        "terminalTotalDifficulty": 0,
-        "terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true
-    },
-    "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    "difficulty": "0x20000",
-    "extraData": "",
-    "gasLimit": "0xffffffff",
-    "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
-    "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    "timestamp": "0x00",
-    "alloc": {
-        "0101010101010101010101010101010101010101": {
-            "balance": "1000000000"
-        },
-        "0202020202020202020202020202020202020202": {
-            "balance": "1000000000"
-        },
-        "0303030303030303030303030303030303030303": {
-            "balance": "1000000000"
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-/// Parse a go formatted duration.
-///
-/// Sources:
-/// - https://crates.io/crates/go-parse-duration (fixed an utf8 bug)
-/// - https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/time/format.go
-pub fn parse_go_duration(value: &str) -> Result<Duration, String> {
-    parse_duration(value).map(|ns| Duration::from_nanos(ns.unsigned_abs()))
-}
-
-fn parse_duration(string: &str) -> Result<i64, String> {
-    // [-+]?([0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?[a-z]+)+
-    let mut s = string;
-    let mut d: i64 = 0; // duration to be returned
-    let mut neg = false;
-
-    // Consume [-+]?
-    if !s.is_empty() {
-        let c = *s.as_bytes().first().unwrap();
-        if c == b'-' || c == b'+' {
-            neg = c == b'-';
-            s = &s[1..];
-        }
-    }
-    // Special case: if all that is left is "0", this is zero.
-    if s == "0" {
-        return Ok(0);
-    }
-    if s.is_empty() {
-        return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
-    }
-    while !s.is_empty() {
-        // integers before, after decimal point
-        let mut v: i64;
-        let mut f: i64 = 0;
-        // value = v + f / scale
-        let mut scale: f64 = 1f64;
-
-        // The next character must be [0-9.]
-        let c = *s.as_bytes().first().unwrap();
-        if !(c == b'.' || c.is_ascii_digit()) {
-            return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
-        }
-        // Consume [0-9]*
-        let pl = s.len();
-        match leading_int(s) {
-            Ok((_v, _s)) => {
-                v = _v;
-                s = _s;
-            }
-            Err(_) => {
-                return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
-            }
-        }
-        let pre = pl != s.len(); // whether we consume anything before a period
-
-        // Consume (\.[0-9]*)?
-        let mut post = false;
-        if !s.is_empty() && *s.as_bytes().first().unwrap() == b'.' {
-            s = &s[1..];
-            let pl = s.len();
-            let (f_, scale_, s_) = leading_fraction(s);
-            {
-                f = f_;
-                scale = scale_;
-                s = s_;
-            }
-            post = pl != s.len();
-        }
-        if !pre && !post {
-            // no digits (e.g. ".s" or "-.s")
-            return Err(format!("invalid duration: {string}"));
-        }
-
-        // Consume unit.
-        let mut i = 0;
-        while i < s.len() {
-            let c = *s.as_bytes().get(i).unwrap();
-            if c == b'.' || c.is_ascii_digit() {
-                break;
-            }
-            i += 1;
-        }
-        if i == 0 {
-            return Err(format!("missing unit in duration: {string}"));
-        }
-        let u = &s[..i];
-        s = &s[i..];
-        let unit = match u {
-            "ns" => 1i64,
-            "us" => 1000i64,
-            "µs" => 1000i64, // U+00B5 = micro symbol
-            "μs" => 1000i64, // U+03BC = Greek letter mu
-            "ms" => 1000000i64,
-            "s" => 1000000000i64,
-            "m" => 60000000000i64,
-            "h" => 3600000000000i64,
-            _ => {
-                return Err(format!("unknown unit {u} in duration {string}"));
-            }
-        };
-        if v > (1 << (63 - 1)) / unit {
-            // overflow
-            return Err(format!("invalid duration {string}"));
-        }
-        v *= unit;
-        if f > 0 {
-            // f64 is needed to be nanosecond accurate for fractions of hours.
-            // v >= 0 && (f*unit/scale) <= 3.6e+12 (ns/h, h is the largest unit)
-            v += (f as f64 * (unit as f64 / scale)) as i64;
-            if v < 0 {
-                // overflow
-                return Err(format!("invalid duration {string}"));
-            }
-        }
-        d += v;
-        if d < 0 {
-            // overflow
-            return Err(format!("invalid duration {string}"));
-        }
-    }
-    if neg {
-        d = -d;
-    }
-    Ok(d)
-}
-
-fn leading_int(s: &str) -> Result<(i64, &str), String> {
-    let mut x = 0;
-    let mut i = 0;
-    while i < s.len() {
-        let c = s.chars().nth(i).unwrap();
-        if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
-            break;
-        }
-        if x > (1 << (63 - 1)) / 10 {
-            return Err("overflow".into());
-        }
-        let d = i64::from(c.to_digit(10).unwrap());
-        x = x * 10 + d;
-        if x < 0 {
-            // overflow
-            return Err("overflow".into());
-        }
-        i += 1;
-    }
-    Ok((x, &s[i..]))
-}
-
-fn leading_fraction(s: &str) -> (i64, f64, &str) {
-    let mut i = 0;
-    let mut x = 0i64;
-    let mut scale = 1f64;
-    let mut overflow = false;
-    while i < s.len() {
-        let c = s.chars().nth(i).unwrap();
-        if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
-            break;
-        }
-        if overflow {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if x > (1 << (63 - 1)) / 10 {
-            // It's possible for overflow to give a positive number, so take care.
-            overflow = true;
-            continue;
-        }
-        let d = i64::from(c.to_digit(10).unwrap());
-        let y = x * 10 + d;
-        if y < 0 {
-            overflow = true;
-            continue;
-        }
-        x = y;
-        scale *= 10f64;
-        i += 1;
-    }
-    (x, scale, &s[i..])
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::parse_duration;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_duration() {
-        assert_eq!(parse_duration("8.731µs"), Ok(8731));
-        assert_eq!(parse_duration("50ns"), Ok(50));
-        assert_eq!(parse_duration("3ms"), Ok(3000000));
-        assert_eq!(parse_duration("2us"), Ok(2000));
-        assert_eq!(parse_duration("4.0s"), Ok(4000000000));
-        assert_eq!(parse_duration("1h45m"), Ok(6300000000000));
-        assert_eq!(
-            parse_duration("1"),
-            Err(String::from("missing unit in duration: 1")),
-        );
-    }
-}
@@ -1,570 +1,159 @@
-use core::str;
-use std::{
-    collections::BTreeMap,
-    io::Write,
-    path::PathBuf,
-    process::{Command, Stdio},
-    str::FromStr,
-    time::Duration,
+use alloy_primitives::{keccak256, Address, B256};
+use evm_interpreter::{
+    interpreter::{EtableInterpreter, RunInterpreter},
+    trap::CallCreateTrap,
+    Context, Etable, ExitError, Log, Machine, RuntimeBackend, RuntimeBaseBackend,
+    RuntimeEnvironment, RuntimeState, TransactionContext, Valids,
 };
+use primitive_types::{H160, H256, U256};

-use alloy_genesis::{Genesis, GenesisAccount};
-use alloy_primitives::{hex::ToHexExt, Address, Bytes, B256, U256};
-use alloy_serde::storage::deserialize_storage_map;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::{Deserializer, Value};
-use tempfile::{NamedTempFile, TempPath};
+static RUNTIME_ETABLE: Etable<RuntimeState, UnimplementedHandler, CallCreateTrap> =
+    Etable::runtime();

-pub use self::go_duration::parse_go_duration;
-
-mod go_duration;
-
-const GENESIS_JSON: &str = include_str!("../genesis.json");
-const EXECUTABLE_NAME: &str = "evm";
-const EXECUTABLE_ARGS: [&str; 8] = [
-    "--log.format=json",
-    "run",
-    "--dump",
-    "--nomemory=false",
-    "--noreturndata=false",
-    "--json",
-    "--codefile",
-    "-",
-];
-const EXECUTABLE_ARGS_BENCH: [&str; 6] = [
-    "run",
-    "--bench",
-    "--nomemory=false",
-    "--noreturndata=false",
-    "--codefile",
-    "-",
-];
-const GAS_USED_MARKER: &str = "EVM gas used:";
-const REVERT_MARKER: &str = " error: ";
-
-/// The geth EVM state dump structure
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct StateDump {
-    pub root: Bytes,
-    pub accounts: BTreeMap<Address, Account>,
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct UnimplementedHandler {
+    logs: Vec<Log>,
 }

-impl From<StateDump> for Genesis {
-    fn from(value: StateDump) -> Self {
-        let mut genesis: Genesis = serde_json::from_str(GENESIS_JSON).unwrap();
-        genesis.alloc = value
-            .accounts
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(address, account)| (*address, account.clone().into()))
-            .collect();
-        genesis
+impl RuntimeEnvironment for UnimplementedHandler {
+    fn block_hash(&self, _number: U256) -> H256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn block_number(&self) -> U256 {
+        U256::from(123)
+    }
+    fn block_coinbase(&self) -> H160 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn block_timestamp(&self) -> U256 {
+        U256::from(456)
+    }
+    fn block_difficulty(&self) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn block_randomness(&self) -> Option<H256> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn block_gas_limit(&self) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn block_base_fee_per_gas(&self) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn chain_id(&self) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
    }
 }

-/// The geth EVM state dump account structure
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct Account {
-    pub balance: U256,
-    pub nonce: u64,
-    pub code: Option<Bytes>,
-    #[serde(
-        default,
-        skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none",
-        deserialize_with = "deserialize_storage_map"
-    )]
-    pub storage: Option<BTreeMap<B256, B256>>,
-    pub key: Option<B256>,
-}
+impl RuntimeBaseBackend for UnimplementedHandler {
+    fn balance(&self, _address: H160) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn code_size(&self, _address: H160) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn code_hash(&self, _address: H160) -> H256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn code(&self, _address: H160) -> Vec<u8> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn storage(&self, _address: H160, _index: H256) -> H256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }

-impl From<Account> for GenesisAccount {
-    fn from(value: Account) -> Self {
-        GenesisAccount {
-            balance: value.balance,
-            nonce: Some(value.nonce),
-            code: value.code,
-            storage: value.storage,
-            private_key: value.key,
-        }
+    fn exists(&self, _address: H160) -> bool {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn nonce(&self, _address: H160) -> U256 {
+        unimplemented!()
    }
 }

-/// Contains the output from geth `emv` invocations
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct EvmOutput {
-    pub output: Bytes,
-    #[serde(rename = "gasUsed")]
-    pub gas_used: U256,
-    pub error: Option<String>,
-}
+impl RuntimeBackend for UnimplementedHandler {
+    fn original_storage(&self, _address: H160, _index: H256) -> H256 {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }

-impl EvmOutput {
-    /// Return if there was no error found.
-    ///
-    /// Panics if the gas used is zero as this indicates nothing was run.
-    pub fn run_success(&self) -> bool {
-        assert_ne!(self.gas_used, U256::ZERO, "nothing was executed: {self:?}");
-        self.error.is_none()
+    fn deleted(&self, _address: H160) -> bool {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn is_cold(&self, _address: H160, _index: Option<H256>) -> bool {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn mark_hot(&mut self, _address: H160, _index: Option<H256>) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn set_storage(&mut self, _address: H160, _index: H256, _value: H256) -> Result<(), ExitError> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn log(&mut self, log: Log) -> Result<(), ExitError> {
+        self.logs.push(log);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    fn mark_delete(&mut self, _address: H160) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn reset_storage(&mut self, _address: H160) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn set_code(&mut self, _address: H160, _code: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), ExitError> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn reset_balance(&mut self, _address: H160) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn deposit(&mut self, _address: H160, _value: U256) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+    fn withdrawal(&mut self, _address: H160, _value: U256) -> Result<(), ExitError> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn inc_nonce(&mut self, _address: H160) -> Result<(), ExitError> {
+        unimplemented!()
    }
 }

-/// Contains the full log from geth `emv` invocations
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct EvmLog {
-    pub account_deployed: Option<Address>,
-    pub output: EvmOutput,
-    pub state_dump: StateDump,
-    pub stderr: String,
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct PreparedEvm {
+    pub valids: Valids,
+    pub vm: Machine<RuntimeState>,
 }

-impl EvmLog {
-    pub const EXECUTION_TIME_MARKER: &'static str = "execution time:";
+pub fn prepare(code: Vec<u8>, data: Vec<u8>) -> PreparedEvm {
+    let address = Address::default().create2(B256::default(), keccak256([]).0);
+    let caller = Address::default().create2(B256::default(), keccak256([]).0);

-    /// Parse the reported execution time from stderr (requires --bench)
-    pub fn execution_time(&self) -> Result<Duration, String> {
-        for line in self.stderr.lines() {
-            if let Some(value) = line.split("execution time:").nth(1) {
-                return parse_go_duration(value.trim());
-            }
+    let state = RuntimeState {
+        context: Context {
+            address: H160::from(address.0 .0),
+            caller: H160::from(caller.0 .0),
+            apparent_value: U256::default(),
+        },
+        transaction_context: TransactionContext {
+            gas_price: U256::default(),
+            origin: H160::default(),
        }
+        .into(),
+        retbuf: Vec::new(),
+    };

-        Err(format!(
-            "execution time marker '{}' not found in raw EVM log",
-            Self::EXECUTION_TIME_MARKER
-        ))
-    }
-
-    fn parse_gas_used_from_bench(&mut self) {
-        for line in self.stderr.lines() {
-            if let Some(gas_line) = line.split(GAS_USED_MARKER).nth(1) {
-                let gas_used = gas_line.trim().parse::<u64>().unwrap_or_else(|error| {
-                    panic!("invalid output '{gas_line}' for gas used: {error}")
-                });
-                self.output.gas_used = U256::from(gas_used);
-            }
-        }
+    PreparedEvm {
+        valids: Valids::new(&code[..]),
+        vm: evm_interpreter::Machine::new(code.into(), data.to_vec().into(), 1024, 0xFFFF, state),
    }
 }

