Release 0.9.0

Remove usize and isize from data model

.travis.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 sudo: false
 language: rust
 rust:
-- 1.12.0
 - 1.13.0
 - stable
 - beta
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ before_script:
 - export PATH=$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH
 script:
 - (cd serde && travis-cargo build)
-- (cd serde && travis-cargo --skip nightly test)
+- (cd serde && travis-cargo --only beta test)
 - (cd serde && travis-cargo --only nightly test -- --features unstable-testing)
 - (cd serde && travis-cargo build -- --no-default-features)
 - (cd serde && travis-cargo --only nightly build -- --no-default-features --features alloc)
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ script:
 - (cd testing && travis-cargo --skip nightly test)
 - (cd testing && travis-cargo --only nightly test -- --features unstable-testing)
 - (cd serde_derive && travis-cargo --only nightly test)
+- (cd serde_derive/no-std-tests && travis-cargo --only nightly build)
 #- (cd examples/serde-syntex-example && travis-cargo --skip nightly run)
 #- (cd examples/serde-syntex-example && travis-cargo --only nightly run -- --no-default-features --features unstable)
 - (cd serde && travis-cargo --only stable doc)

LICENSE

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-See LICENSE-APACHE and LICENSE-MIT.
-
-----
-
-bench_log is derived from https://github.com/cloudflare/goser, which has the
-following license:
-
-Copyright (c) 2013, CloudFlare, Inc.
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
-* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-* Neither the name of the author nor the
-  names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
-  derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
-ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
-WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
-DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
-(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
-LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
-ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
-SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-

serde/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "serde"
-version = "0.9.0-rc1"
+version = "0.9.0"
 authors = ["Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>"]
 license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 description = "A generic serialization/deserialization framework"
@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ repository = "https://github.com/serde-rs/serde"
 documentation = "https://docs.serde.rs/serde/"
 readme = "../README.md"
 keywords = ["serde", "serialization"]
+categories = ["encoding"]
 include = ["Cargo.toml", "src/**/*.rs"]
 
+[badges]
+travis-ci = { repository = "serde-rs/serde" }
+
 [features]
 default = ["std"]
 
@@ -22,3 +26,6 @@ unstable-testing = ["clippy", "unstable", "std"]
 
 [dependencies]
 clippy = { version = "^0.*", optional = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde_derive = "0.9.0-rc4"

serde/src/bytes.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
-//! Helper module to enable serializing bytes more efficiently
+//! Wrapper types to enable optimized handling of `&[u8]` and `Vec<u8>`.
+//!
+//! Without specialization, Rust forces us to treat `&[u8]` just like any other
+//! slice and `Vec<u8>` just like any other vector. In reality this particular
+//! slice and vector can often be serialized and deserialized in a more
+//! efficient, compact representation in many formats.
+//!
+//! When working with such a format, you can opt into specialized handling of
+//! `&[u8]` by wrapping it in `bytes::Bytes` and `Vec<u8>` by wrapping it in
+//! `bytes::ByteBuf`.
+//!
+//! Rust support for specialization is being tracked in
+//! [rust-lang/rust#31844][specialization]. Once it lands in the stable compiler
+//! we will be deprecating these wrapper types in favor of optimizing `&[u8]`
+//! and `Vec<u8>` out of the box.
+//!
+//! [specialization]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/31844
 
 use core::{ops, fmt, char, iter, slice};
 use core::fmt::Write;
@@ -6,14 +22,36 @@ use core::fmt::Write;
 use ser;
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-pub use self::bytebuf::{ByteBuf, ByteBufVisitor};
+pub use self::bytebuf::ByteBuf;
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
+#[doc(hidden)] // does anybody need this?
+pub use self::bytebuf::ByteBufVisitor;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 use collections::Vec;
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/// `Bytes` wraps a `&[u8]` in order to serialize into a byte array.
+/// Wraps a `&[u8]` in order to serialize in an efficient way. Does not support
+/// deserialization.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+/// # extern crate serde;
+/// # use std::net::IpAddr;
+/// #
+/// use serde::bytes::Bytes;
+///
+/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+/// #[derive(Serialize)]
+/// struct Packet<'a> {
+///     destination: IpAddr,
+///     payload: Bytes<'a>,
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # fn main() {}
+/// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct Bytes<'a> {
     bytes: &'a [u8],
@@ -86,7 +124,25 @@ mod bytebuf {
     #[cfg(feature = "collections")]
     use collections::{String, Vec};
 
-    /// `ByteBuf` wraps a `Vec<u8>` and serializes as a byte array.
+    /// Wraps a `Vec<u8>` in order to serialize and deserialize in an efficient
+    /// way.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+    /// # extern crate serde;
+    /// # use std::net::IpAddr;
+    /// #
+    /// use serde::bytes::ByteBuf;
+    ///
+    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
+    /// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+    /// struct Packet {
+    ///     destination: IpAddr,
+    ///     payload: ByteBuf,
+    /// }
+    /// #
+    /// # fn main() {}
+    /// ```
     #[derive(Clone, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
     pub struct ByteBuf {
         bytes: Vec<u8>,
@@ -181,6 +237,10 @@ mod bytebuf {
     impl de::Visitor for ByteBufVisitor {
         type Value = ByteBuf;
 
+        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+            formatter.write_str("byte array")
+        }
+
         #[inline]
         fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<ByteBuf, E>
             where E: de::Error,
@@ -234,7 +294,7 @@ mod bytebuf {
         fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<ByteBuf, D::Error>
             where D: de::Deserializer
         {
-            deserializer.deserialize_bytes(ByteBufVisitor)
+            deserializer.deserialize_byte_buf(ByteBufVisitor)
         }
     }
 }

serde/src/de/impls.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::borrow::Cow;
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
 use collections::borrow::Cow;
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ use std::collections::{
     VecDeque,
 };
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 use collections::enum_set::{CLike, EnumSet};
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 use collections::borrow::ToOwned;
 
+use core::fmt;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use core::hash::{Hash, BuildHasher};
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
@@ -42,15 +44,15 @@ use core::str;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::rc::Rc;
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
 use alloc::rc::Rc;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::sync::Arc;
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
 use alloc::arc::Arc;
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "alloc", not(feature = "std")))]
 use alloc::boxed::Box;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use core::nonzero::{NonZero, Zeroable};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
+#[allow(deprecated)] // required for impl Deserialize for NonZero<T>
 use core::num::Zero;
 
 use de::{
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ use de::{
     Error,
     MapVisitor,
     SeqVisitor,
-    Type,
+    Unexpected,
     VariantVisitor,
     Visitor,
 };
@@ -83,6 +86,10 @@ pub struct UnitVisitor;
 impl Visitor for UnitVisitor {
     type Value = ();
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("unit")
+    }
+
     fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<(), E>
         where E: Error,
     {
@@ -112,6 +119,10 @@ pub struct BoolVisitor;
 impl Visitor for BoolVisitor {
     type Value = bool;
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("a boolean")
+    }
+
     fn visit_bool<E>(self, v: bool) -> Result<bool, E>
         where E: Error,
     {
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ impl Visitor for BoolVisitor {
         match s.trim_matches(::utils::Pattern_White_Space) {
             "true" => Ok(true),
             "false" => Ok(false),
-            _ => Err(Error::invalid_type(Type::Bool)),
+            _ => Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Str(s), &self)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -140,81 +151,68 @@ impl Deserialize for bool {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 macro_rules! impl_deserialize_num_method {
-    ($src_ty:ty, $method:ident, $from_method:ident, $ty:expr) => {
+    ($ty:ident, $src_ty:ident, $method:ident, $from_method:ident, $group:ident, $group_ty:ident) => {
         #[inline]
-        fn $method<E>(self, v: $src_ty) -> Result<T, E>
+        fn $method<E>(self, v: $src_ty) -> Result<$ty, E>
             where E: Error,
         {
             match FromPrimitive::$from_method(v) {
                 Some(v) => Ok(v),
-                None => Err(Error::invalid_type($ty)),
+                None => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::$group(v as $group_ty), &self)),
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// A visitor that produces a primitive type.
-struct PrimitiveVisitor<T> {
-    marker: PhantomData<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> PrimitiveVisitor<T> {
-    /// Construct a new `PrimitiveVisitor`.
-    #[inline]
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        PrimitiveVisitor {
-            marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Visitor for PrimitiveVisitor<T>
-    where T: Deserialize + FromPrimitive + str::FromStr
-{
-    type Value = T;
-
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(isize, visit_isize, from_isize, Type::Isize);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(i8, visit_i8, from_i8, Type::I8);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(i16, visit_i16, from_i16, Type::I16);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(i32, visit_i32, from_i32, Type::I32);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(i64, visit_i64, from_i64, Type::I64);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(usize, visit_usize, from_usize, Type::Usize);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(u8, visit_u8, from_u8, Type::U8);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(u16, visit_u16, from_u16, Type::U16);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(u32, visit_u32, from_u32, Type::U32);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(u64, visit_u64, from_u64, Type::U64);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(f32, visit_f32, from_f32, Type::F32);
-    impl_deserialize_num_method!(f64, visit_f64, from_f64, Type::F64);
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn visit_str<E>(self, s: &str) -> Result<T, E>
-        where E: Error,
-    {
-        str::FromStr::from_str(s.trim_matches(::utils::Pattern_White_Space)).or_else(|_| {
-            Err(Error::invalid_type(Type::Str))
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 macro_rules! impl_deserialize_num {
-    ($ty:ty, $method:ident) => {
+    ($ty:ident, $method:ident) => {
         impl Deserialize for $ty {
             #[inline]
             fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<$ty, D::Error>
                 where D: Deserializer,
             {
-                deserializer.$method(PrimitiveVisitor::new())
+                struct PrimitiveVisitor;
+
+                impl Visitor for PrimitiveVisitor {
+                    type Value = $ty;
+
+                    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                        formatter.write_str(stringify!($ty))
+                    }
+
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, i8, visit_i8, from_i8, Signed, i64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, i16, visit_i16, from_i16, Signed, i64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, i32, visit_i32, from_i32, Signed, i64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, i64, visit_i64, from_i64, Signed, i64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, u8, visit_u8, from_u8, Unsigned, u64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, u16, visit_u16, from_u16, Unsigned, u64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, u32, visit_u32, from_u32, Unsigned, u64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, u64, visit_u64, from_u64, Unsigned, u64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, f32, visit_f32, from_f32, Float, f64);
+                    impl_deserialize_num_method!($ty, f64, visit_f64, from_f64, Float, f64);
+
+                    #[inline]
+                    fn visit_str<E>(self, s: &str) -> Result<$ty, E>
+                        where E: Error,
+                    {
+                        str::FromStr::from_str(s.trim_matches(::utils::Pattern_White_Space)).or_else(|_| {
+                            Err(Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::Str(s), &self))
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+
+                deserializer.$method(PrimitiveVisitor)
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl_deserialize_num!(isize, deserialize_isize);
+impl_deserialize_num!(isize, deserialize_i64);
 impl_deserialize_num!(i8, deserialize_i8);
 impl_deserialize_num!(i16, deserialize_i16);
 impl_deserialize_num!(i32, deserialize_i32);
 impl_deserialize_num!(i64, deserialize_i64);
-impl_deserialize_num!(usize, deserialize_usize);
+impl_deserialize_num!(usize, deserialize_u64);
 impl_deserialize_num!(u8, deserialize_u8);
 impl_deserialize_num!(u16, deserialize_u16);
 impl_deserialize_num!(u32, deserialize_u32);
@@ -229,6 +227,10 @@ struct CharVisitor;
 impl Visitor for CharVisitor {
     type Value = char;
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("a character")
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn visit_char<E>(self, v: char) -> Result<char, E>
         where E: Error,
@@ -241,14 +243,9 @@ impl Visitor for CharVisitor {
         where E: Error,
     {
         let mut iter = v.chars();
-        if let Some(v) = iter.next() {
-            if iter.next().is_some() {
-                Err(Error::invalid_type(Type::Char))
-            } else {
-                Ok(v)
-            }
-        } else {
-            Err(Error::end_of_stream())
+        match (iter.next(), iter.next()) {
+            (Some(c), None) => Ok(c),
+            _ => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(v), &self)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -271,6 +268,10 @@ struct StringVisitor;
 impl Visitor for StringVisitor {
     type Value = String;
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("a string")
+    }
+
     fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<String, E>
         where E: Error,
     {
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ impl Visitor for StringVisitor {
     {
         match str::from_utf8(v) {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s.to_owned()),
-            Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_type(Type::String)),
+            Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Bytes(v), &self)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ impl Visitor for StringVisitor {
     {
         match String::from_utf8(v) {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_type(Type::String)),
+            Err(e) => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Bytes(&e.into_bytes()), &self)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -328,6 +329,10 @@ impl<
 > Visitor for OptionVisitor<T> {
     type Value = Option<T>;
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("option")
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<Option<T>, E>
         where E: Error,
@@ -368,6 +373,10 @@ pub struct PhantomDataVisitor<T> {
 impl<T> Visitor for PhantomDataVisitor<T> {
     type Value = PhantomData<T>;
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("unit")
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<PhantomData<T>, E>
         where E: Error,
@@ -417,6 +426,10 @@ macro_rules! seq_impl {
         {
             type Value = $ty;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("a sequence")
+            }
+
             #[inline]
             fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<$ty, E>
                 where E: Error,
@@ -468,7 +481,7 @@ seq_impl!(
     BTreeSet::new(),
     BTreeSet::insert);
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 seq_impl!(
     EnumSet<T>,
     EnumSetVisitor<T: Deserialize + CLike>,
@@ -531,6 +544,10 @@ impl<A> ArrayVisitor<A> {
 impl<T> Visitor for ArrayVisitor<[T; 0]> where T: Deserialize {
     type Value = [T; 0];
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("an empty array")
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<[T; 0], E>
         where E: Error,
@@ -562,6 +579,10 @@ macro_rules! array_impls {
             impl<T> Visitor for ArrayVisitor<[T; $len]> where T: Deserialize {
                 type Value = [T; $len];
 
+                fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                    formatter.write_str(concat!("an array of length ", $len))
+                }
+
                 #[inline]
                 fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<[T; $len], V::Error>
                     where V: SeqVisitor,
@@ -569,7 +590,7 @@ macro_rules! array_impls {
                     $(
                         let $name = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
                             Some(val) => val,
-                            None => return Err(Error::end_of_stream()),
+                            None => return Err(Error::invalid_length(0, &self)),
                         };
                     )+
 
@@ -645,6 +666,10 @@ macro_rules! tuple_impls {
             impl<$($name: Deserialize),+> Visitor for $visitor<$($name,)+> {
                 type Value = ($($name,)+);
 
+                fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                    formatter.write_str(concat!("a tuple of size ", $len))
+                }
+
                 #[inline]
                 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
                 fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<($($name,)+), V::Error>
@@ -653,7 +678,7 @@ macro_rules! tuple_impls {
                     $(
                         let $name = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
                             Some(value) => value,
-                            None => return Err(Error::end_of_stream()),
+                            None => return Err(Error::invalid_length(0, &self)),
                         };
                     )+
 
@@ -723,6 +748,10 @@ macro_rules! map_impl {
         {
             type Value = $ty;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("a map")
+            }
+
             #[inline]
             fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<$ty, E>
                 where E: Error,
@@ -785,7 +814,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::IpAddr {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::invalid_value(&err.to_string())),
+            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::custom(err)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -798,7 +827,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::Ipv4Addr {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::invalid_value(&err.to_string())),
+            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::custom(err)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -811,7 +840,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::Ipv6Addr {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::invalid_value(&err.to_string())),
+            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::custom(err)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -826,7 +855,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddr {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::invalid_value(&err.to_string())),
+            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::custom(err)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -839,7 +868,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddrV4 {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::invalid_value(&err.to_string())),
+            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::custom(err)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -852,7 +881,7 @@ impl Deserialize for net::SocketAddrV6 {
         let s = try!(String::deserialize(deserializer));
         match s.parse() {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::invalid_value(&err.to_string())),
+            Err(err) => Err(D::Error::custom(err)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -866,6 +895,10 @@ struct PathBufVisitor;
 impl Visitor for PathBufVisitor {
     type Value = path::PathBuf;
 
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("path string")
+    }
+
     fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<path::PathBuf, E>
         where E: Error,
     {
@@ -875,7 +908,7 @@ impl Visitor for PathBufVisitor {
     fn visit_string<E>(self, v: String) -> Result<path::PathBuf, E>
         where E: Error,
     {
-        self.visit_str(&v)
+        Ok(From::from(v))
     }
 }
 