-impl From<&str> for EvmLog {
-    fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
-        let mut output = None;
-        let mut state_dump = None;
-        for value in Deserializer::from_str(value).into_iter::<Value>() {
-            let Ok(value) = value else { continue };
-            if let Ok(value @ EvmOutput { .. }) = serde_json::from_value(value.clone()) {
-                output = Some(value);
-                continue;
-            }
-            if let Ok(value @ StateDump { .. }) = serde_json::from_value(value) {
-                state_dump = Some(value);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let (Some(output), Some(state_dump)) = (output, state_dump) {
-            return Self {
-                account_deployed: None,
-                output,
-                state_dump,
-                stderr: value.into(),
-            };
-        }
-
-        EvmLog {
-            account_deployed: None,
-            output: EvmOutput {
-                error: value.find(REVERT_MARKER).map(|_| REVERT_MARKER.to_string()),
-                ..Default::default()
-            },
-            state_dump: Default::default(),
-            stderr: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Builder for running contracts in geth `evm`
-pub struct Evm {
-    genesis_json: Option<String>,
-    genesis_path: Option<PathBuf>,
-    code: Option<Vec<u8>>,
-    input: Option<Bytes>,
-    receiver: Option<String>,
-    sender: String,
-    value: Option<u128>,
-    gas: Option<u64>,
-    create: bool,
-    bench: bool,
-}
-
-impl Default for Evm {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            genesis_json: Some(GENESIS_JSON.to_string()),
-            genesis_path: None,
-            code: None,
-            input: None,
-            receiver: None,
-            sender: Address::default().encode_hex(),
-            value: None,
-            gas: None,
-            create: false,
-            bench: false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Evm {
-    /// Create a new EVM with the given `genesis`
-    pub fn from_genesis(genesis: Genesis) -> Self {
-        Self::default().genesis_json(genesis)
-    }
-
-    /// Run the `code`
-    pub fn code_blob(self, blob: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            code: Some(blob),
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the calldata
-    pub fn input(self, bytes: Bytes) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            input: (!bytes.is_empty()).then_some(bytes),
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the create flag
-    pub fn deploy(self, enable: bool) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            create: enable,
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the transferred value
-    pub fn value(self, value: u128) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            value: Some(value),
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the gas limit
-    pub fn gas(self, limit: u64) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            gas: Some(limit),
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Provide the prestate genesis configuration
-    pub fn genesis_json(self, genesis: Genesis) -> Self {
-        let genesis_json = serde_json::to_string(&genesis).expect("state dump should be valid");
-        // TODO: Investigate
-        let genesis_json = genesis_json.replace("\"0x0\"", "0").into();
-
-        Self {
-            genesis_json,
-            genesis_path: None,
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Provide a path to the genesis file to be used
-    pub fn genesis_path(self, path: PathBuf) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            genesis_path: Some(path),
-            genesis_json: None,
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the callee address
-    pub fn receiver(self, address: Address) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            receiver: Some(address.encode_hex()),
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Set the caller address
-    pub fn sender(self, address: Address) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            sender: address.encode_hex(),
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Run as a benchmark
-    pub fn bench(self, flag: bool) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            bench: flag,
-            ..self
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Calculate the address of the contract account this deploy call would create
-    pub fn expect_account_created(&self) -> Address {
-        assert!(self.create, "expected a deploy call");
-        let sender = Address::from_str(&self.sender).expect("sender address should be valid");
-        let genesis: Genesis = match (self.genesis_json.as_ref(), self.genesis_path.as_ref()) {
-            (Some(json), None) => serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap(),
-            (None, Some(path)) => {
-                serde_json::from_str(&std::fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap()).unwrap()
-            }
-            _ => panic!("provided a genesis json and a genesis json path"),
-        };
-        let nonce = genesis
-            .alloc
-            .get(&sender)
-            .map(|account| account.nonce.unwrap_or(0))
-            .unwrap_or(0);
-        sender.create(nonce)
-    }
-
-    /// Return the path to the genesis file;
-    /// writes the genesis file into a tmpdir if necessary.
-    ///
-    /// `TempPath`` will delete on drop, so need to keep it around
-    fn write_genesis_file(&self, temp_path: &mut Option<TempPath>) -> String {
-        match (self.genesis_json.as_ref(), self.genesis_path.as_ref()) {
-            (Some(json), None) => {
-                let mut temp_file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
-                temp_file.write_all(json.as_bytes()).unwrap();
-                let path = temp_file.into_temp_path();
-                *temp_path = Some(path);
-                temp_path.as_ref().unwrap().display().to_string()
-            }
-            (None, Some(path)) => path.display().to_string(),
-            _ => panic!("provided a genesis json and a genesis json path"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Run the call in a geth `evm` subprocess.
-    ///
-    /// Definitively not a hairy plumbing function.
-    pub fn run(self) -> EvmLog {
-        let mut temp_path = None;
-        let genesis_json_path = &self.write_genesis_file(&mut temp_path);
-
-        // Static args
-        let mut command = Command::new(PathBuf::from(EXECUTABLE_NAME));
-        command
-            .stdin(Stdio::piped())
-            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
-            .stderr(Stdio::piped());
-        if self.bench {
-            command.args(EXECUTABLE_ARGS_BENCH);
-        } else {
-            command.args(EXECUTABLE_ARGS);
-        };
-
-        // Dynamic args
-        command.args(["--prestate", genesis_json_path]);
-        command.args(["--sender", &self.sender]);
-        if let Some(input) = &self.input {
-            command.args(["--input", hex::encode(input).as_str()]);
-        }
-        let account_deployed = if self.create {
-            command.arg("--create");
-            self.expect_account_created().into()
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-        match (&self.code, &self.receiver) {
-            (Some(_), None) => {}
-            (None, Some(address)) => {
-                command.args(["--receiver", address]);
-            }
-            (Some(_), Some(_)) => panic!("code and receiver specified"),
-            _ => panic!("no code file or receiver specified"),
-        }
-        if let Some(gas) = self.gas {
-            command.args(["--gas", &format!("{gas}")]);
-        }
-        if let Some(value) = self.value {
-            command.args(["--value", &format!("{value}")]);
-        }
-
-        // Run the evm subprocess and assert success return value
-        let process = command.spawn().unwrap_or_else(|error| {
-            panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} subprocess spawning error: {error:?}")
-        });
-        let buf = vec![];
-        process
-            .stdin
-            .as_ref()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stdin getting error"))
-            .write_all(self.code.as_ref().unwrap_or(&buf))
-            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stdin writing error: {err:?}"));
-
-        let output = process
-            .wait_with_output()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} subprocess output error: {err}"));
-        assert!(
-            output.status.success(),
-            "{EXECUTABLE_NAME} command failed: {output:?}",
-        );
-        drop(temp_path);
-
-        let stdout = str::from_utf8(output.stdout.as_slice())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stdout failed to parse: {err}"));
-        let stderr = str::from_utf8(output.stderr.as_slice())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("{EXECUTABLE_NAME} stderr failed to parse: {err}"));
-
-        let mut log: EvmLog = stdout.into();
-        log.stderr = stderr.into();
-        if self.bench {
-            log.parse_gas_used_from_bench();
-        }
-
-        // Set the deployed account
-        log.account_deployed = account_deployed;
-        log
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::{str::FromStr, time::Duration};
-
-    use alloy_genesis::Genesis;
-    use alloy_primitives::{Bytes, B256, U256};
-
-    use crate::{Evm, EvmLog, EvmOutput, StateDump};
-
-    const OUTPUT_JSON_OK: &str = r#"{"output":"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","gasUsed":"0x11d"}"#;
-    const OUTPUT_JSON_REVERTED: &str =
-        r#"{"output":"","gasUsed":"0x2d","error":"execution reverted"}"#;
-    const STATE_DUMP: &str = r#"
-{
-    "root": "eb5d51177cb9049b848ea92f87f9a3f00abfb683d0866c2eddecc5692ad27f86",
-    "accounts": {
-        "0x1f2a98889594024BFfdA3311CbE69728d392C06D": {
-            "balance": "0",
-            "nonce": 1,
-            "root": "0x63cfcda8d81a8b1840b1b9722c37f929a4037e53ad1ce6abdef31c0c8bac1f61",
-            "codeHash": "0xa6e0062c5ba829446695f179b97702a75f7d354e33445d2e928ed00e1a39e88f",
-            "code": "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",
-            "storage": {
-                "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000": "02"
-            },
-            "address": "0x1f2a98889594024bffda3311cbe69728d392c06d",
-            "key": "0xcbeeb4463624bc2f332dcfe2b479eddb1c380ec862ee63d9f31b31b854fb7c61"
-        }
-    }
-}"#;
-    const EVM_BIN_FIXTURE: &str = "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";
-    const EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE: &str = "6080604052348015600e575f80fd5b50600436106026575f3560e01c8063cde4efa914602a575b5f80fd5b60306032565b005b5f8054906101000a900460ff16155f806101000a81548160ff02191690831515021790555056fea264697066735822122046c92dd2fd612b1ed93d184dad4c49f61c44690722c4a6c7c746ebeb0aadeb4a64736f6c63430008190033";
-    const EVM_BIN_FIXTURE_INPUT: &str =
-        "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001";
-    const EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT: &str = "cde4efa9";
-    const STDERR_BENCH_OK: &str = r#"EVM gas used:    560071
-execution time:  1.460881ms
-allocations:     29
-allocated bytes: 2558
-"#;
-    const STDERR_BENCH_REVERT: &str = r#"EVM gas used:    69
-execution time:  10.11µs
-allocations:     43
-allocated bytes: 3711"#;
-    const STDOUT_BENCH_REVERT: &str = r#" error: execution reverted"#;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_evm_output_ok() {
-        serde_json::from_str::<EvmOutput>(OUTPUT_JSON_OK).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_evm_output_revert() {
-        serde_json::from_str::<EvmOutput>(OUTPUT_JSON_REVERTED).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_evm_output_bench_ok() {
-        let mut log = EvmLog::from("");
-        log.stderr = STDERR_BENCH_OK.into();
-        log.parse_gas_used_from_bench();
-        assert!(log.output.run_success());
-
-        assert_eq!(log.execution_time().unwrap(), Duration::from_nanos(1460881));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_evm_output_bench_revert() {
-        let mut log = EvmLog::from(STDOUT_BENCH_REVERT);
-        log.stderr = STDERR_BENCH_REVERT.into();
-        log.parse_gas_used_from_bench();
-        assert!(!log.output.run_success());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn parse_state_dump() {
-        serde_json::from_str::<StateDump>(STATE_DUMP).unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn evm_log_from_str() {
-        let log = format!("{OUTPUT_JSON_OK}\n{STATE_DUMP}");
-        let _ = EvmLog::from(log.as_str());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn generate_genesis() {
-        let log = format!("{OUTPUT_JSON_OK}\n{STATE_DUMP}");
-        let log = EvmLog::from(log.as_str());
-        let mut genesis: Genesis = log.state_dump.into();
-        let storage = genesis
-            .alloc
-            .pop_first()
-            .expect("should have one account in genesis")
-            .1
-            .storage
-            .expect("genesis account should have storage");
-        let storage_value = storage
-            .get(&B256::ZERO)
-            .expect("genesis account should have key 0 occupied");
-        assert_eq!(*storage_value, B256::from(U256::from(2)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn flipper() {
-        let log_runtime = Evm::default()
-            .code_blob(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE.as_bytes().to_vec())
-            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
-            .run();
-        assert!(log_runtime.output.run_success());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn prestate() {
-        let log_deploy = Evm::default()
-            .code_blob(EVM_BIN_FIXTURE.as_bytes().to_vec())
-            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
-            .deploy(true)
-            .run();
-        assert!(log_deploy.output.run_success());
-
-        let address = log_deploy.account_deployed.unwrap();
-        let genesis: Genesis = log_deploy.state_dump.into();
-        let log_runtime = Evm::default()
-            .genesis_json(genesis)
-            .receiver(address)
-            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
-            .run();
-        assert!(log_runtime.output.run_success(), "{:?}", log_runtime.output);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    #[ignore] // https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/30778
-    fn bench_flipper() {
-        let log_runtime = Evm::default()
-            .code_blob(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE.as_bytes().to_vec())
-            .input(Bytes::from_str(EVM_BIN_RUNTIME_FIXTURE_INPUT).unwrap())
-            .bench(true)
-            .run();
-        assert!(log_runtime.output.run_success());
-        assert!(log_runtime.execution_time().unwrap() > Duration::from_nanos(0));
-    }
+pub fn execute(pre: PreparedEvm) -> (Vec<u8>, Vec<Log>) {
+    let mut vm = EtableInterpreter::new_valid(pre.vm, &RUNTIME_ETABLE, pre.valids);
+    let mut handler = UnimplementedHandler::default();
+    vm.run(&mut handler).exit().unwrap().unwrap();
+    (vm.retval.clone(), handler.logs)
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "revive-extensions"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+inkwell = { workspace = true, features = ["target-riscv", "no-libffi-linking", "llvm18-0"] }
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+target datalayout = "e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-n32-S128"
+target triple = "riscv32-unknown-unknown-elf"
+
+define dso_local noundef i256 @__bswap(i256 noundef %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 {
+  %2 = tail call i256 @llvm.bswap.i256(i256 %0)
+  ret i256 %2
+}
+
+; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none)
+declare i256 @llvm.bswap.i256(i256) #1
+
+attributes #0 = { alwaysinline mustprogress nofree norecurse nosync nounwind willreturn memory(none) }
+attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none) }
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::{env, fs, path::Path, process::Command};
+
+fn compile(source_path: &str, output_path: &str) {
+    let output = Command::new("llc")
+        .args([
+            "-O3",
+            "-filetype=asm",
+            "-mattr=+zbb,+e",
+            source_path,
+            "-o",
+            output_path,
+        ])
+        .output()
+        .expect("should be able to invoke llc");
+
+    assert!(
+        output.status.success(),
+        "failed to compile {}: {:?}",
+        source_path,
+        output
+    );
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let in_file = "bswap.ll";
+    let out_file = "bswap.s";
+    let out_dir = env::var_os("OUT_DIR").expect("env should have $OUT_DIR");
+    let out_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join(out_file);
+    compile(
+        in_file,
+        out_path.to_str().expect("$OUT_DIR should be UTF-8"),
+    );
+
+    let src_path = Path::new(&out_dir).join("bswap.rs");
+    let src = format!("pub static ASSEMBLY: &str = include_str!(\"{out_file}\");");
+    fs::write(src_path, src).expect("should be able to write in $OUT_DIR");
+
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=bswap.ll");
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//! Custom RISC-V extension in PolkaVM that are partially supported.
+//! We use inline assembly to emit partially supported instructions.
+
+use inkwell::{context::Context, module::Module, support::LLVMString};
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/bswap.rs"));
+
+/// Returns a LLVM module containing a `__bswap` function, which
+/// - Takes a `i256` value argument
+/// - Byte swaps it using `rev8` from the `zbb` extension
+/// - Returns the `i256` value
+/// Returns `Error` if the module fails to validate, which should never happen.
+pub fn module<'context>(
+    context: &'context Context,
+    module_name: &str,
+) -> Result<Module<'context>, LLVMString> {
+    let module = context.create_module(module_name);
+
+    module.set_inline_assembly(ASSEMBLY);
+    module.verify()?;
+
+    Ok(module)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn assembly_contains_rev8_instruction() {
+        assert!(crate::ASSEMBLY.contains("rev8"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn module_is_valid() {
+        inkwell::targets::Target::initialize_riscv(&Default::default());
+        let context = inkwell::context::Context::create();
+
+        assert!(crate::module(&context, "polkavm_bswap").is_ok());
+    }
+}
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-integration"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-authors.workspace = true
-description = "revive compiler integration test cases"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
 polkavm = { workspace = true }
@@ -13,14 +11,11 @@ alloy-primitives = { workspace = true }
 alloy-sol-types = { workspace = true }
 hex = { workspace = true }
 env_logger = { workspace = true }
-log = { workspace = true }
-serde_json = { workspace = true }

-revive-solidity = { workspace = true }
-revive-differential = { workspace = true }
-revive-llvm-context = { workspace = true }
-revive-common = { workspace = true }
-revive-runner = { workspace = true }
+revive-solidity = { path = "../solidity" }
+revive-differential = { path = "../differential" }
+revive-llvm-context = { path = "../llvm-context" }
+revive-common = { path = "../common" }

 [dev-dependencies]
 sha1 = { workspace = true }
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
-  "Baseline": 1110,
-  "Computation": 2389,
-  "DivisionArithmetics": 14822,
-  "ERC20": 23973,
-  "Events": 1605,
-  "FibonacciIterative": 2023,
-  "Flipper": 1989,
-  "SHA1": 17026
+  "Baseline": 3944,
+  "Computation": 7444,
+  "DivisionArithmetics": 42784,
+  "ERC20": 56199,
+  "Events": 4784,
+  "FibonacciIterative": 6019,
+  "Flipper": 4392,
+  "SHA1": 36107
 }
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": false,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "BaseFee"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "VerifyCall": {
-                "success": true
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract BaseFee {
-    constructor() payable {
-        assert(block.basefee == 0);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

-/* runner.json
-
-{
-  "actions": [
-    {
-      "Instantiate": {
-        "origin": "Alice",
-        "value": 0
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-
-*/
-
 pragma solidity ^0.8;

 contract Baseline {
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Bitwise"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "3fa4f245"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract Bitwise {
-    function opByte(uint i, uint x) public payable returns (uint ret) {
-        assembly {
-            ret := byte(i, x)
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -2,49 +2,12 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Block"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "8381f58a"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b80777ea"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract Block {
    function timestamp() public view returns (uint ret) {
        ret = block.timestamp;
    }

    function number() public view returns (uint ret) {
-        if (block.number == 0) {
-            ret = 1;
-        } else {
-            ret = block.number;
-        }
+        ret = block.number;
    }
 }
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": false,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "BlockHash"
-                    }
-                },
-                "data": "4545454545454545454545454545454545454545454545454545454545454545"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract BlockHash {
-    constructor(bytes32 expected) payable {
-        assert(blockhash(0) == expected);
-        assert(blockhash(1) == 0);
-        assert(
-            blockhash(
-                0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
-            ) == 0
-        );
-    }
-}
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Callee"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Caller"
-                    }
-                },
-                "value": 123
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "5a6535fc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004cafebabe00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract Callee {
-    function echo(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
-        return payload;
-    }
-
-    receive() external payable {}
-}
-
-contract Caller {
-    constructor() payable {
-        Callee callee = new Callee();
-        payable(address(callee)).transfer(msg.value);
-    }
-
-    function call(bytes memory payload) public returns (bytes memory) {
-        Callee callee = new Callee();
-        return callee.echo(payload);
-    }
-}
@@ -2,44 +2,6 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "actions": [
-    {
-      "Instantiate": {}
-    },
-    {
-      "Call": {
-        "dest": {
-            "Instantiated": 0
-        },
-        "data": "0f760610000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-        "VerifyCall": {
-            "success": true,
-            "output": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005b"
-        }
-    },
-    {
-      "Call": {
-        "dest": {
-            "Instantiated": 0
-        },
-        "data": "00261b660000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-        "VerifyCall": {
-            "success": true,
-            "output": "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003b1"
-        }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract Computation {
    function triangle_number(int64 n) public pure returns (int64 sum) {
        unchecked {
@@ -2,47 +2,6 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Context"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "846a1ee1"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "fc9c8d39"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "3af973b1"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract Context {
    function address_this() public view returns (address ret) {
        ret = address(this);
@@ -51,12 +10,4 @@ contract Context {
    function caller() public view returns (address ret) {
        ret = msg.sender;
    }
-
-    function chain_id() public view returns (uint) {
-        uint256 id;
-        assembly {
-            id := chainid()
-        }
-        return id;
-    }
 }
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "CreateA"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "CreateB"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "value": 10000
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract CreateA {
-    constructor() payable {}
-}
-
-contract CreateB {
-    receive() external payable {
-        new CreateA{value: msg.value}();
-    }
-
-    fallback() external {
-        new CreateA{salt: hex"01"}();
-    }
-}
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-  "differential": true,
-  "actions": [
-    {
-      "Instantiate": {
-        "code": {
-          "Solidity": {
-            "contract": "TestSha3"
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "Call": {
-        "dest": {
-          "Instantiated": 0
-        },
-        "data": "f9fbd5540000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c68656c6c6f20776f726c64210000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract TestSha3 {
-    function test(string memory _pre) external payable returns (bytes32) {
-        bytes32 hash = keccak256(bytes(_pre));
-        return bytes32(uint(hash) + 1);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Logic"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Tester"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "value": 123,
-                "data": "6466414b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract Logic {
-    // NOTE: storage layout must be the same as contract Tester
-    uint256 public num;
-    address public sender;
-    uint256 public value;
-
-    uint public immutable multiplier = 4;
-
-    event DidSetVars();
-
-    function setVars(uint256 _num) public payable returns (uint256) {
-        num = _num * multiplier;
-        sender = msg.sender;
-        value = msg.value;
-        emit DidSetVars();
-        return _num;
-    }
-}
-
-contract Tester {
-    uint256 public num;
-    address public sender;
-    uint256 public value;
-
-    uint public immutable multiplier = 2;
-
-    function setVars(uint256 _num) public payable returns (bool, bytes memory) {
-        Logic impl = new Logic();
-
-        // Tester's storage is set, Logic is not modified.
-        (bool success, bytes memory data) = address(impl).delegatecall(
-            abi.encodeWithSignature("setVars(uint256)", _num)
-        );
-
-        assert(success);
-        assert(impl.num() == 0);
-        assert(impl.sender() == address(0));
-        assert(impl.value() == 0);
-        assert(num == _num * 4);
-        assert(sender == msg.sender);
-        assert(value == msg.value);
-
-        return (success, data);
-    }
-}
@@ -2,32 +2,6 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "ERC20"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "ERC20Tester"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
 // https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.0.0/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol
 interface IERC20 {
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);
@@ -98,26 +72,3 @@ contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
        emit Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), amount);
    }
 }
-
-contract ERC20Tester {
-    constructor() {
-        address BOB = address(0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
-        ERC20 token = new ERC20();
-        assert(token.decimals() == 18);
-
-        token.mint(300);
-        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 300);
-        token.transfer(BOB, 100);
-        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 200);
-        assert(token.balanceOf(BOB) == 100);
-
-        token.approve(address(this), 100);
-
-        token.transferFrom(address(this), BOB, 100);
-        assert(token.balanceOf(BOB) == 200);
-        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 100);
-
-        token.burn(100);
-        assert(token.balanceOf(address(this)) == 0);
-    }
-}
@@ -2,39 +2,6 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Events"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "4d43bec90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "4d43bec9000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007b"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract Events {
    event A() anonymous;
    event E(uint, uint indexed, uint indexed, uint indexed);
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-contract ExtCode {
-    function ExtCodeSize(address who) public view returns (uint ret) {
-        assembly {
-            ret := extcodesize(who)
-        }
-    }
-
-    function CodeSize() public pure returns (uint ret) {
-        assembly {
-            ret := codesize()
-        }
-    }
-
-    function ExtCodeHash(address who) public view returns (bytes32 ret) {
-        assembly {
-            ret := extcodehash(who)
-        }
-    }
-
-    function CodeHash() public view returns (bytes32 ret) {
-        assembly {
-            ret := extcodehash(address())
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -2,29 +2,7 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "actions": [
-    {
-      "Instantiate": {}
-    },
-    {
-      "Call": {
-        "dest": {
-            "Instantiated": 0
-        },
-        "data": "6b83dd2e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-        "VerifyCall": {
-            "success": true,
-            "output": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008"
-        }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-*/
+// https://medium.com/coinmonks/fibonacci-in-solidity-8477d907e22a

 contract FibonacciRecursive {
    function f(uint n) internal pure returns (uint) {
@@ -58,7 +36,6 @@ contract FibonacciIterative {
    }
 }