@@ -977,14 +1010,8 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
                 impl Visitor for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
-                    fn visit_usize<E>(self, value: usize) -> Result<Field, E>
-                        where E: Error,
-                    {
-                        match value {
-                            0usize => Ok(Field::Secs),
-                            1usize => Ok(Field::Nanos),
-                            _ => Err(Error::invalid_value("expected a field")),
-                        }
+                    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                        formatter.write_str("`secs` or `nanos`")
                     }
 
                     fn visit_str<E>(self, value: &str) -> Result<Field, E>
@@ -993,7 +1020,7 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
                         match value {
                             "secs" => Ok(Field::Secs),
                             "nanos" => Ok(Field::Nanos),
-                            _ => Err(Error::unknown_field(value)),
+                            _ => Err(Error::unknown_field(value, FIELDS)),
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -1005,7 +1032,7 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
                             b"nanos" => Ok(Field::Nanos),
                             _ => {
                                 let value = String::from_utf8_lossy(value);
-                                Err(Error::unknown_field(&value))
+                                Err(Error::unknown_field(&value, FIELDS))
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -1020,19 +1047,23 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
         impl Visitor for DurationVisitor {
             type Value = Duration;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("struct Duration")
+            }
+
             fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<Duration, V::Error>
                 where V: SeqVisitor,
             {
                 let secs: u64 = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
                     Some(value) => value,
                     None => {
-                        return Err(Error::invalid_length(0));
+                        return Err(Error::invalid_length(0, &self));
                     }
                 };
                 let nanos: u32 = match try!(visitor.visit()) {
                     Some(value) => value,
                     None => {
-                        return Err(Error::invalid_length(1));
+                        return Err(Error::invalid_length(1, &self));
                     }
                 };
                 Ok(Duration::new(secs, nanos))
@@ -1061,11 +1092,11 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
                 }
                 let secs = match secs {
                     Some(secs) => secs,
-                    None => try!(visitor.missing_field("secs")),
+                    None => return Err(<V::Error as Error>::missing_field("secs")),
                 };
                 let nanos = match nanos {
                     Some(nanos) => nanos,
-                    None => try!(visitor.missing_field("nanos")),
+                    None => return Err(<V::Error as Error>::missing_field("nanos")),
                 };
                 Ok(Duration::new(secs, nanos))
             }
@@ -1079,11 +1110,12 @@ impl Deserialize for Duration {
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
+#[allow(deprecated)] // num::Zero is deprecated but there is no replacement
 impl<T> Deserialize for NonZero<T> where T: Deserialize + PartialEq + Zeroable + Zero {
     fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<NonZero<T>, D::Error> where D: Deserializer {
         let value = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer));
         if value == Zero::zero() {
-            return Err(Error::invalid_value("expected a non-zero value"))
+            return Err(Error::custom("expected a non-zero value"))
         }
         unsafe {
             Ok(NonZero::new(value))
@@ -1112,23 +1144,15 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E> where T: Deserialize, E: Deserialize {
                 impl Visitor for FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = Field;
 
-                    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-                    fn visit_usize<E>(self, value: usize) -> Result<Field, E> where E: Error {
-                        #[cfg(feature = "collections")]
-                        use collections::string::ToString;
-                        match value {
-                            0 => Ok(Field::Ok),
-                            1 => Ok(Field::Err),
-                            _ => Err(Error::unknown_field(&value.to_string())),
-                        }
+                    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                        formatter.write_str("`Ok` or `Err`")
                     }
 
-                    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-                    fn visit_usize<E>(self, value: usize) -> Result<Field, E> where E: Error {
+                    fn visit_u32<E>(self, value: u32) -> Result<Field, E> where E: Error {
                         match value {
                             0 => Ok(Field::Ok),
                             1 => Ok(Field::Err),
-                            _ => Err(Error::unknown_field("some number")),
+                            _ => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Unsigned(value as u64), &self)),
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -1136,7 +1160,7 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E> where T: Deserialize, E: Deserialize {
                         match value {
                             "Ok" => Ok(Field::Ok),
                             "Err" => Ok(Field::Err),
-                            _ => Err(Error::unknown_field(value)),
+                            _ => Err(Error::unknown_variant(value, VARIANTS)),
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -1146,8 +1170,8 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E> where T: Deserialize, E: Deserialize {
                             b"Err" => Ok(Field::Err),
                             _ => {
                                 match str::from_utf8(value) {
-                                    Ok(value) => Err(Error::unknown_field(value)),
-                                    Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_type(Type::String)),
+                                    Ok(value) => Err(Error::unknown_variant(value, VARIANTS)),
+                                    Err(_) => Err(Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Bytes(value), &self)),
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -1166,6 +1190,10 @@ impl<T, E> Deserialize for Result<T, E> where T: Deserialize, E: Deserialize {
         {
             type Value = Result<T, E>;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("enum Result")
+            }
+
             fn visit_enum<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<Result<T, E>, V::Error>
                 where V: EnumVisitor
             {
@@ -1198,6 +1226,10 @@ impl Deserialize for IgnoredAny {
         impl Visitor for IgnoredAnyVisitor {
             type Value = IgnoredAny;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str("anything at all")
+            }
+
             #[inline]
             fn visit_bool<E>(self, _: bool) -> Result<IgnoredAny, E> {
                 Ok(IgnoredAny)

serde/src/de/private.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use de::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Error, Visitor};
+
+/// If the missing field is of type `Option<T>` then treat is as `None`,
+/// otherwise it is an error.
+pub fn missing_field<V, E>(field: &'static str) -> Result<V, E>
+    where V: Deserialize,
+          E: Error
+{
+    struct MissingFieldDeserializer<E>(&'static str, PhantomData<E>);
+
+    impl<E> Deserializer for MissingFieldDeserializer<E>
+        where E: Error
+    {
+        type Error = E;
+
+        fn deserialize<V>(self, _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
+            where V: Visitor
+        {
+            Err(Error::missing_field(self.0))
+        }
+
+        fn deserialize_option<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, E>
+            where V: Visitor
+        {
+            visitor.visit_none()
+        }
+
+        forward_to_deserialize! {
+            bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit seq
+            seq_fixed_size bytes byte_buf map unit_struct newtype_struct
+            tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        }
+    }
+
+    let deserializer = MissingFieldDeserializer(field, PhantomData);
+    Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)
+}

serde/src/de/value.rs

@@ -28,122 +28,69 @@ use collections::{
 };
 #[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
 use collections::borrow::Cow;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
+use collections::boxed::Box;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
+use collections::string::ToString;
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
-use collections::borrow::ToOwned;
-
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use core::hash::Hash;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::error;
 #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
 use error;
 
-use core::fmt;
+use core::fmt::{self, Display};
+use core::iter::{self,  Iterator};
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use de::{self, SeqVisitor};
+use de::{self, Expected, SeqVisitor};
 use bytes;
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /// This represents all the possible errors that can occur using the `ValueDeserializer`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub enum Error {
-    /// The value had some custom error.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    Custom(String),
-    /// The value had some custom error.
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    Custom(&'static str),
+pub struct Error(ErrorImpl);
 
-    /// The value had an incorrect type.
-    InvalidType(de::Type),
-
-    /// The value had an invalid length.
-    InvalidLength(usize),
-
-    /// The value is invalid and cannot be deserialized.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    InvalidValue(String),
-    /// The value is invalid and cannot be deserialized.
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    InvalidValue(&'static str),
-
-    /// EOF while deserializing a value.
-    EndOfStream,
-
-    /// Unknown variant in enum.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    UnknownVariant(String),
-    /// Unknown variant in enum.
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    UnknownVariant(&'static str),
-
-    /// Unknown field in struct.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    UnknownField(String),
-    /// Unknown field in struct.
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    UnknownField(&'static str),
-
-    /// Struct is missing a field.
-    MissingField(&'static str),
-}
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
+type ErrorImpl = Box<str>;
+#[cfg(not(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections")))]
+type ErrorImpl = ();
 
 impl de::Error for Error {
     #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    fn custom<T: Into<String>>(msg: T) -> Self { Error::Custom(msg.into()) }
+    fn custom<T: Display>(msg: T) -> Self {
+        Error(msg.to_string().into_boxed_str())
+    }
 
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    fn custom<T: Into<&'static str>>(msg: T) -> Self { Error::Custom(msg.into()) }
-
-    fn end_of_stream() -> Self { Error::EndOfStream }
-    fn invalid_type(ty: de::Type) -> Self { Error::InvalidType(ty) }
-
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    fn invalid_value(msg: &str) -> Self { Error::InvalidValue(msg.to_owned()) }
-
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    fn invalid_value(msg: &str) -> Self { Error::InvalidValue("invalid value") }
-
-    fn invalid_length(len: usize) -> Self { Error::InvalidLength(len) }
-
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    fn unknown_variant(variant: &str) -> Self { Error::UnknownVariant(String::from(variant)) }
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    fn unknown_field(field: &str) -> Self { Error::UnknownField(String::from(field)) }
-
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    fn unknown_variant(variant: &str) -> Self { Error::UnknownVariant("unknown variant") }
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    fn unknown_field(field: &str) -> Self { Error::UnknownField("unknown field") }
-    fn missing_field(field: &'static str) -> Self { Error::MissingField(field) }
+    #[cfg(not(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections")))]
+    fn custom<T: Display>(_msg: T) -> Self {
+        Error(())
+    }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for Error {
+impl Display for Error {
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
     fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        match *self {
-            Error::Custom(ref s) => write!(formatter, "{}", s),
-            Error::EndOfStream => formatter.write_str("End of stream"),
-            Error::InvalidType(ty) => write!(formatter, "Invalid type, expected `{:?}`", ty),
-            Error::InvalidValue(ref value) => write!(formatter, "Invalid value: {}", value),
-            Error::InvalidLength(len) => write!(formatter, "Invalid length: {}", len),
-            Error::UnknownVariant(ref variant) => {
-                write!(formatter, "Unknown variant: {}", variant)
-            }
-            Error::UnknownField(ref field) => write!(formatter, "Unknown field: {}", field),
-            Error::MissingField(field) => write!(formatter, "Missing field: {}", field),
-        }
+        formatter.write_str(&self.0)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections")))]
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        formatter.write_str("Serde deserialization error")
     }
 }
 
 impl error::Error for Error {
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
     fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        "Serde Deserialization Error"
+        &self.0
     }
 
-    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&error::Error> {
-        None
+    #[cfg(not(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections")))]
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        "Serde deserialization error"
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,9 +126,9 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for UnitDeserializer<E>
     type Error = E;
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit seq
+        seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct struct
+        struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
@@ -200,7 +147,7 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for UnitDeserializer<E>
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 macro_rules! primitive_deserializer {
-    ($ty:ty, $name:ident, $method:ident) => {
+    ($ty:ty, $name:ident, $method:ident $($cast:tt)*) => {
         /// A helper deserializer that deserializes a number.
         pub struct $name<E>($ty, PhantomData<E>);
 
@@ -220,16 +167,15 @@ macro_rules! primitive_deserializer {
             type Error = E;
 
             forward_to_deserialize! {
-                bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str
-                string unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct
-                newtype_struct tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum
-                ignored_any
+                bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit
+                option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
+                tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
             }
 
             fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
                 where V: de::Visitor,
             {
-                visitor.$method(self.0)
+                visitor.$method(self.0 $($cast)*)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -240,12 +186,12 @@ primitive_deserializer!(i8, I8Deserializer, visit_i8);
 primitive_deserializer!(i16, I16Deserializer, visit_i16);
 primitive_deserializer!(i32, I32Deserializer, visit_i32);
 primitive_deserializer!(i64, I64Deserializer, visit_i64);
-primitive_deserializer!(isize, IsizeDeserializer, visit_isize);
+primitive_deserializer!(isize, IsizeDeserializer, visit_i64 as i64);
 primitive_deserializer!(u8, U8Deserializer, visit_u8);
 primitive_deserializer!(u16, U16Deserializer, visit_u16);
 primitive_deserializer!(u32, U32Deserializer, visit_u32);
 primitive_deserializer!(u64, U64Deserializer, visit_u64);
-primitive_deserializer!(usize, UsizeDeserializer, visit_usize);
+primitive_deserializer!(usize, UsizeDeserializer, visit_u64 as u64);
 primitive_deserializer!(f32, F32Deserializer, visit_f32);
 primitive_deserializer!(f64, F64Deserializer, visit_f64);
 primitive_deserializer!(char, CharDeserializer, visit_char);
@@ -286,9 +232,9 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
@@ -298,10 +244,10 @@ impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for StrDeserializer<'a, E>
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
-    fn visit_variant<T>(self) -> Result<(T, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        de::Deserialize::deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
+        seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
 }
 
@@ -344,9 +290,9 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for StringDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
@@ -357,10 +303,10 @@ impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for StringDeserializer<E>
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
-    fn visit_variant<T>(self) -> Result<(T, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        de::Deserialize::deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
+        seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
 }
 
@@ -406,9 +352,9 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
@@ -419,10 +365,10 @@ impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
     type Error = E;
     type Variant = private::UnitOnly<E>;
 
-    fn visit_variant<T>(self) -> Result<(T, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_variant_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<(T::Value, Self::Variant), Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        de::Deserialize::deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
+        seed.deserialize(self).map(private::unit_only)
     }
 }
 
@@ -430,22 +376,37 @@ impl<'a, E> de::EnumVisitor for CowStrDeserializer<'a, E>
 
 /// A helper deserializer that deserializes a sequence.
 pub struct SeqDeserializer<I, E> {
-    iter: I,
-    len: usize,
+    iter: iter::Fuse<I>,
+    count: usize,
     marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
 impl<I, E> SeqDeserializer<I, E>
-    where E: de::Error,
+    where I: Iterator,
+          E: de::Error,
 {
     /// Construct a new `SeqDeserializer<I>`.
-    pub fn new(iter: I, len: usize) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(iter: I) -> Self {
         SeqDeserializer {
-            iter: iter,
-            len: len,
+            iter: iter.fuse(),
+            count: 0,
             marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
+
+    fn end(&mut self) -> Result<(), E> {
+        let mut remaining = 0;
+        while self.iter.next().is_some() {
+            remaining += 1;
+        }
+        if remaining == 0 {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            // First argument is the number of elements in the data, second
+            // argument is the number of elements expected by the Deserialize.
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(self.count + remaining, &ExpectedInSeq(self.count)))
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<I, T, E> de::Deserializer for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
@@ -459,17 +420,14 @@ impl<I, T, E> de::Deserializer for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
         where V: de::Visitor,
     {
         let v = try!(visitor.visit_seq(&mut self));
-        if self.len == 0 {
-            Ok(v)
-        } else {
-            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(self.len))
-        }
+        try!(self.end());
+        Ok(v)
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
@@ -480,20 +438,32 @@ impl<I, T, E> de::SeqVisitor for SeqDeserializer<I, E>
 {
     type Error = E;
 
-    fn visit<V>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<V>, Self::Error>
-        where V: de::Deserialize
+    fn visit_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<Option<V::Value>, Self::Error>
+        where V: de::DeserializeSeed
     {
         match self.iter.next() {
             Some(value) => {
-                self.len -= 1;
-                de::Deserialize::deserialize(value.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
+                self.count += 1;
+                seed.deserialize(value.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
             }
             None => Ok(None),
         }
     }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-        (self.len, Some(self.len))
+        self.iter.size_hint()
+    }
+}
+
+struct ExpectedInSeq(usize);
+
+impl Expected for ExpectedInSeq {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        if self.0 == 1 {
+            write!(formatter, "1 element in sequence")
+        } else {
+            write!(formatter, "{} elements in sequence", self.0)
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -507,8 +477,7 @@ impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for Vec<T>
     type Deserializer = SeqDeserializer<vec::IntoIter<T>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
-        let len = self.len();
-        SeqDeserializer::new(self.into_iter(), len)
+        SeqDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
     }
 }
 
@@ -520,8 +489,7 @@ impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for BTreeSet<T>
     type Deserializer = SeqDeserializer<btree_set::IntoIter<T>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
-        let len = self.len();
-        SeqDeserializer::new(self.into_iter(), len)
+        SeqDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
     }
 }
 
@@ -533,8 +501,7 @@ impl<T, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for HashSet<T>
     type Deserializer = SeqDeserializer<hash_set::IntoIter<T>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
-        let len = self.len();
-        SeqDeserializer::new(self.into_iter(), len)
+        SeqDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
     }
 }
 
@@ -570,75 +537,75 @@ impl<V_, E> de::Deserializer for SeqVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /// A helper deserializer that deserializes a map.
-pub struct MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
-    where I: Iterator<Item=(K, V)>,
-          K: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+pub struct MapDeserializer<I, E>
+    where I: Iterator,
+          I::Item: private::Pair,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
-    iter: I,
-    value: Option<V>,
-    len: Option<usize>,
+    iter: iter::Fuse<I>,
+    value: Option<<I::Item as private::Pair>::Second>,
+    count: usize,
     marker: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<I, K, V, E> MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
-    where I: Iterator<Item=(K, V)>,
-          K: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<I, E> MapDeserializer<I, E>
+    where I: Iterator,
+          I::Item: private::Pair,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
-    /// Construct a new `MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>` with a specific length.
-    pub fn new(iter: I, len: usize) -> Self {
+    /// Construct a new `MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>`.
+    pub fn new(iter: I) -> Self {
         MapDeserializer {
-            iter: iter,
+            iter: iter.fuse(),
             value: None,
-            len: Some(len),
+            count: 0,
             marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Construct a new `MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>` that is not bounded
-    /// by a specific length and that delegates to `iter` for its size hint.
-    pub fn unbounded(iter: I) -> Self {
-        MapDeserializer {
-            iter: iter,
-            value: None,
-            len: None,
-            marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<(K, V)> {
-        self.iter.next().map(|(k, v)| {
-            if let Some(len) = self.len.as_mut() {
-                *len -= 1;
+    fn next_pair(&mut self) -> Option<(<I::Item as private::Pair>::First, <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second)> {
+        match self.iter.next() {
+            Some(kv) => {
+                self.count += 1;
+                Some(private::Pair::split(kv))
             }
-            (k, v)
-        })
+            None => None,
+        }
     }
 
     fn end(&mut self) -> Result<(), E> {
-        match self.len {
-            Some(len) if len > 0 => Err(de::Error::invalid_length(len)),
-            _ => Ok(())
+        let mut remaining = 0;
+        while self.iter.next().is_some() {
+            remaining += 1;
+        }
+        if remaining == 0 {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            // First argument is the number of elements in the data, second
+            // argument is the number of elements expected by the Deserialize.
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(self.count + remaining, &ExpectedInMap(self.count)))
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, K, V, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
-    where I: Iterator<Item=(K, V)>,
-          K: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<I, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, E>
+    where I: Iterator,
+          I::Item: private::Pair,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
     type Error = E;
@@ -659,67 +626,58 @@ impl<I, K, V, E> de::Deserializer for MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
         Ok(value)
     }
 
-    fn deserialize_seq_fixed_size<V_>(mut self, len: usize, visitor: V_) -> Result<V_::Value, Self::Error>
+    fn deserialize_seq_fixed_size<V_>(self, _len: usize, visitor: V_) -> Result<V_::Value, Self::Error>
         where V_: de::Visitor,
     {
-        match self.len {
-            Some(map_len) if map_len != len => Err(de::Error::invalid_length(len)),
-            _ => {
-                let value = try!(visitor.visit_seq(&mut self));
-                try!(self.end());
-                Ok(value)
-            }
-        }
+        self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct struct
-        struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct struct struct_field
+        tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, K, V, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
-    where I: Iterator<Item=(K, V)>,
-          K: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<I, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
+    where I: Iterator,
+          I::Item: private::Pair,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
     type Error = E;
 
-    fn visit_key<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_key_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        match self.next() {
+        match self.next_pair() {
             Some((key, value)) => {
                 self.value = Some(value);
-                de::Deserialize::deserialize(key.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(key.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
             }
             None => Ok(None),
         }
     }
 
-    fn visit_value<T>(&mut self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_value_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        match self.value.take() {
-            Some(value) => {
-                de::Deserialize::deserialize(value.into_deserializer())
-            }
-            None => {
-                Err(de::Error::end_of_stream())
-            }
-        }
+        let value = self.value.take();
+        // Panic because this indicates a bug in the program rather than an
+        // expected failure.
+        let value = value.expect("MapVisitor::visit_value called before visit_key");
+        seed.deserialize(value.into_deserializer())
     }
 
-    fn visit<TK, TV>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<(TK, TV)>, Self::Error>
-        where TK: de::Deserialize,
-              TV: de::Deserialize
+    fn visit_seed<TK, TV>(&mut self, kseed: TK, vseed: TV) -> Result<Option<(TK::Value, TV::Value)>, Self::Error>
+        where TK: de::DeserializeSeed,
+              TV: de::DeserializeSeed
     {
-        match self.next() {
+        match self.next_pair() {
             Some((key, value)) => {
-                let key = try!(de::Deserialize::deserialize(key.into_deserializer()));
-                let value = try!(de::Deserialize::deserialize(value.into_deserializer()));
+                let key = try!(kseed.deserialize(key.into_deserializer()));
+                let value = try!(vseed.deserialize(value.into_deserializer()));
                 Ok(Some((key, value)))
             }
             None => Ok(None)
@@ -727,34 +685,33 @@ impl<I, K, V, E> de::MapVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
     }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-        self.len.map_or_else(
-            || self.iter.size_hint(),
-            |len| (len, Some(len)))
+        self.iter.size_hint()
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, K, V, E> de::SeqVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, K, V, E>
-    where I: Iterator<Item=(K, V)>,
-          K: ValueDeserializer<E>,
-          V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+impl<I, E> de::SeqVisitor for MapDeserializer<I, E>
+    where I: Iterator,
+          I::Item: private::Pair,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::First: ValueDeserializer<E>,
+          <I::Item as private::Pair>::Second: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
     type Error = E;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        match self.next() {
+        match self.next_pair() {
             Some((k, v)) => {
                 let de = PairDeserializer(k, v, PhantomData);
-                de::Deserialize::deserialize(de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(de).map(Some)
             }
             None => Ok(None),
         }
     }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
-        de::MapVisitor::size_hint(self)
+        self.iter.size_hint()
     }
 }
 
@@ -770,9 +727,9 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
     type Error = E;
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct struct
-        struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct struct struct_field
+        tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
@@ -789,7 +746,10 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
         if pair_visitor.1.is_none() {
             Ok(pair)
         } else {
-            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(pair_visitor.size_hint().0))
+            let remaining = pair_visitor.size_hint().0;
+            // First argument is the number of elements in the data, second
+            // argument is the number of elements expected by the Deserialize.
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(2, &ExpectedInSeq(2 - remaining)))
         }
     }
 
@@ -799,7 +759,9 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::Deserializer for PairDeserializer<A, B, E>
         if len == 2 {
             self.deserialize_seq(visitor)
         } else {
-            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(len))
+            // First argument is the number of elements in the data, second
+            // argument is the number of elements expected by the Deserialize.
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_length(2, &ExpectedInSeq(len)))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -813,13 +775,13 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::SeqVisitor for PairVisitor<A, B, E>
 {
     type Error = E;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Self::Error>
-        where T: de::Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Self::Error>
+        where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
     {
         if let Some(k) = self.0.take() {
-            de::Deserialize::deserialize(k.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
+            seed.deserialize(k.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
         } else if let Some(v) = self.1.take() {
-            de::Deserialize::deserialize(v.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
+            seed.deserialize(v.into_deserializer()).map(Some)
         } else {
             Ok(None)
         }
@@ -837,6 +799,18 @@ impl<A, B, E> de::SeqVisitor for PairVisitor<A, B, E>
     }
 }
 
+struct ExpectedInMap(usize);
+
+impl Expected for ExpectedInMap {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        if self.0 == 1 {
+            write!(formatter, "1 element in map")
+        } else {
+            write!(formatter, "{} elements in map", self.0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
@@ -845,11 +819,10 @@ impl<K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for BTreeMap<K, V>
           V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
-    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<btree_map::IntoIter<K, V>, K, V, E>;
+    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<btree_map::IntoIter<K, V>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
-        let len = self.len();
-        MapDeserializer::new(self.into_iter(), len)
+        MapDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
     }
 }
 
@@ -859,11 +832,10 @@ impl<K, V, E> ValueDeserializer<E> for HashMap<K, V>
           V: ValueDeserializer<E>,
           E: de::Error,
 {
-    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<hash_map::IntoIter<K, V>, K, V, E>;
+    type Deserializer = MapDeserializer<hash_map::IntoIter<K, V>, E>;
 
     fn into_deserializer(self) -> Self::Deserializer {
-        let len = self.len();
-        MapDeserializer::new(self.into_iter(), len)
+        MapDeserializer::new(self.into_iter())
     }
 }
 
@@ -899,9 +871,9 @@ impl<V_, E> de::Deserializer for MapVisitorDeserializer<V_, E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
@@ -932,9 +904,9 @@ impl<'a, E> de::Deserializer for BytesDeserializer<'a, E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
@@ -968,16 +940,16 @@ impl<E> de::Deserializer for ByteBufDeserializer<E>
     }
 
     forward_to_deserialize! {
-        bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-        unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
-        tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+        bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+        seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct tuple_struct
+        struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any byte_buf
     }
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 mod private {
-    use de;
+    use de::{self, Unexpected};
     use core::marker::PhantomData;
 
     pub struct UnitOnly<E>(PhantomData<E>);
@@ -995,26 +967,40 @@ mod private {
             Ok(())
         }
 
-        fn visit_newtype<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
-            where T: de::Deserialize,
+        fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, _seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
+            where T: de::DeserializeSeed,
         {
-            Err(de::Error::invalid_type(de::Type::NewtypeVariant))
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"newtype variant"))
         }
 
         fn visit_tuple<V>(self,
-                        _len: usize,
-                        _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+                          _len: usize,
+                          _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
             where V: de::Visitor
         {
-            Err(de::Error::invalid_type(de::Type::TupleVariant))
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"tuple variant"))
         }
 
         fn visit_struct<V>(self,
-                        _fields: &'static [&'static str],
-                        _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+                           _fields: &'static [&'static str],
+                           _visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
             where V: de::Visitor
         {
-            Err(de::Error::invalid_type(de::Type::StructVariant))
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_type(Unexpected::UnitVariant, &"struct variant"))
         }
     }
+
+    /// Avoid having to restate the generic types on `MapDeserializer`. The
+    /// `Iterator::Item` contains enough information to figure out K and V.
+    pub trait Pair {
+        type First;
+        type Second;
+        fn split(self) -> (Self::First, Self::Second);
+    }
+
+    impl<A, B> Pair for (A, B) {
+        type First = A;
+        type Second = B;
+        fn split(self) -> (A, B) { self }
+    }
 }

serde/src/error.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,7 @@
 //! A stand-in for `std::error`
-use core::any::TypeId;
 use core::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 
-
 /// A stand-in for `std::error::Error`, which requires no allocation.
-#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
-pub trait Error: Debug + Display + ::core::marker::Reflect {
-    /// A short description of the error.
-    ///
-    /// The description should not contain newlines or sentence-ending
-    /// punctuation, to facilitate embedding in larger user-facing
-    /// strings.
-    fn description(&self) -> &str;
-
-    /// The lower-level cause of this error, if any.
-    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&Error> { None }
-
-    /// Get the `TypeId` of `self`
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId where Self: 'static {
-        TypeId::of::<Self>()
-    }
-}
-
-/// A stand-in for `std::error::Error`, which requires no allocation.
-#[cfg(not(feature = "unstable"))]
 pub trait Error: Debug + Display {
     /// A short description of the error.
     ///
@@ -35,10 +12,4 @@ pub trait Error: Debug + Display {
 
     /// The lower-level cause of this error, if any.
     fn cause(&self) -> Option<&Error> { None }
-
-    /// Stubbed! Returns type_id of `()`
-    #[doc(hidden)]
-    fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId where Self: 'static {
-        TypeId::of::<()>()
-    }
 }

serde/src/export.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
+use collections::String;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
+use collections::borrow::Cow;
+
+pub use core::default::Default;
+pub use core::fmt;
+pub use core::marker::PhantomData;
+pub use core::result::Result;
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "collections", feature = "std"))]
+pub fn from_utf8_lossy(bytes: &[u8]) -> Cow<str> {
+    String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes)
+}
+
+// The generated code calls this like:
+//
+//     let value = &_serde::export::from_utf8_lossy(bytes);
+//     Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_variant(value, VARIANTS))
+//
+// so it is okay for the return type to be different from the std case as long
+// as the above works.
+#[cfg(not(any(feature = "collections", feature = "std")))]
+pub fn from_utf8_lossy(bytes: &[u8]) -> &str {
+    use core::str;
+    // Three unicode replacement characters if it fails. They look like a
+    // white-on-black question mark. The user will recognize it as invalid
+    // UTF-8.
+    str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap_or("\u{fffd}\u{fffd}\u{fffd}")
+}

serde/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,58 +1,107 @@
-//! Serde Serialization Framework
+//! # Serde
 //!
-//! Serde is a powerful framework that enables serialization libraries to generically serialize
-//! Rust data structures without the overhead of runtime type information. In many situations, the
-//! handshake protocol between serializers and serializees can be completely optimized away,
-//! leaving serde to perform roughly the same speed as a hand written serializer for a specific
-//! type.
+//! Serde is a framework for ***ser***ializing and ***de***serializing Rust data
+//! structures efficiently and generically.
 //!
-//! For a detailed tutorial on the different ways to use serde please check out the
-//! [github repository](https://github.com/serde-rs/serde)
+//! The Serde ecosystem consists of data structures that know how to serialize
+//! and deserialize themselves along with data formats that know how to
+//! serialize and deserialize other things. Serde provides the layer by which
+//! these two groups interact with each other, allowing any supported data
+//! structure to be serialized and deserialized using any supported data format.
+//!
+//! See the Serde website https://serde.rs/ for additional documentation and
+//! usage examples.
+//!
+//! ### Design
+//!
+//! Where many other languages rely on runtime reflection for serializing data,
+//! Serde is instead built on Rust's powerful trait system. A data structure
+//! that knows how to serialize and deserialize itself is one that implements
+//! Serde's `Serialize` and `Deserialize` traits (or uses Serde's code
+//! generation to automatically derive implementations at compile time). This
+//! avoids any overhead of reflection or runtime type information. In fact in
+//! many situations the interaction between data structure and data format can
+//! be completely optimized away by the Rust compiler, leaving Serde
+//! serialization to perform roughly the same speed as a handwritten serializer
+//! for the specific selection of data structure and data format.
+//!
+//! ### Data formats
+//!
+//! The following is a partial list of data formats that have been implemented
+//! for Serde by the community.
+//!
+//! - [JSON](https://github.com/serde-rs/json), the ubiquitous JavaScript Object
+//!   Notation used by many HTTP APIs.
+//! - [Bincode](https://github.com/TyOverby/bincode), a compact binary format
+//!   used for IPC within the Servo rendering engine.
+//! - [CBOR](https://github.com/pyfisch/cbor), a Concise Binary Object
+//!   Representation designed for small message size without the need for
+//!   version negotiation.
+//! - [YAML](https://github.com/dtolnay/serde-yaml), a popular human-friendly
+//!   configuration language that ain't markup language.
+//! - [MessagePack](https://github.com/3Hren/msgpack-rust), an efficient binary
+//!   format that resembles a compact JSON.
+//! - [TOML](https://github.com/alexcrichton/toml-rs), a minimal configuration
+//!   format used by [Cargo](http://doc.crates.io/manifest.html).
+//! - [Pickle](https://github.com/birkenfeld/serde-pickle), a format common in
+//!   the Python world.
+//! - [Hjson](https://github.com/laktak/hjson-rust), a variant of JSON designed
+//!   to be readable and writable by humans.
+//! - [BSON](https://github.com/zonyitoo/bson-rs), the data storage and network
+//!   transfer format used by MongoDB.
+//! - [URL](https://github.com/nox/serde_urlencoded), the x-www-form-urlencoded
+//!   format.
+//! - [XML](https://github.com/serde-rs/xml), the flexible machine-friendly W3C
+//!   standard. *(deserialization only)*
+//! - [Envy](https://github.com/softprops/envy), a way to deserialize
+//!   environment variables into Rust structs. *(deserialization only)*
+//! - [Redis](https://github.com/OneSignal/serde-redis), deserialize values from
+//!   Redis when using [redis-rs](https://crates.io/crates/redis).
+//!   *(deserialization only)*
 