-// https://medium.com/coinmonks/fibonacci-in-solidity-8477d907e22a
 contract FibonacciBinet {
    function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint a) {
        if (n == 0) {
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": false,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "GasLeft"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "VerifyCall": {
-                "success": true
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract GasLeft {
-    constructor() payable {
-        assert(gasleft() > gasleft());
-        assert(gasleft() > 0 && gasleft() < 0xffffffffffffffff);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": false,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "GasLimit"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "VerifyCall": {
-                "success": true
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract GasLimit {
-    constructor() payable {
-        assert(block.gaslimit == 2000000000000);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": false,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "GasPrice"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "VerifyCall": {
-                "success": true
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract GasPrice {
-    constructor() payable {
-        assert(tx.gasprice == 1);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-  "differential": true,
-  "actions": [
-    {
-      "Upload": {
-        "code": {
-          "Solidity": {
-            "contract": "ImmutablesTester"
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "Instantiate": {
-        "code": {
-          "Solidity": {
-            "contract": "Immutables"
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "Call": {
-        "dest": {
-          "Instantiated": 0
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract ImmutablesTester {
-    // Read should work in the runtime code
-    uint public immutable foo;
-    // Read should work in the runtime code
-    uint public immutable bar;
-    // Read should work in the runtime code
-    uint public immutable zoo;
-
-    // Assign and read should work in the constructor
-    constructor(uint _foo) payable {
-        foo = _foo;
-        bar = foo + 1;
-        zoo = bar + 2;
-
-        assert(zoo == _foo + 3);
-    }
-}
-
-contract Immutables {
-    fallback() external {
-        ImmutablesTester tester = new ImmutablesTester(127);
-
-        assert(tester.foo() == 127);
-        assert(tester.bar() == tester.foo() + 1);
-        assert(tester.zoo() == tester.bar() + 2);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "MCopy"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "0ee188b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000030102030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract MCopy {
-    function memcpy(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
-        return payload;
-    }
-}
@@ -2,40 +2,6 @@

 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-    {
-        "Instantiate": {
-            "code": {
-                "Solidity": {
-                    "contract": "MSize",
-                    "solc_optimizer": false
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    },
-    {
-        "Call": {
-            "dest": {
-                "Instantiated": 0
-            },
-            "data": "f016832c"
-        }
-    },
-    {
-        "Call": {
-            "dest": {
-                "Instantiated": 0
-            },
-            "data": "f4a63aa5"
-        }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract MSize {
    uint[] public data;

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "MStore8"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad42100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ff"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad4210000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000102"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad42100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000075bcd15"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "b09ad421ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract MStore8 {
-    function mStore8(uint value) public pure returns (uint256 word) {
-        assembly {
-            mstore8(0x80, value)
-            word := mload(0x80)
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Callee"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "ReturnDataOob"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract Callee {
-    function echo(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory) {
-        return payload;
-    }
-}
-
-contract ReturnDataOob {
-    fallback() external {
-        new Callee().echo(hex"1234");
-        assembly {
-            let pos := mload(64)
-            let size := add(returndatasize(), 1)
-            returndatacopy(pos, 0, size)
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,31 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "SHA1"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "1605782b00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract SHA1 {
    function sha1(bytes memory data) public pure returns (bytes20 ret) {
        assembly {
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Storage"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "fabc9efaffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "558b9f9bffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract Storage {
-    function transient(uint value) public returns (uint ret) {
-        assembly {
-            let slot := 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00
-            tstore(slot, value)
-            let success := call(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-            ret := tload(slot)
-        }
-    }
-
-    function persistent(uint value) public returns (uint ret) {
-        assembly {
-            let slot := 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00
-            sstore(slot, value)
-            ret := sload(slot)
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "TransactionOrigin"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "TransactionTester"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "f8a8fd6d"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract TransactionTester {
-    constructor() payable {
-        assert(tx.origin == new TransactionOrigin().test());
-    }
-
-    function test() public payable returns (address ret) {
-        ret = tx.origin;
-    }
-}
-
-contract TransactionOrigin {
-    function test() public payable returns (address ret) {
-        assert(msg.sender != tx.origin);
-
-        ret = tx.origin;
-    }
-}
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-pragma solidity ^0.8;
-
-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Transfer"
-                    }
-                },
-                "value": 11
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "1c8d16b30000000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a"
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "data": "fb9e8d0500000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract Transfer {
-    constructor() payable {
-        transfer_self(msg.value);
-    }
-
-    function address_self() internal view returns (address payable) {
-        return payable(address(this));
-    }
-
-    function transfer_self(uint _amount) public payable {
-        transfer_to(address_self(), _amount);
-    }
-
-    function transfer_to(address payable _dest, uint _amount) public payable {
-        _dest.transfer(_amount);
-    }
-}
@@ -1,65 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-    "differential": true,
-    "actions": [
-        {
-            "Upload": {
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "ValueTester"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Instantiate": {
-                "value": 1024,
-                "code": {
-                    "Solidity": {
-                        "contract": "Value"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "Call": {
-                "dest": {
-                    "Instantiated": 0
-                },
-                "value": 123,
-                "data": "3fa4f245"
-            }
-        }
-    ]
-}
-*/
-
-contract ValueTester {
-    constructor() payable {}
-
-    function balance_self() public view returns (uint ret) {
-        ret = address(this).balance;
-    }
-}
-
 contract Value {
-    constructor() payable {
-        ValueTester tester = new ValueTester{value: msg.value}();
-
-        // own account
-        assert(address(this).balance == 0);
-
-        // tester account
-        assert(address(tester).balance == msg.value);
-        assert(tester.balance_self() == msg.value);
-
-        // non-existant account
-        assert(address(0xdeadbeef).balance == 0);
-    }
-
    function value() public payable returns (uint ret) {
        ret = msg.value;
    }
@@ -1,51 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 pragma solidity ^0.8;

-/* runner.json
-{
-  "actions": [
-    {
-      "Instantiate": {
-        "data": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-        "VerifyStorage": {
-            "contract": {
-                "Instantiated": 0
-            },
-            "key": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-            "expected": "0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-        }
-    },
-    {
-      "Call": {
-        "dest": {
-            "Instantiated": 0
-        },
-        "data": "cde4efa9"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-        "VerifyStorage": {
-            "contract": {
-                "Instantiated": 0
-            },
-            "key": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-            "expected": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
-        }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-*/
-
 contract Flipper {
    bool coin;

-    constructor(bool _coin) {
-        coin = _coin;
-    }
-
    function flip() public {
        coin = !coin;
    }
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+pragma solidity ^0.8;
+
+contract MStore8 {
+    function mStore8(uint value) public pure returns (uint256 word) {
+        assembly {
+            mstore8(0x80, value)
+            word := mload(0x80)
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use alloy_primitives::{Address, Bytes, I256, U256};
-use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall, SolConstructor};
+use alloy_primitives::{I256, U256};
+use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall};

-use revive_solidity::test_utils::*;
+use crate::mock_runtime::{CallOutput, State};

 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Contract {
@@ -11,90 +11,41 @@ pub struct Contract {
    pub calldata: Vec<u8>,
 }

-macro_rules! case {
-    // Arguments:
-    //     1. The file name, expect to live under "../contracts/"
-    //     2. The Solidity contract name
-    //     3. The derived Solidity function call name
-    //     4. The method name on [Contract]
-    //     5. Any parameters to the Solidity functions
-    ($file_name:literal, $contract_name:ident, $contract_method:ident, $method_name:ident, $( $v:ident: $t:ty ),* ) => {
-        impl Contract {
-            pub fn $method_name($($v: $t),*) -> Self {
-                let code = include_str!(concat!("../contracts/", $file_name));
-                let args = $contract_name::$contract_method::new(($($v,)*)).abi_encode();
-                let name = stringify!($contract_name);
-                Contract::build(args, name, code)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Arguments:
-    //     1. The file name, expect to live under "../contracts/"
-    //     2. The Solidity contract name
-    //     3. Raw Calldata
-    //     4. The method name on [Contract]
-    ($file_name:literal, $contract_name:literal, $calldata:expr, $method_name:ident) => {
-        impl Contract {
-            pub fn $method_name() -> Self {
-                let code = include_str!(concat!("../contracts/", $file_name));
-                Contract::build($calldata, $contract_name, code)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-case!("Create.sol", "CreateA", vec![0; 4], create_a);
-case!("Create.sol", "CreateB", vec![0; 4], create_b);
-
 sol!(contract Baseline { function baseline() public payable; });
-case!("Baseline.sol", Baseline, baselineCall, baseline,);

-sol!(contract Flipper {
-    constructor (bool);
-
-    function flip() public;
-});
-case!("flipper.sol", Flipper, flipCall, flipper,);
-case!("flipper.sol", Flipper, constructorCall, flipper_constructor, coin: bool);
+sol!(contract Flipper { function flip() public; });

 sol!(contract Computation {
    function odd_product(int32 n) public pure returns (int64);
    function triangle_number(int64 n) public pure returns (int64 sum);
 });
-case!("Computation.sol", Computation, odd_productCall, odd_product, n: i32);
-case!("Computation.sol", Computation, triangle_numberCall, triangle_number, n: i64);

 sol!(
    contract FibonacciRecursive {
        function fib3(uint n) public pure returns (uint);
    }
 );
-case!("Fibonacci.sol", FibonacciRecursive, fib3Call, fib_recursive, n: U256);

 sol!(
    contract FibonacciIterative {
        function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint b);
    }
 );
-case!("Fibonacci.sol", FibonacciIterative, fib3Call, fib_iterative, n: U256);

 sol!(
    contract FibonacciBinet {
        function fib3(uint n) external pure returns (uint a);
    }
 );
-case!("Fibonacci.sol", FibonacciBinet, fib3Call, fib_binet, n: U256);

 sol!(
    contract SHA1 {
        function sha1(bytes memory data) public pure returns (bytes20 ret);
    }
 );
-case!("SHA1.sol", SHA1, sha1Call, sha1, pre: Bytes);

 sol!(
-    contract ERC20 {
+    interface IERC20 {
        function totalSupply() external view returns (uint);

        function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint);
@@ -118,7 +69,6 @@ sol!(
        event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
    }
 );
-case!("ERC20.sol", ERC20, totalSupplyCall, erc20,);

 sol!(
    contract Block {
@@ -127,8 +77,6 @@ sol!(
        function number() public view returns (uint ret);
    }
 );
-case!("Block.sol", Block, numberCall, block_number,);
-case!("Block.sol", Block, timestampCall, block_timestamp,);

 sol!(
    contract Context {
@@ -137,8 +85,6 @@ sol!(
        function caller() public pure returns (address);
    }
 );
-case!("Context.sol", Context, address_thisCall, context_address,);
-case!("Context.sol", Context, callerCall, context_caller,);

 sol!(
    contract DivisionArithmetics {
@@ -151,17 +97,12 @@ sol!(
        function smod(int n, int d) public pure returns (int r);
    }
 );
-case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, divCall, division_arithmetics_div, n: U256, d: U256);
-case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, sdivCall, division_arithmetics_sdiv, n: I256, d: I256);
-case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, modCall, division_arithmetics_mod, n: U256, d: U256);
-case!("DivisionArithmetics.sol", DivisionArithmetics, smodCall, division_arithmetics_smod, n: I256, d: I256);

 sol!(
    contract MStore8 {
        function mStore8(uint value) public pure returns (uint256 word);
    }
 );
-case!("MStore8.sol", MStore8, mStore8Call, mstore8, value: U256);

 sol!(
    contract Events {
@@ -171,84 +112,258 @@ sol!(
        function emitEvent(uint topics) public;
    }
 );
-case!("Events.sol", Events, emitEventCall, event, topics: U256);
-
-sol!(
-    contract ExtCode {
-        function ExtCodeSize(address who) public view returns (uint ret);
-
-        function CodeSize() public pure returns (uint ret);
-
-        function ExtCodeHash(address who) public view returns (bytes32 ret);
-
-        function CodeHash() public view returns (bytes32 ret);
-    }
-);
-case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, ExtCodeSizeCall, ext_code_size, address: Address);
-case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, CodeSizeCall, code_size,);
-case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, ExtCodeHashCall, ext_code_hash, address: Address);
-case!("ExtCode.sol", ExtCode, CodeHashCall, code_hash,);
-
-sol!(
-    contract MCopy {
-        function memcpy(bytes memory payload) public pure returns (bytes memory);
-    }
-);
-case!("MCopy.sol", MCopy, memcpyCall, memcpy, payload: Bytes);
-
-sol!(
-    contract Call {
-        function value_transfer(address payable destination) public payable;
-
-        function echo(bytes memory payload) public payable returns (bytes memory);
-
-        function call(
-            address callee,
-            bytes memory payload
-        ) public payable returns (bytes memory);
-    }
-);
-case!("Call.sol", Call, value_transferCall, call_value_transfer, destination: Address);
-case!("Call.sol", Call, callCall, call_call, destination: Address, payload: Bytes);
-case!("Call.sol", "Call", vec![], call_constructor);
-
-sol!(
-    contract Value {
-        function balance_of(address _address) public view returns (uint ret);
-        function balance_self() public view returns (uint ret);
-    }
-);
-case!("Value.sol", Value, balance_ofCall, value_balance_of, address: Address);
-case!("Value.sol", Value, balance_selfCall, value_balance_self,);
-
-sol!(
-    contract Bitwise {
-        function opByte(uint i, uint x) public payable returns (uint ret);
-    }
-);
-case!("Bitwise.sol", Bitwise, opByteCall, bitwise_byte, index: U256, value: U256);
-
-sol!(
-    contract Storage {
-        function transient(uint value) public returns (uint ret);
-    }
-);
-case!("Storage.sol", Storage, transientCall, storage_transient, value: U256);

 impl Contract {
-    fn build(calldata: Vec<u8>, name: &'static str, code: &str) -> Self {
+    /// Execute the contract.
+    ///
+    /// Useful helper if the contract state can be ignored,
+    /// as it spares the deploy transaciton.
+    ///
+    /// - Inserts an account with given `code` into a new state.
+    /// - Callee and caller account will be `Transaction::default_address()`.
+    /// - Sets the calldata.
+    /// - Doesn't execute the constructor or deploy code.
+    /// - Calls the "call" export on a default backend config.
+    pub fn execute(&self) -> (State, CallOutput) {
+        State::default()
+            .transaction()
+            .with_default_account(&self.pvm_runtime)
+            .calldata(self.calldata.clone())
+            .call()
+    }
+
+    pub fn baseline() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Baseline.sol");
+        let name = "Baseline";
+
        Self {
            name,
-            evm_runtime: compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
-            pvm_runtime: compile_blob(name, code),
-            calldata,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Baseline::baselineCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn odd_product(n: i32) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Computation.sol");
+        let name = "Computation";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Computation::odd_productCall::new((n,)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn triangle_number(n: i64) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Computation.sol");
+        let name = "Computation";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Computation::triangle_numberCall::new((n,)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fib_recursive(n: u32) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Fibonacci.sol");
+        let name = "FibonacciRecursive";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: FibonacciRecursive::fib3Call::new((U256::from(n),)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fib_iterative(n: u32) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Fibonacci.sol");
+        let name = "FibonacciIterative";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: FibonacciIterative::fib3Call::new((U256::from(n),)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fib_binet(n: u32) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Fibonacci.sol");
+        let name = "FibonacciBinet";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: FibonacciBinet::fib3Call::new((U256::from(n),)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn sha1(pre: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/SHA1.sol");
+        let name = "SHA1";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: SHA1::sha1Call::new((pre,)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn flipper() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/flipper.sol");
+        let name = "Flipper";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Flipper::flipCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn erc20() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/ERC20.sol");
+        let name = "ERC20";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: IERC20::totalSupplyCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn block_number() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Block.sol");
+        let name = "Block";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Block::numberCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn block_timestamp() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Block.sol");
+        let name = "Block";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Block::timestampCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn context_address() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Context.sol");
+        let name = "Context";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Context::address_thisCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn context_caller() -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Context.sol");
+        let name = "Context";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Context::callerCall::new(()).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn division_arithmetics_div(n: U256, d: U256) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol");
+        let name = "DivisionArithmetics";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: DivisionArithmetics::divCall::new((n, d)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn division_arithmetics_sdiv(n: I256, d: I256) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol");
+        let name = "DivisionArithmetics";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: DivisionArithmetics::sdivCall::new((n, d)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn division_arithmetics_mod(n: U256, d: U256) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol");
+        let name = "DivisionArithmetics";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: DivisionArithmetics::modCall::new((n, d)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn division_arithmetics_smod(n: I256, d: I256) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol");
+        let name = "DivisionArithmetics";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: DivisionArithmetics::smodCall::new((n, d)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn mstore8(value: U256) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/mStore8.sol");
+        let name = "MStore8";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: MStore8::mStore8Call::new((value,)).abi_encode(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn event(topics: U256) -> Self {
+        let code = include_str!("../contracts/Events.sol");
+        let name = "Events";
+
+        Self {
+            name,
+            evm_runtime: crate::compile_evm_bin_runtime(name, code),
+            pvm_runtime: crate::compile_blob(name, code),
+            calldata: Events::emitEventCall::new((topics,)).abi_encode(),
        }
    }
 }

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use alloy_primitives::{Bytes, U256};
+    use alloy_primitives::U256;
    use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
    use serde::{de::Deserialize, Serialize};
    use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fs::File};
@@ -291,9 +406,9 @@ mod tests {
            Contract::baseline as fn() -> Contract,
            Contract::flipper as fn() -> Contract,
            (|| Contract::odd_product(0)) as fn() -> Contract,
-            (|| Contract::fib_iterative(U256::ZERO)) as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::fib_iterative(0)) as fn() -> Contract,
            Contract::erc20 as fn() -> Contract,
-            (|| Contract::sha1(Bytes::new())) as fn() -> Contract,
+            (|| Contract::sha1(Vec::new())) as fn() -> Contract,
            (|| Contract::division_arithmetics_div(U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO)) as fn() -> Contract,
            (|| Contract::event(U256::ZERO)) as fn() -> Contract,
        ]
@@ -1,4 +1,108 @@
+use alloy_primitives::{Address, U256};
+use cases::Contract;
+use mock_runtime::{CallOutput, State};
+
+use crate::mock_runtime::{Event, ReturnFlags};
+
 pub mod cases;
+pub mod mock_runtime;