 #![doc(html_root_url="https://docs.serde.rs")]
 #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
-#![cfg_attr(feature = "unstable", feature(reflect_marker, unicode, nonzero, plugin, step_trait, zero_one))]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "unstable", feature(nonzero, inclusive_range, zero_one))]
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "alloc", feature(alloc))]
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "collections", feature(collections, enumset))]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "clippy", feature(plugin))]
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "clippy", plugin(clippy))]
-#![cfg_attr(feature = "clippy", allow(linkedlist))]
-
-#![cfg_attr(any(not(feature = "std"), feature = "unstable"), allow(unused_variables, unused_imports, unused_features, dead_code))]
-
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "clippy", allow(linkedlist, type_complexity))]
 #![deny(missing_docs)]
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 extern crate collections;
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "alloc"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 extern crate alloc;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
+extern crate core as actual_core;
+
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 mod core {
     pub use std::{ops, hash, fmt, cmp, marker, mem, i8, i16, i32, i64, u8, u16, u32, u64, isize,
-            usize, f32, f64, char, str, num, slice, iter, cell};
+            usize, f32, f64, char, str, num, slice, iter, cell, default, result};
     #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
-    extern crate core;
-    #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
-    pub use self::core::nonzero;
+    pub use actual_core::nonzero;
 }
 
 pub use ser::{Serialize, Serializer};
 pub use de::{Deserialize, Deserializer};
 
-#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
-macro_rules! format {
-    ($s:expr, $($rest:tt)*) => ($s)
-}
-
 #[macro_use]
 mod macros;
 
 pub mod bytes;
 pub mod de;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[doc(hidden)]
 pub mod iter;
 pub mod ser;
-#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "std", doc(hidden))]
 pub mod error;
 mod utils;
+
+// Generated code uses these to support no_std. Not public API.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod export;

serde/src/macros.rs

@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
     (bool) => {
         forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_bool()}
     };
-    (usize) => {
-        forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_usize()}
-    };
     (u8) => {
         forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_u8()}
     };
@@ -47,9 +44,6 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
     (u64) => {
         forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_u64()}
     };
-    (isize) => {
-        forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_isize()}
-    };
     (i8) => {
         forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_i8()}
     };
@@ -92,6 +86,9 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
     (bytes) => {
         forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_bytes()}
     };
+    (byte_buf) => {
+        forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_byte_buf()}
+    };
     (map) => {
         forward_to_deserialize_method!{deserialize_map()}
     };
@@ -121,28 +118,70 @@ macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize_helper {
     };
 }
 
-/// Helper to forward `Deserializer` methods to `Deserializer::deserialize`.
-/// Every given method ignores all arguments and forwards to `deserialize`.
-/// Note that `deserialize_enum` simply returns an `Error::invalid_type`; a
-/// better approach is tracked in [serde-rs/serde#521][1].
+// Super explicit first paragraph because this shows up at the top level and
+// trips up people who are just looking for basic Serialize / Deserialize
+// documentation.
+//
+/// Helper macro when implementing the `Deserializer` part of a new data format
+/// for Serde.
 ///
-/// ```rust,ignore
+/// Some `Deserializer` implementations for self-describing formats do not care
+/// what hint the `Visitor` gives them, they just want to blindly call the
+/// `Visitor` method corresponding to the data they can tell is in the input.
+/// This requires repetitive implementations of all the `Deserializer` trait
+/// methods.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde;
+/// # use serde::de::{value, Deserializer, Visitor};
+/// # pub struct MyDeserializer;
+/// # impl Deserializer for MyDeserializer {
+/// #     type Error = value::Error;
+/// #     fn deserialize<V>(self, _: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+/// #         where V: Visitor
+/// #     { unimplemented!() }
+/// #
+/// #[inline]
+/// fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
+///     where V: Visitor
+/// {
+///     self.deserialize(visitor)
+/// }
+/// #     forward_to_deserialize! {
+/// #         u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+/// #         seq seq_fixed_size bytes byte_buf map unit_struct newtype_struct
+/// #         tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
+/// #     }
+/// # }
+/// # fn main() {}
+/// ```
+///
+/// The `forward_to_deserialize!` macro implements these simple forwarding
+/// methods so that they forward directly to `Deserializer::deserialize`. You
+/// can choose which methods to forward.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde;
+/// # use serde::de::{value, Deserializer, Visitor};
+/// # pub struct MyDeserializer;
 /// impl Deserializer for MyDeserializer {
+/// #   type Error = value::Error;
 ///     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
 ///         where V: Visitor
 ///     {
 ///         /* ... */
+/// #       let _ = visitor;
+/// #       unimplemented!()
 ///     }
 ///
 ///     forward_to_deserialize! {
-///         bool usize u8 u16 u32 u64 isize i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string
-///         unit option seq seq_fixed_size bytes map unit_struct newtype_struct
+///         bool u8 u16 u32 u64 i8 i16 i32 i64 f32 f64 char str string unit option
+///         seq seq_fixed_size bytes byte_buf map unit_struct newtype_struct
 ///         tuple_struct struct struct_field tuple enum ignored_any
 ///     }
 /// }
+/// # fn main() {}
 /// ```
-///
-/// [1]: https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/521
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! forward_to_deserialize {
     ($($func:ident)*) => {

serde/src/ser/impls.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-//! Implementations for all of Rust's builtin types. Tuples implement the `Serialize` trait if they
-//! have at most 16 fields. Arrays implement the `Serialize` trait if their length is 32 or less.
-//! You can always forward array serialization to slice serialization, which works for any length.
-//! Long tuples are best replaced by tuple structs, for which you can use `derive(Serialize)`. In
-//! that case the number of fields is irrelevant.
-
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 #[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
@@ -30,19 +24,18 @@ use collections::{
     Vec,
 };
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 use collections::enum_set::{CLike, EnumSet};
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 use collections::borrow::ToOwned;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use core::hash::{Hash, BuildHasher};
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 use core::iter;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::net;
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
-use core::num;
-#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 use core::ops;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::path;
@@ -67,14 +60,13 @@ use core::marker::PhantomData;
 use core::nonzero::{NonZero, Zeroable};
 
 use super::{
-    Error,
     Serialize,
-    SerializeMap,
     SerializeSeq,
-    SerializeStruct,
     SerializeTuple,
     Serializer,
 };
+#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "unstable"))]
+use super::Error;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 use super::Iterator;
@@ -82,25 +74,25 @@ use super::Iterator;
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 macro_rules! impl_visit {
-    ($ty:ty, $method:ident) => {
+    ($ty:ty, $method:ident $($cast:tt)*) => {
         impl Serialize for $ty {
             #[inline]
             fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
                 where S: Serializer,
             {
-                serializer.$method(*self)
+                serializer.$method(*self $($cast)*)
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl_visit!(bool, serialize_bool);
-impl_visit!(isize, serialize_isize);
+impl_visit!(isize, serialize_i64 as i64);
 impl_visit!(i8, serialize_i8);
 impl_visit!(i16, serialize_i16);
 impl_visit!(i32, serialize_i32);
 impl_visit!(i64, serialize_i64);
-impl_visit!(usize, serialize_usize);
+impl_visit!(usize, serialize_u64 as u64);
 impl_visit!(u8, serialize_u8);
 impl_visit!(u16, serialize_u16);
 impl_visit!(u32, serialize_u32);
@@ -241,7 +233,7 @@ impl<'a, I> Serialize for Iterator<I>
         // FIXME: use specialization to prevent invalidating the object in case of clonable iterators?
         let iter = match self.0.borrow_mut().take() {
             Some(iter) => iter.into_iter(),
-            None => return Err(S::Error::custom("Iterator used twice")),
+            None => return Err(Error::custom("Iterator used twice")),
         };
         let size = match iter.size_hint() {
             (lo, Some(hi)) if lo == hi => Some(lo),
@@ -249,7 +241,7 @@ impl<'a, I> Serialize for Iterator<I>
         };
         let mut seq = try!(serializer.serialize_seq(size));
         for e in iter {
-            try!(seq.serialize_element(e));
+            try!(seq.serialize_element(&e));
         }
         seq.end()
     }
@@ -265,7 +257,7 @@ macro_rules! serialize_seq {
         {
             let mut seq = try!(serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len())));
             for e in self {
-                try!(seq.serialize_element(e));
+                try!(seq.serialize_element(&e));
             }
             seq.end()
         }
@@ -286,7 +278,7 @@ impl<T> Serialize for BTreeSet<T>
     serialize_seq!();
 }
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", feature = "collections"))]
+#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
 impl<T> Serialize for EnumSet<T>
     where T: Serialize + CLike
 {
@@ -324,17 +316,33 @@ impl<T> Serialize for VecDeque<T>
 
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 impl<A> Serialize for ops::Range<A>
-    where A: Serialize + Clone + iter::Step + num::One,
-          for<'a> &'a A: ops::Add<&'a A, Output = A>,
+    where ops::Range<A>: ExactSizeIterator + iter::Iterator<Item = A> + Clone,
+          A: Serialize,
 {
     #[inline]
     fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
         where S: Serializer,
     {
-        let len = iter::Step::steps_between(&self.start, &self.end, &A::one());
-        let mut seq = try!(serializer.serialize_seq(len));
+        let mut seq = try!(serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len())));
         for e in self.clone() {
-            try!(seq.serialize_element(e));
+            try!(seq.serialize_element(&e));
+        }
+        seq.end()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
+impl<A> Serialize for ops::RangeInclusive<A>
+    where ops::RangeInclusive<A>: ExactSizeIterator + iter::Iterator<Item = A> + Clone,
+          A: Serialize,
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+        where S: Serializer,
+    {
+        let mut seq = try!(serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len())));
+        for e in self.clone() {
+            try!(seq.serialize_element(&e));
         }
         seq.end()
     }
@@ -557,6 +565,7 @@ macro_rules! serialize_map {
         fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
             where S: Serializer,
         {
+            use super::SerializeMap;
             let mut map = try!(serializer.serialize_map(Some(self.len())));
             for (k, v) in self {
                 try!(map.serialize_key(k));
@@ -679,9 +688,10 @@ impl Serialize for Duration {
     fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
         where S: Serializer,
     {
+        use super::SerializeStruct;
         let mut state = try!(serializer.serialize_struct("Duration", 2));
-        try!(state.serialize_field("secs", self.as_secs()));
-        try!(state.serialize_field("nanos", self.subsec_nanos()));
+        try!(state.serialize_field("secs", &self.as_secs()));
+        try!(state.serialize_field("nanos", &self.subsec_nanos()));
         state.end()
     }
 }
@@ -756,7 +766,7 @@ impl Serialize for path::Path {
     {
         match self.to_str() {
             Some(s) => s.serialize(serializer),
-            None => Err(Error::invalid_value("Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters")),
+            None => Err(Error::custom("path contains invalid UTF-8 characters")),
         }
     }
 }

serde/src/ser/mod.rs

@@ -1,84 +1,248 @@
-//! Generic serialization framework.
-//! # For Developers who want to serialize objects
-//! Implement the `Serialize` trait for the type of objects you want to serialize. Call methods of
-//! the `serializer` object. For which methods to call and how to do so, look at the documentation
-//! of the `Serializer` trait.
+//! Generic data structure serialization framework.
 //!
-//! # For Serialization Format Developers
-//! Implement the `Serializer` trait for a structure that contains fields that enable it to write
-//! the serialization result to your target. When a method's argument is an object of type
-//! `Serialize`, you can either forward the serializer object (`self`) or create a new one,
-//! depending on the quirks of your format.
+//! The two most important traits in this module are `Serialize` and
+//! `Serializer`.
+//!
+//!  - **A type that implements `Serialize` is a data structure** that can be
+//!    serialized to any data format supported by Serde, and conversely
+//!  - **A type that implements `Serializer` is a data format** that can
+//!    serialize any data structure supported by Serde.
+//!
+//! # The Serialize trait
+//!
+//! Serde provides `Serialize` implementations for many Rust primitive and
+//! standard library types. The complete list is below. All of these can be
+//! serialized using Serde out of the box.
+//!
+//! Additionally, Serde provides a procedural macro called `serde_derive` to
+//! automatically generate `Serialize` implementations for structs and enums in
+//! your program. See the [codegen section of the manual][codegen] for how to
+//! use this.
+//!
+//! In rare cases it may be necessary to implement `Serialize` manually for some
+//! type in your program. See the [Implementing `Serialize`][impl-serialize]
+//! section of the manual for more about this.
+//!
+//! Third-party crates may provide `Serialize` implementations for types that
+//! they expose. For example the `linked-hash-map` crate provides a
+//! `LinkedHashMap<K, V>` type that is serializable by Serde because the crate
+//! provides an implementation of `Serialize` for it.
+//!
+//! # The Serializer trait
+//!
+//! `Serializer` implementations are provided by third-party crates, for example
+//! [`serde_json`][serde_json], [`serde_yaml`][serde_yaml] and
+//! [`bincode`][bincode].
+//!
+//! A partial list of well-maintained formats is given on the [Serde
+//! website][data-formats].
+//!
+//! # Implementations of Serialize provided by Serde
+//!
+//!  - **Primitive types**:
+//!    - bool
+//!    - isize, i8, i16, i32, i64
+//!    - usize, u8, u16, u32, u64
+//!    - f32, f64
+//!    - char
+//!    - str
+//!    - &T and &mut T
+//!  - **Compound types**:
+//!    - [T]
+//!    - [T; 0] through [T; 32]
+//!    - tuples up to size 16
+//!  - **Common standard library types**:
+//!    - String
+//!    - Option\<T\>
+//!    - Result\<T, E\>
+//!    - PhantomData\<T\>
+//!  - **Wrapper types**:
+//!    - Box\<T\>
+//!    - Rc\<T\>
+//!    - Arc\<T\>
+//!    - Cow\<'a, T\>
+//!  - **Collection types**:
+//!    - BTreeMap\<K, V\>
+//!    - BTreeSet\<T\>
+//!    - BinaryHeap\<T\>
+//!    - HashMap\<K, V, H\>
+//!    - HashSet\<T, H\>
+//!    - LinkedList\<T\>
+//!    - VecDeque\<T\>
+//!    - Vec\<T\>
+//!    - EnumSet\<T\> (unstable)
+//!    - Range\<T\> (unstable)
+//!    - RangeInclusive\<T\> (unstable)
+//!  - **Miscellaneous standard library types**:
+//!    - Duration
+//!    - Path
+//!    - PathBuf
+//!    - NonZero\<T\> (unstable)
+//!  - **Net types**:
+//!    - IpAddr
+//!    - Ipv4Addr
+//!    - Ipv6Addr
+//!    - SocketAddr
+//!    - SocketAddrV4
+//!    - SocketAddrV6
+//!
+//! [codegen]: https://serde.rs/codegen.html
+//! [impl-serialize]: https://serde.rs/impl-serialize.html
+//! [serde_json]: https://github.com/serde-rs/json
+//! [serde_yaml]: https://github.com/dtolnay/serde-yaml
+//! [bincode]: https://github.com/TyOverby/bincode
+//! [data-formats]: https://serde.rs/#data-formats
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::error;
 #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
 use error;
 
-#[cfg(all(feature = "collections", not(feature = "std")))]
-use collections::String;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
-use core::marker::PhantomData;
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 use core::cell::RefCell;
 
-pub mod impls;
+use core::fmt::Display;
+
+mod impls;
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/// `Error` is a trait that allows a `Serialize` to generically create a
-/// `Serializer` error.
+/// Trait used by `Serialize` implementations to generically construct errors
+/// belonging to the `Serializer` against which they are currently running.
 pub trait Error: Sized + error::Error {
-    /// Raised when there is a general error when serializing a type.
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
-    fn custom<T: Into<String>>(msg: T) -> Self;
-
-    /// Raised when there is a general error when serializing a type.
-    #[cfg(all(not(feature = "std"), not(feature = "collections")))]
-    fn custom<T: Into<&'static str>>(msg: T) -> Self;
-
-    /// Raised when a `Serialize` was passed an incorrect value.
-    fn invalid_value(msg: &str) -> Self {
-        Error::custom(format!("invalid value: {}", msg))
-    }
+    /// Raised when a `Serialize` implementation encounters a general error
+    /// while serializing a type.
+    ///
+    /// The message should not be capitalized and should not end with a period.
+    ///
+    /// For example, a filesystem `Path` may refuse to serialize itself if it
+    /// contains invalid UTF-8 data.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use serde::ser::{Serialize, Serializer, Error};
+    /// # struct Path;
+    /// # impl Path { fn to_str(&self) -> Option<&str> { unimplemented!() } }
+    /// impl Serialize for Path {
+    ///     fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    ///         where S: Serializer
+    ///     {
+    ///         match self.to_str() {
+    ///             Some(s) => s.serialize(serializer),
+    ///             None => Err(Error::custom("path contains invalid UTF-8 characters")),
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    fn custom<T: Display>(msg: T) -> Self;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/// A trait that describes a type that can be serialized by a `Serializer`.
+/// An implementation of this trait is a **data structure** that can be
+/// serialized into any data format supported by Serde.
+///
+/// Serde provides `Serialize` implementations for many Rust primitive and
+/// standard library types. The complete list is [here][ser]. All of these can
+/// be serialized using Serde out of the box.
+///
+/// Additionally, Serde provides a procedural macro called `serde_derive` to
+/// automatically generate `Serialize` implementations for structs and enums in
+/// your program. See the [codegen section of the manual][codegen] for how to
+/// use this.
+///
+/// In rare cases it may be necessary to implement `Serialize` manually for some
+/// type in your program. See the [Implementing `Serialize`][impl-serialize]
+/// section of the manual for more about this.
+///
+/// Third-party crates may provide `Serialize` implementations for types that
+/// they expose. For example the `linked-hash-map` crate provides a
+/// `LinkedHashMap<K, V>` type that is serializable by Serde because the crate
+/// provides an implementation of `Serialize` for it.
+///
+/// [ser]: https://docs.serde.rs/serde/ser/index.html
+/// [codegen]: https://serde.rs/codegen.html
+/// [impl-serialize]: https://serde.rs/impl-serialize.html
 pub trait Serialize {
-    /// Serializes this value into this serializer.
+    /// Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.
+    ///
+    /// See the [Implementing `Serialize`][impl-serialize] section of the manual
+    /// for more information about how to implement this method.
+    ///
+    /// [impl-serialize]: https://serde.rs/impl-serialize.html
     fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
         where S: Serializer;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/// A trait that describes a type that can serialize a stream of values into the underlying format.
+/// An implementation of this trait is a **data format** that can serialize any
+/// data structure supported by Serde.
 ///
-/// # For `Serialize` Developers
-/// Non-aggregate types like integers and strings can be serialized directly by calling the
-/// appropriate function. For Aggregate types there's an initial `serialize_T` method that yields
-/// a State object that you should not interact with. For each part of the aggregate there's a
-/// `serialize_T_elt` method that allows you to pass values or key/value pairs. The types of the
-/// values or the keys may change between calls, but the serialization format may not necessarily
-/// accept it. The `serialize_T_elt` method also takes a mutable reference to the state object.
-/// Make sure that you always use the same state object and only the state object that was returned
-/// by the `serialize_T` method. Finally, when your object is done, call the `serialize_T_end`
-/// method and pass the state object by value
+/// The role of this trait is to define the serialization half of the Serde data
+/// model, which is a way to categorize every Rust data structure into one of 28
+/// possible types. Each method of the `Serializer` trait corresponds to one of
+/// the types of the data model.
 ///
-/// # For Serialization Format Developers
-/// If your format has different situations where it accepts different types, create a
-/// `Serializer` for each situation. You can create the sub-`Serializer` in one of the aggregate
-/// `serialize_T` methods and return it as a state object. Remember to also set the corresponding
-/// associated type `TState`. In the `serialize_T_elt` methods you will be given a mutable
-/// reference to that state. You do not need to do any additional checks for the correctness of the
-/// state object, as it is expected that the user will not modify it. Due to the generic nature
-/// of the `Serialize` impls, modifying the object is impossible on stable Rust.
+/// Implementations of `Serialize` map themselves into this data model by
+/// invoking exactly one of the `Serializer` methods.
+///
+/// The types that make up the Serde data model are:
+///
+///  - 12 primitive types:
+///    - bool
+///    - i8, i16, i32, i64
+///    - u8, u16, u32, u64
+///    - f32, f64
+///    - char
+///  - string
+///  - byte array - [u8]
+///  - option
+///    - either none or some value
+///  - unit
+///    - unit is the type of () in Rust
+///  - unit_struct
+///    - for example `struct Unit` or `PhantomData<T>`
+///  - unit_variant
+///    - the `E::A` and `E::B` in `enum E { A, B }`
+///  - newtype_struct
+///    - for example `struct Millimeters(u8)`
+///  - newtype_variant
+///    - the `E::N` in `enum E { N(u8) }`
+///  - seq
+///    - a dynamically sized sequence of values, for example `Vec<T>` or
+///      `HashSet<T>`
+///  - seq_fixed_size
+///    - a statically sized sequence of values for which the size will be known
+///      at deserialization time without looking at the serialized data, for
+///      example `[u64; 10]`
+///  - tuple
+///    - for example `(u8,)` or `(String, u64, Vec<T>)`
+///  - tuple_struct
+///    - for example `struct Rgb(u8, u8, u8)`
+///  - tuple_variant
+///    - the `E::T` in `enum E { T(u8, u8) }`
+///  - map
+///    - for example `BTreeMap<K, V>`
+///  - struct
+///    - a key-value pairing in which the keys will be known at deserialization
+///      time without looking at the serialized data, for example `struct S { r:
+///      u8, g: u8, b: u8 }`
+///  - struct_variant
+///    - the `E::S` in `enum E { S { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 } }`
+///
+/// Many Serde serializers produce text or binary data as output, for example
+/// JSON or Bincode. This is not a requirement of the `Serializer` trait, and
+/// there are serializers that do not produce text or binary output. One example
+/// is the `serde_json::value::Serializer` (distinct from the main `serde_json`
+/// serializer) that produces a `serde_json::Value` data structure in memory as
+/// output.
 pub trait Serializer {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `Serializer` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// The output type produced by this `Serializer` during successful
+    /// serialization. Most serializers that produce text or binary output
+    /// should set `Ok = ()` and serialize into an `io::Write` or buffer
+    /// contained within the `Serializer` instance. Serializers that build
+    /// in-memory data structures may be simplified by using `Ok` to propagate
+    /// the data structure around.
     type Ok;
 
     /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
@@ -112,75 +276,85 @@ pub trait Serializer {
     /// content of the struct variant.
     type SerializeStructVariant: SerializeStructVariant<Ok=Self::Ok, Error=Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `bool` value.
+    /// Serialize a `bool` value.
     fn serialize_bool(self, v: bool) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes an `isize` value. If the format does not differentiate
-    /// between `isize` and `i64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast
-    /// the value to `i64` and forward to `serialize_i64`.
-    fn serialize_isize(self, v: isize) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
-
-    /// Serializes an `i8` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `i8` and `i64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `i64` and forward to `serialize_i64`.
+    /// Serialize an `i8` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `i8` and `i64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `i64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_i64`.
     fn serialize_i8(self, v: i8) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes an `i16` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `i16` and `i64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `i64` and forward to `serialize_i64`.
+    /// Serialize an `i16` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `i16` and `i64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `i64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_i64`.
     fn serialize_i16(self, v: i16) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes an `i32` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `i32` and `i64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `i64` and forward to `serialize_i64`.
+    /// Serialize an `i32` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `i32` and `i64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `i64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_i64`.
     fn serialize_i32(self, v: i32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes an `i64` value.
+    /// Serialize an `i64` value.
     fn serialize_i64(self, v: i64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `usize` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `usize` and `u64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the
-    /// value to `u64` and forward to `serialize_u64`.
-    fn serialize_usize(self, v: usize) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
-
-    /// Serializes a `u8` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `u8` and `u64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `u64` and forward to `serialize_u64`.
+    /// Serialize a `u8` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `u8` and `u64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `u64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_u64`.
     fn serialize_u8(self, v: u8) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `u16` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `u16` and `u64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `u64` and forward to `serialize_u64`.
+    /// Serialize a `u16` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `u16` and `u64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `u64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_u64`.
     fn serialize_u16(self, v: u16) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `u32` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `u32` and `u64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `u64` and forward to `serialize_u64`.
+    /// Serialize a `u32` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `u32` and `u64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `u64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_u64`.
     fn serialize_u32(self, v: u32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// `Serializes a `u64` value.
+    /// Serialize a `u64` value.
     fn serialize_u64(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes an `f32` value. If the format does not differentiate between
-    /// `f32` and `f64`, a reasonable implementation would be to cast the value
-    /// to `f64` and forward to `serialize_f64`.
+    /// Serialize an `f32` value.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not differentiate between `f32` and `f64`, a
+    /// reasonable implementation would be to cast the value to `f64` and
+    /// forward to `serialize_f64`.
     fn serialize_f32(self, v: f32) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes an `f64` value.
+    /// Serialize an `f64` value.
     fn serialize_f64(self, v: f64) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a character. If the format does not support characters,
-    /// it is reasonable to serialize it as a single element `str` or a `u32`.
+    /// Serialize a character.
+    ///
+    /// If the format does not support characters, it is reasonable to serialize
+    /// it as a single element `str` or a `u32`.
     fn serialize_char(self, v: char) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `&str`.
+    /// Serialize a `&str`.
     fn serialize_str(self, value: &str) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
+    /// Serialize a chunk of raw byte data.
+    ///
     /// Enables serializers to serialize byte slices more compactly or more
     /// efficiently than other types of slices. If no efficient implementation
     /// is available, a reasonable implementation would be to forward to
-    /// `serialize_seq`. If forwarded, the implementation looks usually just like this:
-    /// ```rust
+    /// `serialize_seq`. If forwarded, the implementation looks usually just
+    /// like this:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
     /// let mut seq = self.serialize_seq(Some(value.len()))?;
     /// for b in value {
     ///     seq.serialize_element(b)?;
@@ -189,19 +363,40 @@ pub trait Serializer {
     /// ```
     fn serialize_bytes(self, value: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `()` value. It's reasonable to just not serialize anything.
+    /// Serialize a `None` value.
+    fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Serialize a `Some(T)` value.
+    fn serialize_some<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(
+        self,
+        value: &T,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Serialize a `()` value.
     fn serialize_unit(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a unit struct value. A reasonable implementation would be to
-    /// forward to `serialize_unit`.
+    /// Serialize a unit struct like `struct Unit` or `PhantomData<T>`.
+    ///
+    /// A reasonable implementation would be to forward to `serialize_unit`.
     fn serialize_unit_struct(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a unit variant, otherwise known as a variant with no
-    /// arguments. A reasonable implementation would be to forward to
-    /// `serialize_unit`.
+    /// Serialize a unit variant like `E::A` in `enum E { A, B }`.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of
+    /// this variant within the enum, and the `variant` is the name of the
+    /// variant.
+    ///
+    /// A reasonable implementation would be to forward to `serialize_unit`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// match *self {
+    ///     E::A => serializer.serialize_unit_variant("E", 0, "A"),
+    ///     E::B => serializer.serialize_unit_variant("E", 1, "B"),
+    /// }
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_unit_variant(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
@@ -209,74 +404,130 @@ pub trait Serializer {
         variant: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Allows a tuple struct with a single element, also known as a newtype
-    /// struct, to be more efficiently serialized than a tuple struct with
-    /// multiple items. A reasonable implementation would be to forward to
-    /// `serialize_tuple_struct` or to just serialize the inner value without wrapping.
-    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T: Serialize>(
+    /// Serialize a newtype struct like `struct Millimeters(u8)`.
+    ///
+    /// Serializers are encouraged to treat newtype structs as insignificant
+    /// wrappers around the data they contain. A reasonable implementation would
+    /// be to forward to `value.serialize(self)`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// serializer.serialize_newtype_struct("Millimeters", &self.0)
+    /// ```
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
-        value: T,
+        value: &T,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Allows a variant with a single item to be more efficiently serialized
-    /// than a variant with multiple items. A reasonable implementation would be
-    /// to forward to `serialize_tuple_variant`.
-    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T: Serialize>(
+    /// Serialize a newtype variant like `E::N` in `enum E { N(u8) }`.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of
+    /// this variant within the enum, and the `variant` is the name of the
+    /// variant. The `value` is the data contained within this newtype variant.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// match *self {
+    ///     E::N(ref n) => serializer.serialize_newtype_variant("E", 0, "N", n),
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
         variant_index: usize,
         variant: &'static str,
-        value: T,
+        value: &T,
     ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Serializes a `None` value.
-    fn serialize_none(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
-
-    /// Serializes a `Some(...)` value.
-    fn serialize_some<T: Serialize>(
-        self,
-        value: T,
-    ) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
-
-    /// Begins to serialize a sequence. This call must be followed by zero or
-    /// more calls to `serialize_seq_elt`, then a call to `serialize_seq_end`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a dynamically sized sequence. This call must be
+    /// followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_element`, then a call to
+    /// `end`.
+    ///
+    /// The argument is the number of elements in the sequence, which may or may
+    /// not be computable before the sequence is iterated. Some serializers only
+    /// support sequences whose length is known up front.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len()))?;
+    /// for element in self {
+    ///     seq.serialize_element(element)?;
+    /// }
+    /// seq.end()
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_seq(
         self,
         len: Option<usize>,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a sequence whose length will be known at
-    /// deserialization time. This call must be followed by zero or more calls
-    /// to `serialize_seq_elt`, then a call to `serialize_seq_end`. A reasonable
-    /// implementation would be to forward to `serialize_seq`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a statically sized sequence whose length will be
+    /// known at deserialization time without looking at the serialized data.
+    /// This call must be followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_element`,
+    /// then a call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq_fixed_size(self.len())?;
+    /// for element in self {
+    ///     seq.serialize_element(element)?;
+    /// }
+    /// seq.end()
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_seq_fixed_size(
         self,
         size: usize,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeSeq, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a tuple. This call must be followed by zero or more
-    /// calls to `serialize_tuple_elt`, then a call to `serialize_tuple_end`. A
-    /// reasonable implementation would be to forward to `serialize_seq`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a tuple. This call must be followed by zero or more
+    /// calls to `serialize_field`, then a call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// let mut tup = serializer.serialize_tuple(3)?;
+    /// tup.serialize_field(&self.0)?;
+    /// tup.serialize_field(&self.1)?;
+    /// tup.serialize_field(&self.2)?;
+    /// tup.end()
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_tuple(
         self,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTuple, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a tuple struct. This call must be followed by zero
-    /// or more calls to `serialize_tuple_struct_elt`, then a call to
-    /// `serialize_tuple_struct_end`. A reasonable implementation would be to
-    /// forward to `serialize_tuple`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a tuple struct like `struct Rgb(u8, u8, u8)`. This
+    /// call must be followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_field`, then a
+    /// call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` is the name of the tuple struct and the `len` is the number
+    /// of data fields that will be serialized.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// let mut ts = serializer.serialize_tuple_struct("Rgb", 3)?;
+    /// ts.serialize_field(&self.0)?;
+    /// ts.serialize_field(&self.1)?;
+    /// ts.serialize_field(&self.2)?;
+    /// ts.end()
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_tuple_struct(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleStruct, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a tuple variant. This call must be followed by zero
-    /// or more calls to `serialize_tuple_variant_elt`, then a call to
-    /// `serialize_tuple_variant_end`. A reasonable implementation would be to
-    /// forward to `serialize_tuple_struct`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a tuple variant like `E::T` in `enum E { T(u8, u8)
+    /// }`. This call must be followed by zero or more calls to
+    /// `serialize_field`, then a call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of
+    /// this variant within the enum, the `variant` is the name of the variant,
+    /// and the `len` is the number of data fields that will be serialized.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// match *self {
+    ///     E::T(ref a, ref b) => {
+    ///         let mut tv = serializer.serialize_tuple_variant("E", 0, "T", 2)?;
+    ///         tv.serialize_field(a)?;
+    ///         tv.serialize_field(b)?;
+    ///         tv.end()
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_tuple_variant(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
@@ -285,25 +536,65 @@ pub trait Serializer {
         len: usize,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeTupleVariant, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a map. This call must be followed by zero or more
-    /// calls to `serialize_map_key` and `serialize_map_value`, then a call to
-    /// `serialize_map_end`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a map. This call must be followed by zero or more
+    /// calls to `serialize_key` and `serialize_value`, then a call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// The argument is the number of elements in the map, which may or may not
+    /// be computable before the map is iterated. Some serializers only support
+    /// maps whose length is known up front.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(self.len()))?;
+    /// for (k, v) in self {
+    ///     map.serialize_key(k)?;
+    ///     map.serialize_value(v)?;
+    /// }
+    /// map.end()
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_map(
         self,
         len: Option<usize>,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeMap, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a struct. This call must be followed by zero or more
-    /// calls to `serialize_struct_elt`, then a call to `serialize_struct_end`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a struct like `struct Rgb { r: u8, g: u8, b: u8 }`.
+    /// This call must be followed by zero or more calls to `serialize_field`,
+    /// then a call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` is the name of the struct and the `len` is the number of
+    /// data fields that will be serialized.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// let mut struc = serializer.serialize_struct("Rgb", 3)?;
+    /// struc.serialize_field("r", &self.r)?;
+    /// struc.serialize_field("g", &self.g)?;
+    /// struc.serialize_field("b", &self.b)?;
+    /// struc.end()
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_struct(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Result<Self::SerializeStruct, Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Begins to serialize a struct variant. This call must be followed by zero
-    /// or more calls to `serialize_struct_variant_elt`, then a call to
-    /// `serialize_struct_variant_end`.
+    /// Begin to serialize a struct variant like `E::S` in `enum E { S { r: u8,
+    /// g: u8, b: u8 } }`. This call must be followed by zero or more calls to
+    /// `serialize_field`, then a call to `end`.
+    ///
+    /// The `name` is the name of the enum, the `variant_index` is the index of
+    /// this variant within the enum, the `variant` is the name of the variant,
+    /// and the `len` is the number of data fields that will be serialized.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// match *self {
+    ///     E::S { ref r, ref g, ref b } => {
+    ///         let mut sv = serializer.serialize_struct_variant("E", 0, "S", 3)?;
+    ///         sv.serialize_field("r", r)?;
+    ///         sv.serialize_field("g", g)?;
+    ///         sv.serialize_field("b", b)?;
+    ///         sv.end()
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
     fn serialize_struct_variant(
         self,
         name: &'static str,
@@ -315,130 +606,188 @@ pub trait Serializer {
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_seq` and
 /// `Serializer::serialize_seq_fixed_size`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// let mut seq = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.len()))?;
+/// for element in self {
+///     seq.serialize_element(element)?;
+/// }
+/// seq.end()
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeSeq {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeSeq` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
-    /// Serializes a sequence element.
-    fn serialize_element<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    /// Serialize a sequence element.
+    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a sequence.
+    /// Finish serializing a sequence.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_tuple`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// let mut tup = serializer.serialize_tuple(3)?;
+/// tup.serialize_field(&self.0)?;
+/// tup.serialize_field(&self.1)?;
+/// tup.serialize_field(&self.2)?;
+/// tup.end()
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeTuple {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeTuple` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
-    /// Serializes a tuple element.
-    fn serialize_element<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    /// Serialize a tuple element.
+    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a tuple.
+    /// Finish serializing a tuple.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_tuple_struct`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// let mut ts = serializer.serialize_tuple_struct("Rgb", 3)?;
+/// ts.serialize_field(&self.0)?;
+/// ts.serialize_field(&self.1)?;
+/// ts.serialize_field(&self.2)?;
+/// ts.end()
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeTupleStruct {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeTupleStruct` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
-    /// Serializes a tuple struct element.
-    fn serialize_field<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    /// Serialize a tuple struct field.
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a tuple struct.
+    /// Finish serializing a tuple struct.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_tuple_variant`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// match *self {
+///     E::T(ref a, ref b) => {
+///         let mut tv = serializer.serialize_tuple_variant("E", 0, "T", 2)?;
+///         tv.serialize_field(a)?;
+///         tv.serialize_field(b)?;
+///         tv.end()
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeTupleVariant {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeTupleVariant` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
-    /// Serializes a tuple variant element.
-    fn serialize_field<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    /// Serialize a tuple variant field.
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a tuple variant.
+    /// Finish serializing a tuple variant.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_map`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// let mut map = serializer.serialize_map(Some(self.len()))?;
+/// for (k, v) in self {
+///     map.serialize_key(k)?;
+///     map.serialize_value(v)?;
+/// }
+/// map.end()
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeMap {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeMap` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
     /// Serialize a map key.
-    fn serialize_key<T: Serialize>(&mut self, key: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    fn serialize_key<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, key: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
     /// Serialize a map value.
-    fn serialize_value<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    fn serialize_value<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a map.
+    /// Finish serializing a map.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_struct`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// let mut struc = serializer.serialize_struct("Rgb", 3)?;
+/// struc.serialize_field("r", &self.r)?;
+/// struc.serialize_field("g", &self.g)?;
+/// struc.serialize_field("b", &self.b)?;
+/// struc.end()
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeStruct {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeStruct` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
-    /// Serializes a struct field.
-    fn serialize_field<V: Serialize>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: V) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    /// Serialize a struct field.
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a struct.
+    /// Finish serializing a struct.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Returned from `Serializer::serialize_struct_variant`.
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// match *self {
+///     E::S { ref r, ref g, ref b } => {
+///         let mut sv = serializer.serialize_struct_variant("E", 0, "S", 3)?;
+///         sv.serialize_field("r", r)?;
+///         sv.serialize_field("g", g)?;
+///         sv.serialize_field("b", b)?;
+///         sv.end()
+///     }
+/// }
+/// ```
 pub trait SerializeStructVariant {
-    /// Trickery to enforce correct use of the `Serialize` trait. Every
-    /// `SerializeStructVariant` should set `Ok = ()`.
+    /// Must match the `Ok` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Ok;
 