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
+
+/// Compile the blob of `contract_name` found in given `source_code`.
+/// The `solc` optimizer will be enabled
+pub fn compile_blob(contract_name: &str, source_code: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    compile_blob_with_options(
+        contract_name,
+        source_code,
+        true,
+        revive_solidity::SolcPipeline::Yul,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Compile the EVM bin-runtime of `contract_name` found in given `source_code`.
+/// The `solc` optimizer will be enabled
+pub fn compile_evm_bin_runtime(contract_name: &str, source_code: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let file_name = "contract.sol";
+
+    let contracts = revive_solidity::test_utils::build_solidity_with_options_evm(
+        [(file_name.into(), source_code.into())].into(),
+        Default::default(),
+        None,
+        revive_solidity::SolcPipeline::Yul,
+        true,
+    )
+    .expect("source should compile");
+    let bin_runtime = &contracts
+        .get(contract_name)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("contract '{}' didn't produce bin-runtime", contract_name))
+        .object;
+
+    hex::decode(bin_runtime).expect("bin-runtime shold be hex encoded")
+}
+
+/// Compile the blob of `contract_name` found in given `source_code`.
+pub fn compile_blob_with_options(
+    contract_name: &str,
+    source_code: &str,
+    solc_optimizer_enabled: bool,
+    pipeline: revive_solidity::SolcPipeline,
+) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let file_name = "contract.sol";
+
+    let contracts = revive_solidity::test_utils::build_solidity_with_options(
+        [(file_name.into(), source_code.into())].into(),
+        Default::default(),
+        None,
+        pipeline,
+        revive_llvm_context::OptimizerSettings::cycles(),
+        solc_optimizer_enabled,
+    )
+    .expect("source should compile")
+    .contracts
+    .expect("source should contain at least one contract");
+
+    let bytecode = contracts[file_name][contract_name]
+        .evm
+        .as_ref()
+        .expect("source should produce EVM output")
+        .bytecode
+        .as_ref()
+        .expect("source should produce assembly text")
+        .object
+        .as_str();
+
+    hex::decode(bytecode).expect("hex encoding should always be valid")
+}
+
+pub fn assert_success(contract: &Contract, differential: bool) -> (State, CallOutput) {
+    let (state, output) = contract.execute();
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+
+    if differential {
+        let evm =
+            revive_differential::prepare(contract.evm_runtime.clone(), contract.calldata.clone());
+        let (evm_output, evm_log) = revive_differential::execute(evm);
+
+        assert_eq!(output.data.clone(), evm_output);
+        assert_eq!(output.events.len(), evm_log.len());
+        assert_eq!(
+            output.events,
+            evm_log
+                .iter()
+                .map(|log| Event {
+                    address: Address::from_slice(log.address.as_bytes()),
+                    data: log.data.clone(),
+                    topics: log
+                        .topics
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|topic| U256::from_be_bytes(topic.0))
+                        .collect(),
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+    }
+
+    (state, output)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+//! Mock environment used for integration tests.
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use alloy_primitives::{keccak256, Address, Keccak256, B256, U256};
+use polkavm::{
+    Caller, Config, Engine, ExportIndex, GasMeteringKind, Instance, Linker, Module, ModuleConfig,
+    ProgramBlob, Trap,
+};
+use revive_llvm_context::polkavm_const::runtime_api;
+
+/// The mocked blockchain account.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+struct Account {
+    value: U256,
+    contract: Option<U256>,
+    storage: HashMap<U256, U256>,
+}
+
+/// Emitted event data.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Event {
+    pub address: Address,
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+    pub topics: Vec<U256>,
+}
+
+/// The result of the contract call.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct CallOutput {
+    /// The return flags.
+    pub flags: ReturnFlags,
+    /// The contract call output.
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+    /// The emitted events.
+    pub events: Vec<Event>,
+}
+
+/// The contract blob export to be called.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+enum Export {
+    #[default]
+    Call,
+    Deploy(U256),
+}
+
+/// Possible contract call return flags.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum ReturnFlags {
+    /// The contract execution returned normally.
+    Success = 0,
+    /// The contract execution returned normally but state changes should be reverted.
+    Revert = 1,
+    /// The contract trapped unexpectedly during execution.
+    #[default]
+    Trap = u32::MAX,
+}
+
+impl From<u32> for ReturnFlags {
+    fn from(value: u32) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            0 => Self::Success,
+            1 => Self::Revert,
+            u32::MAX => Self::Trap,
+            _ => panic!("invalid return flag: {value}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The local context inside the call stack.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct Frame {
+    /// The account that is being executed.
+    callee: Address,
+    /// The caller account.
+    caller: Address,
+    /// The value transferred with this transaction.
+    callvalue: U256,
+    /// The calldata for the contract execution.
+    input: Vec<u8>,
+    // The contract call output.
+    output: CallOutput,
+    /// The export to call.
+    export: Export,
+}
+
+impl Default for Frame {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            callee: Transaction::default_address(),
+            caller: Transaction::default_address(),
+            callvalue: Default::default(),
+            input: Default::default(),
+            output: Default::default(),
+            export: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The transaction can modify the state by calling contracts.
+///
+/// Use the [TransactionBuilder] to create new transactions.
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Transaction {
+    state: State,
+    stack: Vec<Frame>,
+}
+
+impl Transaction {
+    pub fn default_address() -> Address {
+        Address::default().create2(B256::default(), keccak256([]).0)
+    }
+
+    fn top_frame(&self) -> &Frame {
+        self.stack.last().expect("transactions should have a frame")
+    }
+
+    fn top_frame_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Frame {
+        self.stack
+            .last_mut()
+            .expect("transactions should have a frame")
+    }
+
+    fn top_account_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Account {
+        let account = self.top_frame_mut().callee;
+        self.state
+            .accounts
+            .get_mut(&account)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("callee has no associated account: {account}"))
+    }
+
+    fn create2(&self, salt: U256, blob_hash: U256) -> Address {
+        self.top_frame()
+            .callee
+            .create2(salt.to_be_bytes(), blob_hash.to_be_bytes())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper to create valid transactions.
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TransactionBuilder {
+    context: Transaction,
+    state_before: State,
+}
+
+impl TransactionBuilder {
+    /// Set the caller account.
+    pub fn caller(mut self, account: Address) -> Self {
+        self.context.top_frame_mut().caller = account;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the callee account.
+    pub fn callee(mut self, account: Address) -> Self {
+        self.context.top_frame_mut().callee = account;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the transferred callvalue.
+    pub fn callvalue(mut self, amount: U256) -> Self {
+        self.context.top_frame_mut().callvalue = amount;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the calldata.
+    pub fn calldata(mut self, data: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        self.context.top_frame_mut().input = data;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the transaction to deploy code.
+    pub fn deploy(mut self, code: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let blob_hash = self.context.state.upload_code(code);
+        self.context.top_frame_mut().export = Export::Deploy(blob_hash);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the account at [Transaction::default_address] to the given `code`.
+    ///
+    /// Useful helper to spare the deploy transaction.
+    pub fn with_default_account(mut self, code: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        self.context.state.upload_code(code);
+        self.context.state.create_account(
+            Transaction::default_address(),
+            Default::default(),
+            keccak256(code).into(),
+        );
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Execute the transaction with a default config backend.
+    ///
+    /// Reverts any state changes if the contract reverts or the exuection traps.
+    pub fn call(mut self) -> (State, CallOutput) {
+        let blob_hash = match self.context.top_frame().export {
+            Export::Call => self.context.top_account_mut().contract.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                panic!(
+                    "not a contract account: {}",
+                    self.context.top_frame().callee
+                )
+            }),
+            Export::Deploy(blob_hash) => blob_hash,
+        };
+        let code = self
+            .context
+            .state
+            .blobs
+            .get(&blob_hash)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("contract code not found: {blob_hash}"));
+        let (mut instance, export) = prepare(code, None);
+        self.call_on(&mut instance, export)
+    }
+
+    /// Execute the transaction on a given instance and export.
+    /// The `instance` and `export` are expected to match that of the `Transaction`.
+
+    /// Reverts any state changes if the contract reverts or the exuection traps.
+    pub fn call_on(
+        mut self,
+        instance: &mut Instance<Transaction>,
+        export: ExportIndex,
+    ) -> (State, CallOutput) {
+        let mut state_args = polkavm::StateArgs::default();
+        state_args.set_gas(polkavm::Gas::MAX);
+
+        if let Export::Deploy(blob_hash) = self.context.top_frame().export {
+            self.context.state.create_account(
+                self.context.create2(Default::default(), blob_hash),
+                self.context.top_frame().callvalue,
+                blob_hash,
+            );
+        }
+
+        let callvalue = self.context.top_frame().callvalue;
+        self.context.top_account_mut().value += callvalue;
+
+        let call_args = polkavm::CallArgs::new(&mut self.context, export);
+
+        init_logs();
+
+        match instance.call(state_args, call_args) {
+            Err(polkavm::ExecutionError::Trap(_)) => self.finalize(),
+            Err(other) => panic!("unexpected error: {other}"),
+            Ok(_) => panic!("unexpected return"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Commits or reverts the state changes based on the call flags.
+    fn finalize(mut self) -> (State, CallOutput) {
+        let state = match self.context.top_frame().output.flags {
+            ReturnFlags::Success => self.context.state,
+            _ => self.state_before,
+        };
+        let output = self.context.stack.pop().unwrap().output;
+        (state, output)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<State> for TransactionBuilder {
+    fn from(state: State) -> Self {
+        TransactionBuilder {
+            state_before: state.clone(),
+            context: Transaction {
+                state,
+                stack: Default::default(),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The mocked blockchain state.
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct State {
+    blobs: HashMap<U256, Vec<u8>>,
+    accounts: HashMap<Address, Account>,
+}
+
+impl State {
+    pub const BLOCK_NUMBER: u64 = 123;
+    pub const BLOCK_TIMESTAMP: u64 = 456;
+
+    pub fn transaction(self) -> TransactionBuilder {
+        TransactionBuilder {
+            state_before: self.clone(),
+            context: Transaction {
+                state: self,
+                stack: vec![Default::default()],
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn upload_code(&mut self, code: &[u8]) -> U256 {
+        let blob_hash = keccak256(code).into();
+        self.blobs.insert(blob_hash, code.to_vec());
+        blob_hash
+    }
+
+    pub fn assert_storage_key(&self, account: Address, key: U256, expected: U256) {
+        assert_eq!(
+            self.accounts
+                .get(&account)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("unknown account: {account}"))
+                .storage
+                .get(&key)
+                .copied()
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            expected
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_account(&mut self, address: Address, value: U256, blob_hash: U256) {
+        self.accounts.insert(
+            address,
+            Account {
+                value,
+                contract: Some(blob_hash),
+                storage: HashMap::new(),
+            },
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn link_host_functions(engine: &Engine) -> Linker<Transaction> {
+    let mut linker = Linker::new(engine);
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::INPUT,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, out_ptr: u32, out_len_ptr: u32| -> Result<(), Trap> {
+                let (mut caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let input = &transaction.top_frame().input;
+                assert!(input.len() <= caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr).unwrap() as usize);
+
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, input)?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &(input.len() as u32).to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::RETURN,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>,
+             flags: u32,
+             data_ptr: u32,
+             data_len: u32|
+             -> Result<(), Trap> {
+                let (caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let frame = transaction.top_frame_mut();
+                frame.output.flags = flags.into();
+                frame.output.data = caller.read_memory_into_vec(data_ptr, data_len)?;
+
+                Err(Default::default())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::VALUE_TRANSFERRED,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, out_ptr: u32, out_len_ptr: u32| -> Result<(), Trap> {
+                let (mut caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let out_len = caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr)? as usize;
+                assert_eq!(
+                    out_len,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_VALUE,
+                    "spurious output buffer size: {out_len}"
+                );
+
+                let value = transaction.top_frame().callvalue.as_le_bytes();
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, &value)?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &(value.len() as u32).to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            "debug_message",
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, str_ptr: u32, str_len: u32| -> Result<u32, Trap> {
+                let (caller, _) = caller.split();
+
+                let data = caller.read_memory_into_vec(str_ptr, str_len)?;
+                print!("debug_message: {}", String::from_utf8(data).unwrap());
+
+                Ok(0)
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::SET_STORAGE,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>,
+             key_ptr: u32,
+             key_len: u32,
+             value_ptr: u32,
+             value_len: u32|
+             -> Result<u32, Trap> {
+                let (caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                assert_eq!(
+                    key_len as usize,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD,
+                    "storage key must be 32 bytes"
+                );
+                assert_eq!(
+                    value_len as usize,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD,
+                    "storage value must be 32 bytes"
+                );
+
+                let key = caller.read_memory_into_vec(key_ptr, key_len)?;
+                let value = caller.read_memory_into_vec(value_ptr, value_len)?;
+
+                transaction.top_account_mut().storage.insert(
+                    U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(key.try_into().unwrap()),
+                    U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(value.try_into().unwrap()),
+                );
+
+                Ok(0)
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::GET_STORAGE,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>,
+             key_ptr: u32,
+             key_len: u32,
+             out_ptr: u32,
+             out_len_ptr: u32|
+             -> Result<u32, Trap> {
+                let (mut caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let key = caller.read_memory_into_vec(key_ptr, key_len)?;
+                let out_len = caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr)? as usize;
+                assert_eq!(
+                    out_len,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD,
+                    "spurious output buffer size: {out_len}"
+                );
+
+                let value = transaction
+                    .top_account_mut()
+                    .storage
+                    .get(&U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(key.try_into().unwrap()))
+                    .map(U256::to_be_bytes::<32>)
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, &value[..])?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &32u32.to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(0)
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::HASH_KECCAK_256,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>,
+             input_ptr: u32,
+             input_len: u32,
+             out_ptr: u32|
+             -> Result<(), Trap> {
+                let (mut caller, _) = caller.split();
+
+                let pre = caller.read_memory_into_vec(input_ptr, input_len)?;
+
+                let mut hasher = Keccak256::new();
+                hasher.update(&pre);
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, &hasher.finalize()[..])?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::NOW,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, out_ptr: u32, out_len_ptr: u32| {
+                let (mut caller, _) = caller.split();
+
+                let out_len = caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr)? as usize;
+                assert_eq!(
+                    out_len,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP,
+                    "spurious output buffer size: {out_len}"
+                );
+
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, &State::BLOCK_TIMESTAMP.to_le_bytes())?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &64u32.to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::BLOCK_NUMBER,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, out_ptr: u32, out_len_ptr: u32| {
+                let (mut caller, _) = caller.split();
+
+                let out_len = caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr)? as usize;
+                assert_eq!(
+                    out_len,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_BLOCK_NUMBER,
+                    "spurious output buffer size: {out_len}"
+                );
+
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, &State::BLOCK_NUMBER.to_le_bytes())?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &64u32.to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::ADDRESS,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, out_ptr: u32, out_len_ptr: u32| {
+                let (mut caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let out_len = caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr)? as usize;
+                assert_eq!(
+                    out_len,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS,
+                    "spurious output buffer size: {out_len}"
+                );
+
+                let address = transaction.top_frame().callee.as_slice();
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, address)?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &(address.len() as u32).to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::CALLER,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>, out_ptr: u32, out_len_ptr: u32| {
+                let (mut caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let out_len = caller.read_u32(out_len_ptr)? as usize;
+                assert_eq!(
+                    out_len,
+                    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS,
+                    "spurious output buffer size: {out_len}"
+                );
+
+                let address = transaction.top_frame().caller.as_slice();
+                caller.write_memory(out_ptr, address)?;
+                caller.write_memory(out_len_ptr, &(address.len() as u32).to_le_bytes())?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+        .func_wrap(
+            runtime_api::DEPOSIT_EVENT,
+            |caller: Caller<Transaction>,
+             topics_ptr: u32,
+             topics_len: u32,
+             data_ptr: u32,
+             data_len: u32| {
+                let (caller, transaction) = caller.split();
+
+                let address = transaction.top_frame().callee;
+                let data = if data_len != 0 {
+                    caller.read_memory_into_vec(data_ptr, data_len)?
+                } else {
+                    Default::default()
+                };
+                let topics = if topics_len != 0 {
+                    caller
+                        .read_memory_into_vec(topics_ptr, topics_len)?
+                        .chunks(32)
+                        .map(|chunk| U256::from_be_slice(chunk))
+                        .collect()
+                } else {
+                    Default::default()
+                };
+
+                transaction.top_frame_mut().output.events.push(Event {
+                    address,
+                    data,
+                    topics,
+                });
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+    linker
+}
+
+pub fn setup(config: Option<Config>) -> Engine {
+    Engine::new(&config.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap()
+}
+
+pub fn recompile_code(code: &[u8], engine: &Engine) -> Module {
+    let mut module_config = ModuleConfig::new();
+    module_config.set_gas_metering(Some(GasMeteringKind::Sync));
+
+    Module::new(engine, &module_config, code).unwrap()
+}
+
+pub fn instantiate_module(
+    module: &Module,
+    engine: &Engine,
+) -> (Instance<Transaction>, ExportIndex) {
+    let export = module.lookup_export(runtime_api::CALL).unwrap();
+    let func = link_host_functions(engine).instantiate_pre(module).unwrap();
+    let instance = func.instantiate().unwrap();
+
+    (instance, export)
+}
+
+pub fn prepare(code: &[u8], config: Option<Config>) -> (Instance<Transaction>, ExportIndex) {
+    let blob = ProgramBlob::parse(code).unwrap();
+
+    let engine = Engine::new(&config.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap();
+
+    let mut module_config = ModuleConfig::new();
+    module_config.set_gas_metering(Some(GasMeteringKind::Sync));
+
+    let module = Module::from_blob(&engine, &module_config, &blob).unwrap();
+    let export = module.lookup_export(runtime_api::CALL).unwrap();
+    let func = link_host_functions(&engine)
+        .instantiate_pre(&module)
+        .unwrap();
+    let instance = func.instantiate().unwrap();
+
+    (instance, export)
+}
+
+fn init_logs() {
+    if std::env::var("RUST_LOG").is_ok() {
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        let test = true;
+        #[cfg(not(test))]
+        let test = false;
+        let _ = env_logger::builder().is_test(test).try_init();
+    }
+}
@@ -1,466 +1,423 @@
-use std::str::FromStr;
+use alloy_primitives::{keccak256, Address, FixedBytes, I256, U256};
+use alloy_sol_types::{sol, SolCall};
+use rayon::iter::{IntoParallelRefIterator, ParallelIterator};
+use sha1::Digest;

-use alloy_primitives::*;
-use revive_runner::*;
-use SpecsAction::*;
+use crate::{
+    assert_success,
+    cases::Contract,
+    mock_runtime::{self, ReturnFlags, State, Transaction},
+};

-use crate::cases::Contract;
+#[test]
+fn fibonacci() {
+    let parameter = 6;