-    /// The error type when some error occurs during serialization.
+    /// Must match the `Error` type of our `Serializer`.
     type Error: Error;
 
-    /// Serialize a struct variant element.
-    fn serialize_field<V: Serialize>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: V) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+    /// Serialize a struct variant field.
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized + Serialize>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
-    /// Finishes serializing a struct variant.
+    /// Finish serializing a struct variant.
     fn end(self) -> Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>;
 }
 
-/// A wrapper type for iterators that implements `Serialize` for iterators whose items implement
-/// `Serialize`. Don't use multiple times. Create new versions of this with the `iterator` function
-/// every time you want to serialize an iterator.
+/// A wrapper type for iterators that implements `Serialize` for iterators whose
+/// items implement `Serialize`. Don't use multiple times. Create new versions
+/// of this with the `serde::ser::iterator` function every time you want to
+/// serialize an iterator.
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 pub struct Iterator<I>(RefCell<Option<I>>)
     where <I as IntoIterator>::Item: Serialize,
           I: IntoIterator;
 
-/// Creates a temporary type that can be passed to any function expecting a `Serialize` and will
-/// serialize the given iterator as a sequence
+/// Create a wrapper type that can be passed to any function expecting a
+/// `Serialize` and will serialize the given iterator as a sequence.
 #[cfg(feature = "unstable")]
 pub fn iterator<I>(iter: I) -> Iterator<I>
     where <I as IntoIterator>::Item: Serialize,

serde_codegen/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "serde_codegen"
-version = "0.9.0-rc1"
+version = "0.9.0"
 authors = ["Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>"]
 license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 description = "Macros to auto-generate implementations for the serde framework"
@@ -27,3 +27,6 @@ serde_codegen_internals = { version = "=0.11.3", default-features = false, path
 syn = { version = "0.10", features = ["aster", "visit"] }
 syntex = { version = "^0.54.0", optional = true }
 syntex_syntax = { version = "^0.54.0", optional = true }
+
+[badges]
+travis-ci = { repository = "serde-rs/serde" }

serde_codegen/src/de.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use syn::{self, aster, Ident};
-use quote::Tokens;
+use quote::{self, Tokens};
 
 use bound;
 use internals::ast::{Body, Field, Item, Style, Variant};
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn expand_derive_deserialize(item: &syn::MacroInput) -> Result<Tokens, Strin
             extern crate serde as _serde;
             #[automatically_derived]
             impl #impl_generics _serde::Deserialize for #ty #where_clause {
-                fn deserialize<__D>(deserializer: __D) -> ::std::result::Result<#ty, __D::Error>
+                fn deserialize<__D>(deserializer: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<#ty, __D::Error>
                     where __D: _serde::Deserializer
                 #body
             }
@@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ fn deserialize_visitor(generics: &syn::Generics) -> (Tokens, Tokens, Tokens) {
         let phantom_types = generics.lifetimes.iter()
             .map(|lifetime_def| {
                 let lifetime = &lifetime_def.lifetime;
-                quote!(::std::marker::PhantomData<& #lifetime ()>)
+                quote!(_serde::export::PhantomData<& #lifetime ()>)
             }).chain(generics.ty_params.iter()
                 .map(|ty_param| {
                     let ident = &ty_param.ident;
-                    quote!(::std::marker::PhantomData<#ident>)
+                    quote!(_serde::export::PhantomData<#ident>)
                 }));
 
         let all_params = generics.lifetimes.iter()
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ fn deserialize_visitor(generics: &syn::Generics) -> (Tokens, Tokens, Tokens) {
             Some(quote!(::<#(#ty_param_idents),*>))
         };
 
-        let phantom_exprs = iter::repeat(quote!(::std::marker::PhantomData)).take(num_phantoms);
+        let phantom_exprs = iter::repeat(quote!(_serde::export::PhantomData)).take(num_phantoms);
 
         (
             quote! {
@@ -200,21 +200,27 @@ fn deserialize_unit_struct(
 ) -> Tokens {
     let type_name = item_attrs.name().deserialize_name();
 
+    let expecting = format!("unit struct {}", type_ident);
+
     quote!({
         struct __Visitor;
 
         impl _serde::de::Visitor for __Visitor {
             type Value = #type_ident;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str(#expecting)
+            }
+
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_unit<__E>(self) -> ::std::result::Result<#type_ident, __E>
+            fn visit_unit<__E>(self) -> _serde::export::Result<#type_ident, __E>
                 where __E: _serde::de::Error,
             {
                 Ok(#type_ident)
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_seq<__V>(self, _: __V) -> ::std::result::Result<#type_ident, __V::Error>
+            fn visit_seq<__V>(self, _: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<#type_ident, __V::Error>
                 where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor,
             {
                 Ok(#type_ident)
@@ -242,6 +248,10 @@ fn deserialize_tuple(
         Some(variant_ident) => quote!(#type_ident::#variant_ident),
         None => quote!(#type_ident),
     };
+    let expecting = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => format!("tuple variant {}::{}", type_ident, variant_ident),
+        None => format!("tuple struct {}", type_ident),
+    };
 
     let nfields = fields.len();
 
@@ -287,10 +297,14 @@ fn deserialize_tuple(
         impl #impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor for #visitor_ty #where_clause {
             type Value = #ty;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str(#expecting)
+            }
+
             #visit_newtype_struct
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_seq<__V>(self, #visitor_var: __V) -> ::std::result::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
+            fn visit_seq<__V>(self, #visitor_var: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
                 where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor
             {
                 #visit_seq
@@ -310,6 +324,11 @@ fn deserialize_seq(
 ) -> Tokens {
     let vars = (0..fields.len()).map(field_i as fn(_) -> _);
 
+    let deserialized_count = fields.iter()
+        .filter(|field| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .count();
+    let expecting = format!("tuple of {} elements", deserialized_count);
+
     let mut index_in_seq = 0usize;
     let let_values = vars.clone().zip(fields)
         .map(|(var, field)| {
@@ -338,7 +357,7 @@ fn deserialize_seq(
                     let #var = match #visit {
                         Some(value) => { value },
                         None => {
-                            return Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_length(#index_in_seq));
+                            return Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_length(#index_in_seq, &#expecting));
                         }
                     };
                 };
@@ -389,7 +408,7 @@ fn deserialize_newtype_struct(
     };
     quote! {
         #[inline]
-        fn visit_newtype_struct<__E>(self, __e: __E) -> ::std::result::Result<Self::Value, __E::Error>
+        fn visit_newtype_struct<__E>(self, __e: __E) -> _serde::export::Result<Self::Value, __E::Error>
             where __E: _serde::Deserializer,
         {
             Ok(#type_path(#value))
@@ -413,6 +432,10 @@ fn deserialize_struct(
         Some(variant_ident) => quote!(#type_ident::#variant_ident),
         None => quote!(#type_ident),
     };
+    let expecting = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => format!("struct variant {}::{}", type_ident, variant_ident),
+        None => format!("struct {}", type_ident),
+    };
 
     let visit_seq = deserialize_seq(
         type_ident,
@@ -457,15 +480,19 @@ fn deserialize_struct(
         impl #impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor for #visitor_ty #where_clause {
             type Value = #ty;
 
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str(#expecting)
+            }
+
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_seq<__V>(self, #visitor_var: __V) -> ::std::result::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
+            fn visit_seq<__V>(self, #visitor_var: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
                 where __V: _serde::de::SeqVisitor
             {
                 #visit_seq
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn visit_map<__V>(self, mut visitor: __V) -> ::std::result::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
+            fn visit_map<__V>(self, mut visitor: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
                 where __V: _serde::de::MapVisitor
             {
                 #visit_map
@@ -489,24 +516,27 @@ fn deserialize_item_enum(
 
     let type_name = item_attrs.name().deserialize_name();
 
-    let variant_names_idents = variants.iter()
+    let expecting = format!("enum {}", type_ident);
+
+    let variant_names_idents: Vec<_> = variants.iter()
         .enumerate()
         .filter(|&(_, variant)| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing())
         .map(|(i, variant)| (variant.attrs.name().deserialize_name(), field_i(i)))
         .collect();
 
+    let variants_stmt = {
+        let variant_names = variant_names_idents.iter().map(|&(ref name, _)| name);
+        quote! {
+            const VARIANTS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#variant_names),* ];
+        }
+    };
+
     let variant_visitor = deserialize_field_visitor(
         variant_names_idents,
         item_attrs,
         true,
     );
 
-    let variant_names = variants.iter().map(|variant| variant.attrs.name().deserialize_name());
-
-    let variants_stmt = quote! {
-        const VARIANTS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#variant_names),* ];
-    };
-
     // Match arms to extract a variant from a string
     let variant_arms = variants.iter()
         .enumerate()
@@ -555,7 +585,11 @@ fn deserialize_item_enum(
         impl #impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor for #visitor_ty #where_clause {
             type Value = #ty;
 
-            fn visit_enum<__V>(self, visitor: __V) -> ::std::result::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
+            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
+                formatter.write_str(#expecting)
+            }
+
+            fn visit_enum<__V>(self, visitor: __V) -> _serde::export::Result<#ty, __V::Error>
                 where __V: _serde::de::EnumVisitor,
             {
                 #match_variant
@@ -648,7 +682,8 @@ fn deserialize_field_visitor(
     item_attrs: &attr::Item,
     is_variant: bool,
 ) -> Tokens {
-    let field_names = fields.iter().map(|&(ref name, _)| name);
+    let field_strs = fields.iter().map(|&(ref name, _)| name);
+    let field_bytes = fields.iter().map(|&(ref name, _)| quote::ByteStr(name));
     let field_idents: &Vec<_> = &fields.iter().map(|&(_, ref ident)| ident).collect();
 
     let ignore_variant = if is_variant || item_attrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
@@ -657,13 +692,34 @@ fn deserialize_field_visitor(
         Some(quote!(__ignore,))
     };
 
+    let visit_index = if is_variant {
+        let variant_indices = 0u32..;
+        let fallthrough_msg = format!("variant index 0 <= i < {}", fields.len());
+        Some(quote! {
+            fn visit_u32<__E>(self, value: u32) -> _serde::export::Result<__Field, __E>
+                where __E: _serde::de::Error
+            {
+                match value {
+                    #(
+                        #variant_indices => Ok(__Field::#field_idents),
+                    )*
+                    _ => Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_value(
+                                _serde::de::Unexpected::Unsigned(value as u64),
+                                &#fallthrough_msg))
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
     let fallthrough_arm = if is_variant {
         quote! {
-            Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_variant(value))
+            Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_variant(value, VARIANTS))
         }
     } else if item_attrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
         quote! {
-            Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_field(value))
+            Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_field(value, FIELDS))
         }
     } else {
         quote! {
@@ -671,6 +727,16 @@ fn deserialize_field_visitor(
         }
     };
 
+    let bytes_to_str = if is_variant || item_attrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
+        Some(quote! {
+            // TODO https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/issues/666
+            // update this to use str::from_utf8(value).unwrap_or("���") on no_std
+            let value = &_serde::export::from_utf8_lossy(value);
+        })
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
     quote! {
         #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
         enum __Field {
@@ -680,7 +746,7 @@ fn deserialize_field_visitor(
 
         impl _serde::Deserialize for __Field {
             #[inline]
-            fn deserialize<__D>(deserializer: __D) -> ::std::result::Result<__Field, __D::Error>
+            fn deserialize<__D>(deserializer: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<__Field, __D::Error>
                 where __D: _serde::Deserializer,
             {
                 struct __FieldVisitor;
@@ -688,16 +754,36 @@ fn deserialize_field_visitor(
                 impl _serde::de::Visitor for __FieldVisitor {
                     type Value = __Field;
 