-/// Parameters:
-/// - The function name of the test
-/// - The contract name to fill in empty code based on the file path
-/// - The contract source file
-macro_rules! test_spec {
-    ($test_name:ident, $contract_name:literal, $source_file:literal) => {
-        #[test]
-        fn $test_name() {
-            let manifest_dir = std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").expect("should always exist");
-            let path = format!("{manifest_dir}/../integration/contracts/{}", $source_file);
-            Specs::from_comment($contract_name, &path).remove(0).run();
+    for contract in [
+        Contract::fib_recursive(parameter),
+        Contract::fib_iterative(parameter),
+        Contract::fib_binet(parameter),
+    ] {
+        let (_, output) = assert_success(&contract, true);
+        let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+        let expected = U256::from(8);
+        assert_eq!(received, expected);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn flipper() {
+    let contract = Contract::flipper();
+    let address = Transaction::default_address();
+
+    let (state, output) = contract.execute();
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+    state.assert_storage_key(address, U256::ZERO, U256::from(1));
+
+    let (state, output) = state.transaction().calldata(contract.calldata).call();
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+    state.assert_storage_key(address, U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn hash_keccak_256() {
+    sol!(
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        contract TestSha3 {
+            function test(string memory _pre) external payable returns (bytes32);
        }
-    };
-}
-
-test_spec!(baseline, "Baseline", "Baseline.sol");
-test_spec!(flipper, "Flipper", "flipper.sol");
-test_spec!(fibonacci_recursive, "FibonacciRecursive", "Fibonacci.sol");
-test_spec!(fibonacci_iterative, "FibonacciIterative", "Fibonacci.sol");
-test_spec!(fibonacci_binet, "FibonacciBinet", "Fibonacci.sol");
-test_spec!(hash_keccak_256, "TestSha3", "Crypto.sol");
-test_spec!(erc20, "ERC20", "ERC20.sol");
-test_spec!(computation, "Computation", "Computation.sol");
-test_spec!(msize, "MSize", "MSize.sol");
-test_spec!(sha1, "SHA1", "SHA1.sol");
-test_spec!(block, "Block", "Block.sol");
-test_spec!(mcopy, "MCopy", "MCopy.sol");
-test_spec!(events, "Events", "Events.sol");
-test_spec!(storage, "Storage", "Storage.sol");
-test_spec!(mstore8, "MStore8", "MStore8.sol");
-test_spec!(address, "Context", "Context.sol");
-test_spec!(balance, "Value", "Value.sol");
-test_spec!(create, "CreateB", "Create.sol");
-test_spec!(call, "Caller", "Call.sol");
-test_spec!(transfer, "Transfer", "Transfer.sol");
-test_spec!(return_data_oob, "ReturnDataOob", "ReturnDataOob.sol");
-test_spec!(immutables, "Immutables", "Immutables.sol");
-test_spec!(transaction, "Transaction", "Transaction.sol");
-test_spec!(block_hash, "BlockHash", "BlockHash.sol");
-test_spec!(delegate, "Delegate", "Delegate.sol");
-test_spec!(gas_price, "GasPrice", "GasPrice.sol");
-test_spec!(gas_left, "GasLeft", "GasLeft.sol");
-test_spec!(gas_limit, "GasLimit", "GasLimit.sol");
-test_spec!(base_fee, "BaseFee", "BaseFee.sol");
-
-fn instantiate(path: &str, contract: &str) -> Vec<SpecsAction> {
-    vec![Instantiate {
-        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-        value: 0,
-        gas_limit: Some(GAS_LIMIT),
-        storage_deposit_limit: None,
-        code: Code::Solidity {
-            path: Some(path.into()),
-            contract: contract.to_string(),
-            solc_optimizer: None,
-            pipeline: None,
-        },
-        data: vec![],
-        salt: OptionalHex::default(),
-    }]
-}
-
-fn run_differential(actions: Vec<SpecsAction>) {
-    Specs {
-        differential: true,
-        actions,
-        ..Default::default()
-    }
-    .run();
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bitwise_byte() {
-    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/Bitwise.sol", "Bitwise");
-
-    let de_bruijn_sequence =
-        hex::decode("4060503824160d0784426150b864361d0f88c4a27148ac5a2f198d46e391d8f4").unwrap();
-    let value = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(de_bruijn_sequence.clone().try_into().unwrap());
-    for input in de_bruijn_sequence
-        .iter()
-        .enumerate()
-        .map(|(index, _)| Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::from(index), value).calldata)
-        .chain([
-            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO).calldata,
-            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::ZERO, U256::MAX).calldata,
-            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::MAX, U256::ZERO).calldata,
-            Contract::bitwise_byte(U256::from_str("18446744073709551619").unwrap(), U256::MAX)
-                .calldata,
-        ])
-    {
-        actions.push(Call {
-            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-            value: 0,
-            gas_limit: None,
-            storage_deposit_limit: None,
-            data: input,
-        })
-    }
-
-    run_differential(actions);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn unsigned_division() {
-    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
-
-    let one = U256::from(1);
-    let two = U256::from(2);
-    let five = U256::from(5);
-    for (n, d) in [
-        (five, five),
-        (five, one),
-        (U256::ZERO, U256::MAX),
-        (five, two),
-        (one, U256::ZERO),
-    ] {
-        actions.push(Call {
-            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-            value: 0,
-            gas_limit: None,
-            storage_deposit_limit: None,
-            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_div(n, d).calldata,
-        })
-    }
-
-    run_differential(actions);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn signed_division() {
-    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
-
-    let one = I256::try_from(1).unwrap();
-    let two = I256::try_from(2).unwrap();
-    let minus_two = I256::try_from(-2).unwrap();
-    let five = I256::try_from(5).unwrap();
-    let minus_five = I256::try_from(-5).unwrap();
-    for (n, d) in [
-        (five, five),
-        (five, one),
-        (I256::ZERO, I256::MAX),
-        (I256::ZERO, I256::MINUS_ONE),
-        (five, two),
-        (five, I256::MINUS_ONE),
-        (I256::MINUS_ONE, minus_two),
-        (minus_five, minus_five),
-        (minus_five, two),
-        (I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::MIN),
-        (one, I256::ZERO),
-    ] {
-        actions.push(Call {
-            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-            value: 0,
-            gas_limit: None,
-            storage_deposit_limit: None,
-            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_sdiv(n, d).calldata,
-        })
-    }
-
-    run_differential(actions);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn unsigned_remainder() {
-    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
-
-    let one = U256::from(1);
-    let two = U256::from(2);
-    let five = U256::from(5);
-    for (n, d) in [
-        (five, five),
-        (five, one),
-        (U256::ZERO, U256::MAX),
-        (U256::MAX, U256::MAX),
-        (five, two),
-        (two, five),
-        (U256::MAX, U256::ZERO),
-    ] {
-        actions.push(Call {
-            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-            value: 0,
-            gas_limit: None,
-            storage_deposit_limit: None,
-            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_mod(n, d).calldata,
-        })
-    }
-
-    run_differential(actions);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn signed_remainder() {
-    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/DivisionArithmetics.sol", "DivisionArithmetics");
-
-    let one = I256::try_from(1).unwrap();
-    let two = I256::try_from(2).unwrap();
-    let minus_two = I256::try_from(-2).unwrap();
-    let five = I256::try_from(5).unwrap();
-    let minus_five = I256::try_from(-5).unwrap();
-    for (n, d) in [
-        (five, five),
-        (five, one),
-        (I256::ZERO, I256::MAX),
-        (I256::MAX, I256::MAX),
-        (five, two),
-        (two, five),
-        (five, minus_five),
-        (five, I256::MINUS_ONE),
-        (five, minus_two),
-        (minus_five, two),
-        (minus_two, five),
-        (minus_five, minus_five),
-        (minus_five, I256::MINUS_ONE),
-        (minus_five, minus_two),
-        (minus_two, minus_five),
-        (I256::MIN, I256::MINUS_ONE),
-        (I256::ZERO, I256::ZERO),
-    ] {
-        actions.push(Call {
-            origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-            dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-            value: 0,
-            gas_limit: None,
-            storage_deposit_limit: None,
-            data: Contract::division_arithmetics_smod(n, d).calldata,
-        })
-    }
-
-    run_differential(actions);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn ext_code_hash() {
-    let mut actions = instantiate("contracts/ExtCode.sol", "ExtCode");
-
-    // First do contract instantiation to figure out address and code hash
-    let results = Specs {
-        actions: actions.clone(),
-        ..Default::default()
-    }
-    .run();
-    let (addr, code_hash) = match results.first().cloned() {
-        Some(CallResult::Instantiate {
-            result, code_hash, ..
-        }) => (result.result.unwrap().addr, code_hash),
-        _ => panic!("instantiate contract failed"),
-    };
-
-    // code hash of itself
-    actions.push(Call {
-        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-        value: 0,
-        gas_limit: None,
-        storage_deposit_limit: None,
-        data: Contract::code_hash().calldata,
-    });
-    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-        success: true,
-        output: OptionalHex::from(code_hash.as_bytes().to_vec()),
-        gas_consumed: None,
-    }));
-
-    // code hash for a given contract address
-    actions.push(Call {
-        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-        value: 0,
-        gas_limit: None,
-        storage_deposit_limit: None,
-        data: Contract::ext_code_hash(Address::from(addr.to_fixed_bytes())).calldata,
-    });
-    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-        success: true,
-        output: OptionalHex::from(code_hash.as_bytes().to_vec()),
-        gas_consumed: None,
-    }));
-
-    // EOA returns fixed hash
-    actions.push(Call {
-        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-        value: 0,
-        gas_limit: None,
-        storage_deposit_limit: None,
-        data: Contract::ext_code_hash(Address::from(CHARLIE.to_fixed_bytes())).calldata,
-    });
-    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-        success: true,
-        output: OptionalHex::from(
-            hex!("c5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470").to_vec(),
-        ),
-        gas_consumed: None,
-    }));
-
-    // non-existing account
-    actions.push(Call {
-        origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-        dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-        value: 0,
-        gas_limit: None,
-        storage_deposit_limit: None,
-        data: Contract::ext_code_hash(Address::from([8u8; 20])).calldata,
-    });
-    actions.push(VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-        success: true,
-        output: OptionalHex::from([0u8; 32].to_vec()),
-        gas_consumed: None,
-    }));
-
-    Specs {
-        actions,
-        ..Default::default()
-    }
-    .run();
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn ext_code_size() {
-    let alice = Address::from(ALICE.0);
-    let own_address = alice.create(0);
-    let baseline_address = alice.create2([0u8; 32], keccak256(Contract::baseline().pvm_runtime));
-
-    let own_code_size = U256::from(
-        Contract::ext_code_size(Default::default())
-            .pvm_runtime
-            .len(),
    );
-    let baseline_code_size = U256::from(Contract::baseline().pvm_runtime.len());
+    let source = r#"contract TestSha3 {
+            function test(string memory _pre) external payable returns (bytes32 hash) {
+                hash = keccak256(bytes(_pre));
+            }
+        }"#;
+    let code = crate::compile_blob("TestSha3", source);

-    Specs {
-        actions: vec![
-            // Instantiate the test contract
-            instantiate("contracts/ExtCode.sol", "ExtCode").remove(0),
-            // Instantiate the baseline contract
-            Instantiate {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                value: 0,
-                gas_limit: Some(GAS_LIMIT),
-                storage_deposit_limit: None,
-                code: Code::Solidity {
-                    path: Some("contracts/Baseline.sol".into()),
-                    contract: "Baseline".to_string(),
-                    solc_optimizer: None,
-                    pipeline: None,
-                },
-                data: vec![],
-                salt: OptionalHex::from([0; 32]),
-            },
-            // Alice is not a contract and returns a code size of 0
-            Call {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-                value: 0,
-                gas_limit: None,
-                storage_deposit_limit: None,
-                data: Contract::ext_code_size(alice).calldata,
-            },
-            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-                success: true,
-                output: OptionalHex::from([0u8; 32].to_vec()),
-                gas_consumed: None,
-            }),
-            // Unknown address returns a code size of 0
-            Call {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-                value: 0,
-                gas_limit: None,
-                storage_deposit_limit: None,
-                data: Contract::ext_code_size(Address::from([0xff; 20])).calldata,
-            },
-            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-                success: true,
-                output: OptionalHex::from([0u8; 32].to_vec()),
-                gas_consumed: None,
-            }),
-            // Own address via extcodesize returns own code size
-            Call {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-                value: 0,
-                gas_limit: None,
-                storage_deposit_limit: None,
-                data: Contract::ext_code_size(own_address).calldata,
-            },
-            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-                success: true,
-                output: OptionalHex::from(own_code_size.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()),
-                gas_consumed: None,
-            }),
-            // Own address via codesize returns own code size
-            Call {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-                value: 0,
-                gas_limit: None,
-                storage_deposit_limit: None,
-                data: Contract::code_size().calldata,
-            },
-            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-                success: true,
-                output: OptionalHex::from(own_code_size.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()),
-                gas_consumed: None,
-            }),
-            // Baseline address returns the baseline code size
-            Call {
-                origin: TestAddress::Alice,
-                dest: TestAddress::Instantiated(0),
-                value: 0,
-                gas_limit: None,
-                storage_deposit_limit: None,
-                data: Contract::ext_code_size(baseline_address).calldata,
-            },
-            VerifyCall(VerifyCallExpectation {
-                success: true,
-                output: OptionalHex::from(baseline_code_size.to_be_bytes::<32>().to_vec()),
-                gas_consumed: None,
-            }),
-        ],
-        ..Default::default()
-    }
-    .run();
-}
+    let param = "hello";
+    let input = TestSha3::testCall::new((param.to_string(),)).abi_encode();

-/*
-// These test were implement for the mock-runtime and need to be ported yet.
-
-#[test]
-fn create2_failure() {
-    let mut state = State::default();
-    let contract_a = Contract::create_a();
-    state.upload_code(&contract_a.pvm_runtime);
-
-    let contract = Contract::create_b();
-    let (state, output) = state
+    let (_, output) = State::default()
        .transaction()
-        .with_default_account(&contract.pvm_runtime)
-        .calldata(contract.calldata.clone())
+        .with_default_account(&code)
+        .calldata(input)
        .call();

    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);

-    // The address already exists, which should cause the contract to revert
+    let expected = keccak256(param.as_bytes());
+    let received = FixedBytes::<32>::from_slice(&output.data);
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}

-    let (_, output) = state
+#[test]
+fn erc20() {
+    let _ = crate::compile_blob("ERC20", include_str!("../contracts/ERC20.sol"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn triangle_number() {
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::triangle_number(13), true);
+    let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    let expected = U256::try_from(91).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn odd_product() {
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::odd_product(5), true);
+    let received = I256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    let expected = I256::try_from(945i64).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn msize_plain() {
+    sol!(
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        contract MSize {
+            function mSize() public pure returns (uint);
+        }
+    );
+    let code = crate::compile_blob_with_options(
+        "MSize",
+        include_str!("../contracts/MSize.sol"),
+        false,
+        revive_solidity::SolcPipeline::EVMLA,
+    );
+
+    let input = MSize::mSizeCall::new(()).abi_encode();
+    let (_, output) = State::default()
        .transaction()
-        .with_default_account(&contract.pvm_runtime)
-        .calldata(contract.calldata)
+        .calldata(input)
+        .with_default_account(&code)
        .call();

-    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Revert);
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+
+    // Solidity always stores the "free memory pointer" (32 byte int) at offset 64.
+    let expected = U256::try_from(64 + 32).unwrap();
+    let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn transferred_value() {
+    sol!(
+        contract Value {
+            function value() public payable returns (uint);
+        }
+    );
+    let code = crate::compile_blob("Value", include_str!("../contracts/Value.sol"));
+
+    let (_, output) = State::default()
+        .transaction()
+        .calldata(Value::valueCall::SELECTOR.to_vec())
+        .callvalue(U256::from(123))
+        .with_default_account(&code)
+        .call();
+
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+
+    let expected = I256::try_from(123).unwrap();
+    let received = I256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn msize_non_word_sized_access() {
+    sol!(
+        #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+        contract MSize {
+            function mStore100() public pure returns (uint);
+        }
+    );
+    let code = crate::compile_blob_with_options(
+        "MSize",
+        include_str!("../contracts/MSize.sol"),
+        false,
+        revive_solidity::SolcPipeline::Yul,
+    );
+
+    let input = MSize::mStore100Call::new(()).abi_encode();
+    let (_, output) = State::default()
+        .transaction()
+        .with_default_account(&code)
+        .calldata(input)
+        .call();
+
+    assert_eq!(output.flags, ReturnFlags::Success);
+
+    // https://docs.zksync.io/build/developer-reference/differences-with-ethereum.html#mstore-mload
+    // "Unlike EVM, where the memory growth is in words, on zkEVM the memory growth is counted in bytes."
+    // "For example, if you write mstore(100, 0) the msize on zkEVM will be 132, but on the EVM it will be 160."
+    let expected = U256::try_from(132).unwrap();
+    let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn mstore8() {
+    for (received, expected) in [
+        (U256::MIN, U256::MIN),
+        (
+            U256::from(1),
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+        (
+            U256::from(2),
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "904625697166532776746648320380374280103671755200316906558262375061821325312",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+        (
+            U256::from(255),
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "115339776388732929035197660848497720713218148788040405586178452820382218977280",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+        (U256::from(256), U256::from(0)),
+        (
+            U256::from(257),
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "452312848583266388373324160190187140051835877600158453279131187530910662656",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+        (
+            U256::from(258),
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "904625697166532776746648320380374280103671755200316906558262375061821325312",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+        (
+            U256::from(123456789),
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "9498569820248594155839807363993929941088553429603327518861754938149123915776",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+        (
+            U256::MAX,
+            U256::from_str_radix(
+                "115339776388732929035197660848497720713218148788040405586178452820382218977280",
+                10,
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        ),
+    ]
+    .par_iter()
+    .map(|(parameter, expected)| {
+        let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::mstore8(*parameter), true);
+        let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+        (received, *expected)
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    {
+        assert_eq!(received, expected);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sha1() {
+    let pre = vec![0xffu8; 512];
+    let mut hasher = sha1::Sha1::new();
+    hasher.update(&pre);
+    let hash = hasher.finalize();
+
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::sha1(pre), true);
+    let expected = FixedBytes::<20>::from_slice(&hash[..]);
+    let received = FixedBytes::<20>::from_slice(&output.data[..20]);
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn block_number() {
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::block_number(), true);
+    let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    let expected = U256::from(mock_runtime::State::BLOCK_NUMBER);
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn block_timestamp() {
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::block_timestamp(), true);
+    let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+    let expected = U256::from(mock_runtime::State::BLOCK_TIMESTAMP);
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn address() {
+    let contract = Contract::context_address();
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&contract, true);
+    let received = Address::from_slice(&output.data[12..]);
+    let expected = Transaction::default_address();
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn caller() {
+    let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::context_caller(), true);
+    let received = Address::from_slice(&output.data[12..]);
+    let expected = Transaction::default_address();
+    assert_eq!(received, expected);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unsigned_division() {
+    let one = U256::from(1);
+    let two = U256::from(2);
+    let five = U256::from(5);
+    for (received, expected) in [
+        (five, five, one),
+        (five, one, five),
+        (U256::ZERO, U256::MAX, U256::ZERO),
+        (five, two, two),
+        (one, U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO),
+    ]
+    .par_iter()
+    .map(|(n, d, q)| {
+        let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::division_arithmetics_div(*n, *d), true);
+        let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+        (received, *q)
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    {
+        assert_eq!(received, expected)
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn signed_division() {
+    let one = I256::try_from(1).unwrap();
+    let two = I256::try_from(2).unwrap();
+    let minus_two = I256::try_from(-2).unwrap();
+    let five = I256::try_from(5).unwrap();
+    let minus_five = I256::try_from(-5).unwrap();
+    for (received, expected) in [
+        (five, five, one),
+        (five, one, five),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::MAX, I256::ZERO),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::ZERO),
+        (five, two, two),
+        (five, I256::MINUS_ONE, minus_five),
+        (I256::MINUS_ONE, minus_two, I256::ZERO),
+        (minus_five, minus_five, one),
+        (minus_five, two, minus_two),
+        (I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::MIN, I256::ZERO),
+        (one, I256::ZERO, I256::ZERO),
+    ]
+    .par_iter()
+    .map(|(n, d, q)| {
+        let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::division_arithmetics_sdiv(*n, *d), true);
+        let received = I256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+        (received, *q)
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    {
+        assert_eq!(received, expected);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unsigned_remainder() {
+    let one = U256::from(1);
+    let two = U256::from(2);
+    let five = U256::from(5);
+    for (received, expected) in [
+        (five, five, U256::ZERO),
+        (five, one, U256::ZERO),
+        (U256::ZERO, U256::MAX, U256::ZERO),
+        (U256::MAX, U256::MAX, U256::ZERO),
+        (five, two, one),
+        (two, five, two),
+        (U256::MAX, U256::ZERO, U256::ZERO),
+    ]
+    .par_iter()
+    .map(|(n, d, q)| {
+        let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::division_arithmetics_mod(*n, *d), true);
+        let received = U256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+        (received, *q)
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    {
+        assert_eq!(received, expected);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn signed_remainder() {
+    let one = I256::try_from(1).unwrap();
+    let two = I256::try_from(2).unwrap();
+    let minus_two = I256::try_from(-2).unwrap();
+    let five = I256::try_from(5).unwrap();
+    let minus_five = I256::try_from(-5).unwrap();
+    for (received, expected) in [
+        (five, five, I256::ZERO),
+        (five, one, I256::ZERO),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::MAX, I256::ZERO),
+        (I256::MAX, I256::MAX, I256::ZERO),
+        (five, two, one),
+        (two, five, two),
+        (five, minus_five, I256::ZERO),
+        (five, I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::ZERO),
+        (five, minus_two, one),
+        (minus_five, two, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (minus_two, five, minus_two),
+        (minus_five, minus_five, I256::ZERO),
+        (minus_five, I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::ZERO),
+        (minus_five, minus_two, I256::MINUS_ONE),
+        (minus_two, minus_five, minus_two),
+        (I256::MIN, I256::MINUS_ONE, I256::ZERO),
+        (I256::ZERO, I256::ZERO, I256::ZERO),
+    ]
+    .par_iter()
+    .map(|(n, d, q)| {
+        let (_, output) = assert_success(&Contract::division_arithmetics_smod(*n, *d), true);
+        let received = I256::from_be_bytes::<32>(output.data.try_into().unwrap());
+        (received, *q)
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    {
+        assert_eq!(received, expected);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn events() {
+    assert_success(&Contract::event(U256::ZERO), true);
+    assert_success(&Contract::event(U256::from(123)), true);
 }
-*/
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-linker"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-authors.workspace = true
-description = "revive compiler linker utils"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
 inkwell = { workspace = true }
@@ -15,5 +13,5 @@ polkavm-common = { workspace = true }
 libc = { workspace = true }
 anyhow = { workspace = true }

-revive-builtins = { workspace = true }
-lld-sys = { workspace = true }
+revive-builtins = { path = "../builtins" }
+lld-sys = { path = "../lld-sys" }
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ SECTIONS {
    .text : { KEEP(*(.text.polkavm_export)) *(.text .text.*) }
 }"#;

-const BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE: &str = "libclang_rt.builtins-riscv64.a";
-const BUILTINS_LIB_NAME: &str = "clang_rt.builtins-riscv64";
-
 fn invoke_lld(cmd_args: &[&str]) -> bool {
    let c_strings = cmd_args
        .iter()
@@ -22,12 +19,12 @@ fn invoke_lld(cmd_args: &[&str]) -> bool {
    unsafe { LLDELFLink(args.as_ptr(), args.len()) == 0 }
 }

-pub fn polkavm_linker<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(code: T, strip_binary: bool) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+fn polkavm_linker<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(code: T) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let mut config = polkavm_linker::Config::default();
-    config.set_strip(strip_binary);
-    config.set_optimize(true);
+    config.set_strip(true);

    polkavm_linker::program_from_elf(config, code.as_ref())
+        .map(|blob| blob.as_bytes().to_vec())
        .map_err(|reason| anyhow::anyhow!("polkavm linker failed: {}", reason))
 }

@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn link<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
    let output_path = dir.path().join("out.so");
    let object_path = dir.path().join("out.o");
    let linker_script_path = dir.path().join("linker.ld");
-    let compiler_rt_path = dir.path().join(BUILTINS_ARCHIVE_FILE);
+    let compiler_rt_path = dir.path().join("libclang_rt.builtins-riscv32.a");

    fs::write(&object_path, input).map_err(|msg| anyhow::anyhow!("{msg} {object_path:?}"))?;

@@ -57,12 +54,11 @@ pub fn link<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
        "--relocatable",
        "--emit-relocs",
        "--no-relax",
-        "--unique",
        "--gc-sections",
        "--library-path",
        dir.path().to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
        "--library",
-        BUILTINS_LIB_NAME,
+        "clang_rt.builtins-riscv32",
        linker_script_path.to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
        object_path.to_str().expect("should be utf8"),
        "-o",
@@ -73,5 +69,10 @@ pub fn link<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(input: T) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {
        return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("ld.lld failed"));
    }

-    Ok(fs::read(&output_path)?)
+    if env::var("PVM_LINKER_DUMP_SO").is_ok() {
+        fs::copy(&output_path, "/tmp/out.so")?;
+    };
+
+    let blob = fs::read(&output_path)?;
+    polkavm_linker(blob)
 }
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "lld-sys"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
-authors.workspace = true
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
 build = "build.rs"
-description = "bindings for ld.lld core"
+
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
 libc = { workspace = true }
@@ -1,19 +1,5 @@
-use std::{
-    env,
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-};
-
-const LLVM_LINK_PREFIX: &str = "LLVM_LINK_PREFIX";
-
-fn locate_llvm_config() -> PathBuf {
-    let prefix = env::var_os(LLVM_LINK_PREFIX)
-        .map(|p| PathBuf::from(p).join("bin"))
-        .unwrap_or_default();
-    prefix.join("llvm-config")
-}
-
-fn llvm_config(llvm_config_path: &Path, arg: &str) -> String {
-    let output = std::process::Command::new(llvm_config_path)
+fn llvm_config(arg: &str) -> String {
+    let output = std::process::Command::new("llvm-config")
        .args([arg])
        .output()
        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("`llvm-config {arg}` failed"));
@@ -22,11 +8,8 @@ fn llvm_config(llvm_config_path: &Path, arg: &str) -> String {
        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("output of `llvm-config {arg}` should be utf8"))
 }

-fn set_rustc_link_flags(llvm_config_path: &Path) {
-    println!(
-        "cargo:rustc-link-search=native={}",
-        llvm_config(llvm_config_path, "--libdir")
-    );
+fn set_rustc_link_flags() {
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-search=native={}", llvm_config("--libdir"));

    for lib in [
        "lldELF",
@@ -39,70 +22,16 @@ fn set_rustc_link_flags(llvm_config_path: &Path) {
        "LLVMTargetParser",
        "LLVMBinaryFormat",
        "LLVMDemangle",
-        // The `llvm-sys` crate relies on `llvm-config` to obtain a list of required LLVM libraries
-        // during the build process. This works well in typical native environments, where `llvm-config`
-        // can accurately list the necessary libraries.
-        // However, when cross-compiling to WebAssembly using Emscripten, `llvm-config` fails to recognize
-        // JavaScript-based libraries, making it necessary to manually inject the required dependencies.
-        "LLVMRISCVDisassembler",
-        "LLVMRISCVAsmParser",
-        "LLVMRISCVCodeGen",
-        "LLVMRISCVDesc",
-        "LLVMRISCVInfo",
-        "LLVMExecutionEngine",
-        "LLVMOption",
-        "LLVMMCDisassembler",
-        "LLVMPasses",
-        "LLVMHipStdPar",
-        "LLVMCFGuard",
-        "LLVMCoroutines",
-        "LLVMipo",
-        "LLVMVectorize",
-        "LLVMInstrumentation",
-        "LLVMFrontendOpenMP",
-        "LLVMFrontendOffloading",
-        "LLVMGlobalISel",
-        "LLVMAsmPrinter",
-        "LLVMSelectionDAG",
-        "LLVMCodeGen",
-        "LLVMTarget",
-        "LLVMObjCARCOpts",
-        "LLVMCodeGenTypes",
-        "LLVMIRPrinter",
-        "LLVMScalarOpts",
-        "LLVMInstCombine",
-        "LLVMAggressiveInstCombine",
-        "LLVMTransformUtils",
-        "LLVMBitWriter",
-        "LLVMAnalysis",
-        "LLVMProfileData",
-        "LLVMDebugInfoDWARF",
-        "LLVMObject",
-        "LLVMMCParser",
-        "LLVMIRReader",
-        "LLVMAsmParser",
-        "LLVMMC",
-        "LLVMDebugInfoCodeView",
-        "LLVMBitReader",
-        "LLVMRemarks",
-        "LLVMBitstreamReader",
    ] {
        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={lib}");
    }

-    let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap_or_default();
-    if target_os == "linux" {
-        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib=stdc++");
-        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=tinfo");
-    }
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib=stdc++");
 }

 fn main() {
-    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed={}", LLVM_LINK_PREFIX);
-
-    let llvm_config_path = locate_llvm_config();
-
-    llvm_config(&llvm_config_path, "--cxxflags")
+    llvm_config("--cxxflags")
        .split_whitespace()
        .fold(&mut cc::Build::new(), |builder, flag| builder.flag(flag))
        .flag("-Wno-unused-parameter")
@@ -110,7 +39,7 @@ fn main() {
        .file("src/linker.cpp")
        .compile("liblinker.a");

-    set_rustc_link_flags(&llvm_config_path);
+    set_rustc_link_flags();

    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
 }
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 [package]
 name = "revive-llvm-context"
-version.workspace = true
-license.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-repository.workspace = true
+version = "1.4.1"
 authors = [
    "Oleksandr Zarudnyi <a.zarudnyy@matterlabs.dev>",
    "Cyrill Leutwiler <cyrill@parity.io>",
 ]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+edition = "2021"
 description = "Shared front end code of the revive PolkaVM compilers"

 [lib]
 doctest = false

+[features]
+riscv-zbb = []
+
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
 semver = { workspace = true }
@@ -29,8 +31,10 @@ inkwell = { workspace = true }
 polkavm-disassembler = { workspace = true }
 polkavm-common = { workspace = true }

-revive-common = { workspace = true }
-revive-runtime-api = { workspace = true }
-revive-linker = { workspace = true }
-revive-builtins = { workspace = true }
-revive-stdlib = { workspace = true }
+zkevm_opcode_defs = { git = "https://github.com/matter-labs/era-zkevm_opcode_defs", branch = "v1.4.1" }
+revive-common = { path = "../common" }
+
+pallet-contracts-pvm-llapi = { path = "../pallet-contracts-pvm-llapi" }
+revive-linker = { path = "../linker" }
+revive-builtins = { path = "../builtins" }
+revive-stdlib = { path = "../stdlib" }
@@ -11,15 +11,12 @@ pub enum IRType {
    EVMLA,
    /// Whether to dump the Ethereal IR code.
    EthIR,
+    /// Whether to dump the Vyper LLL IR code.
+    LLL,
    /// Whether to dump the LLVM IR code.
    LLVM,
    /// Whether to dump the assembly code.
    Assembly,
-    /// Whether to dump the ELF shared object
-    SO,
-    /// Whether to jump JSON
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    JSON,
 }

 impl IRType {
@@ -29,11 +26,9 @@ impl IRType {
            Self::Yul => revive_common::EXTENSION_YUL,
            Self::EthIR => revive_common::EXTENSION_ETHIR,
            Self::EVMLA => revive_common::EXTENSION_EVMLA,
+            Self::LLL => revive_common::EXTENSION_LLL,
            Self::LLVM => revive_common::EXTENSION_LLVM_SOURCE,
            Self::Assembly => revive_common::EXTENSION_POLKAVM_ASSEMBLY,
-            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-            Self::JSON => revive_common::EXTENSION_JSON,
-            Self::SO => revive_common::EXTENSION_SHARED_OBJECT,
        }
    }
 }
@@ -13,52 +13,51 @@ use self::ir_type::IRType;
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct DebugConfig {
    /// The directory to dump the IRs to.
-    pub output_directory: Option<PathBuf>,
-    /// Whether debug info should be emitted.
-    pub emit_debug_info: bool,
+    pub output_directory: PathBuf,
 }

 impl DebugConfig {
    /// A shortcut constructor.
-    pub const fn new(output_directory: Option<PathBuf>, emit_debug_info: bool) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            output_directory,
-            emit_debug_info,
-        }
+    pub fn new(output_directory: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        Self { output_directory }
    }

    /// Dumps the Yul IR.
    pub fn dump_yul(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::Yul);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
-        }
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::Yul);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Dumps the EVM legacy assembly IR.
    pub fn dump_evmla(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::EVMLA);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
-        }
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::EVMLA);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Dumps the Ethereal IR.
    pub fn dump_ethir(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::EthIR);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
-        }
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::EthIR);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Dumps the LLL IR.
+    pub fn dump_lll(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::LLL);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -69,15 +68,12 @@ impl DebugConfig {
        contract_path: &str,
        module: &inkwell::module::Module,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let llvm_code = module.print_to_string().to_string();
+        let llvm_code = module.print_to_string().to_string();

-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name =
-                Self::full_file_name(contract_path, Some("unoptimized"), IRType::LLVM);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, llvm_code)?;
-        }
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, Some("unoptimized"), IRType::LLVM);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, llvm_code)?;

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -88,57 +84,22 @@ impl DebugConfig {
        contract_path: &str,
        module: &inkwell::module::Module,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let llvm_code = module.print_to_string().to_string();
+        let llvm_code = module.print_to_string().to_string();

-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name =
-                Self::full_file_name(contract_path, Some("optimized"), IRType::LLVM);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, llvm_code)?;
-        }
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, Some("optimized"), IRType::LLVM);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, llvm_code)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Dumps the assembly.
    pub fn dump_assembly(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::Assembly);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Dumps the code object.
-    pub fn dump_object(&self, contract_path: &str, code: &[u8]) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::SO);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Dumps the stage output as a json file suitable for use with --recursive-process
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    pub fn dump_stage_output(
-        &self,
-        contract_path: &str,
-        contract_suffix: Option<&str>,
-        stage_json: &Vec<u8>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        if let Some(output_directory) = self.output_directory.as_ref() {
-            let mut file_path = output_directory.to_owned();
-            let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, contract_suffix, IRType::JSON);
-            file_path.push(full_file_name);
-            std::fs::write(file_path, stage_json)?;
-        }
+        let mut file_path = self.output_directory.to_owned();
+        let full_file_name = Self::full_file_name(contract_path, None, IRType::Assembly);
+        file_path.push(full_file_name);
+        std::fs::write(file_path, code)?;

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ pub use self::polkavm::context::argument::Argument as PolkaVMArgument;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::attribute::Attribute as PolkaVMAttribute;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::build::Build as PolkaVMBuild;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::code_type::CodeType as PolkaVMCodeType;
-pub use self::polkavm::context::debug_info::DebugInfo;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::evmla_data::EVMLAData as PolkaVMContextEVMLAData;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::block::evmla_data::key::Key as PolkaVMFunctionBlockKey;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::block::evmla_data::EVMLAData as PolkaVMFunctionBlockEVMLAData;
@@ -28,18 +27,16 @@ pub use self::polkavm::context::function::llvm_runtime::LLVMRuntime as PolkaVMLL
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::r#return::Return as PolkaVMFunctionReturn;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::deploy_code::DeployCode as PolkaVMDeployCodeFunction;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::entry::Entry as PolkaVMEntryFunction;
-pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::immutable_data_load::ImmutableDataLoad as PolkaVMImmutableDataLoadFunction;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::runtime_code::RuntimeCode as PolkaVMRuntimeCodeFunction;
-pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE as PolkaVMFunctionDeployCode;
-pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY as PolkaVMFunctionEntry;
-pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA as PolkaVMFunctionImmutableDataLoad;
-pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE as PolkaVMFunctionRuntimeCode;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::runtime::Runtime as PolkaVMRuntime;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::function::vyper_data::VyperData as PolkaVMFunctionVyperData;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::yul_data::YulData as PolkaVMFunctionYulData;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::function::Function as PolkaVMFunction;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::global::Global as PolkaVMGlobal;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer as PolkaVMPointer;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::r#loop::Loop as PolkaVMLoop;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::solidity_data::SolidityData as PolkaVMContextSolidityData;
+pub use self::polkavm::context::vyper_data::VyperData as PolkaVMContextVyperData;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::yul_data::YulData as PolkaVMContextYulData;
 pub use self::polkavm::context::Context as PolkaVMContext;
 pub use self::polkavm::evm::arithmetic as polkavm_evm_arithmetic;
@@ -61,6 +58,7 @@ pub use self::polkavm::evm::return_data as polkavm_evm_return_data;
 pub use self::polkavm::evm::storage as polkavm_evm_storage;
 pub use self::polkavm::metadata_hash::MetadataHash as PolkaVMMetadataHash;
 pub use self::polkavm::r#const as polkavm_const;
+pub use self::polkavm::utils as polkavm_utils;
 pub use self::polkavm::Dependency as PolkaVMDependency;
 pub use self::polkavm::DummyDependency as PolkaVMDummyDependency;
 pub use self::polkavm::DummyLLVMWritable as PolkaVMDummyLLVMWritable;
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use itertools::Itertools;

 use self::size_level::SizeLevel;

-/// The LLVM optimizer and code-gen settings.
+/// The LLVM optimizer settings.
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Eq)]
 pub struct Settings {
    /// The middle-end optimization level.
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ pub struct Settings {

    /// Fallback to optimizing for size if the bytecode is too large.
    pub is_fallback_to_size_enabled: bool,
+    /// Whether the system request memoization is disabled.
+    pub is_system_request_memoization_disabled: bool,

    /// Whether the LLVM `verify each` option is enabled.
    pub is_verify_each_enabled: bool,
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ impl Settings {
            level_back_end,

            is_fallback_to_size_enabled: false,
+            is_system_request_memoization_disabled: false,

            is_verify_each_enabled: false,
            is_debug_logging_enabled: false,
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ impl Settings {
            level_back_end,

            is_fallback_to_size_enabled: false,
+            is_system_request_memoization_disabled: false,

            is_verify_each_enabled,
            is_debug_logging_enabled,
@@ -202,10 +206,20 @@ impl Settings {
        self.is_fallback_to_size_enabled = true;
    }

+    /// Disables the system request memoization.
+    pub fn disable_system_request_memoization(&mut self) {
+        self.is_system_request_memoization_disabled = true;
+    }
+
    /// Whether the fallback to optimizing for size is enabled.
    pub fn is_fallback_to_size_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_fallback_to_size_enabled
    }
+
+    /// Whether the system request memoization is disabled.
+    pub fn is_system_request_memoization_disabled(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_system_request_memoization_disabled
+    }
 }

 impl PartialEq for Settings {
@@ -1,20 +1,83 @@
 //! The LLVM context constants.