-                    fn visit_str<__E>(self, value: &str) -> ::std::result::Result<__Field, __E>
+                    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut _serde::export::fmt::Formatter) -> _serde::export::fmt::Result {
+                        formatter.write_str("field name")
+                    }
+
+                    #visit_index
+
+                    fn visit_str<__E>(self, value: &str) -> _serde::export::Result<__Field, __E>
                         where __E: _serde::de::Error
                     {
                         match value {
                             #(
-                                #field_names => Ok(__Field::#field_idents),
+                                #field_strs => Ok(__Field::#field_idents),
                             )*
                             _ => #fallthrough_arm
                         }
                     }
+
+                    fn visit_bytes<__E>(self, value: &[u8]) -> _serde::export::Result<__Field, __E>
+                        where __E: _serde::de::Error
+                    {
+                        match value {
+                            #(
+                                #field_bytes => Ok(__Field::#field_idents),
+                            )*
+                            _ => {
+                                #bytes_to_str
+                                #fallthrough_arm
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
 
                 deserializer.deserialize_struct_field(__FieldVisitor)
@@ -713,12 +799,19 @@ fn deserialize_struct_visitor(
     fields: &[Field],
     item_attrs: &attr::Item,
 ) -> (Tokens, Tokens, Tokens) {
-    let field_names_idents = fields.iter()
+    let field_names_idents: Vec<_> = fields.iter()
         .enumerate()
         .filter(|&(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
         .map(|(i, field)| (field.attrs.name().deserialize_name(), field_i(i)))
         .collect();
 
+    let fields_stmt = {
+        let field_names = field_names_idents.iter().map(|&(ref name, _)| name);
+        quote! {
+            const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#field_names),* ];
+        }
+    };
+
     let field_visitor = deserialize_field_visitor(
         field_names_idents,
         item_attrs,
@@ -733,11 +826,6 @@ fn deserialize_struct_visitor(
         item_attrs,
     );
 
-    let field_names = fields.iter().map(|field| field.attrs.name().deserialize_name());
-    let fields_stmt = quote! {
-        const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#field_names),* ];
-    };
-
     (field_visitor, fields_stmt, visit_map)
 }
 
@@ -893,18 +981,18 @@ fn wrap_deserialize_with(
         quote! {
             struct __SerdeDeserializeWithStruct #impl_generics #where_clause {
                 value: #field_ty,
-                phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData<#phantom_ty>,
+                phantom: _serde::export::PhantomData<#phantom_ty>,
             }
         },
         quote! {
             impl #impl_generics _serde::Deserialize for #wrapper_ty #where_clause {
-                fn deserialize<__D>(__d: __D) -> ::std::result::Result<Self, __D::Error>
+                fn deserialize<__D>(__d: __D) -> _serde::export::Result<Self, __D::Error>
                     where __D: _serde::Deserializer
                 {
                     let value = try!(#deserialize_with(__d));
                     Ok(__SerdeDeserializeWithStruct {
                         value: value,
-                        phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData,
+                        phantom: _serde::export::PhantomData,
                     })
                 }
             }
@@ -916,7 +1004,7 @@ fn wrap_deserialize_with(
 fn expr_is_missing(attrs: &attr::Field) -> Tokens {
     match *attrs.default() {
         attr::FieldDefault::Default => {
-            return quote!(::std::default::Default::default());
+            return quote!(_serde::export::Default::default());
         }
         attr::FieldDefault::Path(ref path) => {
             return quote!(#path());
@@ -928,7 +1016,7 @@ fn expr_is_missing(attrs: &attr::Field) -> Tokens {
     match attrs.deserialize_with() {
         None => {
             quote! {
-                try!(visitor.missing_field(#name))
+                try!(_serde::de::private::missing_field(#name))
             }
         }
         Some(_) => {

serde_codegen/src/lib.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ extern crate serde_codegen_internals as internals;
 extern crate syntex;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "with-syntex")]
-#[macro_use]
 extern crate syntex_syntax as syntax;
 
 extern crate syn;

serde_codegen/src/ser.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn expand_derive_serialize(item: &syn::MacroInput) -> Result<Tokens, String>
             extern crate serde as _serde;
             #[automatically_derived]
             impl #impl_generics _serde::Serialize for #ty #where_clause {
-                fn serialize<__S>(&self, _serializer: __S) -> ::std::result::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+                fn serialize<__S>(&self, _serializer: __S) -> _serde::export::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
                     where __S: _serde::Serializer
                 {
                     #body
@@ -257,10 +257,10 @@ fn serialize_variant(
     let variant_name = variant.attrs.name().serialize_name();
 
     if variant.attrs.skip_serializing() {
-        let skipped_msg = format!("The enum variant {}::{} cannot be serialized",
+        let skipped_msg = format!("the enum variant {}::{} cannot be serialized",
                                 type_ident, variant_ident);
         let skipped_err = quote! {
-            Err(_serde::ser::Error::invalid_value(#skipped_msg))
+            Err(_serde::ser::Error::custom(#skipped_msg))
         };
         let fields_pat = match variant.style {
             Style::Unit => quote!(),
@@ -541,14 +541,14 @@ fn wrap_serialize_with(
         }
 
         impl #wrapper_generics _serde::Serialize for #wrapper_ty #where_clause {
-            fn serialize<__S>(&self, __s: __S) -> ::std::result::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+            fn serialize<__S>(&self, __s: __S) -> _serde::export::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
                 where __S: _serde::Serializer
             {
                 #path(self.value, __s)
             }
         }
 
-        __SerializeWith {
+        &__SerializeWith {
             value: #value,
             phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData::<#item_ty>,
         }

serde_codegen_internals/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,3 +16,6 @@ unstable-testing = ["clippy"]
 [dependencies]
 clippy = { version = "^0.*", optional = true }
 syn = "0.10"
+
+[badges]
+travis-ci = { repository = "serde-rs/serde" }

serde_derive/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "0.9.0-rc1"
+version = "0.9.0"
 authors = ["Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>"]
 license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 description = "Macros 1.1 implementation of #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]"
@@ -10,12 +10,15 @@ documentation = "https://serde.rs/codegen.html"
 keywords = ["serde", "serialization"]
 include = ["Cargo.toml", "src/**/*.rs"]
 
+[badges]
+travis-ci = { repository = "serde-rs/serde" }
+
 [lib]
 name = "serde_derive"
 proc-macro = true
 
 [dependencies.serde_codegen]
-version = "=0.9.0-rc1"
+version = "=0.9.0"
 path = "../serde_codegen"
 default-features = false
 features = ["with-syn"]
@@ -23,5 +26,5 @@ features = ["with-syn"]
 [dev-dependencies]
 compiletest_rs = "^0.2.0"
 fnv = "1.0"
-serde = { version = "0.9.0-rc1", path = "../serde" }
-serde_test = { version = "0.9.0-rc1", path = "../serde_test" }
+serde = { version = "0.9.0", path = "../serde" }
+serde_test = { version = "0.9.0", path = "../serde_test" }

serde_derive/no-std-tests/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "serde_derive_tests_no_std"
+version = "0.9.0"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+serde = { path = "../../serde", default-features = false }
+serde_derive = { path = ".." }

serde_derive/no-std-tests/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![no_std]
+
+extern crate libc;
+
+#[start]
+fn start(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+    0
+}
+
+#[lang = "eh_personality"]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern fn rust_eh_personality() {}
+
+#[lang = "eh_unwind_resume"]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern fn rust_eh_unwind_resume() {}
+
+#[lang = "panic_fmt"]
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern fn rust_begin_panic(_msg: core::fmt::Arguments,
+                               _file: &'static str,
+                               _line: u32) -> ! {
+    loop {}
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate serde_derive;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct Unit;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct Newtype(u8);
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct Tuple(u8, u8);
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct Struct { f: u8 }
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+enum Enum {
+    Unit,
+    Newtype(u8),
+    Tuple(u8, u8),
+    Struct { f: u8 },
+}

serde_test/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "serde_test"
-version = "0.9.0-rc1"
+version = "0.9.0"
 authors = ["Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>"]
 license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 description = "Token De/Serializer for testing De/Serialize implementations"
@@ -12,4 +12,7 @@ keywords = ["serde", "serialization"]
 include = ["Cargo.toml", "src/**/*.rs"]
 
 [dependencies]
-serde = { version = "0.9.0-rc1", path = "../serde" }
+serde = { version = "0.9.0", path = "../serde" }
+
+[badges]
+travis-ci = { repository = "serde-rs/serde" }

serde_test/src/de.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::iter;
 use serde::de::{
     self,
     Deserialize,
+    DeserializeSeed,
     EnumVisitor,
     MapVisitor,
     SeqVisitor,
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ impl<I> Deserializer<I>
                     Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
                 }
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -160,6 +161,10 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
         where __V: de::Visitor {
         self.deserialize(visitor)
     }
+    fn deserialize_byte_buf<__V>(self, visitor: __V) -> Result<__V::Value, Self::Error>
+        where __V: de::Visitor {
+        self.deserialize(visitor)
+    }
     fn deserialize_ignored_any<__V>(self, visitor: __V) -> Result<__V::Value, Self::Error>
         where __V: de::Visitor {
         self.deserialize(visitor)
@@ -220,26 +225,16 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
         where __V: de::Visitor {
         self.deserialize(visitor)
     }
-    fn deserialize_usize<__V>(self, visitor: __V) -> Result<__V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where __V: de::Visitor {
-        self.deserialize(visitor)
-    }
-    fn deserialize_isize<__V>(self, visitor: __V) -> Result<__V::Value, Self::Error>
-        where __V: de::Visitor {
-        self.deserialize(visitor)
-    }
 
     fn deserialize<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
         where V: Visitor,
     {
         match self.tokens.next() {
             Some(Token::Bool(v)) => visitor.visit_bool(v),
-            Some(Token::Isize(v)) => visitor.visit_isize(v),
             Some(Token::I8(v)) => visitor.visit_i8(v),
             Some(Token::I16(v)) => visitor.visit_i16(v),
             Some(Token::I32(v)) => visitor.visit_i32(v),
             Some(Token::I64(v)) => visitor.visit_i64(v),
-            Some(Token::Usize(v)) => visitor.visit_usize(v),
             Some(Token::U8(v)) => visitor.visit_u8(v),
             Some(Token::U16(v)) => visitor.visit_u16(v),
             Some(Token::U32(v)) => visitor.visit_u32(v),
@@ -250,10 +245,11 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
             Some(Token::Str(v)) => visitor.visit_str(v),
             Some(Token::String(v)) => visitor.visit_string(v),
             Some(Token::Bytes(v)) => visitor.visit_bytes(v),
+            Some(Token::ByteBuf(v)) => visitor.visit_byte_buf(v),
             Some(Token::Option(false)) => visitor.visit_none(),
             Some(Token::Option(true)) => visitor.visit_some(self),
             Some(Token::Unit) => visitor.visit_unit(),
-            Some(Token::UnitStruct(name)) => visitor.visit_unit_struct(name),
+            Some(Token::UnitStruct(_name)) => visitor.visit_unit(),
             Some(Token::SeqStart(len)) => {
                 self.visit_seq(len, visitor)
             }
@@ -267,7 +263,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 self.visit_map(Some(len), visitor)
             }
             Some(token) => Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token)),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -290,7 +286,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 visitor.visit_none()
             }
             Some(_) => visitor.visit_some(self),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -320,7 +316,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 let token = self.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => { return Err(Error::EndOfStream); }
+            None => { return Err(Error::EndOfTokens); }
         }
     }
 
@@ -337,7 +333,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 }
             }
             Some(_) => self.deserialize(visitor),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -356,7 +352,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 }
             }
             Some(_) => self.deserialize(visitor),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -371,7 +367,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 self.visit_array(len, visitor)
             }
             Some(_) => self.deserialize(visitor),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -406,7 +402,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 self.visit_tuple_struct(len, visitor)
             }
             Some(_) => self.deserialize(visitor),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -450,7 +446,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 }
             }
             Some(_) => self.deserialize(visitor),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -474,7 +470,7 @@ impl<'a, I> de::Deserializer for &'a mut Deserializer<I>
                 self.visit_map(Some(fields.len()), visitor)
             }
             Some(_) => self.deserialize(visitor),
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -491,21 +487,21 @@ impl<'a, I> SeqVisitor for DeserializerSeqVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Error>
-        where T: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Error>
+        where T: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::SeqSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len = self.len.map(|len| len - 1);
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::SeqEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -527,21 +523,21 @@ impl<'a, I> SeqVisitor for DeserializerArrayVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Error>
-        where T: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Error>
+        where T: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::SeqSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len -= 1;
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::SeqEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -562,21 +558,21 @@ impl<'a, I> SeqVisitor for DeserializerTupleVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Error>
-        where T: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Error>
+        where T: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::TupleSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len -= 1;
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::TupleEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -597,21 +593,21 @@ impl<'a, I> SeqVisitor for DeserializerTupleStructVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Error>
-        where T: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Error>
+        where T: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::TupleStructSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len -= 1;
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::TupleStructEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -632,21 +628,21 @@ impl<'a, I> SeqVisitor for DeserializerVariantSeqVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit<T>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, Error>
-        where T: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_seed<T>(&mut self, seed: T) -> Result<Option<T::Value>, Error>
+        where T: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumSeqSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len = self.len.map(|len| len - 1);
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::EnumSeqEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -668,28 +664,28 @@ impl<'a, I> MapVisitor for DeserializerMapVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit_key<K>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<K>, Error>
-        where K: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Error>
+        where K: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::MapSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len = self.len.map(|len| if len > 0 { len - 1} else { 0 });
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::MapEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
-    fn visit_value<V>(&mut self) -> Result<V, Error>
-        where V: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+        where V: DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de)
+        seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de)
     }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
@@ -710,28 +706,28 @@ impl<'a, I> MapVisitor for DeserializerStructVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit_key<K>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<K>, Error>
-        where K: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Error>
+        where K: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::StructSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len = self.len.saturating_sub(1);
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::StructEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
-    fn visit_value<V>(&mut self) -> Result<V, Error>
-        where V: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+        where V: DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de)
+        seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de)
     }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
@@ -751,8 +747,8 @@ impl<'a, I> EnumVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
     type Error = Error;
     type Variant = Self;
 
-    fn visit_variant<V>(self) -> Result<(V, Self), Error>
-        where V: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_variant_seed<V>(self, seed: V) -> Result<(V::Value, Self), Error>
+        where V: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumUnit(_, v))
@@ -760,14 +756,14 @@ impl<'a, I> EnumVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
             | Some(&Token::EnumSeqStart(_, v, _))
             | Some(&Token::EnumMapStart(_, v, _)) => {
                 let de = v.into_deserializer();
-                let value = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(de));
+                let value = try!(seed.deserialize(de));
                 Ok((value, self))
             }
             Some(_) => {
-                let value = try!(Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de));
+                let value = try!(seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de));
                 Ok((value, self))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -786,22 +782,22 @@ impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
             Some(_) => {
                 Deserialize::deserialize(self.de)
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
-    fn visit_newtype<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
-        where T: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_newtype_seed<T>(self, seed: T) -> Result<T::Value, Self::Error>
+        where T: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumNewType(_, _)) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
-                Deserialize::deserialize(self.de)
+                seed.deserialize(self.de)
             }
             Some(_) => {
-                Deserialize::deserialize(self.de)
+                seed.deserialize(self.de)
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -832,7 +828,7 @@ impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
             Some(_) => {
                 de::Deserializer::deserialize(self.de, visitor)
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
@@ -863,7 +859,7 @@ impl<'a, I> VariantVisitor for DeserializerEnumVisitor<'a, I>
             Some(_) => {
                 de::Deserializer::deserialize(self.de, visitor)
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -880,28 +876,28 @@ impl<'a, I> MapVisitor for DeserializerVariantMapVisitor<'a, I>
 {
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn visit_key<K>(&mut self) -> Result<Option<K>, Error>
-        where K: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_key_seed<K>(&mut self, seed: K) -> Result<Option<K::Value>, Error>
+        where K: DeserializeSeed,
     {
         match self.de.tokens.peek() {
             Some(&Token::EnumMapSep) => {
                 self.de.tokens.next();
                 self.len = self.len.map(|len| if len > 0 { len - 1} else { 0 });
-                Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
+                seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de).map(Some)
             }
             Some(&Token::EnumMapEnd) => Ok(None),
             Some(_) => {
                 let token = self.de.tokens.next().unwrap();
                 Err(Error::UnexpectedToken(token))
             }
-            None => Err(Error::EndOfStream),
+            None => Err(Error::EndOfTokens),
         }
     }
 
-    fn visit_value<V>(&mut self) -> Result<V, Error>
-        where V: Deserialize,
+    fn visit_value_seed<V>(&mut self, seed: V) -> Result<V::Value, Error>
+        where V: DeserializeSeed,
     {
-        Deserialize::deserialize(&mut *self.de)
+        seed.deserialize(&mut *self.de)
     }
 
     fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {

serde_test/src/error.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use std::{error, fmt};
+use std::error;
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
 
 use serde::{ser, de};
 
@@ -6,82 +7,42 @@ use token::Token;
 