+/// Runtime API methods.
+pub mod runtime_api;
+
 /// The LLVM framework version.
 pub const LLVM_VERSION: semver::Version = semver::Version::new(18, 1, 4);

-/// The pointer width sized type.
+/// The PolkaVM version.
+pub const ZKEVM_VERSION: semver::Version = semver::Version::new(1, 3, 2);
+
+/// The register width sized type
 pub static XLEN: usize = revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_X32;

 /// The heap memory pointer pointer global variable name.
 pub static GLOBAL_HEAP_MEMORY_POINTER: &str = "memory_pointer";

+/// The calldata pointer global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_CALLDATA_POINTER: &str = "ptr_calldata";
+
 /// The calldata size global variable name.
 pub static GLOBAL_CALLDATA_SIZE: &str = "calldatasize";

+/// The return data pointer global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_RETURN_DATA_POINTER: &str = "ptr_return_data";
+
+/// The return data size pointer global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_RETURN_DATA_SIZE: &str = "returndatasize";
+
 /// The call flags global variable name.
 pub static GLOBAL_CALL_FLAGS: &str = "call_flags";

+/// The extra ABI data global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_EXTRA_ABI_DATA: &str = "extra_abi_data";
+
+/// The active pointer global variable name.
+pub static GLOBAL_ACTIVE_POINTER: &str = "ptr_active";
+
+/// The constant array global variable name prefix.
+pub static GLOBAL_CONST_ARRAY_PREFIX: &str = "const_array_";
+
+/// The global verbatim getter identifier prefix.
+pub static GLOBAL_VERBATIM_GETTER_PREFIX: &str = "get_global::";
+
+/// The static word size.
+pub static GLOBAL_I256_SIZE: &str = "i256_size";
+
+/// The static value size.
+pub static GLOBAL_I160_SIZE: &str = "i160_size";
+
+/// The static i64 size.
+pub static GLOBAL_I64_SIZE: &str = "i64_size";
+
+/// The external call data offset in the auxiliary heap.
+pub const HEAP_AUX_OFFSET_EXTERNAL_CALL: u64 = 0;
+
+/// The constructor return data offset in the auxiliary heap.
+pub const HEAP_AUX_OFFSET_CONSTRUCTOR_RETURN_DATA: u64 =
+    8 * (revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD as u64);
+
+/// The number of the extra ABI data arguments.
+pub const EXTRA_ABI_DATA_SIZE: usize = 0;
+
+/// The `create` method deployer signature.
+pub static DEPLOYER_SIGNATURE_CREATE: &str = "create(bytes32,bytes32,bytes)";
+
+/// The `create2` method deployer signature.
+pub static DEPLOYER_SIGNATURE_CREATE2: &str = "create2(bytes32,bytes32,bytes)";
+
+/// The absence of system call bit.
+pub const NO_SYSTEM_CALL_BIT: bool = false;
+
+/// The system call bit.
+pub const SYSTEM_CALL_BIT: bool = true;
+
 /// The deployer call header size that consists of:
+/// - selector (4 bytes)
+/// - salt (32 bytes)
 /// - bytecode hash (32 bytes)
-pub const DEPLOYER_CALL_HEADER_SIZE: usize = revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD;
+/// - constructor arguments offset (32 bytes)
+/// - constructor arguments length (32 bytes)
+pub const DEPLOYER_CALL_HEADER_SIZE: usize =
+    revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_X32 + (revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD * 4);
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//! Runtime API import and export symbols.
+
+/// The contract deploy export.
+pub static CALL: &str = "call";
+
+/// The contract call export.
+pub static DEPLOY: &str = "deploy";
+
+/// All exported symbols.
+/// Useful for configuring common attributes and linkage.
+pub static EXPORTS: [&str; 2] = [CALL, DEPLOY];
+
+pub static ADDRESS: &str = "address";
+
+pub static BLOCK_NUMBER: &str = "block_number";
+
+pub static CALLER: &str = "caller";
+
+pub static DEPOSIT_EVENT: &str = "deposit_event";
+
+pub static GET_STORAGE: &str = "get_storage";
+
+pub static HASH_KECCAK_256: &str = "hash_keccak_256";
+
+pub static INPUT: &str = "input";
+
+pub static NOW: &str = "now";
+
+pub static RETURN: &str = "seal_return";
+
+pub static SET_STORAGE: &str = "set_storage";
+
+pub static VALUE_TRANSFERRED: &str = "value_transferred";
+
+/// All imported runtime API symbols..
+/// Useful for configuring common attributes and linkage.
+pub static IMPORTS: [&str; 11] = [
+    ADDRESS,
+    BLOCK_NUMBER,
+    CALLER,
+    DEPOSIT_EVENT,
+    GET_STORAGE,
+    HASH_KECCAK_256,
+    INPUT,
+    NOW,
+    RETURN,
+    SET_STORAGE,
+    VALUE_TRANSFERRED,
+];
+
+/// PolkaVM __sbrk API symbol to extend the heap memory.
+pub static SBRK: &str = "__sbrk";
@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@ pub enum AddressSpace {
    Stack,
    /// The heap memory.
    Heap,
+    /// The auxiliary heap memory.
+    HeapAuxiliary,
    /// The generic memory page.
+    Generic,
+    /// The code area.
+    Code,
+    /// The storage.
    Storage,
    /// The transient storage.
    TransientStorage,
@@ -19,6 +25,9 @@ impl From<AddressSpace> for inkwell::AddressSpace {
        match value {
            AddressSpace::Stack => Self::from(0),
            AddressSpace::Heap => Self::from(1),
+            AddressSpace::HeapAuxiliary => Self::from(2),
+            AddressSpace::Generic => Self::from(3),
+            AddressSpace::Code => Self::from(4),
            AddressSpace::Storage => Self::from(5),
            AddressSpace::TransientStorage => Self::from(6),
        }
@@ -1,43 +1,7 @@
 //! The LLVM debug information.

-use std::cell::RefCell;
-
 use inkwell::debug_info::AsDIScope;
-use inkwell::debug_info::DIScope;
-
-/// Debug info scope stack
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct ScopeStack<'ctx> {
-    stack: Vec<DIScope<'ctx>>,
-}
-
-// Abstract the type of the DIScope stack.
-impl<'ctx> ScopeStack<'ctx> {
-    pub fn from(item: DIScope<'ctx>) -> Self {
-        Self { stack: vec![item] }
-    }
-
-    /// Return the top of the scope stack, or None if the stack is empty.
-    pub fn top(&self) -> Option<DIScope<'ctx>> {
-        self.stack.last().copied()
-    }
-
-    /// Push a scope onto the stack.
-    pub fn push(&mut self, scope: DIScope<'ctx>) {
-        self.stack.push(scope)
-    }
-
-    /// Pop the scope at the top of the stack and return it.
-    /// Return None if the stack is empty.
-    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<DIScope<'ctx>> {
-        self.stack.pop()
-    }
-
-    /// Return the number of scopes on the stack.
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.stack.len()
-    }
-}
+use num::Zero;

 /// The LLVM debug information.
 pub struct DebugInfo<'ctx> {
@@ -45,8 +9,6 @@ pub struct DebugInfo<'ctx> {
    compile_unit: inkwell::debug_info::DICompileUnit<'ctx>,
    /// The debug info builder.
    builder: inkwell::debug_info::DebugInfoBuilder<'ctx>,
-    /// Enclosing debug info scopes.
-    scope_stack: RefCell<ScopeStack<'ctx>>,
 }

 impl<'ctx> DebugInfo<'ctx> {
@@ -73,43 +35,19 @@ impl<'ctx> DebugInfo<'ctx> {
        Self {
            compile_unit,
            builder,
-            scope_stack: RefCell::new(ScopeStack::from(compile_unit.as_debug_info_scope())),
        }
    }

-    /// Prepare an LLVM-IR module for debug-info generation
-    pub fn initialize_module(
-        &self,
-        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
-        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
-    ) {
-        let debug_metadata_value = llvm
-            .i32_type()
-            .const_int(inkwell::debug_info::debug_metadata_version() as u64, false);
-        module.add_basic_value_flag(
-            "Debug Info Version",
-            inkwell::module::FlagBehavior::Warning,
-            debug_metadata_value,
-        );
-        self.push_scope(self.compilation_unit().get_file().as_debug_info_scope());
-    }
-
-    /// Finalize debug-info for an LLVM-IR module.
-    pub fn finalize_module(&self) {
-        self.builder().finalize()
-    }
-
    /// Creates a function info.
    pub fn create_function(
        &self,
        name: &str,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<inkwell::debug_info::DISubprogram<'ctx>> {
-        let flags = inkwell::debug_info::DIFlagsConstants::ZERO;
        let subroutine_type = self.builder.create_subroutine_type(
            self.compile_unit.get_file(),
-            Some(self.create_word_type(Some(flags))?.as_type()),
+            Some(self.create_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_FIELD)?),
            &[],
-            flags,
+            inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::zero(),
        );

        let function = self.builder.create_function(
@@ -122,7 +60,7 @@ impl<'ctx> DebugInfo<'ctx> {
            true,
            false,
            1,
-            flags,
+            inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::zero(),
            false,
        );

@@ -136,55 +74,24 @@ impl<'ctx> DebugInfo<'ctx> {
        Ok(function)
    }

-    /// Creates primitive integer type debug-info.
-    pub fn create_primitive_type(
+    /// Creates a primitive type info.
+    pub fn create_type(
        &self,
        bit_length: usize,
-        flags: Option<inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<inkwell::debug_info::DIBasicType<'ctx>> {
-        let di_flags = flags.unwrap_or(inkwell::debug_info::DIFlagsConstants::ZERO);
-        let di_encoding: u32 = 0;
-        let type_name = String::from("U") + bit_length.to_string().as_str();
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<inkwell::debug_info::DIType<'ctx>> {
        self.builder
-            .create_basic_type(type_name.as_str(), bit_length as u64, di_encoding, di_flags)
+            .create_basic_type(
+                "U256",
+                bit_length as u64,
+                0,
+                inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags::zero(),
+            )
+            .map(|basic_type| basic_type.as_type())
            .map_err(|error| anyhow::anyhow!("Debug info error: {}", error))
    }

-    /// Returns the debug-info model of word-sized integer types.
-    pub fn create_word_type(
-        &self,
-        flags: Option<inkwell::debug_info::DIFlags>,
-    ) -> anyhow::Result<inkwell::debug_info::DIBasicType<'ctx>> {
-        self.create_primitive_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD, flags)
-    }
-
-    /// Return the DIBuilder.
-    pub fn builder(&self) -> &inkwell::debug_info::DebugInfoBuilder<'ctx> {
-        &self.builder
-    }
-
-    /// Return the compilation unit. {
-    pub fn compilation_unit(&self) -> &inkwell::debug_info::DICompileUnit<'ctx> {
-        &self.compile_unit
-    }
-
-    /// Push a debug-info scope onto the stack.
-    pub fn push_scope(&self, scope: DIScope<'ctx>) {
-        self.scope_stack.borrow_mut().push(scope)
-    }
-
-    /// Pop the top of the debug-info scope stack and return it.
-    pub fn pop_scope(&self) -> Option<DIScope<'ctx>> {
-        self.scope_stack.borrow_mut().pop()
-    }
-
-    /// Return the top of the debug-info scope stack.
-    pub fn top_scope(&self) -> Option<DIScope<'ctx>> {
-        self.scope_stack.borrow().top()
-    }
-
-    /// Return the number of debug-info scopes on the scope stack.
-    pub fn num_scopes(&self) -> usize {
-        self.scope_stack.borrow().len()
+    /// Finalizes the builder.
+    pub fn finalize(&self) {
+        self.builder.finalize();
    }
 }
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct EVMLAData<'ctx> {
    pub stack: Vec<Argument<'ctx>>,
 }

-impl EVMLAData<'_> {
+impl<'ctx> EVMLAData<'ctx> {
    /// The default stack size.
    pub const DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE: usize = 64;

@@ -17,8 +17,4 @@ impl<'ctx> Declaration<'ctx> {
    ) -> Self {
        Self { r#type, value }
    }
-
-    pub fn function_value(&self) -> inkwell::values::FunctionValue<'ctx> {
-        self.value
-    }
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@

 use inkwell::types::BasicType;

+use crate::polkavm::context::address_space::AddressSpace;
 use crate::polkavm::context::function::declaration::Declaration as FunctionDeclaration;

 /// The LLVM intrinsic functions, implemented in the LLVM back-end.
@@ -10,6 +11,10 @@ use crate::polkavm::context::function::declaration::Declaration as FunctionDecla
 pub struct Intrinsics<'ctx> {
    /// The trap.
    pub trap: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The memory copy within the heap.
+    pub memory_copy: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The memory copy from a generic page.
+    pub memory_copy_from_generic: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
    /// Performs endianness swaps on i256 values
    pub byte_swap_word: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
    /// Performs endianness swaps on i160 values
@@ -20,6 +25,12 @@ impl<'ctx> Intrinsics<'ctx> {
    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
    pub const FUNCTION_TRAP: &'static str = "llvm.trap";

+    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_MEMORY_COPY: &'static str = "llvm.memcpy.p1.p1.i256";
+
+    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_MEMORY_COPY_FROM_GENERIC: &'static str = "llvm.memcpy.p3.p1.i256";
+
    /// The corresponding intrinsic function name.
    pub const FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_WORD: &'static str = "llvm.bswap.i256";

@@ -32,8 +43,12 @@ impl<'ctx> Intrinsics<'ctx> {
        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
    ) -> Self {
        let void_type = llvm.void_type();
+        let bool_type = llvm.bool_type();
        let word_type = llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32);
        let address_type = llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_ETH_ADDRESS as u32);
+        let _stack_field_pointer_type = llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Stack.into());
+        let heap_field_pointer_type = llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Heap.into());
+        let generic_byte_pointer_type = llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic.into());

        let trap = Self::declare(
            llvm,
@@ -41,6 +56,34 @@ impl<'ctx> Intrinsics<'ctx> {
            Self::FUNCTION_TRAP,
            void_type.fn_type(&[], false),
        );
+        let memory_copy = Self::declare(
+            llvm,
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_MEMORY_COPY,
+            void_type.fn_type(
+                &[
+                    heap_field_pointer_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                    heap_field_pointer_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                    word_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                    bool_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                ],
+                false,
+            ),
+        );
+        let memory_copy_from_generic = Self::declare(
+            llvm,
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_MEMORY_COPY_FROM_GENERIC,
+            void_type.fn_type(
+                &[
+                    heap_field_pointer_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                    generic_byte_pointer_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                    word_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                    bool_type.as_basic_type_enum().into(),
+                ],
+                false,
+            ),
+        );
        let byte_swap_word = Self::declare(
            llvm,
            module,
@@ -56,6 +99,8 @@ impl<'ctx> Intrinsics<'ctx> {

        Self {
            trap,
+            memory_copy,
+            memory_copy_from_generic,
            byte_swap_word,
            byte_swap_eth_address,
        }
@@ -85,6 +130,20 @@ impl<'ctx> Intrinsics<'ctx> {
        let word_type = llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32);

        match name {
+            name if name == Self::FUNCTION_MEMORY_COPY => vec![
+                llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Heap.into())
+                    .as_basic_type_enum(),
+                llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Heap.into())
+                    .as_basic_type_enum(),
+                word_type.as_basic_type_enum(),
+            ],
+            name if name == Self::FUNCTION_MEMORY_COPY_FROM_GENERIC => vec![
+                llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Heap.into())
+                    .as_basic_type_enum(),
+                llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic.into())
+                    .as_basic_type_enum(),
+                word_type.as_basic_type_enum(),
+            ],
            name if name == Self::FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_WORD => vec![word_type.as_basic_type_enum()],
            name if name == Self::FUNCTION_BYTE_SWAP_ETH_ADDRESS => {
                vec![llvm
@@ -11,6 +11,20 @@ use crate::polkavm::context::function::Function;
 /// The functions are automatically linked to the LLVM implementations if the signatures match.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
+    /// The LLVM personality function, used for exception handling.
+    pub personality: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The LLVM exception throwing function.
+    pub cxa_throw: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub shl: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub shr: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub sar: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub byte: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
    pub add_mod: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
@@ -22,9 +36,55 @@ pub struct LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {

    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
    pub sha3: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub system_request: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    //pub far_call: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub far_call_byref: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub static_call: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub static_call_byref: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub delegate_call: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub delegate_call_byref: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub mimic_call: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub mimic_call_byref: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub r#return: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+    /// The corresponding LLVM runtime function.
+    pub revert: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
 }

 impl<'ctx> LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
+    /// The LLVM personality function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_PERSONALITY: &'static str = "__personality";
+
+    /// The LLVM exception throwing function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_CXA_THROW: &'static str = "__cxa_throw";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_SHL: &'static str = "__shl";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_SHR: &'static str = "__shr";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_SAR: &'static str = "__sar";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_BYTE: &'static str = "__byte";
+
    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
    pub const FUNCTION_ADDMOD: &'static str = "__addmod";

@@ -40,12 +100,145 @@ impl<'ctx> LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
    pub const FUNCTION_SHA3: &'static str = "__sha3";

+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_SYSTEM_REQUEST: &'static str = "__system_request";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_FARCALL: &'static str = "__farcall";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_STATICCALL: &'static str = "__staticcall";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_DELEGATECALL: &'static str = "__delegatecall";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_MIMICCALL: &'static str = "__mimiccall";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_FARCALL_BYREF: &'static str = "__farcall_byref";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_STATICCALL_BYREF: &'static str = "__staticcall_byref";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_DELEGATECALL_BYREF: &'static str = "__delegatecall_byref";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_MIMICCALL_BYREF: &'static str = "__mimiccall_byref";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_RETURN: &'static str = "__return";
+
+    /// The corresponding runtime function name.
+    pub const FUNCTION_REVERT: &'static str = "__revert";
+
    /// A shortcut constructor.
    pub fn new(
        llvm: &'ctx inkwell::context::Context,
        module: &inkwell::module::Module<'ctx>,
        optimizer: &Optimizer,
    ) -> Self {
+        let personality = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_PERSONALITY,
+            llvm.i32_type().fn_type(&[], false),
+            None,
+        );
+
+        let cxa_throw = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_CXA_THROW,
+            llvm.void_type().fn_type(
+                vec![
+                    llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Stack.into())
+                        .as_basic_type_enum()
+                        .into();
+                    3
+                ]
+                .as_slice(),
+                false,
+            ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_cxa_throw_attributes(llvm, cxa_throw);
+
+        let shl = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_SHL,
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .fn_type(
+                    vec![
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into();
+                        2
+                    ]
+                    .as_slice(),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, shl, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, shl);
+
+        let shr = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_SHR,
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .fn_type(
+                    vec![
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into();
+                        2
+                    ]
+                    .as_slice(),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, shr, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, shr);
+
+        let sar = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_SAR,
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .fn_type(
+                    vec![
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into();
+                        2
+                    ]
+                    .as_slice(),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, sar, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, sar);
+
+        let byte = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_BYTE,
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .fn_type(
+                    vec![
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into();
+                        2
+                    ]
+                    .as_slice(),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, byte, optimizer);
+        Function::set_pure_function_attributes(llvm, byte);
+
        let add_mod =
            Self::define(module, Self::FUNCTION_ADDMOD).expect("should be declared in stdlib");
        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, add_mod, optimizer);
@@ -95,13 +288,201 @@ impl<'ctx> LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
            false,
        );

+        let system_request = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_SYSTEM_REQUEST,
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .fn_type(
+                    vec![
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                        llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                        llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Stack.into())
+                            .as_basic_type_enum()
+                            .into(),
+                    ]
+                    .as_slice(),
+                    false,
+                ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, system_request, optimizer);
+
+        let external_call_arguments: Vec<inkwell::types::BasicMetadataTypeEnum> = vec![
+                llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                    .as_basic_type_enum()
+                    .into();
+                crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime::entry::Entry::MANDATORY_ARGUMENTS_COUNT
+                    + crate::polkavm::EXTRA_ABI_DATA_SIZE
+            ];
+        let mut mimic_call_arguments = external_call_arguments.clone();
+        mimic_call_arguments.push(
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .as_basic_type_enum()
+                .into(),
+        );
+
+        let mut external_call_arguments_by_ref: Vec<inkwell::types::BasicMetadataTypeEnum> = vec![
+            llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic.into())
+                .as_basic_type_enum()
+                .into(),
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .as_basic_type_enum()
+                .into(),
+        ];
+        external_call_arguments_by_ref.extend::<Vec<inkwell::types::BasicMetadataTypeEnum>>(vec![
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(
+                revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32
+            )
+            .as_basic_type_enum()
+            .into();
+            crate::polkavm::EXTRA_ABI_DATA_SIZE
+        ]);
+        let mut mimic_call_arguments_by_ref = external_call_arguments_by_ref.clone();
+        mimic_call_arguments_by_ref.push(
+            llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                .as_basic_type_enum()
+                .into(),
+        );
+
+        let external_call_result_type = llvm
+            .struct_type(
+                &[
+                    llvm.ptr_type(AddressSpace::Generic.into())
+                        .as_basic_type_enum(),
+                    llvm.bool_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+                ],
+                false,
+            )
+            .as_basic_type_enum();
+
+        //let far_call = Self::declare(
+        //    module,
+        //    Self::FUNCTION_FARCALL,
+        //    external_call_result_type.fn_type(external_call_arguments.as_slice(), false),
+        //    Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        //);
+        //Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, far_call, optimizer);
+        let static_call = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_STATICCALL,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(external_call_arguments.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, static_call, optimizer);
+        let delegate_call = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_DELEGATECALL,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(external_call_arguments.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, delegate_call, optimizer);
+        let mimic_call = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_MIMICCALL,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(mimic_call_arguments.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, mimic_call, optimizer);
+
+        let far_call_byref = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_FARCALL_BYREF,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(external_call_arguments_by_ref.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, far_call_byref, optimizer);
+        let static_call_byref = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_STATICCALL_BYREF,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(external_call_arguments_by_ref.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, static_call_byref, optimizer);
+        let delegate_call_byref = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_DELEGATECALL_BYREF,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(external_call_arguments_by_ref.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, delegate_call_byref, optimizer);
+        let mimic_call_byref = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_MIMICCALL_BYREF,
+            external_call_result_type.fn_type(mimic_call_arguments_by_ref.as_slice(), false),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, mimic_call_byref, optimizer);
+
+        let r#return = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_RETURN,
+            llvm.void_type().fn_type(
+                vec![
+                    llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                        .as_basic_type_enum()
+                        .into();
+                    3
+                ]
+                .as_slice(),
+                false,
+            ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, r#return, optimizer);
+        let revert = Self::declare(
+            module,
+            Self::FUNCTION_REVERT,
+            llvm.void_type().fn_type(
+                vec![
+                    llvm.custom_width_int_type(revive_common::BIT_LENGTH_WORD as u32)
+                        .as_basic_type_enum()
+                        .into();
+                    3
+                ]
+                .as_slice(),
+                false,
+            ),
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
+        );
+        Function::set_default_attributes(llvm, revert, optimizer);
+
        Self {
+            personality,
+            cxa_throw,
+
+            shl,
+            shr,
+            sar,
+            byte,
+
            add_mod,
            mul_mod,
            exp,
            sign_extend,

            sha3,
+
+            system_request,
+
+            //far_call,
+            static_call,
+            delegate_call,
+            mimic_call,
+
+            far_call_byref,
+            static_call_byref,
+            delegate_call_byref,
+            mimic_call_byref,
+
+            r#return,
+            revert,
        }
    }

@@ -125,4 +506,42 @@ impl<'ctx> LLVMRuntime<'ctx> {
        value.set_linkage(inkwell::module::Linkage::External);
        FunctionDeclaration::new(value.get_type(), value).into()
    }
+
+    /// Modifies the external call function with `is_byref` and `is_system` modifiers.
+    pub fn modify(
+        &self,
+        function: FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>,
+        is_byref: bool,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>> {
+        let modified = if
+        /*function == self.far_call {
+            match is_byref {
+                false => self.far_call,
+                true => self.far_call_byref,
+            }
+        } else if */
+        function == self.static_call {
+            match is_byref {
+                false => self.static_call,
+                true => self.static_call_byref,
+            }
+        } else if function == self.delegate_call {
+            match is_byref {
+                false => self.delegate_call,
+                true => self.delegate_call_byref,
+            }
+        } else if function == self.mimic_call {
+            match is_byref {
+                false => self.mimic_call,
+                true => self.mimic_call_byref,
+            }
+        } else {
+            anyhow::bail!(
+                "Cannot modify an external call function `{}`",
+                function.value.get_name().to_string_lossy()
+            );
+        };
+
+        Ok(modified)
+    }
 }
@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ pub mod intrinsics;
 pub mod llvm_runtime;
 pub mod r#return;
 pub mod runtime;
+pub mod vyper_data;
 pub mod yul_data;

 use std::collections::HashMap;

-use inkwell::debug_info::AsDIScope;
-
 use crate::optimizer::settings::size_level::SizeLevel;
 use crate::optimizer::Optimizer;
 use crate::polkavm::context::attribute::Attribute;
@@ -21,6 +20,8 @@ use crate::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer;
 use self::declaration::Declaration;
 use self::evmla_data::EVMLAData;
 use self::r#return::Return;
+use self::runtime::Runtime;
+use self::vyper_data::VyperData;
 use self::yul_data::YulData;

 /// The LLVM IR generator function.
@@ -47,9 +48,17 @@ pub struct Function<'ctx> {
    yul_data: Option<YulData>,
    /// The EVM legacy assembly compiler data.
    evmla_data: Option<EVMLAData<'ctx>>,
+    /// The Vyper data.
+    vyper_data: Option<VyperData>,
 }

 impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {
+    /// The near call ABI function prefix.
+    pub const ZKSYNC_NEAR_CALL_ABI_PREFIX: &'static str = "ZKSYNC_NEAR_CALL";
+
+    /// The near call ABI exception handler name.
+    pub const ZKSYNC_NEAR_CALL_ABI_EXCEPTION_HANDLER: &'static str = "ZKSYNC_CATCH_NEAR_CALL";
+
    /// The stack hashmap default capacity.
    const STACK_HASHMAP_INITIAL_CAPACITY: usize = 64;

@@ -73,6 +82,7 @@ impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {

            yul_data: None,
            evmla_data: None,
+            vyper_data: None,
        }
    }

@@ -85,10 +95,15 @@ impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {
    pub fn is_name_external(name: &str) -> bool {
        name.starts_with("llvm.")
            || (name.starts_with("__")
-                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY
-                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE
-                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE
-                && name != self::runtime::FUNCTION_LOAD_IMMUTABLE_DATA)
+                && name != Runtime::FUNCTION_ENTRY
+                && name != Runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE
+                && name != Runtime::FUNCTION_RUNTIME_CODE)
+    }
+
+    /// Checks whether the function is related to the near call ABI.
+    pub fn is_near_call_abi(name: &str) -> bool {
+        name.starts_with(Self::ZKSYNC_NEAR_CALL_ABI_PREFIX)
+            || name == Self::ZKSYNC_NEAR_CALL_ABI_EXCEPTION_HANDLER
    }

    /// Returns the LLVM function declaration.
@@ -96,14 +111,6 @@ impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {
        self.declaration
    }

-    /// Returns the debug-info scope.
-    pub fn get_debug_scope(&self) -> Option<inkwell::debug_info::DIScope<'ctx>> {
-        self.declaration()
-            .function_value()
-            .get_subprogram()
-            .map(|scp| scp.as_debug_info_scope())
-    }
-
    /// Returns the N-th parameter of the function.
    pub fn get_nth_param(&self, index: usize) -> inkwell::values::BasicValueEnum<'ctx> {
        self.declaration()
@@ -121,7 +128,7 @@ impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {
    ) {
        for attribute_kind in attributes.into_iter() {
            match attribute_kind {
-                Attribute::Memory => unimplemented!("`memory` attributes are not implemented"),
+                Attribute::Memory => todo!("`memory` attributes are not yet implemented"),
                attribute_kind @ Attribute::AlwaysInline if force => {
                    let is_optimize_none_set = declaration
                        .value
@@ -323,6 +330,29 @@ impl<'ctx> Function<'ctx> {
            .expect("The EVM data must have been initialized")
    }

+    /// Sets the Vyper data.
+    pub fn set_vyper_data(&mut self, data: VyperData) {
+        self.vyper_data = Some(data);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Vyper data reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the Vyper data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn vyper(&self) -> &VyperData {
+        self.vyper_data
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The Vyper data must have been initialized")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the Vyper data mutable reference.
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If the Vyper data has not been initialized.
+    pub fn vyper_mut(&mut self) -> &mut VyperData {
+        self.vyper_data
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("The Vyper data must have been initialized")
+    }
+
    /// Sets the Yul data.
    pub fn set_yul_data(&mut self, data: YulData) {
        self.yul_data = Some(data);
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+//! The `default_call` function.
+
+use inkwell::types::BasicType;
+
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::declaration::Declaration as FunctionDeclaration;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::llvm_runtime::LLVMRuntime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::Function;
+use crate::polkavm::context::Context;
+use crate::polkavm::Dependency;
+use crate::polkavm::WriteLLVM;
+
+/// The `default_call` function.
+/// Generates a default contract call, if the `msg.value` is zero.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DefaultCall {
+    /// The name of the inner function used for the low-level call.
+    inner_name: String,
+    /// The function name with the low-level function name as an element.
+    name: String,
+}
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+impl DefaultCall {
+    /// The gas argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_GAS: usize = 0;
+
+    /// The address argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_ADDRESS: usize = 1;
+
+    /// The input offset argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_INPUT_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+
+    /// The input length argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_INPUT_LENGTH: usize = 3;
+
+    /// The output offset argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_OUTPUT_OFFSET: usize = 4;
+
+    /// The output length argument index.
+    pub const ARGUMENT_INDEX_OUTPUT_LENGTH: usize = 5;
+
+    /// A shortcut constructor.
+    pub fn new(call_function: FunctionDeclaration) -> Self {
+        let inner_name = call_function.value.get_name().to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        let name = Self::name(call_function);
+
+        Self { inner_name, name }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the function name.
+    pub fn name(call_function: FunctionDeclaration) -> String {
+        let suffix = match call_function.value.get_name().to_string_lossy() {
+            name if name == LLVMRuntime::FUNCTION_FARCALL => "far",
+            name if name == LLVMRuntime::FUNCTION_STATICCALL => "static",
+            name if name == LLVMRuntime::FUNCTION_DELEGATECALL => "delegate",
+            name => panic!("Invalid low-level call inner function `{name}`"),
+        };
+        format!("__default_{suffix}_call")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the low-level call function.
+    fn inner_function<'ctx, D>(&self, context: &Context<'ctx, D>) -> FunctionDeclaration<'ctx>
+    where
+        D: Dependency + Clone,
+    {
+        match self.inner_name.as_str() {
+            //name if name == LLVMRuntime::FUNCTION_FARCALL => context.llvm_runtime().far_call,
+            name if name == LLVMRuntime::FUNCTION_STATICCALL => context.llvm_runtime().static_call,
+            name if name == LLVMRuntime::FUNCTION_DELEGATECALL => {
+                context.llvm_runtime().delegate_call
+            }
+            name => panic!("Invalid low-level call inner function `{name}`"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D> WriteLLVM<D> for DefaultCall
+where
+    D: Dependency + Clone,
+{
+    fn declare(&mut self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let function_type = context.function_type(
+            vec![
+                context.word_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+                context.word_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+                context.word_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+                context.word_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+                context.word_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+                context.word_type().as_basic_type_enum(),
+            ],
+            1,
+            false,
+        );
+        let function = context.add_function(
+            self.name.as_str(),
+            function_type,
+            1,
+            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::Private),
+        )?;
+        Function::set_frontend_runtime_attributes(
+            context.llvm,
+            function.borrow().declaration(),
+            &context.optimizer,
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn into_llvm(self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        context.set_current_function(self.name.as_str())?;
+
+        /*
+               let gas = context
+                   .current_function()
+                   .borrow()
+                   .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_GAS)
+                   .into_int_value();
+               let address = context
+                   .current_function()
+                   .borrow()
+                   .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_ADDRESS)
+                   .into_int_value();
+               let input_offset = context
+                   .current_function()
+                   .borrow()
+                   .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_INPUT_OFFSET)
+                   .into_int_value();
+               let input_length = context
+                   .current_function()
+                   .borrow()
+                   .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_INPUT_LENGTH)
+                   .into_int_value();
+               let output_offset = context
+                   .current_function()
+                   .borrow()
+                   .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_OUTPUT_OFFSET)
+                   .into_int_value();
+               let output_length = context
+                   .current_function()
+                   .borrow()
+                   .get_nth_param(Self::ARGUMENT_INDEX_OUTPUT_LENGTH)
+                   .into_int_value();
+        */
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().entry_block());
+
+        let status_code_result_pointer = context.build_alloca(
+            context.word_type(),
+            "contract_call_result_status_code_pointer",
+        );
+        /*
+        context.build_store(status_code_result_pointer, context.field_const(0));
+
+        let abi_data = crate::polkavm::utils::abi_data(
+            context,
+            input_offset,
+            input_length,
+            Some(gas),
+            AddressSpace::Heap,
+            false,
+        )?
+        .into_int_value();
+
+        let result = context
+            .build_call(
+                self.inner_function(context),
+                crate::polkavm::utils::external_call_arguments(
+                    context,
+                    abi_data.as_basic_value_enum(),
+                    address,
+                    vec![],
+                    None,
+                )
+                .as_slice(),
+                "contract_call_external",
+            )
+            .expect("IntrinsicFunction always returns a flag");
+
+        let result_abi_data = context
+            .builder()
+            .build_extract_value(
+                result.into_struct_value(),
+                0,
+                "contract_call_external_result_abi_data",
+            )
+            .expect("Always exists");
+        let result_abi_data_pointer = Pointer::new(
+            context.byte_type(),
+            AddressSpace::Generic,
+            result_abi_data.into_pointer_value(),
+        );
+        let result_abi_data_casted = result_abi_data_pointer.cast(context.field_type());
+
+        let result_status_code_boolean = context
+            .builder()
+            .build_extract_value(
+                result.into_struct_value(),
+                1,
+                "contract_call_external_result_status_code_boolean",
+            )
+            .expect("Always exists");
+        let result_status_code = context.builder().build_int_z_extend_or_bit_cast(
+            result_status_code_boolean.into_int_value(),
+            context.field_type(),
+            "contract_call_external_result_status_code",
+        )?;
+        context.build_store(status_code_result_pointer, result_status_code);
+
+        let source = result_abi_data_casted;
+
+        let destination = Pointer::new_with_offset(
+            context,
+            AddressSpace::Heap,
+            context.byte_type(),
+            output_offset,
+            "contract_call_destination",
+        );
+
+        context.build_memcpy_return_data(
+            context.intrinsics().memory_copy_from_generic,
+            destination,
+            source,
+            output_length,
+            "contract_call_memcpy_from_child",
+        );
+
+        context.write_abi_pointer(
+            result_abi_data_pointer,
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_RETURN_DATA_POINTER,
+        );
+        context.write_abi_data_size(
+            result_abi_data_pointer,
+            crate::polkavm::GLOBAL_RETURN_DATA_SIZE,
+        );
+        */
+        context.build_unconditional_branch(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+
+        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
+        let status_code_result =
+            context.build_load(status_code_result_pointer, "contract_call_status_code")?;
+        context.build_return(Some(&status_code_result));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@

 use std::marker::PhantomData;

+use crate::polkavm::context::address_space::AddressSpace;
 use crate::polkavm::context::code_type::CodeType;
-use crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::function::runtime::Runtime;
+use crate::polkavm::context::pointer::Pointer;
 use crate::polkavm::context::Context;
 use crate::polkavm::Dependency;
 use crate::polkavm::WriteLLVM;
@@ -42,9 +44,10 @@ where
    D: Dependency + Clone,
 {
    fn declare(&mut self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        let function_type = context.function_type::<inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum>(vec![], 0);
+        let function_type =
+            context.function_type::<inkwell::types::BasicTypeEnum>(vec![], 0, false);
        context.add_function(
-            runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE,
+            Runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE,
            function_type,
            0,
            Some(inkwell::module::Linkage::External),
@@ -54,14 +57,28 @@ where
    }

    fn into_llvm(self, context: &mut Context<D>) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-        context.set_current_function(runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE, None)?;
+        context.set_current_function(Runtime::FUNCTION_DEPLOY_CODE)?;

        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().entry_block());
        context.set_code_type(CodeType::Deploy);
+        if let Some(vyper) = context.vyper_data.as_ref() {
+            for index in 0..vyper.immutables_size() / revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD {
+                let offset = (crate::polkavm::r#const::HEAP_AUX_OFFSET_CONSTRUCTOR_RETURN_DATA
+                    as usize)
+                    + (1 + index) * 2 * revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD;
+                let value = index * revive_common::BYTE_LENGTH_WORD;
+                let pointer = Pointer::new_with_offset(
+                    context,
+                    AddressSpace::HeapAuxiliary,
+                    context.word_type(),
+                    context.word_const(offset as u64),
+                    "immutable_index_initializer",
+                );
+                context.build_store(pointer, context.word_const(value as u64))?;
+            }
+        }

        self.inner.into_llvm(context)?;
-        context.set_debug_location(0, 0, None)?;
-
        match context
            .basic_block()
            .get_last_instruction()
@@ -74,11 +91,8 @@ where
        }

        context.set_basic_block(context.current_function().borrow().return_block());
-        context.set_debug_location(0, 0, None)?;
        context.build_return(None);

-        context.pop_debug_scope();
-
        Ok(())
    }
 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
xermicus	ed4508fa9a	events fn Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>	2024-05-14 11:00:05 +02:00
xermicus	3eadcb1c40	truncate to xlen fn Signed-off-by: xermicus <cyrill@parity.io>	2024-05-14 10:59:39 +02:00