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub enum Error {
-    // Shared
-    Custom(String),
-    InvalidValue(String),
-
-    // De
-    EndOfStream,
-    InvalidType(de::Type),
-    InvalidLength(usize),
-    UnknownVariant(String),
-    UnknownField(String),
-    MissingField(&'static str),
-    DuplicateField(&'static str),
+    Message(String),
     InvalidName(&'static str),
     UnexpectedToken(Token<'static>),
+    EndOfTokens,
 }
 
 impl ser::Error for Error {
-    fn custom<T: Into<String>>(msg: T) -> Error {
-        Error::Custom(msg.into())
-    }
-
-    fn invalid_value(msg: &str) -> Error {
-        Error::InvalidValue(msg.to_owned())
+    fn custom<T: Display>(msg: T) -> Error {
+        Error::Message(msg.to_string())
     }
 }
 
 impl de::Error for Error {
-    fn custom<T: Into<String>>(msg: T) -> Error {
-        Error::Custom(msg.into())
-    }
-
-    fn end_of_stream() -> Error {
-        Error::EndOfStream
-    }
-
-    fn invalid_type(ty: de::Type) -> Error {
-        Error::InvalidType(ty)
-    }
-
-    fn invalid_value(msg: &str) -> Error {
-        Error::InvalidValue(msg.to_owned())
-    }
-
-    fn invalid_length(len: usize) -> Error {
-        Error::InvalidLength(len)
-    }
-
-    fn unknown_variant(variant: &str) -> Error {
-        Error::UnknownVariant(variant.to_owned())
-    }
-
-    fn unknown_field(field: &str) -> Error {
-        Error::UnknownField(field.to_owned())
-    }
-
-    fn missing_field(field: &'static str) -> Error {
-        Error::MissingField(field)
-    }
-
-    fn duplicate_field(field: &'static str) -> Error {
-        Error::DuplicateField(field)
+    fn custom<T: Display>(msg: T) -> Error {
+        Error::Message(msg.to_string())
     }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for Error {
-    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        formatter.write_str(format!("{:?}", self).as_ref())
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Error::Message(ref msg) => formatter.write_str(msg),
+            Error::InvalidName(name) => write!(formatter, "invalid name `{}`", name),
+            Error::UnexpectedToken(_) => formatter.write_str("unexpected token"),
+            Error::EndOfTokens => formatter.write_str("end of tokens"),
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl error::Error for Error {
     fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        "Serde Error"
-    }
-
-    fn cause(&self) -> Option<&error::Error> {
-        None
+        match *self {
+            Error::Message(ref msg) => msg,
+            Error::InvalidName(_) => "invalid name",
+            Error::UnexpectedToken(_) => "unexpected token",
+            Error::EndOfTokens => "end of tokens",
+        }
     }
 }

serde_test/src/ser.rs

@@ -46,11 +46,6 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::Serializer for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn serialize_isize(self, v: isize) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::Isize(v)));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     fn serialize_i8(self, v: i8) -> Result<(), Error> {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::I8(v)));
         Ok(())
@@ -71,11 +66,6 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::Serializer for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn serialize_usize(self, v: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::Usize(v)));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     fn serialize_u8(self, v: u8) -> Result<(), Error> {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::U8(v)));
         Ok(())
@@ -139,20 +129,20 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::Serializer for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T>(self,
-                                   name: &'static str,
-                                   value: T) -> Result<(), Error>
+    fn serialize_newtype_struct<T: ?Sized>(self,
+                                           name: &'static str,
+                                           value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
         where T: Serialize,
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::StructNewType(name)));
         value.serialize(self)
     }
 
-    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T>(self,
-                                    name: &str,
-                                    _variant_index: usize,
-                                    variant: &str,
-                                    value: T) -> Result<(), Error>
+    fn serialize_newtype_variant<T: ?Sized>(self,
+                                            name: &str,
+                                            _variant_index: usize,
+                                            variant: &str,
+                                            value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
         where T: Serialize,
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::EnumNewType(name, variant)));
@@ -164,8 +154,8 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::Serializer for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn serialize_some<V>(self, value: V) -> Result<(), Error>
-        where V: Serialize,
+    fn serialize_some<T: ?Sized>(self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
+        where T: Serialize,
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::Option(true)));
         value.serialize(self)
@@ -228,7 +218,7 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeSeq for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Error>
+    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
         where T: Serialize
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::SeqSep));
@@ -247,7 +237,7 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeTuple for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_element<T>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Error>
+    fn serialize_element<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
         where T: Serialize
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::TupleSep));
@@ -266,7 +256,7 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeTupleStruct for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Error>
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
         where T: Serialize
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::TupleStructSep));
@@ -285,7 +275,7 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeTupleVariant for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<T>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Error>
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Error>
         where T: Serialize
     {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::EnumSeqSep));
@@ -304,12 +294,12 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeMap for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_key<T>(&mut self, key: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where T: Serialize {
+    fn serialize_key<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, key: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where T: Serialize {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::MapSep));
         key.serialize(&mut **self)
     }
 
-    fn serialize_value<T>(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where T: Serialize {
+    fn serialize_value<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where T: Serialize {
         value.serialize(&mut **self)
     }
 
@@ -325,7 +315,7 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeStruct for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<V>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: V) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where V: Serialize {
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where T: Serialize {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::StructSep));
         try!(key.serialize(&mut **self));
         value.serialize(&mut **self)
@@ -343,7 +333,7 @@ impl<'s, 'a, I> ser::SerializeStructVariant for &'s mut Serializer<'a, I>
     type Ok = ();
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn serialize_field<V>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: V) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where V: Serialize {
+    fn serialize_field<T: ?Sized>(&mut self, key: &'static str, value: &T) -> Result<(), Self::Error> where T: Serialize {
         assert_eq!(self.tokens.next(), Some(&Token::EnumMapSep));
         try!(key.serialize(&mut **self));
         value.serialize(&mut **self)

serde_test/src/token.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub enum Token<'a> {
     Bool(bool),
-    Isize(isize),
     I8(i8),
     I16(i16),
     I32(i32),
     I64(i64),
-    Usize(usize),
     U8(u8),
     U16(u16),
     U32(u32),
@@ -17,6 +15,7 @@ pub enum Token<'a> {
     Str(&'a str),
     String(String),
     Bytes(&'a [u8]),
+    ByteBuf(Vec<u8>),
 
     Option(bool),
 

testing/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "serde_testing"
-version = "0.9.0-rc1"
+version = "0.9.0"
 authors = ["Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>"]
 license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
 description = "A generic serialization/deserialization framework"

testing/tests/test_annotations.rs

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ fn test_default_enum() {
     assert_de_tokens(
         &DefaultEnum::Struct { a1: 1, a2: 2, a3: 3, a4: 0, a5: 123 },
         &[
-            Token::EnumMapStart("DefaultEnum", "Struct", 5),
+            Token::EnumMapStart("DefaultEnum", "Struct", 3),
 
             Token::EnumMapSep,
             Token::Str("a1"),
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ fn test_default_enum() {
     assert_de_tokens(
         &DefaultEnum::Struct { a1: 1, a2: 0, a3: 123, a4: 0, a5: 123 },
         &[
-            Token::EnumMapStart("DefaultEnum", "Struct", 5),
+            Token::EnumMapStart("DefaultEnum", "Struct", 3),
 
             Token::EnumMapSep,
             Token::Str("a1"),
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ fn test_ignore_unknown() {
             Token::StructSep,
             Token::Str("whoops"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownField("whoops".to_owned())
+        Error::Message("unknown field `whoops`, expected `a1`".to_owned())
     );
 }
 
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ fn test_missing_renamed_field_struct() {
 
             Token::StructEnd,
         ],
-        Error::MissingField("a3"),
+        Error::Message("missing field `a3`".to_owned()),
     );
 
     assert_de_tokens_error::<RenameStructSerializeDeserialize>(
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ fn test_missing_renamed_field_struct() {
 
             Token::StructEnd,
         ],
-        Error::MissingField("a5"),
+        Error::Message("missing field `a5`".to_owned()),
     );
 }
 
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ fn test_missing_renamed_field_enum() {
 
             Token::EnumMapEnd,
         ],
-        Error::MissingField("b"),
+        Error::Message("missing field `b`".to_owned()),
     );
 
     assert_de_tokens_error::<RenameEnumSerializeDeserialize<i8>>(
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ fn test_missing_renamed_field_enum() {
 
             Token::EnumMapEnd,
         ],
-        Error::MissingField("d"),
+        Error::Message("missing field `d`".to_owned()),
     );
 }
 
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ fn test_invalid_length_enum() {
                 Token::I32(1),
             Token::EnumSeqEnd,
         ],
-        Error::InvalidLength(1),
+        Error::Message("invalid length 1, expected tuple of 3 elements".to_owned()),
     );
     assert_de_tokens_error::<InvalidLengthEnum>(
         &[
@@ -971,6 +971,6 @@ fn test_invalid_length_enum() {
                 Token::I32(1),
             Token::EnumSeqEnd,
         ],
-        Error::InvalidLength(1),
+        Error::Message("invalid length 1, expected tuple of 2 elements".to_owned()),
     );
 }

testing/tests/test_bytes.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ fn test_bytes() {
 fn test_byte_buf() {
     let empty = ByteBuf::new();
     assert_tokens(&empty, &[Token::Bytes(b"")]);
+    assert_de_tokens(&empty, &[Token::ByteBuf(Vec::new())]);
     assert_de_tokens(&empty, &[Token::Str("")]);
     assert_de_tokens(&empty, &[Token::String(String::new())]);
     assert_de_tokens(&empty, &[
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ fn test_byte_buf() {
 
     let buf = ByteBuf::from(vec![65, 66, 67]);
     assert_tokens(&buf, &[Token::Bytes(b"ABC")]);
+    assert_de_tokens(&buf, &[Token::ByteBuf(vec![65, 66, 67])]);
     assert_de_tokens(&buf, &[Token::Str("ABC")]);
     assert_de_tokens(&buf, &[Token::String("ABC".to_owned())]);
     assert_de_tokens(&buf, &[

testing/tests/test_de.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::net;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use serde::de::{Deserialize, Type};
+use serde::Deserialize;
 
 extern crate fnv;
 use self::fnv::FnvHasher;
@@ -155,12 +155,10 @@ declare_tests! {
         false => &[Token::Bool(false)],
     }
     test_isize {
-        0isize => &[Token::Isize(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::I8(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::I16(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::I32(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::I64(0)],
-        0isize => &[Token::Usize(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::U8(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::U16(0)],
         0isize => &[Token::U32(0)],
@@ -169,14 +167,12 @@ declare_tests! {
         0isize => &[Token::F64(0.)],
     }
     test_ints {
-        0isize => &[Token::Isize(0)],
         0i8 => &[Token::I8(0)],
         0i16 => &[Token::I16(0)],
         0i32 => &[Token::I32(0)],
         0i64 => &[Token::I64(0)],
     }
     test_uints {
-        0usize => &[Token::Usize(0)],
         0u8 => &[Token::U8(0)],
         0u16 => &[Token::U16(0)],
         0u32 => &[Token::U32(0)],
@@ -774,6 +770,20 @@ declare_tests! {
             Token::EnumMapEnd,
         ],
     }
+    test_enum_unit_usize {
+        Enum::Unit => &[
+            Token::EnumStart("Enum"),
+            Token::U32(0),
+            Token::Unit,
+        ],
+    }
+    test_enum_unit_bytes {
+        Enum::Unit => &[
+            Token::EnumStart("Enum"),
+            Token::Bytes(b"Unit"),
+            Token::Unit,
+        ],
+    }
     test_box {
         Box::new(0i32) => &[Token::I32(0)],
     }
@@ -849,7 +859,7 @@ declare_error_tests! {
                 Token::StructSep,
                 Token::Str("d"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownField("d".to_owned()),
+        Error::Message("unknown field `d`, expected `a`".to_owned()),
     }
     test_skipped_field_is_unknown<StructDenyUnknown> {
         &[
@@ -857,7 +867,7 @@ declare_error_tests! {
                 Token::StructSep,
                 Token::Str("b"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownField("b".to_owned()),
+        Error::Message("unknown field `b`, expected `a`".to_owned()),
     }
     test_skip_all_deny_unknown<StructSkipAllDenyUnknown> {
         &[
@@ -865,25 +875,25 @@ declare_error_tests! {
                 Token::StructSep,
                 Token::Str("a"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownField("a".to_owned()),
+        Error::Message("unknown field `a`, there are no fields".to_owned()),
     }
     test_unknown_variant<Enum> {
         &[
             Token::EnumUnit("Enum", "Foo"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownVariant("Foo".to_owned()),
+        Error::Message("unknown variant `Foo`, expected one of `Unit`, `Simple`, `Seq`, `Map`".to_owned()),
     }
     test_enum_skipped_variant<Enum> {
         &[
             Token::EnumUnit("Enum", "Skipped"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownVariant("Skipped".to_owned()),
+        Error::Message("unknown variant `Skipped`, expected one of `Unit`, `Simple`, `Seq`, `Map`".to_owned()),
     }
     test_enum_skip_all<EnumSkipAll> {
         &[
             Token::EnumUnit("EnumSkipAll", "Skipped"),
         ],
-        Error::UnknownVariant("Skipped".to_owned()),
+        Error::Message("unknown variant `Skipped`, there are no variants".to_owned()),
     }
     test_struct_seq_too_long<Struct> {
         &[
@@ -904,7 +914,7 @@ declare_error_tests! {
                 Token::MapSep,
                 Token::Str("a"),
         ],
-        Error::DuplicateField("a"),
+        Error::Message("duplicate field `a`".to_owned()),
     }
     test_duplicate_field_enum<Enum> {
         &[
@@ -916,22 +926,14 @@ declare_error_tests! {
                 Token::EnumMapSep,
                 Token::Str("a"),
         ],
-        Error::DuplicateField("a"),
+        Error::Message("duplicate field `a`".to_owned()),
     }
-    test_enum_unit_usize<Enum> {
+    test_enum_out_of_range<Enum> {
         &[
             Token::EnumStart("Enum"),
-            Token::Usize(0),
+            Token::U32(4),
             Token::Unit,
         ],
-        Error::InvalidType(Type::U64),
-    }
-    test_enum_unit_bytes<Enum> {
-        &[
-            Token::EnumStart("Enum"),
-            Token::Bytes(b"Unit"),
-            Token::Unit,
-        ],
-        Error::InvalidType(Type::Bytes),
+        Error::Message("invalid value: integer `4`, expected variant index 0 <= i < 4".into()),
     }
 }

testing/tests/test_ser.rs

@@ -60,14 +60,12 @@ declare_ser_tests! {
         false => &[Token::Bool(false)],
     }
     test_isizes {
-        0isize => &[Token::Isize(0)],
         0i8 => &[Token::I8(0)],
         0i16 => &[Token::I16(0)],
         0i32 => &[Token::I32(0)],
         0i64 => &[Token::I64(0)],
     }
     test_usizes {
-        0usize => &[Token::Usize(0)],
         0u8 => &[Token::U8(0)],
         0u16 => &[Token::U16(0)],
         0u32 => &[Token::U32(0)],
@@ -432,7 +430,7 @@ fn test_cannot_serialize_paths() {
     assert_ser_tokens_error(
         &Path::new(path),
         &[],
-        Error::InvalidValue("Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters".to_owned()));
+        Error::Message("path contains invalid UTF-8 characters".to_owned()));
 
     let mut path_buf = PathBuf::new();
     path_buf.push(path);
@@ -440,7 +438,7 @@ fn test_cannot_serialize_paths() {
     assert_ser_tokens_error(
         &path_buf,
         &[],
-        Error::InvalidValue("Path contains invalid UTF-8 characters".to_owned()));
+        Error::Message("path contains invalid UTF-8 characters".to_owned()));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -448,17 +446,17 @@ fn test_enum_skipped() {
     assert_ser_tokens_error(
         &Enum::SkippedUnit,
         &[],
-        Error::InvalidValue("The enum variant Enum::SkippedUnit cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
+        Error::Message("the enum variant Enum::SkippedUnit cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
     assert_ser_tokens_error(
         &Enum::SkippedOne(42),
         &[],
-        Error::InvalidValue("The enum variant Enum::SkippedOne cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
+        Error::Message("the enum variant Enum::SkippedOne cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
     assert_ser_tokens_error(
         &Enum::SkippedSeq(1, 2),
         &[],
-        Error::InvalidValue("The enum variant Enum::SkippedSeq cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
+        Error::Message("the enum variant Enum::SkippedSeq cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
     assert_ser_tokens_error(
         &Enum::SkippedMap { _a: 1, _b: 2 },
         &[],
-        Error::InvalidValue("The enum variant Enum::SkippedMap cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
+        Error::Message("the enum variant Enum::SkippedMap cannot be serialized".to_owned()));
 }